International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018

http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.6.15 ISSN: 2456-1878

Biodiversity of Freshwater Shrimp of the Genus

Macrobrachium (Decapoda Palaemonidae) in
the Nyong Basin of Cameroon
Gertrude Estelle Yogback1,2*, Gideon Aghaindum Ajeagah1 , Lordon-
Champlain Djieto3, Silas Lagat Cheruiyo43, Dickson Achuo Enah1, Mama
Mbouoombouo 1, Chrispin Kowenje5
1 Laboratory of Hydrobiology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, BP 812 Yaoundé.
2 Ministry of scientific research and innovation, laboratory of natural disaster, National Institute of Cartography, BP 157-
Yaoundé.
3 Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, B.P. 812, YAOUNDÉ, CAMERooN. Courriel.

4 Department of Physical Sciences, Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology. P.O.Box 210 - 40601

Bondo – Kenya.
5 Department of Chemistry, Maseno University, P.O. Box 333, 40105 Maseno, Kenya

Corresponding autheur: yogbackgertrude@yahoo.com

Abstract— The population of shrimps, especially the
macrobrachium genus, has been affected with habitat
pollution and overexploitation. Shrimps provide a major
protein source to animals higher in the food chain. The
importance of studying the ecology of shrimps in their
different habitats helps in their preservation and provides
possibilities of carcinoculture. This study examines
diversity, ecology and reproduction parameters of fresh
water shrimps of the genus macrobrachium in the basins
of Lepmassoun and Ondoamedza rivers. Lepmassoun and
Ondoamedza rivers form part of the larger Nyong river
basin in Cameroon. In situ water physicochemical
parameters were determined on site, preserved water
samples used in mineral analysis and subsequent
ecological health assessment. Shrimps were sampled
using the scoop method with hand nets and analyzed.
Sampling was done in 5 seasons distributed from January
2017 to February 2018. The results of physicochemical
parameters indicate that water in the two rivers was
slightly mineralized, sufficiently oxygenated and slightly
turbid. It was generally a non-polluted ecological zone
for shrimps. A total of 113 shrimps distributed among 14
species were collected. The shrimp population included
Macrobrachium macrobrachion Macrobrachium idae,
Macrobrachium rude, Macrobrachium niloticus ,
Macrobrachium dux Macrobrachium sp1,
Macrobrachium sp2, Macrobrachium
sp3,Macrobrachium sp4, Macrobrachium sp4,
Macrobrachium sp5, Macrobrachium sp6,
Macrobrachium sp7, Macrobrachium sp8 and
Macrobrachium sp9.In the river Odoameza 11 species
were collected among which Macrobrachium sp8
(26.02%) is abundant, though,in the river Lepmassoun we
collected 10 species dominanced by Macrobrachium
macrobrachion (22,5%). The species Macrobrachium
macrobrachion is most ubiquiste throughout river
Lepmassoun (%O = 83.33%) The river basin of
Lepmassoun had a higher population of Macrobrachium
macrobrachion with a percentage occurrence of 66.67%.
then It is concluded that the water in the two river basins
is of good ecological quality for shrimp survival with
species Macrobrachium macrobrachion dominating in the
river lepmassoun. In the river Ondoameza
Macrobrachium sp8, Macrobrachium idea,
Macrobrachium macrobrachion,Macrobrachium sp4
having all the percentage of occurrence (%O) of 66 .67%
are relatively represented. Only Macrobrachium dux have
Ovigerous females in our study. This Ovigerous females
ranged from 50.38 to 64.18 mm and egg size varied from
1.7 to 2 mm. The prawn attained a maximum total length
and weight of 64,18 m and 2,96 g respectively. In our
basins slope the Macrobrachium dux reproduces twice
year during the big dry season and small dry season since
production is early and the eggs are rather broad by
consequence the larval development is shortened.
Keywords— Shrimp; Macrobrachium; ovigerous,
Lepmassoun; Ondoamedza.

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International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB)
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.6.15
I. INTRODUCTION
The world production of shrimp exceeded 240 T in the
year 2000, wh ich roughly corresponds to 20% of the total
quantity produced (Sampaio, Silva et al. 2007).Africa’s
contribution to shrimp production remains very minimal
with almost null part icipation in carcinoculture (FAO
2010). The ma in species of fresh water shrimp with
commercial value belongs to the family paleamonidae
(Nnana Noah, 2010). Within this co mmercially v iable
family, the genus Paleamon, Leander, and
Macrobrachium are do minant (Monod 1966).
Furthermore, Macrobrachiu m (Bate, 1868) has been
found in most of the biogeographic areas and more than
240 species have been recorded (De Grave and Fransen
2011).
Overfishing and pollution affects biodiversity of
aquatic animals (Omwo ma 2012). Continuous aquatic
system assessment for water quality and biodiversity
helps in system management and product quality. Use of
agricultural products such as pesticides and fertilizers
including urbanizat ion are known to affect water quality
and species diversity (Allan and Flecker 1993). The fact
that production of shrimp in Africa has remained low
leads scientists to determine possible reasons and
mitigation measures over the same. This is particularly
the case given that Africa is dominated with several fresh
water bodies that are conducive for shrimp production.
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Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
ISSN: 2456-1878
Furthermore, shrimps are of great ecological, medical
and socio-economic interest. They can be characterized
by their life cycle (New and Singholka 1985) and they
play a significant ro le in water t rophic networks. They are
regarded as indicators of good water quality. In addition,
the market of shrimps in the east is a gold basket and their
price is higher than fish. Such good qualities of shrimps
makes them an important subject of study especially their
ability to provide high protein content in different diets
(Doume doume, Toguyen et al. 2013).
In Cameroon, shrimps of the genus Macrobranchium
(Herklots 1851) might be exp loited by art isanal fishermen
that use bow nets. There is little data available on the
ecology and the biology (reproduction) of shrimps in
Cameroon (Dou me dou me, Toguyen et al. 2013),
(Tchakonte , Ajeagah et al. 2014)and (Ajeagah, Yogback
et al. 2017), (A jeagah, Yogback et al. 2018). As such we
endeavor herein to characterize the ecology of shrimps
river Lep massoun and the river Ondomedza . Lep massoun
and Ondoamedza rivers form part of the larger Nyong
river basin in Cameroon. The study considers biodiversity
of shrimps and ecological quality parameters of the two
river basins.
II. MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1. Study site
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International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB)
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.6.15
Fig.1: Study areas that comprise of River Lepmassoun and River Ondoamedza along River Nyong in Cameroon. Lma 1 -3
are sampling points on Lepmassoun River while Ond 1-3 are sampling points along the Ondoamedza River.
The study site, Nyong River Basin, co mprises of two
tributary rivers namely Lep masoun and Ondoamedza (Fig.
1). These two river tributaries lie within an equatorial
climate. Such a climate is characterized with four main
seasons per year (two d ry seasons and two wet seasons ).
The main dry season is experienced fro m December to
February wh ile the main wet season is experienced fro m
September to November. The rain fall distribution ranges
fro m 3 000 mm per month to 1500 mm per month in the
two basins resulting to the entire area being covered with
forest (Olivry 1986). Six stations were identified as
marked in Fig. 1 for sampling and they were identified as
Lma1 (0329' 41,164'' N; 118' 45,068'' E), Lma2 0329' 44
'';118' 45,072'' E and Lma3 (0330' 58,19'' N;119' 29,727''
E) for the river Lep massoun;Ond1 (0329' 40,25 '' N; 1132'
38,336'' E), Ond2 (0330' 1,451'' N;1132' 43,048'' E) and
Ond3 (0330' 18,166' ' N; 1132' 37,413'' E) fo r the river
Ondoamedza (see Fig. 1).
2.2. Physicochemical parameters determination
Physicochemical parameters including Temperature,
Dissolved Oxygen, pH, Electric Conductivity and TDS
were determined insitu. Dissolved CO2 , Alkalin ity
(HCO3 -), Nitrates (NO3 -), Nitrites (NO2 -), Orthophosphate
(PO4 3-), and A mmon iacal Nitrogen (NH3 -N) were
determined using standard procedures on unfiltered water
samples. Shrimps were collected using a scoop method
with a hand net and preserved with formalin in containers
that had been washed with alcohol (95%). In the
laboratory, the shrimps were identified by placing them in
a petri dish, sorted accorded to their morphology and
identified using a binocular magnifying g lass according to
cited keys of identification features (Monod 1966),
(Powell 1980); Won and Lawrence, 1988; Bruce and
Thomas, 1991; (Day, Stewart et al. 2001)).
2.3. Determination of Shrimp biodiversity
The diversity index of (Shannon and Weaver 1948) was
used in determination of species distribution within their
habitat (Equation 1).
n maturity of the ovaries. The higher this ratio, the closer is
N  x100...................................Eqn.1
N
Where n = numerical proportion of a taxonomic
group, N = total number of individuals
Percentage species of occurrence (%SO), the percentage
of stations where a species is sampled was determined
using Equation 2 (N'zi, B.G. et al. 2008).
Si
% SO  x100................................Eqn.2
St
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Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
ISSN: 2456-1878
Where: Si = number of stations where species i was
captured, St = total number of stations prospected.
2.4. Reproduction of shrimp
Ovigerous fe males were identified and sex-ratio
determined according to equation 3 (Agadjihouede 2006).
The number of eggs in the female was physically counted.
Nm
SR  ..................................Eqn.3
Nf
Where N f = number of females and Nm =
number of males
The femininity rate was determined using equation 4
FX 100
TF  .............................eqn.4
F M
Where F = number o f females in the given
sample and M = number of males in the given sample.
Fecundity was done by counting the number of eggs fro m
the weight sampling method. The eggs were taken out of
the pill organizers and wrung out on blotting paper. A
fraction of 0.05g was then taken and counted under a
magnifying g lass. Fro m the results, absolute fertility
(Equati on 5) and relat ive fertility (Equati on 6) was
determined where absolute fertility is the total number of
eggs and relative fertility is the number of eggs per unit of
body weight.
NxP (G )
FT  ..........................Eqn.5
0.05
Where FT = absolute fertility, N = number of
eggs in the 0.05g fraction, P (G) = gonad weight.
FTx1
FR  .............................Eqn.6
Pt
Where FR = relative fertility; FT = absolute fertility; Pt
= body weight
The reproductive period was determined through the
gonado-somatic relationship (RGS) given by equation 7
(Goore Bi 1998). This relationship reflects the progress of
the laying, when it is weak, the female is in a state of
sexual rest. In the state of immaturity, the value of this
relation is zero or near zero.
P(G )
RGS  x100..........................Eqn.7
Pt
Where RGS = Gonado-somatic relationship; P(G) =
Gonad weight; Pt = body weight
III. RESULTS
3.1. Physicochemical parameters
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International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB)
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The data for physicochemical parameters of
River Lep massoun and River Ondoamedza are recorded
in Table 1. During the period of study, abiotic parameters
did not significantly vary according to the test of Kruskal
Wallis. However, temporarily, some parameters varied
except for temperature, dissolved oxygen, o xygen
content, MES, color, o xydability, ammoniacal n itrogen
and magnesium hardness.
Temperature was constant with an average of
21.66±0.86o C in River Ondo medza. However in River
Lep massoun, it varied fro m one season to another
according to Kruskal-wallis test (P < 0, 05) of 19,5 o C
(GSP) at 23 o C (PSP). In the river Lep massoun, the
profile of variation of turbid ity lies between 0 (GSP-
Lma1) and 48 FTU (GSS 2018-Lma3) and significantly
varied fro m one season to another. That of MES was 0
mg/l (GSS-Lma3 and GSP-Lma2) and 32 mg/ L (GSS
2018- Lma 3) and did not vary significantly with an
average of 8.2±8.47 mg/ L, accord ing to the test U of
Mann Withney. In River Ondoamedza, the minimal
values of turbidity, MES and colors are of 0 FTU, 0mg/ L
and 52 Pt-Co respectively and the maximu m values are of
20 FTU (Ond1- GSS), 15 mg/ L (Ond3- PSS) and 362
(Ond3- PSS) Pt-Co. W ith regard to the color, it did not
vary significantly in the rivers under study with average
value of 126.67±47.8 Pt-Co in the River Lep massoun and
135.67±89.27 Pt-Co in the River Ondo medza. However
these values of turbidity recorded in the two rivers are in
the standard (< 35, g/ L). neutrality. Their pH
significantly varied fro m one season to another ranging
between 6.66 CPU (Lma1, PSS) and 7.57 UC (Lma2,
GSP) in the river Lep massoun. River Odoamed za had a
small variation in pH ranging between 5.25 UC and 7.97
UC (6.66 ±0.75 CPU).The curve of conductivity curve
and the TDS are stacking and confirms the positive strong
correlation between the two parameters. Conductivity
and TDSONT significantly varied on the temporal level in
our two rivers. In Lep massoun the smallest values of
conductivity (22 µS/cm) and TDS (11 mg/ l)) are recorded
in Lma3 during GSP and the maximu m values are
observed in Lma2 during the great dry season (49 µS/cm
for conductivity and 25 mg/l for the TDS) with the
averages of conductivity and TDS of 36, 47±8.25 µS/cm
and 18.27±4.26 mg/l respectively. In the river
Ondoamedza, conductivity varied fro m 14 (Ond3-GSP) to
138 mg/ l (Ond3-PSP) and the TDS varied fro m 7 to 69
µS/cm. The percentage of o xygen significantly d id not
vary on the spatiotemporal plan according to the test of
Mann Whitney in the river Ondomed za with an average
of 62±0,85 %, however in the river Lep massoun it varied
fro m 60 (Lma2- PSS) to 69.9 (Lma3-GSS 2018). The
profile of variat ion of the dissolved oxygen contents when
superimposed with that of the percentage of o xygen in the
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Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
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river Lep massoun it varied fro m 4.78 (Lma3-GSP) to 6.75
mg/l (Lma3- GSS 2018). However, it is of 4.30±1.25 mg/l
in the river Ondoamedza. The dissolved CO2 rate and
alkalinity significantly varied among the sampling
campaign to the other according to the test of Mann
Withney. Thus the CO2 rate varies fro m 1.76 mg/ l (PSP)
to 102.08 mg/ l (GSS 2017) in the river Lep massoun
whereas in the river Ondoamed za it varies fro m 1.76 mg/l
(Ond2 - PSP) to 133.76 mg/l (Ond3-GSS 2017).
Alkalin ity also varied fro m 2 mg/ l (GSS 2017) to 20 mg/l
(GSS 2018) in Lep massoun. In the river Ondoamedza the
highest values of alkalin ity (48 mg/l) were recorded at the
Ond3 station during the PSS and the low values were
observed in Ond2 during the GSS 2017 (1 mg/ l). In
Lep massoun, the maximu m NO3 values and NH4 +
recorded at the Lma3 station are of 3.7 mg/ l and 0.67 mg/l
respectively and the minimal values of 0.05 mg/l (GSP)
and 0.14 mg/ l (GSP) respectively are recorded as Lma1
and Lma2. In the river Ondoamed za the minimal values
of NO3 and that of the NH4 + are of 0mg/ l (Ond1 and Ond3
during the GSS 2018) and 0 mg/ l (Ond2 - GSS 2018)
respectively and the maximu m values of NO3 and NH4 +
are of 0.5 mg/l (Ond3-PSS) and 2.1 mg/l (Ond3-PSP)
respectively. The test of Mann Whitney showed a
significant difference in nitrate values of between the GSS
2017 and the GSP, the PSP and GSS 2018 and between
the PSS and GSP. The contents orthophosphate vary
fro m 0.1 mg/l (Lma 2- PSP) to 4.36 mg/l (Lma1- GSS
2017) in the river Lep massoun. The curve of variat ion of
the contents orthophosphate is three-phase in the river
Ondoamedza. It presents three peaks, the first (3.7mg/ l)
was recorded in Ond1 (PSP), the second peak (2.71 mg/ l)
is observed in Ond2 during the PSP and the third peak
(2.54 mg/ l) is recorded at the Ond3 station during the
PSP. Calcic hardness significantly varied fro m one
campaign to another. It however varies fro m 0.06 mg/l
(Lma3- PSS) to 2.27 mg/l (Lma3- GSP) in the river
Lep massoun and in river Ondoamedza it varied fro m 0.04
mg/l (Ond1-GSS 2017 and GSS 2018) to 0.08 mg/l
(Ond3- GSP).
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 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.6.15 ISSN: 2456-1878
Table.1: Physicochemical parameters of water in River Lepmassoun and River Ondoamedza both tributaries to River Nyong in Cameroon
Site Season Temp pH Cond TDS %D CO2 Alka Turb MES Color NO3 - NH4 + PO4 3 Sali Resist. Hard. Hard.
O - n Ca Mg
Source 1.0 22.0 6.7 47.0 23.0 62.9 102.1 2.0 5.0 2.0 83.0 2.1 0.1 4.1 0.0 21280. 1.8 0.2
0
2.0 22.0 6.8 34.0 17.0 66.9 1.8 6.0 16.0 7.0 117.0 2.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 29400. 0.2 0.3
0
3.0 22.0 6.7 42.0 21.0 62.7 40.5 2.0 18.0 8.0 180.0 0.7 0.2 0.5 0.0 24400. 0.1 0.5
0
4.0 19.5 7.3 21.0 10.0 62.9 8.8 16.0 0.0 4.0 132.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 31300. 0.4 0.2
0
5.0 22.8 7.4 40.0 20.0 63.2 5.3 20.0 33.0 16.0 60.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 25000. 0.2 0.1
0
Average 26276.
21.7 7.0 36.8 18.2 63.7 31.7 9.2 14.4 7.4 114.4 1.1 0.1 1.0 0.0 0.5 0.3
0
Middle 1.0 21.0 6.7 39.0 20.0 64.4 95.1 2.0 14.0 6.0 62.0 2.8 0.3 4.4 0.0 25600. 0.6 0.7
River Lepmassoun

0
2.0 23.0 6.8 32.0 16.0 66.0 24.6 14.0 15.0 4.0 145.0 2.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 31300. 0.2 0.8
0
3.0 21.5 6.9 38.0 19.0 60.0 26.4 4.0 12.0 9.0 157.0 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 25600. 0.1 0.4
0
4.0 21.0 7.6 34.0 17.0 62.6 7.0 4.0 1.0 1.0 132.0 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.0 32300. 0.6 0.2
0
5.0 22.1 7.4 49.0 25.0 68.8 7.0 16.0 34.0 20.0 188.0 2.6 0.3 0.1 0.0 20410. 0.3 0.3
0
Average 27042.
21.7 7.1 38.4 19.4 64.4 32.0 8.0 15.2 8.0 136.8 1.7 0.2 1.0 0.0 0.4 0.5
0
Mouth 1.0 21.0 6.7 36.0 18.0 65.4 70.4 2.0 2.0 0.0 47.0 1.6 0.2 2.1 0.0 27000. 1.6 1.0
0
2.0 22.0 6.7 30.0 15.0 66.8 25.8 10.0 9.0 5.0 104.0 3.7 0.7 1.0 0.0 34500. 0.3 0.4
0
3.0 22.0 7.1 36.0 18.0 60.9 35.2 6.0 13.0 4.0 133.0 0.4 0.17 0.1 0.0 27800. 0.1 0.1
0
4.0 21.0 7.4 22.0 11.0 60.4 1.8 10.0 0.0 5.0 202.0 0.1 0.26 0.4 0.0 30300. 2.3 0.4

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 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.6.15 ISSN: 2456-1878
0
5.0 22.0 7.4 47.0 23.0 69.9 317.0 20.0 48.0 32.0 157.0 2.7 0.2 0.3 0.0 21280. 0.32 0.21
0
Average 28176.
21.6 7.1 34.2 17.0 64.7 90.0 9.6 14.4 9.2 128.6 1.7 0.3 0.8 0.0 0.9 0.4
0
Average of 21.6 7.0 36.5 18.2 64.3 51.2 8.9 14.7 8.2 126.6 1.5 0.2 0.9 0.0 27164. 0.6 0.4
River 7
Source of River 1.0 22.0 6.4 32.0 16.0 61.7 37.0 4.0 20.0 11.0 86.0 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.0 31800. 3.2 1.4
O. 0
2.0 21.5 8.0 28.0 14.0 61.1 37.0 4.0 0.0 0.0 183.0 1.4 0.3 3.7 0.0 35700. 0.3 0.4
0
3.0 22.0 6.8 24.0 12.0 61.4 14.1 12.0 3.0 3.0 63.0 1.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 43500. 0.0 0.4
0
4.0 22.0 6.6 18.0 9.0 60.5 3.5 4.0 0.0 0.0 52.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 55600. 0.1 0.0
0
5.0 22.0 6.6 28.0 14.0 62.0 25.5 8.0 11.0 7.0 75.0 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.0 37650. 1.1 0.9
0
Average 40850.
River Ondoamedza

21.9 6.9 26.0 13.0 61.3 23.4 6.4 6.8 4.2 91.8 0.7 0.3 0.9 0.0 0.9 0.6
0
Middle of River 1.0 22.0 6.4 32.0 16.0 62.4 125.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 88.0 0.3 0.1 1.1 0.0 38500. 64.0 3.2
0
2.0 21.0 7.9 24.0 12.0 64.2 1.8 6.0 3.0 6.0 210.0 2.0 0.4 2.7 0.0 41700. 0.5 0.6
0
3.0 22.0 6.6 24.0 12.0 62.1 15.8 18.0 2.0 4.0 74.0 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.0 40000. 0.1 0.1
0
4.0 23.0 6.5 18.0 9.0 62.1 31.7 2.0 7.0 6.0 123.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 58800. 0.3 0.0
0
5.0 21.8 6.5 25.0 13.0 62.7 12.3 6.0 5.0 0.0 94.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 40000. 0.1 0.0
0
Average 43800.
22.0 6.8 24.6 12.4 62.7 37.3 6.8 3.6 4.6 117.8 0.6 0.2 0.8 0.0 13.0 0.8
0
Mouth of River 1.0 21.0 6.0 30.0 15.0 62.4 133.8 1.0 10.0 6.0 73.0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.0 32800. 1.5 0.7
0
2.0 22.5 8.0 138. 69.0 61.2 24.6 6.0 3.0 6.0 245.0 2.1 0.4 2.5 0.1 71900. 0.4 0.2

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 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
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0 0
3.0 22.0 6.2 24.0 12.0 62.3 5.3 48.0 13.0 15.0 362.0 1.4 0.5 0.0 0.0 41700. 0.1 0.1
0
4.0 24.0 5.3 14.0 7.0 61.6 31.7 6.0 3.0 5.0 223.0 0.1 0.5 0.0 0.0 65700. 0.9 0.1
0
5.0 21.0 6.3 32.0 16.0 62.5 12.3 20.0 14.0 0.0 84.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 32300. 0.2 0.0
0
48880.
22.1 6.4 47.6 23.8 62.0 41.5 16.2 8.6 6.4 197.4 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.6 0.2
0
Average of 22.0 6.7 32.7 16.4 62.0 34.1 9.8 6.3 5.1 135.7 0.7 0.2 0.8 0.0 44510. 4.9 0.5
River 0
Aquatic standards - 6.5 2500 70- 15- 25- 50-58 2-10 0.1- 0.1-
(MEDD and AE – - 90 35 50 0.5 0.5
2003), (NQS 2007), 9.0 3000
(SEQ-EAU, MEDD
et al. 2013)

Sampling site 1 = long dry season 2017, 2 = short rain season 2017, 3 = short dry season 2017; 4 = long rain season 2017; 5 = long dry season 2018; Temp. = Temperature; TDS = total
dissolved solids; DO = dissolved oxygen; Alka. = Alkalinity, Turb. = turbidity; Resist. = Resistivity; Hard. Ca = hardness due to calcium, Hard. M g = Hardness due to M agnesium

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 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
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Biological variables Macrobrachium (2,74%), Macrobrachium niloticus
Specific composition (1,37%), Macrobrachium sp5 (1,37%) and
During this study, a total of 113 shrimps was collected set Macrobrachium sp6(1,37%).According to the test of
out again in 14 species.40 specimens were recorded in the Kruskal wallis, in the river Ondo medza all the species did
river Lep massoun and 73 ispecimes in the river not significantly vary on the p lan spatiotemperal.
Ondoamedza (Table II). In the river Lep massoun we However in the river Lep massoun, Macrobrachium
collected 10 species set out again by order of macrobrachion varied from one season to another. The
predominance as follo ws Macrobrachium macrobrachion quantity of Macrobrachium macrobrachion varied fro m
(22,5%), Macrobrachium sp1 (20%) Macrobrachium dux 0(GSP) to 6 individuals (GSS 2017).
(12,5%) Macrobrachium sp4 (5%), Macrobrachium sp5 The index of Shannon and Weaver in the river
(5%) and Macrobrachium sp6 (5%), Macrobrachiu m sp9 Lep massoun is of 2.05 bit/indiv idual and that of Piélou is
(5%), Macrobrachium niloticus (2,5%)and 0.57. These indices varied respectively in this river of
Macrobrachium rude (2,5%). In the river Odoameza 11 1.06 (Lma1) to 2.17 Bit (Lma 3) and 0.29 to 0.61. In the
species were collected, Macrobrachium sp8 (26,02%) is river Ondomedza these indices are 2.94 bit/ individual and
abundant pus, follo wed respectively of Macrobrachiu m 0.87 respectively. The index of Shannon and the
idea (19, 18 %), Macrobrachium sp1 equitability o f Piélou varied fro m 0 b it/ indiv idual (Ond1)
(16,44%),Macrobrachium sp7 (9,59 %), from to 2.83 bit/ individual (Ond2) and fro m 0 to 0.17
Macrobrachium sp2 (8, 22%), Macrobrachium sp4 respectively.
(6,85%), Macrobrachium macrobrachion (5,48%), hard

Table.2:Dynamics of abundances of the genus Macrobrachium (M.) collected for the period of study.
M. M. M. M.
ations Seasons macrobrachion M. niloticus M. dux M. rude M. idea M. sp1 M. sp2 M. sp3 M.sp4 .M sp5 M. sp6 p7 sp8 sp9 to
m1 GSS 2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
PSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PSS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GSS 2018 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
TOTAL 2 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
m2 GSS 2017 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
PSP 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
PSS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
GSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GSS 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 2
m3 GSS 2017 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
PSP 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PSS 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
GSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
GSS2017 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
TOTAL 4 0 3 1 0 7 0 2 1 1 0 1 0 2
d1 GSS 2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 0
PSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PSS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GSS2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0
TOTAL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 0
d2 GSS 2017 2 0 0 0 9 5 6 0 3 0 0 0 2 0
PSP 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

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 International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
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PSS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
GSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GSS 2018 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TOTAL 2 1 0 2 9 5 6 0 3 1 0 0 3 0
d3 GSS 2017 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
PSS 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 2 0 0 7 0 0
GSP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
GSS 2018 1 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
total 1 0 0 0 7 7 0 0 2 0 1 7 0 0

Longitudinal distribution M. sp5 3 6 50

Generally,the species Macrobrachium M. sp6 1 6 16,6666667
macrobrachion, Macrobrachium sp2 and Macrobrachium
M. sp7 2 6 33,3333333
sp1, Macrobrachium sp4, Macrobrachium sp5 are most
M. sp8 2 6 33,3333333
present in our basin with the fo llo wing percentages of
presence of occurrence (%O) respective of 83,33 %, M. sp9 2 6 33,3333333
66.67%, 60% and 50% (Tab le III). The species
Macrobrachium macrobrachion is most ubiquiste Influence of environmental factors on crustacean
throughout river Lep massoun (%O = 83,33%) that the distribution
other species like Macrobrachium sp1(66.67%,), Relati onshi p between abiotic parameters and the
Macrobrachium sp3 (66.67%),Macrobrachium sp4 shrimp community
(66.67%), Macrobrachium sp5 (66.67%), According to the correlations of SPEARMAN,
Macrobrachium sp9 (66.67%), Macrobrachium niloticus conductivity is correlated positively and significantly with
(%O = 33.33%, Macrobrachium rude (%O = 33.33), and the TDS (R = 0.563;p = 0.01), o xygen (R = 0.676;p =
Macrobrachium sp7 (%O = 33.33%) are secondary 0.01), turbid ity (R = 0.563;p = 0.01). Ho wever it
represented along the gradient upstream downstream. In negatively correlated with the resistivity (R = -0.695,
the river Ondoameza Macrobrachium sp8, p=0.01). M ES of course are correlated positively with
Macrobrachium idea, Macrobrachium turbidity (R = 0.641);p = 0.01).The resistivity as for it
macrobrachion,Macrobrachium sp4 having all the negatively correlated with turbid ity ((R = -0.526;p = 0.01)
percentage of occurrence (%O) of 66.67% are relatively and the TDS (R = - 0.694;p = 0.01). The pH correlated
represented throughout river as for the other species of positively with calcic hardness (R = 0.512;p = 0.01). The
which the percentage of presence is inferior with 50% ammon iacal nit rogen correlated positively with the color
(%O = 33,33%), they are passably present upstream (R = 0.540;p < 0.01) and negatively with magnesic
downstream from the river. hardness (R = - 0.623;p = 0.01). Oxygen negatively
correlated with the carbon dio xide (R = -0.573;p = 0.01)
and positively with the temperature (R = 0.553;p =
0.01).The contents nitrate strongly correlated with
magnesic hardness (R = 0.623;p = 0.01).As regards the
Table.3: percentage of occurrence (%O) of genus relations existing between the shrimp species and the
Macrobrachium in our basin parameters abiotic (Table III) shows that Macrobrachium
si st 0% macrobrachion significantly and positively correlated
M. with the percentage of o xygen, However th is species
macrobrachion 5 6 83,3333333 negatively correlated with the resistivity and the color.
Macrobrachium du x negatively correlated with CO2, ,
M. niloticus 2 6 33,3333333
Macrobrachium sp2 negatively correlated with the
M. rude 2 6 33,3333333 hardness magnesic, the The species Macrobrachium rude
M. idea 2 6 33,3333333 and Macrobrachium niloticus, , Macrobrachium sp3,
M. sp1 3 5 60 Macrobrachium sp4, M sp7 significantly correlated with
M.sp2 4 6 66,6666667 no physico-chemical parameter. Macrobrachium idea
negatively correlated with the pH, Macrobrachium sp3
M. sp3 1 6 16,6666667
negatively correlated with dissolved CO2 and the
M. sp4 3 6 50

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International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB)
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resistivity. The species Macrobrachium sp5 positively
correlated with the percentage of saturation out of O 2 . As
regards Macrobrachium sp7, it has significantly and
positively correlated with M Es,alkalinity and the
conductivity and finally Macrobrachium sp8 positively
correlated with magnesic hardness. Macrobrachium sp9
positively correlated with the alkalinity
An Analysis in Principal Co mponents (ACP) is
made thereafter to determine the physico-chemical
parameters characteristic of the various formed groups.
The analyzed matrix is a table of 19 colu mns
corresponding to the environmental parameters taken into
account and 30 lines representing the samples taken in the
6 stations of sampling during the 5 study campaigns. The
essence of the original variance is provided on th e first 5
Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
ISSN: 2456-1878
factorial axes F1 (24.05 %) and F2 (19.38 %), F3 (15.55
%), F4 (10.73 %) and F5 (9.009 %) which cu mulate
63.31% of total inert ia (Figure 2b). The variable like
Macrobrachium sp1, Macrobrachium sp3, the calcic
hardness one, CO2 and Macrobrachium sp4 are more
negatively correlated known the axis F1; however on
turbidity, Macrobrachium sp2, the percentage of oxygen
and nitrate are correlated positively on the axis F2. On the
axis F3, conductivity, orthophosphates, the TDS and
salinity is correlated there positively. The species
Macrobrachium sp7, alkalinity and the color are
positively correlated on the axis hard F4. Finally
Macrobrachium sp8and the ammoniacal n itrogen are
positively correlated on the axis F5

Table.4: Spearman correlation between Macrobrachium shrimp abundance and physicochemical parameters
Species M. M. M.d M.ru M.sp M.id M.sp M.sp M.sp M.sp M.sp M.sp M.sp Msp
macrobrach nilotic ux de 8 ea 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9
Parameters ion us
- - - - - - -
ᵨ -,055 ,332 ,009 ,064 ,347 ,315 ,035
,352 ,459* ,196 ,159 ,165 ,247 ,043
pH (UC)
p ,774 ,073 ,964 ,736 ,056 ,011 ,300 ,400 ,061 ,384 ,090 ,189 ,856 ,823
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
- ,403
ᵨ ,334 ,023 ,265 -,200 -,108 ,194 ,195 ,193 ,062 ,064 ,022 *
,052
conductivity(µS/ ,109
cm) p ,071 ,903 ,158 ,290 ,567 ,570 ,305 ,301 ,307 ,747 ,735 ,910 ,027 ,787
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
- ,409
ᵨ ,331 ,015 ,271 -,200 -,108 ,185 ,203 ,187 ,062 ,058 ,022 *
,044
,109
TDS (mg/L)
p ,074 ,935 ,147 ,290 ,567 ,570 ,328 ,282 ,323 ,747 ,761 ,910 ,025 ,817
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
- - ,417
ᵨ ,505** ,216 ,074 ,283 -,056 ,063 ,059 ,186 *
,011 ,338 ,176
,209 ,316
Percent O2(¨%)
p ,004 ,251 ,698 ,130 ,268 ,767 ,741 ,758 ,324 ,089 ,022 ,955 ,067 ,351
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
-
,365 ,402 - - -
ᵨ ,162 -,348 *
-,193 ,244 ,263 ,011 *
,411 ,168 ,302
* ,321 ,086 ,315
CO2(mg/L)
p ,393 ,060 ,048 ,307 ,193 ,160 ,955 ,028 ,024 ,374 ,083 ,652 ,104 ,090
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
- - - - - ,422
ᵨ ,081 ,195 ,065 -,165 ,243 ,344 ,260 ,271 *
Alkalinity ,280 ,034 ,343 ,026 ,252
(mg/L) p ,672 ,302 ,133 ,733 ,857 ,385 ,195 ,063 ,063 ,893 ,166 ,147 ,179 ,020
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
- - - - ,402
ᵨ ,055 ,233 -,149 ,225 ,260 ,250 ,342 ,264 ,155 *
,184 ,023 ,270 ,079
MES (mg/L)
p ,775 ,215 ,331 ,433 ,232 ,165 ,182 ,903 ,064 ,158 ,413 ,149 ,679 ,028
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
-
- - - - -
ᵨ -,384* -,015 ,096 ,004 ,334 ,226 ,282 ,514 ,321
color (mg/L) ,280 ,270 ,058 ,153 ,118 **

p ,036 ,935 ,135 ,613 ,149 ,984 ,762 ,420 ,071 ,230 ,130 ,534 ,004 ,084

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N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
- - - ,379 -
ᵨ ,249 ,000 ,205 ,090 -,085 ,040 ,199 *
,245 ,251
,058 ,152 ,079 ,301
nitrate (mg/L)
p ,185 1,000 ,277 ,636 ,761 ,656 ,422 ,835 ,291 ,679 ,039 ,106 ,192 ,182
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
- - - ,464 -
ᵨ ,280 ,224 ,233 ,206 ,111 -,017 ,337 ,058 ,019 ** ,107
orthophossphate ,061 ,069 ,140
(mg/L) p ,135 ,233 ,215 ,275 ,558 ,930 ,748 ,068 ,761 ,718 ,919 ,462 ,010 ,574
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
,400 - - - - ,470
ᵨ ,114 ,071 *
-,223 -,222 ,063 ,193 ,080 **
,063
,261 ,039 ,015 ,360
salinity(PSU)
p ,547 ,708 ,028 ,237 ,163 ,238 ,837 ,741 ,307 ,674 ,938 ,051 ,009 ,741
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
- -
- - - - -
ᵨ -,311 -,023 ,238 ,170 ,202 ,411 ,010 ,000 ,447
,295 ,135 ,106 *
,090 *
,050
resistivity
1,00
p ,095 ,903 ,113 ,206 ,370 ,284 ,476 ,576 ,024 ,958 ,637 ,013 ,791
0
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
- ,403 - - -
ᵨ ,191 ,015 ,046 -,129 ,303 ,183 *
,180 ,013 ,290
Hardness calcic ,059 ,186 ,140 ,161
(mg/L) p ,311 ,935 ,808 ,498 ,103 ,334 ,758 ,027 ,341 ,324 ,946 ,462 ,121 ,395
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
,383 - - - -
ᵨ ,249 -,046 ,150 -,013 *
,236 ,179 ,068 ,206 ,112
Hardness ,149 ,006 ,279 ,134
magnésic(mg/l) p ,184 ,808 ,429 ,946 ,037 ,209 ,432 ,343 ,973 ,723 ,275 ,135 ,557 ,481
N 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
*. La corrélation est significative au niveau 0,05 (bilatéral).
**. La corrélation est significative au niveau 0,01 (bilatéral).

Reproduction of Macrobrachium dux
Determination of the sex-ratio and rate of femininity
All in all, the females are more numerous than
the males. During the period of study 5 individuals of
Macrobrachium dux were co llected either 3 individuals (4
females and 1 males) in the river Lep massoun giving a
sex-ratio of 0.25. Fro m a campaign to another in the river
Lep massoun the sex-rat io at this species varied from 0
(PSS) with 0.5 (GSS 2017) and the females are dominant
except during the small dry season where the males are
equal to the females. Genrally, the rate of feminity (TF)
during all the period of study in the river Lep massoun is
57.14%, it varied fro m 66, 67% (GSS2017) to 100 %
(PSS) ( Table V).

Table.5: Number of males (M), females (F) sampled by campaign and sex-ratio (Sr), and feminity rate (TF)
Macrobrachium mabrachion F M FO f+m Sr F Sr M TF
GSS 2017 2 1 1 3 0,5 2 66,67
PSP 0 0 0 0 0 0
PSS 2 0 2 2 0 0 100
GSP 0 0 0 0 0
GSS 2018 0 0 0 0
4 1 3 5 0,25 4 80

Fruitfulness and gonado-somatic ratio (RGS) approximately 52 mm and it weighs (W) 1,79g and has an
Three ovigerous females were collected during absolute fruitfulness of 39 eggs. The two other ovigerous
our study. An ovigerous female was obtained at the Lma3 females were recorded at the Lma3 station during the PSS
station during the first countryside, it has a size (LT) of (Table V).One has a size of appro ximately 50.38mm, it

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International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB)
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weighs 0.176g and carries 39 eggs, the other as for it
weight of 0.312g, it has a size of 64.18mm and its
absolute fruitfulness is of 100 eggs. Average absolute
fruitfu lness at this species is of 59 eggs. Relative
fruitfu lness as for it varied fro m 22 eggs/g for the female
which measures 52 mm (Lma3-GSS 2017) to 34 eggs/G
for the largest female wh ich measures 64.18 mm, giv ing
an average of 28 eggs/g. The eggs carried by the females
are of yello w co lor orange sharp. Concerning the
report/ratio gonado-somatic (RGS), it varied fro m 4. 44%
Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
ISSN: 2456-1878
for the female collected in first countryside (GSS 2017) to
12.35% for the female collected during the third
countryside with an average value is 9.11%. The GSI
showed highest percentage of mature females (<50%)
fro m January 2017 to February 2018. Maxima of GSI
(10.52%) were recorded at PSS (Ju ly) and minim of GSI
(1.73%) were recorded during the GSS 2017 (January).
The GSI mean is 7.67% in PSS. This indicates that M.
macrobrachion in Lep massoun River underwent a
reproductive period during the dry season.

Table.5: Absolute fruitfulness (FT), relative fruitfulness (FR), Gonadosommatic report/ratio (RGS) and gonadosomatic index
(RGI) at Macrobarchium dux.
Number of P(G) RGI(%)
eggs Lt(mm) Lc(mm) Pt(g) (g) FT(eggs) FR(eggs/g) RGS %
39 52 14.5 1.758 0.078 39 22.18 4.43 1.73
38 50.38 11.72 1.424 0.176 39 27.19 12.35 4.82
100 64.18 15.14 2.963 0.312 100 33.69 10.52 10.52

Relati onshi p between the number of eggs and
morphological parameters at Macrobrachium dux
In our zone of study the coefficient of correlation
(R2) are respectively 0.42;0.99 and 0.96 for the relat ion
which exists between the number of egg and the length of
the carapace (Lc) (Figure 2a), then the number of eggs
and overall length (Lt ) (Figure 2b) and finally the nu mber
of egg and weight (w) (Figure 2c).The greatest constant of
regression (a = 42.59) is observed in the existing relat ion
between number of egg and Pt, fo llo w-up of that putting
forward the number of eggs and Lt (a = 4.64) and finally
that connecting the number of eggs and Lc (a=0.0334). As
regards the coefficient of regression (b), it is negative for
the existing relat ion between a number of eggs and Pt (b =
- 28.05) and between the number of eggs and Lt (b=-
198.55).This coefficient (b) is positive for the existing
relation between the nu mber of eggs and Lc. We note that
when the female is large it produces more eggs to its
advantage.

20 b 120
a y = 0.0334x + 11.807
R² = 0.4195 100 y = 4.6422x - 198.55
Nomber of eggs
Nomber of eggs

15 R² = 0.9893
80
10 60
40
5
20
0 0
0 50 100 150 0 20 40 60 80
Lc (mm) Lt (mm)

c 120
100 y = 42.59x - 28.052
Nomber of eggs

80 R² = 0.959
60
40
20
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
Poig (g)

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International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB)
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Fig.2: relationship between the number of eggs and Lc (a), the number of eggs and Lt (b) and the number of eggs with weight
(c) at Macrobrachium dux
IV. DISCUSSION
Environmental variables
The values of temperature recorded in the river
Lep massoun and Ondoamedza all located in mediu m rural
significantly d id not vary fro m one station to another.
This would be exp lained by the presence of canopée
which is present and almost identical to all the stations
which constitutes a barrier reducing the penetration of the
solar rays on the variation in the temperature of water
along the river. Th is observation is in agreement with
those of(Foto Menbohan, Koji et al. 2012) (Foto
Menbohan, Mboye et al. 2017)and (Tchakonte , Ajeagah
et al. 2014), Biram À Ngon and al..(2018)(BIRAM à
NGON, FOTO M ENBOHAN et al.) obtained on Nga,
Mabounié, Nsapè jets, Abouda, Fam, Nkou mou and Nga
respectively. However the variat ions observed from one
season to another in the river Lep massoun would result
fro m the variation in the temperature during dry seasons.
Ebang, 2004 underlines on this subject that the
temperature of surface water is strongly influenced by the
amb ient temperature and the seasons. These values of
temperature are favorable to the good biolog ical
development (Ouhmidou and al., 2014).The range of the
values obtained is located in the range of the temperature
of bearable water by the fresh water shrimps which
support some until 34o C beyond which they are
vulnerable (Griessinger and al., 1990).
The low values of conductivity (34.6 mg/l)
obtained during our study in our rivers would be
explained by nature slightly anthropized of our various
areas catchment and with the nature of the grounds.
These results approaches those obtained by Ajeagah and
Al, 2017 in the river Matourou of the catchment area of
Nyong (25,89 mg/l).The strong value recorded during the
PSP means that there exists in this month a great
concentration of dissolved electrolysable salts which is
explained by the scarcity of the rains.The brutal fall of
conductivity during the great season rain is due to arrival
of the rains leading to the flood. These values of
conductivity (< 35mg/l) respect the standards of quality of
surface water (A E 1999). Light acidity with a tendency of
neutrality recorded in the two rivers could be explained
by the presence of the humuses resulting fro m the
degradation of the sheets died in our rivers wh ich are
under cover vegetal. Welcome (1985) affirms that the
forest rivers, with water with hu mic characteristics rich
person in substance, are slightly with strongly acid with a
pH located between 4 and 7 UC. These forest rivers are
favorable to the development of the watery organizations.
According to (AE 1999), the pH ranging between 6.0 and
8.5 UC is favorable to the expression of the biological
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Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
ISSN: 2456-1878
potentials of many groups.The low values of my study
recorded in the two rivers approaches those recorded by
Ajeagah and Al, 2017 in the same ecological area. These
results could be explained by the fact that water of the
river Lep massoun and Ondomedza is slightly charged.
The values of turbidity (< 35, g/l) recorded are relatively
low and testify to a good ecological quality accord ing to
(MEDD and AE 2003). The differences between the
campaigns mentioned by the test of U of Mann Withney
could be explained by the fact that during the season of
rains the particles are suspended thus affecting
turbidity.The average values of color observed in our
rivers could be explained by the presence of the colloidal
particles of negative charge, these result approach work of
(Ajeagah, Yogback et al. 2017) carried out in the
catchment area of Nyong. Generally, the average values
of dissolved oxygen recorded in our different river make
it possible to qualify their water of passable with good
(Villeneuve, Legare et al. 2006). These oxygen values
which we obtained are inferiors with that obtained by
Agadjihouede, 2006 in the lagoon of large-popo
(9.76mg/l) but are acceptable for a good growth of the
shrimps (Griessinger, Lacroix et al. 1991) for these
authors, with the tops of 5 mg/l, the shrimp is under
favorable conditions of breeding. With the lower parts of
2 mg/l, the shrimps cannot balance their needs anymore
and die when this content persists. The orthophosphate
contents recorded in the river Lep massoun are relatively
weak and significantly varied fro m one season to another
according to the test of Kruskal Wallis (p<0,05).The
strong values recorded during the first countryside which
corresponds to the great season dries 2017 could be due to
the strong mineralizat ion of the organic matter. During
this season the river has undergoes a very significant
stress hydrous which caused the accumulat ion of the
organic matter (sheets dead) as our rivers are under wood
what supports a very thorough mineralisation of the
organic matter. The NH4 + having increased station
Lma1and the Lma3 station in the river Lep massoun is
nevertheless below the standards recommended by the
(SEQ-EA U, M EDD et al. 2013) (Table V).Th is would be
in relat ion to the bacterial deco mposition of the
nitrogenized organic matter of made light reductions in
the contents of O2 dissolved recorded in these periods.
Their weak presence in the river Lep massoun and
Ondoamedza could be explained by made that th e
med iu m is sufficiently o xygenated. For this purpose
(IBGE 2005) stress that it is in absence of o xygen that the
anaerobic bacteria transform nitrates and produce
ammon ia (NH3 ) or ammoniu m (NH4 +).The strong values
of nitrate recorded in the river Ondoamedza during the
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International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB)
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small season of rain could be exp lained by the scru bbing
of the agricultural grounds in the catchment area. Liechti,
2010 underline on this subject which if the contents
nitrates exceed 1.5 mg/ L, there probably was arab le land
scrubbing.
Biological variables
During this study the inventory of shrimps of the
genus Macrobrachium made it possible to put forward 14
shrimp species. This specific richness is higher than that
obtained by (Tchakonte , Ajeagah et al. 2014) in the river
Nsapè in zone périurban of Douala and no species of
Macrobrachium is common for us. Our specific richness
is also high than that obtain by Makoumbou and al., 2015
in the rivers Lokoundje, Kienke and Lobe Rivers of South
Region, Cameroon where we have two species
(Macrobrachiu m macrobrachiu m and Macrobrachiu m
dux).This d ifference could be explained by the fact Nsapè
, Lokoundje, Kien ke and Lobe river are a coastal river and
cuts the throat of the coastal species and the land species.
Of share the position péri urban, the court of water Nsapé
could start to be subject to the influence of the urban
activities contrary to our rivers which are located in rural
zone where the anthropic activity is quasi null. It is also
necessary to note that specific richness of each one of our
rivers is higher than that of (Ajeagah, Yogback et al.
2017)in the river Matourou where only one species of
Macrobrachium was obtained. This difference would be
explained since our rivers are rich in microhabitats
contrary to river Matourou. Our specific richness is higher
than the specific richness of the genus Macrobrachium (6
species) obtained by (Konan 2009) in seven rivers in
Ivory Coast, it is also higher than that obtained in Ivory
Coast in the Boubo river (N'zi, B.G. et al. 2008) where
nine shrimp species identified and also higher than that is
obtained by (Djiriéoulou Kémo madjèh i, Bamba et al.
2017.) in the Forest of the Tanoé-Ehy Marshes in Ivory
Coast. This specific d ifference is exp lained by the
methods of fishing used, the types of sampled habitats and
the periods of sampling. Seasonal of the specific richness
showed that greater specific richness was recorded for the
period of rising. These data show that the liv ing
conditions are more favorable for the watery
organizations during this period (Djiriéoulou
Kémo madjèh i, Bamba et al. 2017.).In our site of study,
Macrobrachium macrobrachion (10,61%) is not
dominating as in work of (Agadjihouede 2006) in the
lagoon of large-popo with a percentage higher than our
(51%), but this p redominance is not observed by (N'zi,
B.G. et al. 2008) in the river Mbou mbo and where it is
Macrobrachium vollenhovenii which dominates rather, in
the river Boubo (N'zi, B.G. et al. 2008) this species is
found only in the station which is very well o xygenated
contrary to our rivers which are fairly o xygenated . We
think that o xygen is a factor d iscriminating for the
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Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
ISSN: 2456-1878
presence or not of Macrobrachium Macrobrachion. The
under predominance of Macrobrachium macrobrachion
in our work is also observed by (Djiriéoulou
Kémo madjèh i, Bamba et al. 2017.), where this species is
dominated by far in the forest of the Tanoé-Ehy Marshes
in Ivory Coast. These observations could be explained by
the environmental conditions which more prochoche or
similar fro m the drill of the marsh Tanoé-Ehy water
where o xygen is not very good. It is however advisable to
underline like Troadec and al. (1967) that the distribution
and the abundance of the macro invertebrates like shrimps
in the rivers, is on the whole, function of the specific
requirements of various taxed and the environmental
characteristics with the various portions of the rivers, as
well as availab ility of food and nature of the substrate. As
regards the reproduction, absolute fruitfulness had an
average of (59 ±35 eggs) which we obtained form
Macrobrachium dux is less than that brought back by
Deeka and Aowei, 2010 (1403 eggs);En i and al, 2013
(442058 eggs) and Boguhe and al, 2016 (19906 ± 6640
eggs) for Macrobrachium macrobrachion. this
fruitfu lness is also less than that found by Kouton (2004)
in the valley of Ouémé, by Goore Bi (1998) in the basin
of Bia in Côte.d'ivoire and by Agadjihouede, 2006 in the
lagoon of Large the popo for the species Macrobrachium
macrobrachion. The weak production of eggs by our
females compared to the others species could due to the
fact that our rivers are less favorable to the develop ment
of this species (low depth, raised color, temperature,
average oxygenation) co mpared to the other rivers
referred to above. The differences observed could also be
allotted to the differences in egg dimension (Beacham and
Murray, 1993), the techniques of sampling and the overall
length of the female (Deeka and aowei, 2010). In
addition, the variations found for fruit fulness can also be
due to the differences of environmental conditions, the
provisioning food, the seasons and the physiological
parameters of environ ment (Bagenal, 1978) and the
physiology of species. Total length of ovigerous females
ranged fro m 50,38 mm to 64,18 mm and egg size varied
fro m 1.5 to 1.9 mm. Co mpared to other species, the eggs
of Macrobrachium dux are larger than those of
Macrobrachium lanchesteri 0.8-1.0 mm and
Macrobrachium olfersii 0.4-0.6 mm reported by Hla et al.
(2005) but nearly similar to those of M. lamarrei (1.1-1.5
mm) reported by the same authors and nearly similar to
the same species in river Orogodo in Nigeria (Orimono
and al., 2007). It was explained that in the genus
Macrobrachium, fruit fulness is associated extremely with
the female age, and that it can increase while the female
becomes ripe (Graziani and Al, 1993) and the size of
eggs. The high average value of RGS (11.44) obtained to
the PSS could be exp lained by the fact that for this period
the ovaries of the individuals females reached a state of
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International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB)
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/3.6.15
more thorough advance compared to the female collected
during the GSS 2017 having a smaller index RGS (4.44).
Kingdom and Erondu (2013) underline for this purpose
that when index RGS lies between 10.55 and 15.57, the
fresh water shrimps enter an intense phase of activity of
reproduction. This is corroboration by the presence of the
ovigerous females with the PSS, corresponding to the
period of laying which takes place fro m July to December
(Villé, 1972). It should be noted that the presence of the
ovigerous females during the GSS 2017 which
corresponds to the period of low water level could be
explained by a new period of reproduction thus knowing
that the reproduction of the genus Macrobrachium is not
continuous throughout the year. In our basins slope the
Macrobrachium dux reproduces twice a year since
production is early and the eggs are rather broad by
consequence the larval develop ment is shortened. In this
connection Gangbe and al., 2016 stress that reduced
fruitfulness is compensated by early fecundation.
V. CONCLUSION
In relation to our work, the diversity and the
fertility of shrimps of the genus Macrobrachium in the
catchment area of Nyong, we conclude that our various
rivers water are of good ecological quality which are
slightly acid, fairly o xygenated, slightly mineral-bearing,
slightly turbide but with a rather significant color. Th is
rivers have a very significant diversity comprising 14
species of genus Macrobrachium which are,
Macrobrachium macrobrachion, Macrobrachium rude,
Macrobrachium niloticus, Macrobrachium dux,
Macrobrachium idea, Macrobrachium sp1,
Macrobrachium sp2, Macrobrachium sp3,
Macrobrachium sp4, Macrobrachium sp4,
Macrobrachium sp5, Macrobrachium sp6,
Macrobrachium sp7 Macrobrachium sp8 and
Macrobrachium sp9. Macrobrachium macrobrachion is
dominate in the river Lep massoun but Macrobrachium
sp8 dominates in river Ondoamedza. We note as a whole
an equal distribution of the species in the river
Lep massoun. They are diversified enough according to
the index o f d iversity of Shannon. The équi-partit ion of
the species in the river Ondoa medza is higher than river
Lep massoun. Macrobrachium macrobrachion
significantly and positively correlated with
Macrobrachium sp7. However this species negatively
correlated with the the color. The species Macrobrachium
sp5 positively correlated with the percntage of saturation
out of O2 . As regards Macrobrachium sp7, it has
significantly and positively correlated with M ES and
alkalinity and finally Macrobrachium sp8 positively
correlated with magnesic hardness.
The species Macrobrachium dux, had 3females
ovigerous whose settlement is do minated by the females.
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Vol-3, Issue-6, Nov-Dec- 2018
ISSN: 2456-1878
The river Lep massoun, the species Macrobrachium
macrobrachion enters in intense phase of activity of
reproduction during the small dry season but another
period of reproduction was observed during the great dry
season. In our basins slope the Macrobrachium dux
reproduces twice a year since production is early and the
eggs are rather broad by consequence the larval
development is shortened. The species Macrobrachium
macrobrachion is a ubiquist in our t wo rivers, it is it more
in the river Lep massoun compared to the other species
and average in the river Ondoamedza. For a better
knowledge of the reproduction of Macrobrachuim in the
forest belt in Cameroon it would be interesting to traverse
other aquatic environments.
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