Paper Cutting Machine

Abstract
Our project is about Paper cutting and rewinding machine. We analyzed different components of the
machine and selected suitable materials. We incorporated two gears in this machine for the ease of
rewinding the paper. The paper will be cut from centre by using a cutter that is attached at the middle of
the machine. This machine can cut paper up to a size of 0.5 meter.

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Paper Cutting Machine

Contents
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
1. Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Methodology......................................................................................................................................... 4
3. Calculations........................................................................................................................................... 4
 Pulley: ........................................................................................................................................... 4
 Stepped Shaft: .............................................................................................................................. 8
 Hollow Shaft: .............................................................................................................................. 12
 Solid Shaft ................................................................................................................................... 13
 Gear: ........................................................................................................................................... 14
 Bearing: ....................................................................................................................................... 17

Table of Figures

Figure 1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 2 ......................................................................................................................................................... 3
Figure 3 ......................................................................................................................................................... 4
Figure 4 ......................................................................................................................................................... 5
Figure 5 ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 6 ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 7 ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 8 ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 9 ......................................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 10 ....................................................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 11 ..................................................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 12 ..................................................................................................................................................... 18
Figure 13 ..................................................................................................................................................... 19

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Paper Cutting Machine

1. Introduction
A paper cutting machine is a tool that is used to cut the paper in equal sizes. Paper cutters, similar to those
of today, were patented in 1844 and 1852 by Guillaume Massiquot. They have been around since the late
1830s, when, in 1837, Thirault built a model with a fixed blade to a flat surface. Since the middle of the
19th century, considerable improvements have been made by Fomm and Krause of Germany, Furnival in
England, and Oswego and Seybold in the United States.

There are many paper cutting machines ranging from small to larger ones. Smaller ones can be used in
classrooms and offices. They have the simplest design and are very easy to use. It is shown below

Figure 1

In the modern paper industry, larger machines are used to cut large stacks of paper, cardboard, or similar
material. Such machines operate in a manner similar to a guillotine. Commercial versions are motorized
and automated, and include clamping mechanisms to prevent shifting of the material during the cutting
process. The one shown below is used to cut large stock of paper.

Figure 2

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Paper Cutting Machine

2. Methodology
The paper cutting machine design has improved over the years. We analyzed a simple cutting machine
which has shafts, bearings, pulleys and gears. In the design we choose we made a change to it. We added
gears on the two end shafts so the paper can be winded at one end of the machine easily. We did not used
idler because we want opposite direction for two gears. We used 1 hp induction motor and connected the
shaft of this motor to a pulley. The pulley which is connected to motor is then connected to a larger pulley
through a belt. We selected the belt type which will be used to connect two pulleys. We calculated the
number of belts which will be used to transmit the power from smaller to larger pulley. We selected a
suitable material for gears and shafts so it doesn’t get failed. We calculated different diameters for the
stepped shaft by using formulae. We used 2.5 factor of safety for shafts. We calculated bending and surface
stresses on the gears and calculated the safety factor corresponding to these stresses. We selected a bearing
which can endure the loads and speed of our shaft.

3. Calculations
 Pulley:

Figure 3

The smaller pulley is connected to motor and the larger pulley is connected to shaft on which pinion is
attached.

We are using an induction motor having 1440 rpm and 1 hp power.

We need to calculate the number of belts, for transmitting power to the larger pulley

𝐷out/𝐷in= Ѡin/Ѡout

200/75 = 1440/Ѡ2

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Paper Cutting Machine

Ѡ2= 540𝑟𝑝𝑚

The shaft on which the larger pulley is connected will have same rpm as the pulley

1ℎ𝑝 = 0.746 𝐾𝑊

𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑃) = 𝐹a (𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟)

𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑊 b= (𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ − 15)/1.10

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = 25 𝑚𝑚 = 0.984 𝑖𝑛

𝑊 b= 9.09 𝑚𝑚

Figure 4

Since we are using A.C motor and operational hours daily will be 10-16 and it is light duty so the correction
factor Fa=1.1,

𝑃 = 1.1 (0.746𝐾𝑊)

𝑃 = 0.8206 𝐾𝑊

We are using V-belts and in V-belts we have to select cross section of the belt so from table

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Paper Cutting Machine

Figure 5

Plotting a line for design power and speed of faster shaft we get the A section belts

Figure 6

These are the length we can use for A belt cross-section in our case we are using L=1250mm

Using Equation:

𝐿 = 2𝐶 + 1.57(𝐷 + 𝑑) + (𝐷 − 𝑑)2/4𝐶

Putting D=200mm and d=75mm

𝐶 = 404.17𝑚𝑚

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Paper Cutting Machine

Figure 7

Using this table we can see that when we use A cross-section belt and Length is 1250

𝐹c= 0.93

Arc of contact of Pulley;

𝛼 s= 180 − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛-1(𝐷 − 𝑑/2𝐶)

Using the value of D, d and C we get

𝛼 s= 162.20˚

Figure 8

Using the table we can see that Fd comes out to be 0.96 for our case

For speed ratio;

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Paper Cutting Machine

𝑉1= 𝑟1 Ѡ1= 37.5 × 1440 = 54000

𝑉2= 𝑟2 Ѡ2= 100 × 540 = 54000

The velocity ratio is 1.

Figure 9

In our case we are using 1440 rpm motor and pulley is 75 mm and speed ratio is 1

𝑃𝑟 = 0.91𝐾𝑊

Therefore the number of belts can be calculated by formulae

𝑃 × 𝐹𝑎
𝑁𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑒𝑙𝑡𝑠 =
𝑃𝑟 × 𝐹𝑐 × 𝐹𝑑

By putting the values;

No of belts=1.1 or 1 bel

 Stepped Shaft:

Figure 10

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Paper Cutting Machine

By using the formulae

𝑇 = 𝑃/Ѡ

Power supplied by the motor is 1 hp and the pulley is rotating at 540rpm

𝑖𝑛 − 𝑙𝑏/𝑠𝑒𝑑
1ℎ𝑝(6600 )
ℎ𝑝
𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠𝑒𝑐
540 × 2 × 3.141/60 𝑟𝑝𝑚

𝑇 = 116.73 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛

The pulley has the diameter 200m which is 7.87in and radius in 3.93in

𝐹 n= 𝑇/𝑟 = 116.73𝑙𝑏 − 𝑖𝑛/3.93𝑖𝑛 = 29.66 î 𝑙𝑏

𝐹 s= 1.5 𝐹 n

𝐹 s= 44.5î 𝑙𝑏

For gear forces;

𝐹 gtan= 𝑇/𝑟 = 116.73𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛/1.165 = −100.19ĵ 𝑙𝑏

𝐹 grad= 𝐹 g(𝑡𝑎𝑛25˚)

𝐹 grad= 46.7 î 𝑙𝑏

Taking the moment at R1

𝑅2× 𝑏 + 𝐹 g× 𝑝 + 𝐹 s× 𝑞 = 0

𝑅2= −0.139𝐹g−1.06𝐹s

Submission of forces in Y direction;

∑𝐹 y= 0

𝑅1+𝐹 g+𝐹 s+𝑅2= 0

𝑅1= −0.861 𝐹g+0.06 𝐹s

By putting the values of Fg and Fs in x and y direction we get;

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Paper Cutting Machine

𝑅1x= −37.53 𝑙𝑏

𝑅2x= −53.66 𝑙𝑏

𝑅2y= 13.9 𝑙𝑏

𝑅1y= 86.26 𝑙𝑏

Now we want to find the diameter at the place where gear is attached;

At z=8.86in

Using singularity functions;

𝑀 = 𝑅1(𝑧 − 3.93) + 𝐹 g(𝑧 − 8.86) + 𝑅2(𝑧 − 39.335) + 𝐹 s(𝑧 − 41.822)

For finding the diameter at A;

At z=8.86 in

Moment in X- direction;

Using the value of R1x,Fgx,R2x and Fsx

𝑀x= −37.53(8.86 − 3.93) + 0 − 53.66(8.86 − 39.335) + 44.5(8.86 − 41.82)

Mx=1756 lb.in

Moment in Y-direction;

Using the value of R1y, Fgy, R2y and Fsy

𝑀y= −53.66(8.86 − 3.93) + 13.9(8.86 − 39.335) + 0 + 0

𝑀y= 79.5 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛

𝑀2= 𝑀x2+𝑀y2

𝑀 = 1757.7 𝑙𝑏

Assuming 𝐾 fsm= 1

Cold rolled steel SAE 1020 which has Sut=65kpsi and Sy=38kpsi

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Paper Cutting Machine

Calculating

𝑆e'= 0.5 𝑆ut= 0.5(65000) = 32500 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑆𝑒 = 𝐶 load𝐶 size𝐶 surf𝐶 temp𝐶 relaib 𝑆𝑒′

𝐶 load= 1

𝐶 size= 1

𝐶 surf= 𝐴 (Sut) = 2.7 (65) − .265 = 0.84

𝐶 relaib= 1 (50% 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦)

𝐶 temp= 1 (𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑)

𝑆𝑒 = (1)(1)(0.84)(1)(1)(32500) = 27300 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑞 = 1/1 + √𝑎/√𝑟

Neuber’s constant at Sut=65 ksi √𝑎=0.1005 and r= 0.01

Then q comes out to be

q=0.5

Assuming kt=4

𝐾 f= 1 + 𝑞(𝑘t−1) = 1 + 0.5(4 − 1) = 2.5

𝑁f= 2.5

𝑇 = 𝑇m= 116.73 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛

Putting value in equation

d1=1.60 in

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Paper Cutting Machine

For bearing do the same steps and at z=39.33 in

𝑀x= 102.59 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛

𝑀y= 0.4053

𝑑2= 0.67 𝑖𝑛

At start of pulley evaluate at z=41.33 in

𝑀x= 13.78 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛

𝑀y= 0.342

𝑑3= 0.57 𝑖𝑛

At halfway of pulley at z=41.822 in

𝑑4= 0.56 𝑖𝑛

 Hollow Shaft:
The roll A is designed in such a way that it has a hollow shaft welded with a solid shaft by attaching a
circular plate to solid shaft. The roll A is subjected to fluctuating load combined shock and fatigue factors
will be multiplied with it.

The hollow shaft has the length of 700 mm so the weight of paper acts centrally on the shaft. We assume
a load of 10kg of paper and the force becomes=98.1N

For bending moment;

𝑀b= 350𝑚𝑚 × 98.1𝑁

𝑀b= 34445 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

For torsional moment;

𝑀t= 60 × 𝑃/2𝜋𝑁

𝑀t= 60 × 746/2𝜋540

𝑀t= 13194.6 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

The maximum shear stress can be calculated by formulae

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Paper Cutting Machine

𝜏max= 𝑆ys/𝐹. 𝑆

we are using a factor of safety 2.5 for the shafts and we know that Sys=0.60Sut

𝑆ut= 65 𝑘𝑝𝑠𝑖 = 448𝑀𝑝𝑎 = 448𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

𝜏max= 107.52 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

So we now calculate the design shear stress by formulae

𝜏design= 16/𝜋𝑑𝑜3(1 − 𝐶 4) × (𝐾 b𝑀B= 𝑏 + 𝐾 t𝑀t)1/2

Do=40.64 mm (calculated from the stepped shaft) and C=0.90 (assumption)

Since the shaft is revolving

Using Kb for minor shock load=1.5 and Kt=1

Putting values

τdesign=11.73 N/mm2 (so the shaft will not fail on the applied load which we assumed)

 Solid Shaft:

The length of the solid shaft that is welded to the circular plate is 200mm

So bending moment of these solid shafts will be

𝑀b= 200 × 98.1

𝑀b= 19620 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

The torsional moment will be same as of the hollow shaft

𝑀t= 13194.6 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

We again calculate the shear stress

𝜏design= 16/𝑑3× (𝐾 b𝑀B= 𝑏 + 𝐾 t𝑀t)1/2

𝜏design= 33.33 𝑁/𝑚𝑚2

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Paper Cutting Machine

 Gear:

Figure 11

𝑃d= 6

Փ = 25˚

𝑁p= 14 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ

𝑚G= 3.5

𝑁g= 𝑚G 𝑁p= 49 𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑡ℎ

𝑇𝑝 = 𝑇 = 𝑇m= 116.73 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛

𝑇g= 𝑚g𝑇p

𝑇g= 408.55 𝑙𝑏. 𝑖𝑛

𝑑p= 𝑁p/𝑝d= 2.33 𝑖𝑛

𝑑g= 𝑁g/𝑝d= 8.17 𝑖𝑛

𝑊 t= 𝑇p/𝑑p/2 = 100.19 𝑙𝑏

𝑊 r= 𝑊 t(𝑇𝑎𝑛25˚) = 46.7 𝑙𝑏

𝑊 = 𝑊 t/𝑐𝑜𝑠Փ = 110 𝑙𝑏

𝑊 talter= 𝑊t/2 = 55 𝑙𝑏

𝑊 tmean= 𝑊 t/2 = 55 𝑙𝑏

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Paper Cutting Machine

𝐹 = 12/𝑃d≅ 12/6 = 2𝑖𝑛

𝑉t= 𝑑pѠp/2 = 329.3 𝑓𝑡/𝑚𝑖𝑛

𝐵 = (12 − 𝑄v)2/3/4

Assuming Qv=6

𝐵 = 0.826

𝐴 = 50 + 56(1 − 𝐵)

𝐴 = 59.745

𝐾 v= (𝐴/𝐴 + √𝑉𝑡)𝐵

𝐾 v= 0.8032

𝐾 s, 𝐾B, 𝐾 I, 𝐾 a= 1

𝐾 m= 1.6

From the table 11.13 for HPSTC loading

We calculate Jpin=0.34 and Jgear=0.46

𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑏𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑊𝑡𝑃𝑑𝐾𝑎𝐾𝑚𝐾𝑠𝐾𝑏𝐾𝐼
𝜎 b=
𝐹𝐽𝐾𝑣

Using this equation to find stresses in pinion and gear

𝜎bp= 1761 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝜎bg= 1301.6 𝑝𝑠𝑖

For surface stresses

𝜎𝑐 = 𝐶𝑝√(𝑊𝑡𝐶𝑎𝐶𝑚𝐶𝑠𝐶𝑓 ÷ 𝐹𝐼𝑑𝐶𝑣)

𝐶 v= 0.8032

𝐶 a= 1

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Paper Cutting Machine

𝐶 m= 1.6

𝐶 s= 1

𝐶 f= 1

Choosing steel material and form table 11.18 of book Cp=2300 psi

𝐼 = 𝐼𝑝𝑔

𝑟1= 𝑟p 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟2= 𝑟g

Using equation 11.22(b) and 11.22 (a) of the book with xp=0

ρ1=0.338 in and ρ2=2.21 in

Ipg=0.114

By using surface stresses equation

𝜎c= 44.5 𝑘𝑝𝑠𝑖

As our pinion speed was ;

𝑁 = 540 𝑟𝑝𝑚(60𝑚𝑖𝑛/ℎ𝑟)(2080ℎ𝑟/𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡 − 𝑦𝑟)(5𝑦𝑟)(1𝑠ℎ𝑖𝑓𝑡)

𝑁 = 3.36 × 108𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠

We need gear for commercial application so from figure 11.24 we chose line

𝐾𝐿 = 1.3558𝑁-0.0178

𝐾 L= 0.955

Our conditions are at room temperature;

KT=1

Using Grade 1 and through hardened to 180 HB

From figure 11.25 in the book

Using equation;

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Paper Cutting Machine

𝑆fb'= −274 + 167𝐻𝐵 − 0.152𝐻𝐵2

𝑆fb'= 24861.2 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑆fb= 𝐾 L 𝑆fb'/𝐾 T𝐾 R

𝑆fb= 23742.4 𝑝𝑠𝑖

From figure 11.26 using equation

𝐶 L= 1.4488𝑁-0.023

𝐶 L= 0.9223

From figure 11.27 Grade 1 and through hardened to 180HB

𝑆fc'= 26000 + 327𝐻𝐵

𝑆fc'= 84860 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑆fc= 𝐶 L𝐶 H𝑆fb'/𝐶 T𝐶 R

CT,CR,are same as KT,KR

CH=1 because gear and pinion have same material

𝑆fc= 78266.3 𝑝𝑠𝑖

𝑁bpin= 𝑆fb/ 𝜎bp= 13.48

𝑁bgear= 𝑆fb/ 𝜎bg= 18.2

𝑁cpin-gear= (𝑆fc/ 𝜎cpin-gear)2= 3.09

 Bearing:
Diameter at point C=0.67in=17.018 mm

Using bearing no 6304 having bore 20mm and C=3000lb and SL=14000

R1=94.07 lb and R2=55.43 lb

Using equation;

𝐿 = (𝐶/𝑃)3

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Paper Cutting Machine

Putting values For R1=P

𝐿 = (3000/94.07)3

𝐿 = 32.43 × 103 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑟𝑒𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝐿 = 32 × 109 𝑟𝑒v

Putting values for R2=P

𝐿 = (3000/55.43)3

𝐿 = 158 × 1012 𝑟𝑒𝑣

This bearing is suitable because for our case the shaft is only rotating at 540 rpm

Sample Design

Figure 12

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Paper Cutting Machine

CREO Parametric Layout

Figure 13

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