Joan M.

Curameng October 23, 2018

BSN I-A October 29, 2018

Experiment no. 4

Buffers
I. Introduction
A pH is used in everyday life as well as science and industry. It's used in
cooking (e.g., reacting baking powder and an acid to make baked goods rise), to
design cocktails, in cleaners, and in food preservation. It's important in pool
maintenance and water purification, agriculture, medicine, chemistry, engineering,
oceanography, biology, and other sciences.
A buffer is an aqueous solution that has a highly stable pH. If you add an
acid or a base to a buffered solution, its pH will not change significantly.
Similarly, adding water to a buffer or allowing water to evaporate will not change
the pH of a buffer.
A buffer is made by mixing a large volume of a weak acid or weak base
together with its conjugate. A weak acid and its conjugate base can remain in
solution without neutralizing each other. The same is true for a weak base and its
conjugate acid.
When hydrogen ions are added to a buffer, they will be neutralized by the
base in the buffer. Hydroxide ions will be neutralized by the acid. These
neutralization reactions will not have much effect on the overall pH of the buffer
solution.
A measure of acidity or alkalinity of water soluble substances (pH stands
for 'potential of Hydrogen'). A pH value is a number from 1 to 14, with 7 as the
middle (neutral) point. Values below 7 indicate acidity which increases as the
number decreases, 1 being the most acidic. Values above 7 indicate alkalinity
which increases as the number increases, 14 being the most alkaline.

I.1 Objectives
These are the different things that the students will know after the experiment:
1. What are buffers and how they are being prepared.
2. The mechanism of buffering.
3. The different pH of different methods associated with buffers.
4. The changing of pH from the different methods being performed.
II. Flowchart
 III. Data and Results
Following the given flowchart on Buffer experiment, we have listed the
difference of pH for each buffers named Buffer 1 and Buffer 2 with the outcome
on the different methods being performed. Figures shown below and table for the
overall result.
Table 1
Buffers

mL NaOH

mL NaOH

mL NaOH
Computed

pH with 3

pH with 3

pH with 3
indicators

indicators
NaCl and
pH paper

pH of 15
pH after
pH with

pH with

pH with

pH with
distilled

without
heating

heating
water
NaCl

mL
pH

pH
1 3.6 4 3 3 4 3 3 3 3 4 4.5 4.5
2 8.0 8 7 8 8.5 8 8 8 8 10 11 12

Figure no. 1 Computed pH of buffers Figure no. 2 pH paper of buffers

Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2 Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2

Figure no. 3 pH with indicators of buffers Figure no. 4 pH of buffers with NaCl

Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2

Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2
Figure no. 5 pH of buffers with NaCl & indicators Figure no. 6 pH of buffers with dH20

Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2

Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2

Figure no. 7 pH of buffers without heating Figure no. 8 pH of buffers after heating

Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2 Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2

Figure no. 9 pH of 15 mL of buffers

Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2

Figure no. 10 pH of buffers with 3 mL NaOH Figure no. 11 pH of buffers with 3 mL NaOH

Buffer no. 1

Buffer no. 2 Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2

Figure no. 12 pH of buffers with 3 mL NaOH

Buffer no. 1 Buffer no. 2

IV. Discussion and Conclusion
From all the data obtained above with different methods there are different
outcomes from pH scale.
For buffer no. 1 which is a combination of solutions CH3COOH and
NaCH3COO has a 3.6 computed pH which is a substance of wine while for buffer
no. 2 which is a combination of solutions NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4 has an 8.0
computed pH which is a substance of not close enough to seawater. However,
buffer no. 1 in result to pH paper has a 4 pH scale which can be a substance of not
close enough to black coffee while buffer no. 2 remained with its capacity of 8 pH
scale. When adding bromothymol blue to buffer no. 1 its pH goes to 3 which is a
substance of soda while when adding phenol red to buffer no.2 its pH goes to 7
which is a substance of pure water. Trying to add NaCl to each of the buffers,
buffer no. 1 pH scale is 3 while buffer no. 2 pH scale is 8. With the NaCl added to
each buffers, buffer no. 1 has bromothymol that’s been added and its pH scale is 4
which is close to substance of wine and black coffee while buffer no. 2 has phenol
red that’s been added has a pH scale of 8.5 which is a substance of seawater. Prior
to adding distilled water, before heating and after heating each of the buffers and
buffers with 15 mL each, have the same pH which is for buffer no. 1 is 3 and
buffer no. 2 is 8. Prior to adding 3 mL of NaOH to each buffers, buffer no. 1 pH
goes to 4 and buffer no. 2 goes to 10 which is a substance close enough to milk of
magnesium. Adding again 3 mL of NaOH to each of the buffers, buffer no. 1 pH
has a pH scale of 4.5 while buffer no. 2 has a pH scale of 11 which is a substance
not close enough to milk of magnesia. Adding again for the 3rd time of 3 mL
NaOH to each of the buffers, buffer no.1 remained as 4.5 in pH scale while buffer
no. 2 has a pH scale of 12 which is close enough to ammonia solution.
This is the table used for determining what’s substance corresponds to
each pH of the 2 buffers as determined with the given methods for experiment.
V. References
https://www.thoughtco.com/buffers-in-acid-based-chemistry-603647
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/pH-scale.html
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-ph-in-chemistry-604605
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-chemistry/s16-06-the-ph-
scale.html