GRAPHICS DESIGNING WITH PHOTOSHOP (GDP)

GRAPHICS DESIGNING WITH

PHOTOSHOP
(GDP)

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GRAPHICS DESIGNING WITH PHOTOSHOP (GDP)

Adobe Photoshop

- is a powerful, industry standard image-editing tool for designers, and artists

- is a raster graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Systems for Windows and
OS X.

- was created in 1988 by Thomas and John Knoll.

- Photoshop's naming scheme was initially based on version numbers. However, on October
2003, following the introduction of Creative Suite branding, each new version of Photoshop
was designated with "CS" plus a number; e.g. the eighth major version of Photoshop was
Photoshop CS and the ninth major version was Photoshop CS2. Photoshop CS3 through
CS6 were also distributed in two different editions: Standard and Extended.

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GRAPHICS DESIGNING WITH PHOTOSHOP (GDP)

INTERFACE

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TOOLS IN PHOTOSHOP

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Image Modes

A color mode determines the color model used to display and print images. Photoshop bases its
color modes on established models for describing and reproducing color. Common models include HSB
(hue, saturation, brightness); RGB (red, green, blue); CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, black); and CIE
L*a*b*. Photoshop also includes modes for specialized color output such as Indexed Color and Duotone.
Image Ready uses RGB mode to work with images.

RGB images use three colors, or channels, to reproduce up to 16.7 million colors on-screen;

Resolution and Image Size:

In order to produce high-quality images, it is important to understand how the pixel data of images
is measured and displayed. Image resolution is measured in pixels: height by width

The number of pixels displayed per unit of printed length in an image, usually measured in pixels
per inch (ppi). In Photoshop, you can change the resolution of an image.

Pixel dimensions
The number of pixels along the height and width of a bitmap image. The display size of
an image on-screen is determined by the pixel dimensions of the image plus the size and setting of the
monitor.

File size
The digital size of an image, measured in kilobytes (K), megabytes (MB), or gigabytes (GB). File
size is proportional to the pixel dimensions of the image. Images with more pixels may produce more
detail at a given printed size, but they require more disk space to store and may be slower to edit and
print.

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CROP TOOL

Cropping images
Cropping is the process of removing portions of an image to create focus or strengthen the
composition. You
can crop an image using the crop tool and the Crop command.

To crop an image using the Crop command:

1. Select the part of the image you want to keep
2. Choose Image > Crop.

• To cancel a crop, hit the escape key. To apply the crop, hit the enter key, double click inside of the crop bounding
box, or choose another
tool from the tool bar.

• To use the Crop tool to add canvas to your image, drag out a crop and release the mouse. Then, drag the crop
handles outside of the
image area and apply the crop. The area outside of the image will be added to the canvas. Note: to add
transparency around the image
(instead of filling the added space with the background color) convert the Background into a layer by
selecting Layer > New > Layer From
Background (or by double clicking on the word Background in the Layers palette).

The Move Tool (v)

While another tools is selected, holding the Cmd (Mac) / Ctrl (Win) temporarily accesses the Move tool.
Releasing the key returns you to the previous tool.

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The Lasso Tools (l)

Holding the Option (Mac) / Alt (Win) key while using the Lasso tool will toggle it to the Polygonal lasso tool
and vice versa.

Holding the Option (Mac) / Alt (Win) key while using the Magnetic lasso will toggle to the regular Lasso if you
drag with the cursor and the Polygonal Lasso if you click with the cursor.

While using the Lasso tool, hitting the return/enter key will automatically highlight the Feather option for the
tool in the Options bar and allow you to enter a feather amount.

While selecting with the Lasso tool, holding the Spacebar will temporarily give you the Hand tool to
reposition your image on screen.

The Magnetic Lasso and Magnetic Pen tools:

„[„ decreases the lasso width „]‟ increases the lasso width

„[„ + Shift goes to the minimum lasso width „]„ + Shift goes to the maximum lasso width

„,‟ decreases the edge contrast „.‟ increases the edge contrast

„,‟ + Shift goes to the minimum edge contrast „.‟ + Shift goes to the maximum edge contrast

„;‟ decreases the frequency „‟‟ increases the frequency

„;‟ + Shift goes to the minimum frequency „‟‟ + Shift goes to the maximum frequency

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Quick Selection & Magic Wand Tools (w)

The following shortcuts (tips) apply to the Quick Selection tool only:

• When creating a selection, press the right bracket (]) to increase the Quick Selection tool brush tip size; press the
left bracket ([) to
decrease the brush tip size.

• Sample All Layers creates a selection based on all layers instead of just the currently selected layer (as if the image
was flat).

• Auto-Enhance tries to reduce roughness in the selection boundary. HOwever, you have more control using the
Refine edge command.

The following shortcuts (tips) apply to the Magic Wand tool only:

• To select similar colors throughout the image (as opposed to being restricted to those similar pixels that are
touching) uncheck the
“Contiguous” option in the Options bar.

• To select similar colors on multiple layers check the “Use All Layers” feature in the Options bar.

• While using the Magic Wand tool, hitting the return/enter key will automatically highlight the Tolerance option for the
tool in the Options
bar and allow you to enter an amount.

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Brush, Pencil & Color Replacement Tools (b)

• The Pencil tool always paints with hard edges, if you want a soft edged brush, use the Brush tool.

• The Pencil Too‟s Auto Erase feature is a an odd one, but here‟s how it works: if the center of the cursor is over the
foreground color (in the
Tools palette) when you begin dragging (in the image area), the area is erased to the background color.
However, if the center of the cursor
is over an area that doesn‟t contain the foreground color when you begin dragging, the area is painted with
the foreground color.

Clone & Pattern Stamp Tools (s)

• Option (Mac) /Alt (Win) -click in the source document, then clone in the same document, or even in any open
document.

• Because it can be difficult to align area containing a repeating pattern (such as a picket fence or a brick wall),
adding an empty layer and
checking the option “Use All Layers” on the Options bar enables you to reposition the cloned area if needed
(by repositioning the layer).

• Option (Mac) /Alt (Win) + Shift to temporarily show the clone source overlay.

• Option (Mac) /Alt (Win)-drag to move the source overlay to the desired offset/position.

Slice & Slice Select Tools (k)

• To temporarily access (toggle between) the Slice and Slice Select tool (and vice versa) hold the Command (Mac) /
Control (Win) key.

• If you accidently select the slice tool and the icon for slices appears in your image (the slice number and type), you
can hide it by choosing
View > Show > Slices (this toggles off the check next to Slices).

• Shift-drag to constrain the slice to a square. Alt-drag (Windows) or Option-drag (Mac OS) to draw from the center.

• Use View > Snap To to align a new slice to a guide or another slice in the image.

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Spot Healing Brush, Healing Brush, Patch & Red Eye Tools (j)

• Using the Healing brush with the blending mode set to Replace makes it behave more like the Clone Stamp tool (in
that it doesn‟t
automatically try to blend the source and destination), and blends noise more effectively while cloning.

• You can use the Healing Brush and Patch tool between two open documents. Simply Option (Mac) / Alt (Win) -click
in the source document
and then clone in the destination document.

• To save on file size and increase speed and flexibility, instead of duplicating a layer, try using the Spot Healing
Brush and Healing Brush
tool on blank layers (simply check “Sample All Layers” in the Options bar).

• To modify a selection while using the Patch tool, hold down the Shift key to add to the selection and/or the Option
(Mac) / Alt (Win) keyto subtract - just like the other selection tools.

History & Art History Brush Tools (y)

• Try experimenting with a very small brush size to maintain detail when using the Art History Brush. You can also
play around with the spacing of the brush (found on the Brushes palette in the Brush Tip Shape area) to
produce more interesting effects.

• Both the History and Art History brushes sample information from the currently targeted state in the History palette.

Eraser, Background Eraser, & Magic Eraser Tools (e)

• Holding the Option (Mac) / Alt (Win) with the Eraser tool will erase with history.

• The Eraser tool has a “Block” option which gives you a eraser in the shape of a square. What‟s unique is that when
you zoom in and out on the image and use the tool, it erases a certain portion of the screen - regardless of
the zoom. Give it a try and you‟ll see what I mean.

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Change pixels to transparent with the Background Eraser tool

The Background Eraser tool erases pixels on a layer to transparency as you drag; this allows you to erase
the background while maintaining the edges of an object in the foreground. By specifying different sampling and
tolerance options, you can control the range of the transparency and the sharpness of the boundaries.

Change similar pixels with the Magic Eraser tool

When you click in a layer with the Magic Eraser tool, the tool changes all similar pixels to transparent. If
you‟re working in a layer with locked transparency, the pixels change to the background color. If you click in the
background, it is converted to a layer and all similar pixels change to transparent.

Gradient & Paint Bucket Tools (g)

• Be sure to check “dither” on in the options bar if you want to minimize banding over long gradients.

• The Paint Bucket has two additional blend modes: “behind” for filling transparent images, and “clear” for erasing
based on the color clicked on (similar to the Magic Wand tool).

• With the Paint Bucket, you can choose to fill with the Foreground color or with a Pattern using the Fill options in the
Options bar (although for more flexibility, you might want to try filling using a Layer Effect).

• While using the Gradient tool:

„,‟ (comma) or „.‟ (period) goes to previous or next gradient in the gradient presets
„,‟ (comma) or „.‟ (period) + Shift goes to first or last gradient in list
„[„ (right bracket) or „]‟ (left bracket) goes to previous or next gradient style (linear, radial, etc.)

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Blur, Sharpen, & Smudge Tools (r)

• Holding the Option (Mac) / Alt (Win) with the Sharpen tool swaps it to the Blur tool and vice versa.

• To smudge with the foreground color instead of the colors in the image, hold the Option (Mac) / Alt (Win) key.

Dodge, Burn, & Sponge Tools (o)

• In my experience, I‟ve found that these tools work much better if you set them to a low opacity (like 3%) and then
make multiple strokes
to build up the effect.

• Holding the Option (Mac) / Alt (Win) with the Dodge tool swaps it to the Burn tool and vice versa.

Common Shortcuts for Vector Tools

One of the most important things to realize when you‟re using the Pen and Shape tools is that they can all work in
one of three modes. Use the first three icons in the Options bar to determine if you‟re going to create a shape layer,
path or filled pixel region. The Pen and Shape tools can also have a style applied so if you‟re not getting what you
think you should be, make sure that the Style icon (in the Options Bar) is set to
“No Style”.

Hand Tool (h)

• Double clicking on the Hand tool is the same as selecting View > Fit on Screen.

• Checking the Scroll All Windows option will scroll (or pan) all open documents at once.

• Holding the spacebar, with the hand tool selected, will temporarily turn on the Scroll all Windows option.

• Holding down the spacebar (while most other tools are selected) will temporarily give you the Hand tool.

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Zoom Tool (z)

• Double clicking the Zoom tool will display the image at 100%.

• Option (Mac) / Alt (Win) + spacebar will temporarily give you the Zoom out tool while another tool is selected.

• Command (Mac) / Control (Win) + spacebar will temporarily give you the Zoom in tool while another tool is selected.

• Checking the Zoom All Windows option will zoom all open documents at one time.

• Holding the spacebar, with the Zoom tool selected, will temporarily turn on the Zoom all Windows option.

• Command (Mac) / Control (Win) “+” (plus) will zoom in, Command (Mac) / Control (Win) “-” (minus) will zoom out.
Adding the Option
(Mac) / Alt (Win) key will toggles the resizing of the windows.

Color Swatches

• “X” exchanges the foreground and background colors.

• “D” sets the background/foreground colors to black/white.

Quick Mask (q)

• Double click on the quick mask icon to access the Quick Mask Options dialog box to change color and transparency
options.

• Option (Mac)/ Alt (Win) -click on the Quick Mask icon to invert the selection when entering Quick Mask mode.

Screen Modes (f)

• “F” cycles down through the list of Screen Modes. Shift + F cycles in reverse.

• Shift-click on the icons in the tool bar for “Full Screen Mode with Menu bar” or “Full Screen Mode” to force all open
documents into whichever “Mode” icon is clicked on.

• To change the color of the background that is displayed in “Full Screen Mode with Menu Bar,” or “Full Screen Mode”
select the desired color as the foreground color (in the tool bar) and Shift-click with the Paint Bucket tool in
the gray area.

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Layers

Photoshop layers are like sheets of stacked acetate. You can see through transparent areas of a layer to the
layers below. You move a layer to position the content on the layer, like sliding a sheet of acetate in a stack. You can
also change the opacity of a layer to make content partially transparent.

Opacity

Sets the transparency of color you apply. As you paint over an area, the opacity will not exceed the set level
nomatter howmany times youmove the pointer over the area, until you release themouse button. If you stroke over
the area again, you will apply additional color, equivalent to the set opacity. Opacity of 100 percent is opaque.

Drawing shapes and paths

Drawing in Adobe Photoshop CS3 involves creating vector shapes and paths. In Photoshop, you can draw
with any of the shape tools, the Pen tool, or the Freeform Pen tool. Options for each tool are available in the options
bar. Before you begin drawing in Photoshop, you must choose a drawing mode from the options bar. The mode you
choose to draw in determines whether you create a vector shape on its own layer, a work path on an existing layer,
or a rasterized shape on an existing layer.

Pen tools

Photoshop provides multiple Pen tools. The standard Pen tool draws with the greatest precision; the
Freeform Pen tool draws paths as if you were drawing with pencil on paper, and the magnetic pen option lets you
draw a path that snaps to the edges of defined areas in your image. You can use the pen tools in conjunction with the
shape tools to
create complex shapes.

Creating type/text

About type/text and type layers

When you create type, a new type layer is added to the Layers palette.
Important: Type layers aren’t created for images inMultichannel, Bitmap, or Indexed Color mode, because thesemodes
don’t support layers. In these modes, type appears on the background as rasterized text.
After you create a type layer, you can edit the type and apply layer commands to it.

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Save changes to the current file

❖ Choose File > Save.

Save a file with a different name, location, or format

1 Choose File > Save As.

Note: The Camera Raw plug-in can save camera raw image files in a different file format, such as Digital Negative
(DNG).

2 Choose a format from the Format menu.

Note: If you choose a format that does not support all the features of the document, a warning will appear at the bottom
of the dialog box. If you see this warning, it’s best to save a copy of the file in Photoshop format or in another format that
supports all of the image data.

3 Specify a filename and location.

4 In the Save As dialog box, select saving options.

5 Click Save.

A dialog box appears for choosing options when saving in some image formats.

To copy an image without saving it to your hard disk, use the Duplicate command. To store a temporary version of
the image in memory, use the History palette to create a snapshot.

File saving options

You can set a variety of file saving options in the Save As dialog box. The availability of options depends on the image
you are saving and the selected file format. If you have Version Cue enabled, additional options are available, such as
the ability to save an alternate file and enter version comments.
As A Copy Saves a copy of the file while keeping the current file open on your desktop.

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