4734 Bridge Manual APPENDIX A 6/30/03 3:37 PM Page 1

PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

A area of cross section of stringer or beam A (4.6.2.2.1) —

A constant — —
A maximum area of the portion of the supporting surface A (5.10.9.7.2) —
that is similar to the loaded area and concentric with it
and does not overlap similar areas for adjacent anchorage
devices
A effective tension area of concrete surrounding the flexural A (5.7.3.4) A (8.16.8.4)
tension reinforcement and having the same centroid as
that reinforcement, divided by the number of bars or
wires; when the flexural reinforcement consists of several
bar sizes or wires, the number of bars or wires shall be
computed as the total area of reinforcement divided by
the area of the largest bar or wire used
Ab net area of a bearing plate Ab (5.10.9.7.2) —
Ac area of core of spirally reinforced compression member Ac (5.7.4.6) Ac (8.18.2.2.2)
measured to the outside diameter of the spiral
Ac total area of the composite section — —
Ac area of concrete on the flexural tension side of the member — —
Acs cross-sectional area of a concrete strut in strut-and-tie Acs (5.6.3.3.1) —
model
Acv area of concrete section resisting shear transfer Acv (5.8.4.1) Acv (8.16.6.4.5)
Ag gross area of section Ag (5.5.4.2.1) Ag (8.1.2)
Ag gross area of bearing plate Ag (5.10.9.7.2) —
Ah area of shear reinforcement parallel to flexural tension Ah (5.13.2.4.1) Ah(8.15.5.8,
reinforcement 8.16.6.8)
Ao area enclosed by centerlines of the elements of the beam C4.6.2.2.1 —
Aps, A*s area of prestressing steel Aps (5.5.4.2.1) A*s (9.17)
APT transverse post-tensioning reinforcement — —
As area of non-prestressed tension reinforcement As (5.5.4.2.1) As (9.7, 9.19)
As total area of vertical reinforcement located within the
distance (h/5) from the end of the beam — —
A´s area of compression reinforcement A´s (5.7.3.1.1) Aś (9.19)
Asf steel area required to develop the compressive strength of — Asf (9.17)
the overhanging portions of the flange
Ask area of skin reinforcement per unit height in one side face Ask (5.7.3.4) Ask (8.17.2.1.3)

OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS
Asr steel area required to develop the compressive strength of — Asr (9.17-9.19)
the web of a flanged section
Ass area of reinforcement in an assumed strut of a Ass (5.6.3.3.4) —
strut-and-tie model
Ast total area of longitudinal mild steel reinforcement Ast (5.6.3.4.1) Ast (8.16.4.1.2,
8.16.4.2.1)
At area of one leg of closed transverse torsion reinforcement At (5.8.3.6.2) —
Av area of transverse reinforcement within a distance s Av (5.8.2.5) Av (9.20)
Avh area of web reinforcement required for horizontal shear — —
Avf area of shear-friction reinforcement Avf (5.8.4.1) Avf (8.15.5.4.3)
Avf total area of reinforcement, including flexural Avf (5.10.11.4.4) —
reinforcement
Av-min minimum area of web reinforcement — —
a distance from the end of beam to drape point — —
a depth of equivalent rectangular stress block a (5.7.2.2) a (8.16.2.7, 9.17.2)
a lateral dimension of the anchorage device measured a (5.10.9.6.2) —
af distance between concentrated load and face of support af (5.13.2.5.1) —
av shear span, distance between concentrated load and face av (5.13.2.4.1) av (8.15.5.8,
of support 8.16.6.8)
B constant — —
B buoyancy — B (3.22)
BR vehicular braking force BR (3.3.2) —
b the lateral dimension of the anchorage device measured b (5.10.9.6.2) —
parallel to the smaller dimension of the cross-section
b width of bottom flange of the beam — —
b effective flange width — —
b width of beam b (4.6.2.2.1) —
b width of compression face of member b (5.7.3.1.1) b (8.1.2)
b width of pier or diameter of pile — b (3.18.2.2.4)
b´ width of web of a flanged member — b´ (9.1.2)
bv , be effective web width of the precast beam bv (5.8.2.7) —

OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

bv width of cross section at the contact surface being bv (5.8.4.1) bv (9.20)

investigated for horizontal shear
bw width of a web of a flanged member bw (5.7.3.1.1) bw (8.15.5.1.1)
bw width of web adjusted for the presence of ducts bw ( 5.8.2.5) —
C stiffness parameter = K(W/L) — C (3.23.4.3)
C centrifugal force in percent of live load — C (3.10.1)
Ca creep coefficient for deflection at time of erection due to — —
loads applied at release
Cu ultimate creep coefficient — —
Cu´ ultimate creep coefficient for concrete at time of — —
application of the superimposed dead loads
CE vehicular centrifugal force CE (3.3.2) —
CF centrifugal force — CF (3.22)
CR creep CR (3.3.2) —
CT vehicular collision force CT (3.3.2) —
CV vessel collision force CV (3.3.2) —
C (t,to) creep coefficient at a concrete age of t days — —
c cohesion factor c (5.8.4.1) —
c vehicular braking force — —
c distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral axis c (5.7.2.2) c (8.16.2.7)
D parameter used in determination of load fraction of — D (3.23.4.3)
wheel load
D prestressing steel elongation — —
D a constant that varies with bridge type and geometry — —
D width of distribution per lane — —
D dead load D (3.3.2) D (3.22)
DC dead load of structural components and nonstructural DC (5.14.2.3.2) —
attachments
DD downdrag DD (3.3.2) —
D.F. fraction of wheel load applied to beam — D.F. (3.28.1)
DFD distribution factor for deflection — —

OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

DFM distribution factor for bending moment — —

DFm live load distribution factor for moment — —
DFV distribution factor for shear force — —
DL contributing dead load — DL (3.1)
DW dead load of wearing surfaces and utilities DW (3.3.2, —
5.14.2.3.2)
d distance from extreme compressive fiber to centroid of the — d (9.1.2)
pretensioning force
d depth of beam or stringer d (4.6.2.2.1) —
d precast beam depth — —
d distance from extreme compressive fiber to centroid of the — d (9.1.2)
reinforcing but not less than 0.8h . In negative moment
section, the reinforcement is assumed to be located at the
mid-height of the slab. For computing horizontal shear
strength of composite members, d should be the distance
from extreme compression fiber to centroid of tension
reinforcement for entire composite section.
db nominal diameter of a reinforcing bar or wire db (5.10.2.1) db (8.1.2)
db nominal diameter of prestressing steel db (5.10.2.1) D (9.17, 9.27)
dc thickness of concrete cover measured from extreme dc (5.7.3.4) dc (8.16.8.4)
tension fiber to center of bar or wire located closest thereto
de distance between the center of exterior beam and interior de (4.6.2.2.1) —
edge of curb or traffic barrier
de effective depth from extreme compression fiber to the de (5.7.3.3.1) —
centroid of the tensile force in the tensile reinforcement
dext depth of the extreme steel layer from extreme compression — —
fiber
di depth of steel layer from extreme compression fiber — —
dp distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid dp (5.7.3.1.1) —
of the prestressing tendons
ds distance from extreme compression fiber to the centroid ds (5.7.3.2.2) dt (9.7, 9.17-9.19)
of the non-prestressed tensile reinforcement
dv effective shear depth dv (5.8.2.7) —
ds´ distance from extreme compression fiber to centroid of ds´ (5.7.3.2.2) d´ (8.1.2)
compression reinforcement

OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

d" distance from centroid of gross section, neglecting the — d" (8.1.2)
reinforcement, to centroid of tension reinforcement
E earth pressure — —
E width of slab over which a wheel load is distributed — E (3.24.3)
Eb the modulus of elasticity of the bearing plate material Eb (5.10.9.7.2) —
Ec modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec (5.4.2.4) Ec (3.26.3, 8.7.1)
Eci modulus of elasticity of concrete at transfer Eci (5.9.5.2.3a) —
Eeff effective modulus of elasticity Eeff (C5.14.2.3.6) —
Ep, Es modulus of elasticity of pretensioning reinforcement Ep (5.4.4.2) Es (9.16.2.1.2)
Es modulus of elasticity of non-pretensioned reinforcement Es (5.4.3.2) Es (3.26.3, 8.7.2)
Ec* age adjusted effective modulus of concrete for a gradually — —
applied load at the time of release of prestressing
EH horizontal earth pressure load EH (3.3.2) —
EQ earthquake EQ (3.3.2) EQ (3.22.1)
EQ equivalent static horizontal force applied at the center — EQ (3.1)
of gravity of the structure
ES earth surcharge load ES (3.3.2) —
EV vertical pressure from dead load of earth fill EV (3.3.2) —
e eccentricity of the strands at h/2 — —
e eccentricity of strands at transfer length — —
e correction factor for distribution e (4.6.2.2.1) —
e eccentricity of a lane from the center of gravity of the e (4.6.2.2.2d) —
pattern of girders
e the eccentricity of the anchorage device or group of e (5.10.9.6.3) —
devices, with respect to the centroid of the cross-section,
always taken as positive
e´ difference between eccentricity of pretensioning steel at — —
midspan and end span
ec eccentricity of the strand at the midspan — —
ee eccentricity of pretensioning force at end of beam — —
eg distance between the centers of gravity of the basic eg (4.6.2.2.1) —
beam and deck

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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

ep eccentricity of the prestressing strands with respect to — —

the centroid of the section
Fb allowable tensile stress in the precompressed tensile — —
zone at service loads
Fb allowable bending stress — Fb (2.7.4.2)
Fcj force in concrete for the j th component — —
FR friction FR (3.3.2) —
Fpi total force in strands before release — —
Fε reduction factor Fε (5.8.3.4.2) —
f stress — —
fD sum of dead load bending stresses — —
f(L+I) live load plus impact bending stress — —
fb concrete stress at the bottom fiber of the beam — —
fb average bearing stress in concrete on loaded area — fb (8.15.2.1.3,
8.16.7.1)
fc extreme fiber compressive stress in concrete at service loads — fc (8.15.2.1.1)
fc´ specified compressive strength of concrete at 28 days, fc´ (5.4.2.1) fc´ (8.1.2)
unless another age is specified
fca concrete compressive stress ahead of the anchorage devices fca (5.10.9.6.2) —
fcds average concrete compressive stress at the c.g. of the — fcds (9.16)
prestressing steel under full dead load
fcgp concrete stress at the center of gravity of pretensioning fcgp (5.9.5.2.3a) fcir (9.16)
tendons, due to pretensioning force at transfer and the
self-weight of the member at the section of maximum
positive moment
fci´ compressive strength of concrete at time of initial prestress fci´ (5.9.1.2) fci´ (9.15)
fct average splitting tensile strength of lightweight fct (5.8.2.2) fct (9.1.2)
aggregate concrete
(fc´ )t compressive strength of concrete at t days — —
fcu the limiting concrete compressive stress for design by fcu (5.6.3.3.1) —
strut-and-tie model
fd stress due to unfactored dead load, at extreme fiber of — fd (9.20)
section where tensile stress is caused by externally
applied loads

OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

ff fatigue stress range in reinforcement ff (5.5.3.2) ff (8.16.8.3)

fmin algebraic minimum stress level in reinforcement fmin (5.5.3.2) fmin (8.16.8.3)
fn nominal concrete bearing stress fn (5.10.9.7.2)
fpb compressive stress at bottom fiber of the beam due to — —
prestress force
fpc compressive stress in concrete (after allowance for all fpc(C5.6.3.5) fpc (9.20)
prestress losses) at centroid of cross section resisting
externally applied loads or at junction of web and flange
when the centroid lies within the flange (In a composite
member, fpc is resultant compressive stress at centroid of
composite section, or at junction of web and flange when
the centroid lies within the flange, due to both prestress
and moments resisted by precast member acting alone.)
fpe effective prestress after losses fpe (5.6.3.4.1) fse
fpe compressive stress in concrete due to effective prestress — fpe (9.20)
forces only (after allowance for all prestress losses) at
extreme fiber of section where tensile stress is caused by
externally applied loads
fpi initial stress immediately before transfer — —
fpj stress in the prestressing steel at jacking fpj (5.9.3) —
fpo stress in the prestressing steel when the stress in the fpo (5.8.3.4.2) —
surrounding concrete is 0.0
fps average stress in prestressing steel at the time for which the fps (C5.6.3.3.3) —
nominal resistance of member is required
fpt stress in prestressing steel immediately after transfer fpt (5.9.3) —
fpu, fs´ ultimate strength of prestressing steel fpu (5.4.4.1) fs´ (9.15, 9.17)
fpy yield point stress of prestressing steel fpy (5.4.4.1) fy* (9.15)
fr the modulus of rupture of concrete fr (5.4.2.6) fr (9.18,
8.15.2.1.1)
fs allowable stress in steel, but not taken greater than 20 ksi — —
fs tensile stress in reinforcement at service loads — fs (8.15.2.2)
fsa tensile stress in the reinforcement at service loads fsa (5.7.3.4) —
fse effective final pretension stress — —
fsi effective initial pretension stress — —
fsu* stress in prestressing tension steel at ultimate load — fsu*

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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

ft extreme fiber tensile stress in concrete at service loads — ft (8.15.2.1.1)

ft concrete stress at top fiber of the beam for the — —
non-composite section
ftc concrete stress at top fiber of the slab for the — —
composite section
ftg concrete stress at top fiber of the beam for the — —
composite section

fy specified yield strength of non-prestressed conventional fy (5.5.4.2.1), fy (8.1.2), fy´

reinforcement fy´(5.7.3.1.1) (9.19), fsy (9.19,
9.20)
fyh specified yield strength of transverse reinforcement fyh (5.7.4.6) —
g A factor used to multiply the total longitudinal response — —
of the bridge due to a single longitudinal line of wheel
loads in order to determine the maximum response of
a single girder
g distribution factor g (4.6.2.2.1) —
H average annual ambient mean relative humidity, percent H (5.4.2.3.2) RH (9.16.2.1.1)
H height of wall H (A13.4.2) —
h overall thickness or depth of a member h (5.8.2.7) h (9.20)
hc total height of composite section — —
hf compression flange thickness hf (5.7.3.1.1) hf (8.1.2)
I moment of inertia about the centroid of the Ig (5.7.3.6.2) I (9.20)
non-composite precast beam
Ic moment of inertia of composite section — —
Icr moment of inertia of cracked section transformed Icr (5.7.3.6.2) Icr (8.13.3)
to concrete
Ie effective moment of inertia Ie (5.7.3.6.2) Ie (8.13.3)
Ig moment of inertia of the gross concrete section about the Ig (5.7.3.6.2) Ig (3.23.4.3,
centroidal axis, neglecting reinforcement 8.1.2, 9.20)
Is moment of inertia of reinforcement about centroidal axis Is (5.7.4.3) Is (8.1.2)
of member cross section
IC ice load — —
ICE ice pressure — ICE (3.22.1)
IM vehicular dynamic load allowance IM (3.6.1.2.5) I (3.8.2)
OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

J gross St. Venant torsional constant of the precast member J (4.6.2.2.1) J (3.23.4.3)
K a non-dimensional constant — —
K effective length factor for compression members K (5.7.4.1) k (8.16.5.2.3)
K factor used for calculating time-dependent losses — —
K wobble friction coefficient K (5.9.5.2.2b) K (9.16)
Kg longitudinal stiffness parameter Kg (4.6.2.2.1) K (3.23.4)
Kr factor used for calculating relaxation loss occurs prior
to transfer
k factor used in calculation of distribution factor for k (4.6.2.2) —
multi-beam bridges
k factor used in calculation of average stress in pretensioning — —
steel for Strength Limit State
k live load distribution constant for spread box girders — k (3.28.1)
kc product of applicable correction factors = kla (kh) (ks) — —
kc a factor for the effect of the volume-to-surface ratio kc (5.4.2.3.2) —
kcp correction factor for curing period — —
kf a factor for the effect of concrete strength kf (5.4.2.3.2) —
kh correction factor for relative humidity kh (5.4.2.3.3) —
kla correction factor for loading age — —
ks product of applicable correction factors = kcp (kh) (ks) — —
ks correction factor for size ks (5.4.2.3.3) —
L length in feet of the span under consideration for positive — L (3.8.2.1)
moment and the average of two adjacent loaded spans
for negative moment
L Overall beam length or design span — —
L span length measured parallel to longitudinal beams — —
L length of the loaded portion of span from section under — —
consideration to the far reaction when computing shear
due to truck loads.
L loaded length of span L (5.7.3.1.2) L (3.8.2)
LL, L live load LL (3.3.2) L (3.22)
L total length of prestressing steel from anchorage to anchorage — —

OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

Lc critical length of yield line failure pattern Lc (A13.4.2) —

LF longitudinal force from live load — LF (3.22)
LS live load surcharge LS (3.3.2) —
Lr intrinsic relaxation of the strand — —
ld development length — —
lt transfer length — —
lu unsupported length of compression member lu (5.7.4.1) lu (8.16.5.2.1)
Mb unfactored bending moment due to barriers weight — —
Mc flexural resistance of cantilevered wall — —
MCIP unfactored bending moment due to cast-in-place — —
topping slab
Mconst unfactored bending moment due to construction load — —
Mcr moment causing flexural cracking at section due to Mcr (5.7.3.6.2) Mcr (8.13.3, 9.20)
externally applied loads
Mcr* cracking moment — Mcr* (9.18)
MD unfactored bending moment due to diaphragm weight — —
Md bending moment at section due to unfactored dead load — —
Md/nc non-composite dead load moment — Md/nc (9.18)
Mf unfactored bending moment due to fatigue truck per beam — —
Mg unfactored bending moment due to beam self-weight — —
MLL unfactored bending moment due to lane load per beam — —
MLL+I unfactored bending moment due to live load + impact — —
MLT unfactored bending moment due to truck load with — —
dynamic allowance per beam
Mmax maximum factored moment at section due to externally — Mmax (9.20)
applied loads
Mn nominal flexural resistance Mn (5.7.3.2.1) Mn (9.1.2)
Mn/dc non-composite dead load moment at the section — —
Mr factored flexural resistance of a section in bending Mr (5.7.3.2.1) —
Mservice total bending moment for service load combination — —

OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

MS unfactored bending moment due to slab and haunch weights — —

MSDL unfactored bending moment due to super-imposed — —
dead loads
MSIP unfactored bending moment due to stay-in-place panel — —
Mu factored moment at section ≤ φMn Mu (C5.6.3.1) Mu (9.17, 9.18)
Msw moment at section of interest due to self-weight of the — —
member plus any permanent loads acting on the
member at time of release
Mws unfactored bending moment due to wearing surface — —
Mx bending moment at a distance (x) from the support — —
m material parameter — —
m stress ratio = (fy / 0.85 ) — —
N group number — N (3.22.1)
Nb, NB number of beams Nb (4.6.2.2.1) NB (3.28.1)
NL number of traffic lanes NL (4.6.2.2.1, NL (3.23.4)
3.6.1.1.1)
NL number of traffic lanes — —
Nu applied factored axial force taken as positive if tensile — —
Nuc factored axial force normal to the cross section, occurring Nuc (5.13.2.4.1) Nu (8.16.6.2.2)
simultaneously with Vu to be taken as positive for
tension, negative for compression; includes effects of
tension due to creep and shrinkage
n modular ratio of elasticity - Es/Ec n (5.7.1) n (8.15.3.4)
P concentrated wheel load P (3.6.1.2.5) —
P live load intensity P (C3.11.6.2) —
P live load on sidewalk — P (3.14.1.1)
P load on one rear wheel of truck — P (3.24.3)
P Diaphragm weight concentrated at quarter points — —
Pc permanent net compression force Pc (5.8.4.1) —
Peff effective post-tensioning force — —
Pi total pretensioning force immediately after transfer — —
Pn nominal axial load strength at given eccentricity Pn (5.5.4.2.1) Pn (8.1.2)

OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

Pn nominal axial resistance of strut or tie Pn (5.6.3.2) —

Pn nominal bearing resistance Pn (5.7.5) —
Pnx nominal axial load strength corresponding to Mnx, with — Pnx (8.16.4.3)
bending considered in the direction of the x axis only
Pny nominal axial load strength corresponding to Mny, with — Pny (8.16.4.3)
bending considered in the direction of the y axis only
Pnxy nominal axial load strength with biaxial loading — Pnxy (8.16.4.3)
Po nominal axial load strength of a section at 0.0 eccentricity Po (5.7.4.5) Po (8.16.4.2.1)
Ppe total pretensioning force after all losses — —
Ps prestress force before initial losses — —
Ps design jacking force — —
Pse effective pretension force after allowing for all losses — —
Psi effective pretension force after allowing for the initial losses — —
Pr factored bursting resistance of pretensioned anchorage — —
zone provided by transverse reinforcement
PT factored axial resistance of strut or tie Pr (5.6.3.2) —
PT factored bursting resistance of pretensioned anchorage t Pr (5.10.10.1) —
zone provided by transverse reinforcemen
PL pedestrian live load PL (3.3.2) —
p fraction of truck traffic in a single lane p (3.6.1.4.2) —
p A´s /bd, ratio of non-prestressed tension reinforcement — p (9.7, 9.17-9.19)
p´ A´s /bd, ratio of compression reinforcement — p´ (9.19)
p* As*/bd, ratio of prestressing steel — p* (9.17, 9.19)
pc outside perimeter of the concrete section pc (5.8.2.1) —
ph perimeter of the centerline of the closed transverse torsion ph (5.8.3.6.2) —
reinforcement
Q first moment of inertia of the area above the fiber being — —
considered
Q statical moment of cross sectional area, above or below the — Q (9.20)
level being investigated for shear, about the centroid
Q total factored load Q (3.4.1) —
q generalized load q (3.4.1) —

OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

qi specified loads qi (3.4.1) —

R reaction on exterior beam in terms of lanes — —
R rib shortening — R (3.22)
Ru flexural resistance factor — —
Rw total transverse resistance of the railing Rw (A13.4.2) —
r radius of gyration of cross section of a compression member r (5.7.4.1) r (8.16.5.2.2)
r/h ratio of base radius to height of rolled-on transverse r/h (5.5.3.2) —
deformations
S coefficient related to site conditions for use in determining S (3.10.5) —
seismic loads)
S surface area of concrete exposed to drying — —
S shrinkage — S (3.22)
S spacing of beams — S (3.23.3, 3.28.1)
S effective span length of the deck slab — S (3.25.1.3)
S width of precast member — S (3.23.4.3)
Sb noncomposite section modulus for the extreme fiber of — Sb (9.18)
section where the tensile stress is caused by externally
applied loads
Sbc composite section modulus for extreme bottom fiber of — —
the precast beam, Ic/ybc
Sc composite section modulus for the extreme fiber of section — Sc (9.18)
where the tensile stress is caused by externally applied loads
St section modulus for the extreme top fiber of the — —
non-composite precast beam
Stc composite section modulus for top fiber of the slab, — —
Ic/(n)(ytc)
Stg composite section modulus for top fiber of the precast — —
beam, Ic/ytg
Su ultimate free shrinkage strain in the concrete adjusted for — —
member size and relative humidity
S(t,to) shrinkage strain at a concrete age of t days — —
SE settlement SE (3.3.2) —
SF stream flow pressure — SF (3.22)

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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

SH shrinkage SH (3.3.2, S (3.22)

5.14.2.3.2)
SR fatigue stress range — —
s spacing of shear reinforcement in direction parallel to the s(5.8.4.1) s (9.20)
longitudinal reinforcement
s effective deck span — s (3.25.1.3)
s length of a side element s (C4.6.2.2.1) —
s spacing of rows of ties s (5.8.4.1) —
T collision force at deck slab level — —
T mean daily air temperature T (C3.9.2.2) —
Tburst the tensile force in the anchorage zone acting ahead of the Tburst (5.10.9.6.3) —
anchorage device and transverse to the tendon axis
Tcr torsional cracking resistance Tcr (5.8.2.1) —
Tn nominal torsion resistance Tn (5.8.2.1) —
TT factored torsional resistance provided by circulatory Tr (5.8.2.1) —
shear flow
Tu factored torsional moment Tu (C5.6.3.1) —
TG temperature gradient TG (3.3.2, C4.6.6) —
TU uniform temperature TU (3.3.2) —
t thickness of web — —
t thickness of an element of the beam — —
t time in days t (5.4.2.3.2) —
t average thickness of the flange of a flanged member — t (9.17, 9.18)
t deck thickness — t (3.25.1.3)
tf thickness of flange — —
ti age of concrete when load is initially applied ti (5.4.2.3.2) —
tla loading ages in days — —
ts depth of concrete slab ts (4.6.2.2.1) —
to age of concrete in days at the end of the initial curing period — —
V design shear force at section — V (8.15.5.1.1)

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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

V variable spacing of truck axles — V (3.7.6)

V volume of concrete — —
Vc nominal shear resistance provided by tensile stresses in Vc (5.8.2.4) Vc (9.20, 8.16.6.1)
the concrete
Vci nominal shear strength provided by concrete when — Vci (9.20)
diagonal cracking results from combined shear and moment
Vcw nominal shear strength provided by concrete when — Vcw (9.20)
diagonal cracking results from excessive principal tensile
stress in web
Vd shear force at section due to unfactored dead load — Vd (9.20)
Vi factored shear force at section due to externally applied — Vi (9.20)
loads occurring simultaneously with Mmax
VLL unfactored shear force due to lane load per beam — —
VLL+I unfactored shear force due to live load plus impact — —
VLT unfactored shear force due to truck load with dynamic — —
allowance per beam
Vmu ultimate shear force occurring simultaneously with Mu — —
Vn nominal shear resistance of the section considered Vn (5.8.2.1) Vn (8.16.6.1)
Vnh nominal horizontal shear strength — Vnh(8.16.6.5.3,
9.20)
Vp component in the direction of the applied shear of the Vp (C5.8.2.3) Vp (9.20)
effective pretensioning force, positive if resisting the
applied shear
Vs shear resistance provided by shear reinforcement Vs (5.8.3.3) Vs (8.16.6.1, 9.20)
VT factored shear resistance Vr (5.8.2.1) —
Vu factored shear force at section Vu (C5.6.3.1) Vu (8.16.6.1, 9.20)
Vuh factored horizontal shear force per unit length of the beam — —
Vx shear force at a distance (x) from the support — —
v factored design shear stress v (5.8.3.4.2) v (8.15.5.1.1)
v permissible horizontal shear stress — v (9.20)
vc permissible shear stress carried by concrete — vc (8.15.5.2)
WS, W wind load on structure WS (3.3.2) W (3.22)
W overall width of bridge — W (3.23.4.3)
OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

W roadway width between curbs — W (3.28.1)

WA water load and stream pressure WA (3.3.2) —
WL wind load on live load WL (3.3.2) WL (3.22)
w width of clear roadway w (3.6.1.1.1) —
w a uniformly distributed load — —
wb weight of barriers — —
wc unit weight of concrete wc (5.4.2.4) wc (8.1.2)
wg beam self-weight — —
ws slab and haunch weights — —
wws weight of future wearing surface — —
X distance from load to point of support — X (3.24.5.1)
Xext horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the Xext (C4.6.2.2.2d) —
pattern of girders to the exterior girder
x the distance from the support to the section under question — —
x horizontal distance from the center of gravity of the x (C4.6.2.2.2d) —
pattern of girders to each girder
x length of prestressing steel element from jack end to x (5.9.5.2.2b) L (9.16)
point x
yb distance from centroid to the extreme bottom fiber of the — —
non-composite precast beam
ybc distance from the centroid of the composite section to — —
extreme bottom fiber of the precast beam
ybs distance from the center of gravity of strands to the — —
bottom fiber of the beam
yt distance from centroid to the extreme top fiber of the — —
non-composite precast beam
yt distance from centroidal axis of gross section, neglecting yt (5.7.3.6.2) yt (8.13.3, 9.20)
reinforcement, to extreme fiber in tension
ytc distance from the centroid of the composite section to — —
extreme top fiber of the slab
ytg distance from the centroid of the composite section to — —
extreme top fiber of the precast beam
Z crack control parameter Z (5.7.3.4) —

OCT 97
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PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

Z factor reflecting exposure conditions — —

α angle of inclination of transverse reinforcement to α (5.8.3.3) —
longitudinal axis
α angle between inclined shear reinforcement and α (5.8.3.3) α (8.1.2)
longitudinal axis of member
α factor used in calculating elastic shortening loss — —
α total angular change of prestressing steel path from jacking α (5.9.5.2.2b) α (9.16)
end to a point under investigation
α the angle of inclination of a tendon force, with respect to α (5.10.9.6.3) —
the centerline of the member
αh total horizontal angular change of prestressing steel path αh (5.9.5.2.2b) —
from jacking end to a point under investigation
αs angle between compressive strut and adjoining tension tie αs (5.6.3.3.3) —
αv total vertical angular change of prestressing steel path from αv (5.9.5.2.2b) —
jacking end to a point under investigation
β factor indicating ability of diagonally cracked concrete to β (5.8.3.3) —
transmit tension (a value indicating concrete contribution)
β factor relating effect of longitudinal strain on the shear β (5.8.3.3) —
capacity of concrete, as indicated by the ability of
diagonally cracked concrete to transmit tension
βb ratio of area of reinforcement cut off to total area of βb (5.11.1.2.1) βb (8.24.1.4.2)
reinforcement at the section
βd absolute value of ratio of maximum dead load moment to βd (5.7.4.3) βd (8.1.2)
maximum total load moment, always positive
βD load combination coefficient for dead loads — βD (3.22.1)
βL load combination coefficient for live loads — βL (3.22.1)
β1 ratio of depth of equivalent compression zone to depth β1 (5.7.2.2) β1(8.16.2.7,9.17-
9.19)
∆ deflection — —
∆beam deflection due to beam self-weight — —
∆b+ws deflection due to barrier and wearing surface weights — —
∆fcdp change in concrete stress at c.g. of prestressing steel due ∆fcdp (5.9.5.4.3) —
to all dead loads, except dead load acting at the time the
prestressing force is applied
∆fpA loss in prestressing steel stress due to anchorage set ∆fpA (5.9.5.1) —

OCT 97
4734 Bridge Manual APPENDIX A 6/30/03 3:37 PM Page 18

PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

∆fpCR loss in prestressing steel stress due to creep ∆fpCR (5.9.5.1) CRc (9.16)
∆fpES loss in prestressing steel stress due to elastic shortening ∆fpES (5.9.5.1) ES (9.16)
∆fpF loss in prestressing steel stress due to friction ∆fpF (5.9.5.1) —
∆fpi total loss in pretensioning steel stress immediately — —
after transfer
∆fpR total loss in prestressing steel stress due to relaxation of steel ∆fpR (5.9.5.1) CRs (9.16)
∆fpR1 loss in prestressing steel stress due to relaxation of steel ∆fpR1 (5.9.5.4.4b) —
at transfer
∆fpR2 loss in prestressing steel stress due to relaxation of steel ∆fpR2 (5.9.5.4.4c) —
after transfer
∆fpSR loss in prestressing steel stress due to shrinkage ∆fpSR (5.9.5.1) SH (9.16)
∆fpT total loss in prestressing steel stress ∆fpT (5.9.5.1) —
∆fs total prestress loss, excluding friction — ∆fs (9.16)
∆D deflection due to diaphragm weight — —
∆L deflection due to specified live load — —
∆LL+I deflection due to live load and impact — —
∆LL deflection due to lane load — —
∆LT deflection due to design truck load and impact — —
∆max maximum allowable live load deflection — —
∆p camber due pretension force at transfer — —
∆SDL deflection due to barrier and wearing surface weights — —
∆slab deflection due to the weights of slab and haunch — —
ε strain — —
εcu the failure strain of concrete in compression εcu (5.7.3.1.2) —
εps strain in prestressing steel — —
εs tensile strain in cracked concrete in direction of tension tie εs (5.6.3.3.3) —
εsh concrete shrinkage strain at a given time εsh (5.4.2.3.3) —
εsi strain in tendons corresponding to initial effective — —
pretension stress
εx longitudinal strain in the web reinforcement on the εx (5.8.3.4.2) —
flexural tension side of the member

OCT 97
4734 Bridge Manual APPENDIX A 6/30/03 3:37 PM Page 19

PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

ε1 principal tensile strain in cracked concrete due to ε1 (5.6.3.3.3) —

factored loads
φ resistance factor φ (5.5.4.2.1) φ (8.16.1.2)
φc curvature at midspan — —
φ0 curvature at support — —
γ load factor — γ (3.22)
γ* factor for type of prestressing steel — γ* (9.17)
= 0.28 for low-relaxation steel
= 0.40 for stress-relieved steel
= 0.55 for bars
γi load factor γi (3.4.1) —
γp load factor for permanent loading γp (3.4.1) —
η variable load modifier which depends on ductility, η (3.4.1) —
redundancy and operational importance
κ a correction factor for closely spaced anchorages κ (5.10.9.6.2) —
λ parameter used to determine friction coefficient and it is λ (5.8.4.2) λ (8.15.5.4,
related to unit weight for concrete 8.16.6.4)
µ coefficient of friction µ (5.8.4.1) µ (8.15.5.4.3)
µ Poisson's ratio — µ (3.23.4.3)
θ skew angle — —
θ angle of inclination of diagonal compressive stresses θ (5.8.3.3) —
θs angle between compression strut and longitudinal axis of θs (5.6.3.3.2) —
the member in a shear truss model of a beam
ρ tension reinforcement ratio - As/bwd, As/bd — ρ (8.1.2)
ρ´ compression reinforcement ratio = As´/bd — ρ´ (8.1.2)
ρ* A *s , ratio of pretensioning reinforcement — ρ* (9.17, 9.19)
bd
ρactual actual ratio of nonpretensioned reinforcement — —

ρb reinforcement ratio producing balanced strain conditions — ρb (8.16.3.1.1)

ρmin minimum ratio of tension reinforcement to effective ρmin (5.7.3.3.2) —

concrete area

ρv ratio of area of vertical shear reinforcement to area of gross ρv (5.10.11.4.2) —

concrete area of a horizontal section

OCT 97
4734 Bridge Manual APPENDIX A 6/30/03 3:37 PM Page 20

PCI BRIDGE DESIGN MANUAL APPENDIX A

NOTATION

CORRESPONDING CORRESPONDING
AASHTO AASHTO
LRFD STANDARD
SYMBOL DESCRIPTION SPECIFICATIONS SPECIFICATIONS

ψ a factor reflects the fact that the actual relaxation is less — —

than the intrinsic relaxation
ψ angle of harped pretensioned reinforcement — —
ψ(t,ti) creep coefficient - the ratio of the strain which exists t days ψ(t,ti) (5.4.2.3.2) —
after casting to the elastic strain caused when load pi is
applied ti days after casting
χ aging coefficient — —

OCT 97