Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
A simply supported beam has a 20-ft span and carries a uniform dead load of 600 lb/ft
and a concentrated live load of 9 kips. Design the beam if b = 12 in. fc = 4 ksi and
fy = 60 ksi. (Beam self-weight is not included in the dead load so you need to estimate it.)
The beam will be designed to handle additional 10% of the weight for a dead load.
0.85 f c 1 87
max 0.75
fy 87 f
c
0.85 * 4 ksi 0.85 87
0.75 0.02138
60 ksi 87 60
fy 60 ksi
w 0.01069 0.16035
fc 4 ksi
Ru f c w1 0.59 w 4 ksi 0.16035 1 0.59 0.16035 0.5807 ksi
Mu 122.7 k - ft
12 in
0.9 1 ft 2817.3 in 3
bd 2
Ru 0.5807 ksi
2535.5 in 3
d2 234.8 in 2 d 15.3 in Use d 15.5 in.
12 in
Compute the dead load for the beam h = 15.5 in + 2.5 in. = 18 in.
1 ft
w bh 12 in. 18 in 1 ft * 0.150 k/ft 3 0.225 k/ft
12 in 12 in
Redesign weight DL = 1.4(0.6 k/ft +0.225 k/ft) = 1.155 k/ft. This will result in Mu =
134.25 k-ft.
Mu 134.25 k - ft
12 in
0.9 1 ft 3082.5 in 3
bd 2
Ru 0.5807 ksi
3082.5 in 3
d2 256.9 in 2 d 16.1 in Use d 16.5 in.
12 in
Repeat using 16.5 in and the Mu = 135.25 k-ft, d =16.1 in.
Find area of steel As 0.0106912 in 16.5 in 2.12 in , we can use Table A-8 to get
2
the number of bars 3 #8 (2.37 in2) . From Table A-6 we can find that chose either to fit
into a 12 in. beam. Need 9.5 in for 3#8 bars.
3 fc 3 4000
bd 12 in.16.5 in 0.63 in 2 Use As min 0.66 in 2
fy 60000
The area steel is greater than minimum and less than the maximum steel
Amax =0.02138(12in)(16.5 in.) = 4.23 in2. So 0.66 in2 < 2.37 in2 < 4.23 in2. Check.
Design a reinforced concrete section that can carry an ultimate moment of 260 k-ft as:
Determine the quantities of concrete and steel designed per foot length of beams and then
determine the cost of each design if the price of the concrete equals $50 / yd3 and that of
steel is $0.30 / lb. Tabulate and compare results.
0.85 f c 1 87
max 0.75
fy 87 f
c
0.85 * 3 ksi 0.85 87
0.75 0.01604
60 ksi 87 60
fy 60 ksi
w 0.00802 0.16035
fc 3 ksi
Ru f c w1 0.59 w 3 ksi 0.16035 1 0.59 0.16035 0.4355 ksi
Mu 260 k - ft
12 in
0.9 1 ft 7960.2 in 3
bd 2
Ru 0.4355 ksi
7960.2 in 3
d2 716.4 in 2 d 28.2 in Use d 28.5 in.
10 in
Find area of steel As 0.0080210 in 28.5 in 2.29 in , we can use Table A-8 to get
2
the number of bars 3 #8 (2.37 in2) or 2 #10 (2.54 in2). From Table A-6 we can find that
chose either to fit into a 10 in. beam. Need 9.5 in for 3#8 bars and 8 in. for 2 # 10 bars.
a
M u M n As f y d 0.9 2.37 in 2 60 ksi 28.5 in
5.58 in 3290.4 k - in
2 2
274.2 k - ft 5.5% Overdesign ed. OK
200 200
As min bd 10 in. 28.5 in 0.95 in 2
fy 60000
3 fc 3 3000
bd 10 in. 28.5 in 0.78 in 2 Use As min 0.95 in 2
fy 60000
The area steel is greater than minimum and less than the maximum steel
Amax =0.01604(10in)(28.5 in.) = 4.57 in2. So 0.95 in2 < 2.37 in2 < 4.57 in2. Check.
Doubly reinforced section:
The compression steel must take in to consideration 25% of the moment. Single
reinforcement must take 75% of the moment. (260 k-ft)*0.75 = 195 k-ft. Use the
max = 0.01604 (from the singly reinforced member)
fy 60 ksi
w 0.01604 0.3208
fc 3 ksi
Ru f c w1 0.59 w 3 ksi 0.3208 1 0.59 0.3208 0.7802 ksi
Mu 195 k - ft
12 in
0.9 1 ft 3332.5 in 3
bd 2
Ru 0.7802 ksi
3332.5 in 3
d2 333.3 in 2 d 18.3 in Use d 18.5 in.
10 in
a
As f y
2.97 in 60 ksi
2
6.99 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 3 ksi 10 in.
a 6.99 in
M u M n As f y d 0.9 2.97 in 2 60 ksi 18.5 in 2406.6 k - in
2 2
200 k - ft
The required compression steel will handle M =65 k-ft/0.9 = 72.22 k-ft
12 in
72.222 k - ft
M
As 1 ft 0.94 in 2
d d f y 0.85 f c 18.5 in - 2.5 in 60 ksi 0.85 3 ksi
The total steel needed will be As(req) = 2.97 in2 + 0.94 in2 =3.91 in2.
Use 2# 7 bars(1.2 in2) in the compression steel, and double layer of 5 #8 bars (3.95 in2)
Calculate the new moment capacity of the beam. The tension steel can not exceed the
max area of steel.
As As As 3.95 in 2 1.2 in 2 2.75 in 2 2.97 in 2
a
As f y
2.75 in 60 ksi
2
6.47 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 3 ksi 10 in.
Check to see if compression steel and tension steel yield.
6.47 in
c 7.61 in
0.85
d c
s 0.003 18.5 in 7.61 in 0.003 0.00429 0.00207 OK
c 7.61 in
d c
c 0.003 7.61 in 2.5 in 0.003 0.00201 0.00207 Does not yield
c 7.61 in
Find the c value.
c d
As f y 0.85 f c b 1 c As E s 0.003 0.85 f c
c
3.95 in 60 ksi 0.85 3 ksi 10 in 0.85 c 1.2 in 87 ksi 1 2.5 in 0.85 3 ksi
2 2
c
237c 21.675c 2
104.4c 3.06c 261
c 2 6.2588c 12.04152 0 c 7.80 in.
The moment capacity is
a c 2.5 in
M u M n 0.85 f c ba d As E s 0.003 0.85 f c d d
2 c
0.85 7.80 in
0.85 3 ksi 10 in 0.85 7.8 in 18.5 in
2
0.9
7.8 in 2.5 in
1.2 in 2 87 ksi 0.85 3 ksi 18.5 in 2.5 in
7.8 in
0.9 2567.3 k - in 1086.1 k - in 3288.0 k - in
274.0 k - ft 5.4% overdesign ed.
3 T section
0.85 f c 1 87
bal
fy 87 f
c
0.85 * 3 ksi 0.85 87
0.02138
60 ksi 87 60
fy 60 ksi
w 0.00962 0.1924
fc 3 ksi
Ru f c w1 0.59 w 3 ksi 0.1924 1 0.59 0.1924 0.5117 ksi
Mu 260 k - ft
12 in
0 .9 1 ft 6774.4 in 3
bd 2
Ru 0.5117 ksi
6774.4 in 3
d2 677.4 in 2 d 26.1 in Use d 26.5 in.
10 in
Find area of steel As 0.0096210 in 26.5 in 2.55 in
2
Compare the cost of the individual section is $50 /yd3 and $ 0.30 lb for steel.
So $50/(36 in)3 =$ 0.00107 / in3 and 490 lb/ft3 = 0.28356 lb/in3
fy 40 ksi
w 0.02784 0.3712
fc 3 ksi
Ru f c w1 0.59w 3 ksi 0.3712 1 0.59 0.3712 0.8697 ksi
Mu 697 k - ft
12 in
0 .9 1 ft 10685.4 in 3
bd 2
Ru 0.8697 ksi
10685.4 in 3
d2 763.3 in 2 d 27.6 in Use d 28.0 in.
14 in
The h would be h =28 + 3.5 in = 31.5 in, therefore we will need to use a double
reinforced beam. So assume that we will be using a doubly reinforced beam with a
double layer. The d value will be d = 30 in. – 3.5 in. = 26.5 in. b = 14 in. and d’= 2.5 in.
Use a max so that area of steel will be 0.02784(26.5 in)(14 in) = 10.33 in2
a
As f y
10.33 in 40 ksi
2
11 .57 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 3 ksi 14 in.
a 11 .57 in
M u M n As f y d 0.9 10.33 in 2 40 ksi 26.5 in 7703.0 k - in
2 2
641.9 k - ft
The required compression steel will handle M =(697 k-ft- 641.9)/0.9 = 61.21 k-ft
12 in
61.21 k - ft
M 1 ft
As 0.82 in 2
d d f y 0.85 f c 26.5 in - 2.5 in 40 ksi 0.85 3 ksi
The total steel needed will be As(req) = 10.33 in2 + 0.82 in2 =11.15 in2.
Use 2# 7 bars(1.2 in2) in the compression steel, and double layer of 4 #11 bars (6.24 in2)
and 4# 10 bars( 5.08 in2) or a total of 11.34 in2 The total was found from Table A-8 to get
a value for area of steel. One row of 4 #11 will fit into a 14 in beam from Table A-6
Calculate the new moment capacity of the beam. The tension steel can not exceed the
max area of steel.
a
As f y
10.14 in 40 ksi
2
11 .36 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 3 ksi 14 in.
Check to see if compression steel and tension steel yield.
11 .36 in
c 13.37 in
0.85
d c
s 0.003 26.5 in 13.37 in 0.003 0.00295 0.00138 OK
c 13.37 in
d c
c 0.003 13.37 in 2.5 in 0.003 0.00244 0.00138 OK
c 13.37 in
a
M u M n 0.85 f c ba d As f y 0.85 f c d d
2
11.36 in
0.85 3 ksi14 in 11.36 in 26.5 in
0.9
2
1.2 in 2 40 ksi 0.85 3 ksi 26.5 in 2.5 in
0.98443.6 k - in 1078.6 k - in 8569.6 k - in
714.0 k - ft 2.5 % overdesigned.
The two-span continuous beam is subjected to a uniform dead load of 2 k/ft (include its
own weight) and a uniform live load 3 k/ft. The reactions due to two different loads are
shown. Calculate the maximum negative ultimate moment at the intermediate support B
and the maximum positive ultimate moment within the span AB (at 0.42L from support
A), design the critical section at B and D, and draw the reinforcement details for the
entire beam ABC. Given: L =20 ft, b = 12 in., h = 21 in., use d = 18 in. for one row of
bars and d= 17 in. for two rows , fc = 4 ksi and fy = 60 ksi.
DL 1.4 2 k - ft 2.8 k - ft
LL 1.7 3 k - ft 5.1 k - ft
Bending Moment
Shear Diagram
400
150 300
200
100
100
Moment (kip-ft)
50
Force (kips)
0
0 -100
0 10 20 30 40
0 10 20 30 40
-50 -200
-300
-100
-400
-150
-500
Location (ft) Location (ft)
The maximum moment for case 1 with the dead and live loads over the entire structure,
MB = -395 k-ft and MD = 219 k-ft and case 2 MB = -267.5 k-ft and MD =272.6 k-ft. Point
D is located at 8.4 ft from the left support.
fy 60 ksi
w 0.02138 0.3207
fc 4 ksi
Ru f c w1 0.59 w 4 ksi 0.3207 1 0.59 0.3207 1.0401 ksi
Mu 395 k - ft
12 in
0 .9 1 ft 5063.7 in 3
bd 2
Ru 1.0401 ksi
5063.7 in 3
d2 422.0 in 2 d 20.55 in Use d 21.0 in.
12 in
This result shows that Point B will need to be doubly reinforced. So assume that we will
be using a doubly reinforced beam with a double layer. The d value will be d = 17 in., b
= 12 in. and d’= 2.5 in. Use a max so that area of steel will be 0.02138(17 in)(12 in) =
4.36 in2 Find a from the equilibrium equation.
a
As f y
4.36 in 60 ksi
2
6.41 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 4 ksi 12 in.
a 6.41 in
M u M n As f y d 0.9 4.36 in 2 60 ksi 17 in 3247.4 k - in
2 2
270.6 k - ft
The required compression steel will handle M =(395 k-ft- 270.6 k-ft)/0.9 = 138.2 k-ft
12 in
138.2 k - ft
M
As 1 ft 2.02 in 2
d d f y 0.85 f c 17 in - 2.5 in 60 ksi 0.85 4 ksi
The total steel needed will be As(req) = 4.36 in2 + 2.02 in2 =6.38 in2.
Use 3# 9 bars(3.0 in2) in the compression steel, and double layer of 3 #10 bars (3.81 in2)
and 3# 9 bars( 3.00 in2) or a total of 6.81 in2 The total was found from Table A-8 to get a
value for area of steel. One row of 3 #10 will fit into a 12 in beam from Table A-6
Calculate the new moment capacity of the beam. The tension steel can not exceed the
max area of steel.
As As As 6.81 in 2 3.0 in 2 3.81 in 2 4.36 in 2
a
As f y
3.81 in 60 ksi
2
5.60 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 4 ksi 12 in.
Check to see if compression steel and tension steel yield.
5.6 in
c 6.59 in
0.85
d c
s 0.003 17 in 6.59 in 0.003 0.00474 0.00207 OK
c 6.59 in
d c
c 0.003 6.59 in 2.5 in 0.003 0.00186 0.00207 Did not yield
c 6.59 in
c d
As f y 0.85 f c b 1c As E s 0.003 0.85 f c
c
6.81 in 60 ksi 0.85 4 ksi 12 in 0.85 c 3.0 in 87 ksi 1 2.5 in 0.85 4 ksi
2 2
c
408.6c 34.68c 2
261c 10.2c 652.5
c 2 4.55017c 18.81488 0 c 7.17 in.
The moment capacity is
a c 2.5 in
M u M n 0.85 f c ba d As E s 0.003 0.85 f c d d
2 c
0.85 7.17 in
0.85 4 ksi 12 in 0.85 7.17 in 17 in
2
0.9
7.17 in 2.5 in
3.0 in 2 87 ksi 0.85 4 ksi 17 in 2.5 in
7.17 in
0.9 3469.4 k - in 2317.0 k - in 5207.8 k - in
434.0 k - ft 9.9% overdesign ed.
Point D
The dimensions of the beam for point D are:
Mu 272.6 k - ft
12 in
0.9 1 ft 3494.5 in 3
bd 2
Ru 1.0401 ksi
3494.5 in 3
d2 291.2 in 2 d 17.01 in Use d 17.5 in.
12 in
This result shows that Point D can use a singly reinforced beam. So assume that we will
be using a doubly reinforced beam with a double layer. The d value will be d = 18 in.,
and b = 12 in. Use a max so that area of steel will be 0.02138(18 in)(12 in) = 4.61 in2
Find for the beam.
Mu 272.6 k - ft 12 in
Ru
0 .9 1 ft 0.93484 ksi
bd 2 12 in 18 in 2
Ru f c w1 0.59 w 0.93484 ksi 4 ksi w 1 0.59 w w 0.2787
wf c 4 ksi
0.2787 0.01858
fy 60 ksi
Use a As 0.01858(18 in)(12 in) = 4.01 in2, which for single row can be done with 2 #10
bars (2.54 in2) and 2# 8 bars (1.58 in2) or a total of 4.12 in2 The total was found from
Table A-8 to get a value for area of steel. One row will fit into a 12 in beam from Table
A-6.
a
As f y
4.12 in 60 ksi
2
6.06 in.
0.85 f c b 0.85 4 ksi 12 in.
6.06 in
c 7.13 in
0.85
d c 18 in 7.13 in
s 0.003 0.003 0.00453 0.00207 OK
c 7.13 in
Compute the moment capacity of the beam
a
M u M n As f y d
2
The drawings are not included but the beam at Point B is doubly reinforced with a double
row at the top consisting of 3#10 and 3#9 at d=17 in. and a single row at the bottom
consisting of 3#10 at d’= 2.5 in. The beam at Point D is a singly reinforced beam with a
single row consisting of 2#10 and 2#8 at bottom at a d=18 in.