–

e
v
r

+
P

◊ =
pe
\

=
p
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 35

Ê ˆ
n ÁË ˜¯

fi
fi
fi

D ◊D ≥ p D ◊D ≥ p
   
36 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

ª
ª

= l m
l l
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 37

f+
  


fi a
a

-
=

=
38 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

-
\
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 39

s
s
s

s m m
m ª
m ª
40 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

m
◊t
m
t

Ê ˆ
ÁË ˜¯

m m m
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 41

mn
Mobility

mp

Impurity concentration

m
m μ

m μ

t
s

s m m

s m m
fi
42 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

s
m

Ê ˆ
m ◊ ÁË ˜¯

fi
s

fi
m m

ª
m m
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 43

◊ a

a fi

a
44 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

t
μ
μ

D t
D t

\
D
D

◊ π

Ds ◊ m t m t

Ê ˆ
ÁË ˜¯

Ê ˆ
ÁË ˜¯
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 45

D D t

D D t

Ds m t m t

D t
D

D
t

D t
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 47

A C
48 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

Ê ˆ Ê ˆ Ê ˆ
ÁË ˜¯ ÁË ˜¯ Á ˜
Ë ¯
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 49

Π+
◊

\ μ

+
\ μ

Œ Œ ◊Œ ª

ŒŒ ◊ ◊
Π+
\

μ
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 51

◊D
h
D
\
h

h
52 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

P N
V

t + –
t=0 t=0
V

t t
t
\ t ◊ t

t
Ê ˆ
t t ÁË + ˜¯
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 53

t t t
h h

g
t
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 55

\
Ê ˆ
Á ˜
Ë ¯

g
+ ◊ ◊

a
b
a
a g b
-a
56 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

ªb ªa

t
b
t

Π+
◊

Ê ˆ Ê ˆ
ÁË ˜¯ ◊ ◊ ÁË ˜¯

Ê ˆ Ê ˆ
ÁË ˜¯ ◊ ÁË ˜¯ \

D -
58 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook
Electronic Devices and Circuits 59
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 61

2b 2a
D S

Ê ˆ
Á ˜
Ë ¯

\
Ê ˆ
Á ˜
Ë ¯

Ê ˆ
Á ˜
Ë ¯
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 63

Ê ˆ
Á ˜ fi
Ë ¯
64 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

Source Gate Drain

+ +
n n
No existing
channel

P substrate

N channel enhancement mosfet

ª
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 65

Ê ˆÊ ˆ
m ÁË ˜¯ Á - ˜¯
Ë
≥
Ê ˆ
m ÁË ˜¯

¢ m
Ê ˆ
ÁË ˜¯

Ê ˆ
m ÁË ˜¯

•
D D
D D
•
D
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 67

D
l
◊

+g ( f + - f )
f ª

e
g

¢ m

¢ \
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 69

Œ Œ
\

\
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 71

Light

P N
I=0

Anode Cathode

Ê ˆ
h ÁË + ˜¯
72 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

◊
◊

h
n

n
74 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

P N
EC

EV
EF
EF
EC

EV

P N
EC

EV EF
EF EC in this situation I = IP

EV

P N
EC

EV EF
EF EC

EV
76 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

n f

l
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 77

Ê ˆ
n ÁË ˜¯

Ê ˆ Ê ˆ
n ÁË ˜¯ n ÁË ˜¯

p pŒ

+
pŒ

Ê ˆ
ÁË p ˜¯

D ◊D ≥ D
p
D

Ê ˆ
ÁË p ˜¯

g g

Ê p ˆ Ê p ˆ
ÁË ˜¯ ÁË ˜¯

s m m
s r m
80 Electronics and Communication Engineering Handbook

h
D
h
D
h

È h
˘
Í ˙◊
ÎÍ ˚˙

h
◊

t t

Ê ˆ
t ÁË ˜¯ fi

t t +t ◊
= fi
h h

-
Ê ˆ
ÁË + ˜¯

t t

= ◊

= ◊
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 81

Ê ˆ
ÁË ˜¯

r m m
r m m

Ê ˆ
Á ˜ fi
Ë ¯
g

g =
+ ◊ ◊

a b
a g b a
a b
t
b
t

Ê ˆ Ê ˆ
Á ˜ Á ˜
Ë ¯ Ë ¯
Ê ˆ Ê ˆ
Á ˜ Á ˜ fi
Ë ¯ Ë ¯
Ê ˆ
ÁË ˜¯

Ê ˆ Ê ˆ
Á ˜D Á ˜
Ë ¯ Ë ¯
D

t ◊
 Electronic Devices and Circuits 83

Ê ˆ
m ÁË ˜¯

Ê ˆ
m ÁË ˜¯ l

D
l
◊

+g ( f + f )
Œ
f g