epsor2018 Grounding Transformers - Electrical Design, Transformer Design, ane Distbuion Transformer Design [Searoh EzneAricls com | [Search ‘ Ezine 4 yg, iclés rticlés, Grounding Transformers - Electrical Design, Transformer Design, and Distribution Transformer Design By Mie Dickinson | Submited On September 02,2009 o 1. Grounding is clearly one ofthe most important aspeets of electca design, butt stcafastly continues tobe misinterpreted and misundetstood. Milons of dla in Habit and os am be tributed to groud-fal arcing: thus, groundng-elated issues should tp the checklists of any lecrcl contrat. Grounding Transformers: ‘Simply pr grounding transformer i set provide aground pat either an ungrounded "Y" ora deta connected sytem. Grounding transformers are typically sed 1. Provide a relatively lw impedance patho ground, herby maintaining the system neta ator near ground potential 2 Limit the magnitude of waren ovr voliages when re-sking ground aus oceut 5. Provide soure of round fal cureat during ine-o-ground futs 4 Pormitthe connection of pase to neta loads when desived fa single line-o-ground fou occurs onan ungrounded o isolated system, no retum pa exists forthe fault curent,tus no cunt fows. The stm wil continue to ‘operate but the other two w-fulod lines will ein voltage by the square oot o 3, resulting in oversuesing of the transformer isulaton and fhe associated ‘omponens on the system by 173%, MOV lightning sresters ae patcullywusceptibeto damage from Nesting by leskage son the blocks even if the vole increase is not sufficient to flash over. grounding transformer provides aground pat o prevent this. Large mul-urbine wind farms provide an example af the use of grounding transformers for fut protection on ungrounded lines. fn many wind farms the substation ‘wansformer provides the sole ground souce forthe dstibution system, When aground fault o a collector cable causes the substation crest near for that cable to ‘open, the wind turbine string becomes lated frm the ground source, ‘The tines do not always detect tis fault rte fact that he sing isolated and ungrounded; thus the genertrs continue to energize the eoletor cable, andthe voltages Between the sted cables andthe ground rise fi shove the noma voltage magne as desonbed above. A gromding transformer placed an the rine string provides aground path inthe event the sting becomes isolated fom the system ground. Construction: Grounding transformers are normally constructed ihe with 1. A Zigzag Zn) connected winding with or without an auxiliary winding or 2. Asal Wye (Ynd) connected winding with a dla connected secondary tat may or may aot be used o supply aula power “The geomety ofthe Zig-Zau connection i sel limit eiculaton of hind harmonies and can be wed without a Deka connected winding othe 4 or S-leg cor design somal uscd fr this purpose in disubution and power vansformes. imitating the nocd for asceondary winding can take this option both es expensive and ‘sll than a comparable two-svinding grounding tansformer. Furthermore, se ofa Zig-Zag transformer provides grounding wh smaller nit than a wo-winding ‘Wye-Deta taser proviiag the same to sequcuce impedance \Wye connected grounding transformers om the ater hand regu either a dela connected secondary or the application of oS leg ore consrction to provide a rere ‘ux path for unbalanced loading associated wth tis primary connostion, Sine it often desirable o provide auxiliary power frm the grounding tasformersecendary ‘winding, hie beni can sry te end sero specify a wo-winding growing tansfrme in ie of a Zig-Zag conection, The caren end in wind arm designs is toward the Wye connected primary with «dea secondary Its important to understand that both Zig-Zag and wo-winding grounding transformers canbe provided with he ability to provide auxiliary power, and this an be cathe a Wye or Delta connected load A solidly grounded system using a grounding transformer offers many sty improvements over an ungrounded syste. However, te ground transformer alone lacks 357595 18 htpezineartces.com/?Grounding-Transformers-~Electrcal- Design, -Transformer-Design -and-Distibution-Transformer-Designsrs0/2014 Grounding Transformers - Electrical Design, Transformer Design, and Distribution Transformer Design the current imiting ability of resistive grounding syst. For his reson, neutral ground resistors ae often used in conjunction withthe grounding transformer to iit ‘neutral ground fail curren magnitude. Their ohm vals shouldbe specified to allow high enough ground fault eurrent lw to permit reliable operation of the protetive relaying equipment, but ow enough omit thermal damage, How to Specify a Grounding Transformer “The base parameters require for quoting a grounding transformer at: + Primary Voltage - Tiss the system voltage to which the grounded winding sto be connected. Dost forget to specify the BIL also In some cass the BIL wi ‘ue ditted by equipment considerations, such a 150 LV BIL ratings an 34S00 volt wind farms Because ofthe lmiation on dead fot connects ‘+ Rated KA” Because the grounding transformers normally a shor time device, its size and cost are es when compared with a continuous duty transformer of ‘gual RVA rating Fr this reason, grounding transformers are often nat sia by "kVA bat by thee continuous and short ime current ratings. Regards of hoe ‘you ae it the grounding transformer must be sized to cary the rte continuous primary phase current without exceeding its temperature lit. This lead lnclues the magntiingcutet of te core, the eapaciive charging cute forthe cables, and ay sui Toad saplicable. Tae higher this value, the ager snd more costly the transformer wil be. Typical comtinuods current vals canbe 9 low ge S amps to a high a @ few bundod, He sur a incl enyauiary wading requirements. + Continuous Neutral Current The continuous neutral curent is define as three times the phase to current or in other words, the zero sequence current. This is ‘usually considered tobe 2eo i the system is balanced, However, fr the purposes of designing a grounding ransformet fe that is expected to flow in ‘the neta eet without pring protective crus (which wold fore the current to be zero) o te Iekgecuentt ground that snot asymmetrical Functon. Again this value is needed to design for thermal capacity ofthe grounding transformer + Fault current and duration - This vale is needed to eaculate the short time heating that results fom a fault on the sytem and shouldbe determined from an ngincered system study. Typical values fr this range fom few hundeed amps toa few thoustd arpa with duration times expressed in seconds and not cycle Forinstanc, ava of 00 amps fr 10 seconds pis, The fot dation fete parametr forthe transformer designer Where protection schemes se ‘the grounding uansformer for wiping functions, elaively sor ime duration is pecfed (3-10 seconds). On the other hand, a comtiadous o extended neutal fault current duration would be reauired when the grounding tansfrme is used ina grow fal alarm scheme + Impedance - The impedance can be expressed 4 percentage or san oon vale er pee. In either cave it shouldbe chosen so that the un-faulted phase voltages during aground fal are within the temporary over-voltage capability ofthe transformer and associated equipment suchas arrester and ein connectors. Because ofthis description, the vals ean vary fom as lw as 8% 10 almost 100%. This value must come fom he system designe. Primary winding connection - Spevily the type of primary conection, ether Zig-Zag or grounded Wye ‘Secondary connection speci the sccondary voltage and connection wien applicable. Specify the size of anil fang to be connete fr ether Zn oe ‘Wye connected primary windings. the option sto have a two winding transformer with no secondary lad, advise if the delta winding can be "urd! (hat is ot brought out) ori ony ane bushing is tobe brought ut fr grounding tothe nk or esting. Basic overall construction features -not the following features as they apply to each transformer Compartment Padmount uansformer wit neural tamperproot compartment o substation design (Oxidoor or indoor Fluid rype- micro silicone, Envirotomp FR3 Connectivity dead fon, live fon, spade ermal, location of terminal cover o sidewall exposed or enelosed, et ‘Temperature rise is assumed tobe &C Site elevation or environmental cancers ‘Special paint a equied Neutral Ground Resistors The rated voliage ofthe NGR shouldbe equa othe line wo ground voltage ofthe grounding transformer. The curentrating snd duration ould mach the grounding vansformer ratings. Remember ost te eureat ating high enough wo be above te cable charg cura! and grounding wansTormer ‘magnetizing current Mike Dickinson began his caver in transformer industry in 1972 at Pacific Crest Transformers. Curetly Mike sin charge of Business Development at PCT. Pacific (Crest Transformers leader inthe design and constriction of distin wanstnomer Read more about uansfomss, grounding transformers and relate information at PCT. ‘Anicle Source: tp /Ezine Articles comexpert=Mike Dickinson 6 Ad Results for “Is transformer BIL level line to ground, line to line or line to core”: + Discount Transformer Line Top Transformer Line - top prices! Save up to 75% on Transformer sewtctranformeting BEST PRICE com + Transformer Line 70% Less Buy cheap Transformer Line & save. Compare offers at BEST-DEAL. com! + Level Lines Find Level L vovtargecom 1s Today. Shop Level Lines at Target.com. + Level Line Sale Up To 70% Off Level Line, Compare And Save. Teel inecompares.cm + LineLevel Line Level Search Now! Over 85 Million Visitors. ‘Sboutcom/Lne Level + Line Level '300-+ Home Improvement Choices, Save On Lime Level! ‘oolsahepancomt 2. 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