CE 6403 APPLIED HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

UNIT - IV
TURBINES

Impact of Jet on vanes - Turbines - Classification - Reaction

turbines - Francis turbine, Radial flow turbines, draft tube and
cavitation - Propeller and Kaplan turbines - Impulse turbine –
Performance of turbine - Specific speed - Runaway speed -
Similarity laws.

BY.
MR.KUMAR.G M.E. STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
SRI VENKATESWARA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SRIPERUMBUDUR – 602 117
1. A pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 10 metres per second with a jet
of water flowing at the rate of 700 litres / sec under a head of 30 metres. The
buckets deflect the jet through an angle of 1600. calculate the power given
by water to the runner and the hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Assume
co – efficient of velocity as 0.98.
Given data
Speed of bucket u = u1 = u2 = 10 m / sec
Discharge ( Q ) = 700 Litres / sec = 700 / 1000 m³ / sec = 0.7 m³ / sec
Head of water ( H ) = 30 m
Angle of deflection = 160 0
Bucket angle ( ϕ ) = 1800 - 1600 = 200
Co – efficient of Velocity (Cv) =0.98

Solution
The velocity of jet Shape of Bucket

V1 = C v 2× g × H

V1 = 0 .98 2 × 9 .81 × 30
 V1 = 23 . 776 m / sec
Velocity Triangles and work done for pelton wheel

Vr1 = V1 - u1
= 23.776 – 10 = 13.776 m / sec
Vw1 = V1 = 23.776 m / sec

From outlet Velocity Triangle Shape of Bucket

Vr2 = Vr1 = 13.776 m / sec
cos ϕ = { ( u2 + Vw2 ) / Vr2 }
cos 200 = { ( 10 + Vw2 ) / 13.776 }
Vw2 = ( cos 200 x 13.776 – 10 )
Vw2 = ( 12.945 – 10 )
Vw2 = 2.945 m /sec

Power given to the runner by the jet P =

ρ × av 1 [V w 1 + V w 2 ]× u
av1 = Q
1000
1000 × 0 .7 [23 .776 + 2 .945 ]× 10
P=
1000
187047
P = = 187 . 047 kW
1000
Hydraulic Efficiency 2 [V w 1 + V w 2 ]× u
η h =
[V 1 ]2
2 [23 . 776 + 2 . 945 ]× 10
η h =
[23 . 776 ]2
η h = 0 . 94538 × 100

η h = 94 . 538 %

Answer

* Power given to the runner by the jet

P = 187 .047 kW
* Hydraulic Efficiency
η h = 94 . 538 %
2. A pelton wheel has a mean bucket speed of 12 m / sec and supplied with
water at rate of 0.7 m³ / sec under a head of 300 m. If the buckets deflect the
jet through an angle of 1600. Find the power developed and hydraulic
efficiency of the turbine.

Given data

Bucket speed u = 12 m / sec

Discharge ( Q ) = 0.7 m³ / sec
Head of water ( H ) = 300 m Shape of Bucket
Angle of deflection = 160 0
Bucket angle ( ϕ ) = 1800 - 1600 = 200

Note
Co – efficient of Velocity ( Cv ) = 0.98 (or) 0.99
Speed ratio ( Ku ) = 0.43 to 0.48
Solution
Assume Speed ratio ( Ku ) = 0.45
Velocity of Wheel u = Ku x V1
Velocity of Jet V1 = u / Ku = ( 12 / 0.45 ) = 26.667 m / sec

Power developed P = u [V1 − u ][1 + cos φ ]

[
P = 12 [26 . 667 − 12 ]1 + cos 20 o ]
P = 176 . 004 × 1 . 940
P = 341 . 448 kW

Hydraulic Efficiency 2 u [V 1 − u ][1 + cos φ ]

η h =
[V 1 ]2

2 P 2 × 341 . 448
η h = η =
[V 1 ]2 h
[26 . 667 ]2
η h = 0 . 96030 × 100

η h = 96 . 030 %
Answer

* Power developed P = 341 . 448 kW

•Hydraulic Efficiency η h = 96 . 030 %
3. A pelton wheel is having a mean bucket diameter of 1 m and is running at
1000 rpm. The net head on the pelton wheel is 700 m. If the side clearance angle
is 150 and discharge through nozzle is 0.1 m³ / sec. Find ( i ) Power available at
the nozzle and ( ii ) Hydraulic efficiency of the turbine. Take Cv = 1.
Given data

Diameter of wheel (D) = 1 m

Speed of wheel ( N ) = 1000 rpm
Net Head on turbine ( H ) = 700 m
Side clearance angle ( ϕ ) = 150
Discharge ( Q ) = 0.1 m³ / sec
Co – efficient of Velocity ( Cv ) = 1
Solution
( i ) Power available at the nozzle W × H
W .P =
1000
ρ × g × Q × H
W .P =
1000
1000 × 9 . 81 × 0 . 1 × 700
W .P =
1000

W . P = 686 . 7 kW
The velocity of jet V1 = C 2 × g × H
v

V1 = 1 2 × 9 . 81 × 700
V 1 = 117 . 192 m / sec

Tangential velocity of the wheel u = ( π x D x N ) / 60

u = ( π x 1 x 1000 ) / 60
u = 52.360 m / sec
( ii ) Hydraulic Efficiency
η =
2 u [V 1 − u ][1 + cos φ ]
h
[V 1 ]2

ηh =
[
2 × 52 . 360 [117 . 192 − 52 . 360 ]1 + cos 15 o ]
[117 . 192 ]2
6789 . 207 × 1 . 966
ηh =
[117 . 192 ]2
η h = 0.97187 × 100
η h = 97 . 187 %

Answer

* Power available at the nozzle W .P = 686 .7 kW

* Hydraulic Efficiency η h = 97 . 187 %
Design of Pelton wheel means the following data to be determined

1. Diameter of the jet ( d )

2. Diameter of the wheel ( D ) is given by π ×D×N or 60 × u

u = D =
60 π × N

size of bucket means width and depth of bucket

3.Width of the bucket = 5 x d

4. Depth of the bucket = 1.2 x d, where d is the diameter of jet.

5. No. of buckets on the wheel is given by D

z = 15 +
2d

D Diameterof wheel
where = m = jetratio =
d Diameterof jet
4. A pelton wheel turbine is to be designed for a head to 60 m when running at
200 rpm. The pelton wheel develops 95 kW shaft power. The velocity of the
buckets = 0.45 times the velocity of the jet, overall efficiency of 0.85 and
coefficient of velocity is equal to 0.98.
Given data
Head ( H ) = 60 m

Speed ( N ) = 200 rpm

Shaft Power = 95 kW = 95000 W

u1, u2, u = Velocity of bucket at inlet and outlet or velocity of wheel

π ×D×N
u1 = u 2 = u =
60
u1 = u2 = u = 0.45×V1
Overall Efficiency η o = 0 . 85
Co – efficient of Velocity ( Cv ) = 0.98
Solution
The velocity of jet
V1 = C v 2 × g × H

V 1 = 0 . 98 2 × 9 . 81 × 60
V 1 = 33 . 624 m / sec
u 1 = u 2 = u = 0 . 45 × V 1
u1 = u 2 = u = 0.45 × 33 .624
u1 = u 2 = u = 15 .131m / sec
Then π ×D×N 60 × u
u = , D =
60 π × N
60 × 15 . 131
D =
π × 200

D = 1.445 m = diameterof wheel

 Shaftpower
η o =
Waterpower
Shaftpower
η o =
ρ × g × Q × H
95000
0 . 85 =
1000 × 9 . 81 × Q × 60
95000
Q =
1000 × 9 . 81 × 0 . 85 × 60
3
Q = 0 . 190 m / sec
Q = Areaofjet × Velocityof jet
2
π × d
0 . 190 = × V 1
4
2
π × d
0 . 190 = × 33 . 624
4
 0 . 190 × 4 2
= d
π × 33 . 624
d = 0 .085 m = diameterof jet
Width of the bucket = 5 x d
= 5 x 0.085
Width of the bucket = 0.425 m

Depth of the bucket = 1.2 x d

= 1.2 x 0.085
Depth of the bucket = 0.102 m

Number of buckets D
z = 15 +
2 d
1 . 445
z = 15 +
2 × 0 . 085
z = 23 .5
z = 24 = Numberofbuckets