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Preconditions
1. The MinGW-W64 GCC toolchain (including MSYS2) has been installed as per
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the instructions provided in our page on “How to install the GCC for
Windows“.
2. NetBeans (version 8.2 or higher) has been properly installed. Although the
RECENT POSTS following instructions are likely to work with NetBeans versions older than
32 vs 64 Bit in Windows – Has your 8.2, it is recommended to update either to such version or to the current
binary been compiled for a 32 Bit version at the time of reading. This is important if you also want to use
or for a 64 Bit environment? NetBeans to develop Fortran source code and to compile it using the GCC.
Detailed installation instructions are available from the corresponding
Extras for the ideal degree
Netbeans website page. Please note that is important to run the NetBeans
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installer as an Administrator, just to avoid early termination issues linked to
security
the lack of administrative priviledges at some point during the installation Follow
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Being an entrepreneurial student 3. The GCC C/C++/Fortran plugin for NetBeans (ver 8.xx) has been properly
installed. See the “Configuring Netbeans IDE 8.0 for C/C++/Fortran”
instructable. Note that you are expected to have already installed MinGW-
CATEGORIES W64 and MSYS2 as per point 1 above. Hence, most of the instructions in the
development said instructable are not relevant. Only consider sections “Enabling
C/C++/Fortran in the IDE” at the beginning and “Verifying the Installation”
events
at the end of the instructable.
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4. NetBeans has detected all the installed components of the MinGW-W64 GCC
masters programme
toolchain. To check that is the case, go to menu Tools > Options and select
service design tab C/C++. This should show the right path to the relevant binaries, e.g.
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January 2016 Note that QMake (an alternative to make and CMake) is not needed if you are not
December 2015 using the Qt application framework to create GUIs for your C++ programs.
All toolchain components have been automatically detected by NetBeans
November 2015
from the Windows Path environment variable. Different toolchains can be
March 2015
selected (e.g., corresponding to different GCC versions, architectures, or
February 2015
compilers).
October 2014
August 2014 Finally, note that during its installation, NetBeans uses the Windows Path
July 2014 environment variable and other setups to find the path of the various
executables it needs for its compilation toolchains. So, for instance, Java
June 2014
binaries are detected by looking in the directory
May 2014
C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath. Conversely, MinGW GCC toolchain
April 2014
executables as the one shown in the above picture are detected using the
March 2014 Windows path (and thus the various MINGW_HOME and MSYS_HOME
February 2014 specific system environment variables. Their setup is described in the
January 2014 “MinGW toolchain installation instructable “). Hence, if environment
December 2013 variables heve not been (correctly) set at Netbeans installation time, the
corresponding executables will not be found by the IDE. If you expect
November 2013
NetBeans to automatically find and record them correctly at startup after
October 2013
the (missing) program path and the specific environment variables have
been correctly set in Windows, you will be wrong. This is because NetBeans
records the paths to the needed toolchain binaries at installation time only,
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and keeps complaiing later on if it does not find them in the path recorded
Register there and then, either because the latter was wrong or because it had been
Log in left blank at NetBeans installation time . Consequently, you would need to
Entries RSS set the correct path to the needed toolchain executables manually in
Comments RSS NetBeans. As far as Java is concerned, this can be done by opening the
NetBeans configuration file netbeans.conf (typically in the directory
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C:\Program Files\NetBeans 8.2\etc or equivalent) and modifyiong the line
that specifies the JDK default home location, which looks like
netbeans_jdkhome="C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101"
Very likely, you may want to create a new project from scratch (i.e., a C/C++
Application) rather than a project from existing sources or a library.
To create an empty project with still-to-be-written source files, select “C/C++
Application“. Netbeans will suggest a project setup configuration like this:
In both cases, right-click on the “Source Files” in the Projects hierarchy tree:
Netbeans project
hierarchy tree
New file – you are presented with a list of different types to choose from
Add existing items – use this option if you want to add a single file or a
collection of files distributed across different file system directories.
Add existing items from folders – use this option if you want to add multiple
files from one or more specific directories, which can be selected and linked
to the file directory hierarchy of your project.
2. Once an option has been selected (e.g., a C++ Application, with the
understanding that this will later become a Fortran Application), Netbeans
will suggest a project setup configuration like this:
How to tell Netbeans that your C/C++ project is actually a Fortran project
Simply go to the line that deals with the Main File and select a Fortran
versions from the drop-down menu. We use the latest “Fortran 2008”
version, which allows free-format source code.
Even if you don’t create a main file at this point in time, you can always add
new source code files later on. In this case, NetBeans allows you to specify
source code in your project as Fortran files (either in the old Fortran77
“fixed format” if you have legacy issues or in the Modern Fortran “free
format” if you don’t).
Job done – you now have a Fortran project up and running. The GCC NetBeans
plugin will look at the extension of source code files associated to your project to
decide whether to use a C++ or a Fortran toolchain.
It is worth going through the various categories, as setting these properly makes
the difference between your software compiling (and running) and a series of
compile-time or run-time errors that may drive you crazy because – despite such
errors – your source code is actually correct.
Warning: We will only focus on some core project properties whose setup is
essential for correct compilation, linkage and execution. Several other properties,
which are not critical to begin C++/Fortran software development with the
MinGW port of the GCC, are out of the scope of this instructable and are thus not
covered. To know more on project property setups in NetBeans, please refer to the
NetBeans help pages.
1. Which toolchain (tool collection) to use, in case you use different compilers
or, more likely, different GCC versions. In most cases, however, you will have
installed and/or enabled just one such version, so this setting may actually
be left as it is.
2. What kind of configuration you want to build, i.e., whether it is an
Application, a Dynamic Library, or a Static Library. In most cases, it will be
an Application, i.e. a standalone executable that can be run on its own.
The build category allows the specification of compilation setups for C++ and
Fortran as well as for the linkage of C++/Fortran-compiled programs.
C++ Compiler
The C++ Compiler setup window (see below) should be thoroughly checked to
make sure that a C++ program can actually compile, link, and run.
Apart from some basic options, most default compiler options are left blank.
While this is fine for a Hello World program, more substantial developments
generally require a careful setup of at least some of these C++ compilation
options, namely:
Include Directories – These are directories that contain header files needed
for compilation purposes. For instance, compiling C++ software that uses the
OpenCV library requires the inclusion of few directories that contain a
range of OpenCV header files. Avoiding to include required header
directories would result in a compilation failure.
Include Headers – If just a few specific header files (located in different
directoris) are required, these can be indicated here rather than including
whole directories in the above slot.
Development Mode – Debug is the default mode (and it is suggested to leave
it as it is, unless something else is specifically required. Different modes can
be selected if needed (e.g., Performance Release, Test Coverage).
Warning Level – This specifies how verbose the compiler can be; range goes
from No Warnings to More Warnings (with Some Warnings being the
default). You can also render Warnings as Errors if you need to enforce a
strict approach. Increasing warnings may be useful at the beginning, during
debugging and any time you may have compilation problems.
Architecture – This instruct the compiler to use 64 bits (the default) or 32
bits (to cross-compile for an i686 machine or for an x86_64 machine
running Win32).
C++ Standard – By default, this is the latest-ish version, i.e. C++11, but it
could be an earlier version in case of legacy code.
Fortran Compiler
The Fortran Compiler setup window (see below) is similar to the C++ one.
The relevant options are the same already discussed in the C++ compilation case,
so they will not be repeated here.
Linker
The Linker setup window (see below) is another critical window that needs to be
checked to guarantee that a C++ or Fortran program can actually compile, link,
and run.
Linker options
The linker basically associates code from existing external libraries to your own
code, enabling the latter to call the corresponding functions/objects contained in
the former. Hence, the following two options should be carefully checked:
Run
The Run setup window (see below) is another critical window that should be
checked to make sure that a C++ or Fortran executable can actually run.
The only relevant thing to note here is making sure to select either “Standard
Output” or “External terminal” as the Console Type, otherwise the executable will
not run and Netbeans will throw an error. Selecting the Standard Output option,
NetBeans will show executable results in one of the IDE panes. Conversely,
selecting the Esternal Terminal option a Windows terminal (command prompt)
will be opened and all executable output will be redirected there.
1 #include <iostream>
2
3 int main()
4 {
5 std::cout << "Hello World from Cpp!\n";
6 return 0;
7 }
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