Chapter-1-Scope and Defination

(1) It is the intent of this Code to set forth engi-

neering requirements deemed necessary for safe design
and construction of piping installations.
(2) This Code is not intended to apply to the opera-
tion, examination, inspection, testing, maintenance, or repair of piping that has been
placed in service. See
para. F300.1 for examples of standards that may apply
in these situations. The provisions of this Code may
optionally be applied for those purposes, although other
considerations may also be necessary.
(6) Compatibility of materials with the service and
hazards from instability of contained fluids are not
within the scope of this Code. See para. F323.

2) For metallic piping not designated by the owner

as Category M, High Pressure, or High Purity Fluid
AWS A3.0, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, Including
Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering, Thermal
Coupling and Thermal Spraying

300.1.3 Exclusions. This Code excludes the

following:
(a) piping systems designed for internal gage pres-
sures at or above zero but less than 105 kPa (15 psi),
provided the fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic,
and not damaging to human tissues as defined in 300.2,
and its design temperature is from −29°C (−20°F)
through 186°C (366°F)
(b) power boilers in accordance with BPV Code2
Section I and boiler external piping that is required to
conform to B31.1
(c) tubes, tube headers, crossovers, and manifolds of
fired heaters that are internal to the heater enclosure
(d) pressure vessels, heat exchangers, pumps, com-
pressors, and other fluid handling or processing equip-
ment, including internal piping and connections for
external piping
fluid service: a general term concerning the application
of a piping system, considering the combination of fluid
properties, operating conditions, and other factors that
establish the basis for design of the piping system. See
Appendix M.
(a) Category D Fluid Service: a fluid service in which
all of the following apply:
(1) the fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic,
and not damaging to human tissues as defined in
para. 300.2
(2) the design gage pressure does not exceed
1 035 kPa (150 psi)
(3) the design temperature is not greater than 186°C
(366°F)
(4) the fluid temperature caused by anything other
than atmospheric conditions is not less than −29°C
(−20°F)
(b) Category M Fluid Service: a fluid service in which
both of the following apply:
(1) the fluid is so highly toxic that a single exposure
to a very small quantity of the fluid, caused by leakage,
can produce serious irreversible harm to persons on
breathing or bodily contact, even when prompt restor-
ative measures are taken
(2) after consideration of piping design, experience,
service conditions, and location, the owner determines
that the requirements for Normal Fluid Service do not
Chapter-II-Design

(a) The design pressure of each component in a piping

system shall be not less than the pressure at the most
severe condition of coincident internal or external pres-
sure and temperature (minimum or maximum) expected
during service, except as provided in para. 302.2.4.
301.3 Design Temperature
The design temperature of each component in a piping
system is the temperature at which, under the coincident
pressure, the greatest thickness or highest component
rating is required in accordance with para. 301.2. (To
satisfy the requirements of para. 301.2, different compo-
nents in the same piping system may have different
design temperatures.)
In establishing design temperatures, consider at least
the fluid temperatures, ambient temperatures, solar
radiation, heating or cooling medium temperatures, and
the applicable provisions of paras. 301.3.2, 301.3.3, and
301.3.4
pressure–temperature ratings contained in standards for
piping components listed in Table 326.1

1) Subject to the owner’s approval, it is permissible

to exceed the pressure rating or the allowable stress
for pressure design at the temperature of the increased
condition by not more than
(-a) 33% for no more than 10 h at any one time
and no more than 100 h/y, or
(-b) 20% for no more than 50 h at any one time
and no more than 500 h/y. Same is not applicable to valve. (take mfg. consent)
(b) Shear and Bearing. Allowable stresses in shear shall
be 0.80 times the basic allowable stress in tension tabu-
lated in Appendix A. Allowable stress in bearing shall
be 1.60 times that value.
(c) Compression. Allowable stresses in compression
shall be no greater than the basic allowable stresses in
tension as tabulated in Appendix A. Consideration shall
be given to structural stability.
[If a component is made of castings joined by longitudinal welds,
both a casting and a weld joint quality factor shall be applied. The
equivalent quality factor E is the product of Ec, Table A-1A, and
Ej, Table A-1B.
(a) General. The casting quality factors, Ec, defined
herein shall be used for cast components not having
pressure–temperature ratings established by standards
in Table 326.1

302.3.4 Weld Joint Quality Factor, Ej

(a) Basic Quality Factors. The weld joint quality fac-
tors, Ej, tabulated in Table A-1B are basic factors for
straight or spiral (helical seam) welded joints for
pressure-containing components as shown in
Table 302.3.4.
Table 302.3.4 Longitudinal Weld Joint Quality Factor, Ej
For carbon steel, W p1.0 for all temperatures. For materials other than carbon steel, CrMo, CSEF,
and the austenitic alloys listed in
Table 302.3.5, W shall be as follows: For Ti ≤ Tcr, W p1.0. For Tcr < Ti ≤ 1,500°F, W p1 − 0.000909(Ti
− Tcr). If Ti exceeds the upper
temperature for which an allowable stress value is listed in Appendix A for the base metal, the
value for W is the responsibility of the
designer
304.1.3 Straight Pipe Under External Pressure. To
determine wall thickness and stiffening requirements
for straight pipe under external pressure, the procedure
outlined in the BPV Code, Section VIII, Division 1, UG-28
through UG-30 shall be followed.
(b) For t ≥ D/6 or for P/SE > 0.385, calculation of
pressure design thickness for straight pipe requires spe-
cial consideration of factors such as theory of failure,
effects of fatigue, and thermal stress.
Factor 'y' is dimentional factor,
temperature and material dependant

An angular offset of 3 deg or less (angle in Fig. 304.2.3) does not require design
consideration as a miter bend.

Here D>6t i.e. pipe thicker as compare to diameter

Chapter-II-Design
As per B31.3, the branch confuigration can be max to equal tee with ration of D<100t (thin pipe limit). Angle of branching
(b) the branch connection is made by welding a listed threaded or socket welding coupling or listed half coupling directly t
in accordance with para. 328.5.4 provided the size of the branch does not exceed DN 50 nor one-fourth the nominal size of
In no case shall a coupling or half coupling have a rating less than Class 3000 in accordance with ASME B16.11

when the branch does not intersect the longitu dinal weld of the run, the basic allowable stress, S, for the pipe may be use
th for the purpose of reinforcement calculation only. When the branch does intersect the longitudinal weld of the run, the
allows to have branch on long weld seam of pipe.

Code allows to have multiple branches with overlapping RF zone, different RF pad material & may have different S value.
The extruded outlet projects above the surface of the header a distance hx at least equal to the external radius of the outle
When there is vibration, Pr-Tm cycle instead of Pipe-Pipe branch use reducing fittings
Blank Cal
Design of Blanks

Design of unlisted components : For unlisted components, ask for compliance to 304.7.2 of B31.3,
check design cal, stress analysis, proof test

Chapter III-Materials
Low temp application for CS material is in fig 323.2.2A. If material lower design temp and thickness
combination is above cureve (ABCD) no impacttesting needed.Check note 6 for Blinds.
No impact testing is needed for CS where min design temp >=-104 Deg c and above the curves and
satisfies the stress intensification <03..
CS can be used to -29. If needs to be used -48, this can be done w/o impact testing with help of
stress ration curve. If Stress intensification i.e. P/S ration <0.3 then CS can be used w/o impact
testing up to -104 but if P/s >0.3 then -48 is limit

Ductile Iron is having limitation -29 to +343 . Check the PT rating for Ductile iron valves. Reference
to other cast materials and high Si casting is made. Check sec 323.4.3 for clading and lining
materials
PART-3: FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING
COMPONENTS

Pipe for only Cat D

For cyclic Pr-T use pipe with Ej>90 however restriction on API 5L grades
Cat-D, Cat-M, Cat-N, Cat-elevated temp, Cat-Clean
306.1.4 Fittings for Severe Cyclic Conditions (a) Only the following fittings may be used under
severe cyclic conditions:
(1) forged.
(2) wrought, seamless or welded. If welded,
requires 100% radiograph (3) cast, with factor Ec ≥ 0.90.
Miter with angle >45 can only be used in Cat D and that of <45 can be used for N. For severe cyclic
condition <22.5
Restriction on use of Lap flanges for Cat N / Cat M
Restriction on Valves :
Bolted bonnet
Antiblowout stem
Restriction Flanges:
Slip on shall be double welded
Restriction on bolting
Low Yield Strength Bolting. Bolting having not more than 207 MPa (30 ksi) specified minimum
yield strength shall not be used for flanged joints rated ASME B16.5 Class 400 and higher, nor for
flanged joints using metallic gaskets, unless calculations have been made showing adequate
strength to maintain joint tightness
Restriction on socket weld
Socket welds larger than DN 50 (NPS 2) shall not be used under severe cyclic conditions
Seal welds may be used only to prevent leakage of threaded joints. Not for stregth

Restriction on Threaded joints

Threaded joints should be avoided in any service where crevice corrosion, severe erosion, or cyclic
loading may occur.
Minimum thk of pipe having external thread is in Table 314.2.1, Sch 80
Chapter-II-Design
Blank Cal
Chapter V-Fabrication, Assembly & Erection

(a) The nominal tensile strength of the weld metal

shall equal or exceed the minimum specified tensile
strength of the base metals being joined, or the weaker
of the two if base metals of two different strengths are
being joined
(b) The nominal chemical analysis of the weld metal
shall be similar to the nominal chemical analysis of the
major alloying elements of the base metal (e.g., 21⁄4% Cr,
1% Mo steels should be joined using 21⁄4% Cr, 1% Mo
filler metals).
(c) If base metals of different chemical analysis are
being joined, the nominal chemical analysis of the weld
metal shall be similar to either base metal or an interme-
diate composition, except as specified below for austen-
itic steels joined to ferritic steels.
(d) When austenitic steels are joined to ferritic steels,
the weld metal shall have a predominantly austenitic
microstructure.

Buttweld fittings manufactured in accordance

with ASME B16.9 may be trimmed to produce an angular
joint offset in their connections to pipe or to other butt-
weld fittings without being subject to design qualifica-
tions in accordance with para. 304.7.2 provided the total
angular offset produced between the two jointed parts
does not exceed 3 deg.

PWHT
refer Table 331.1.1 for PWHT requirements and Table 331.1.3 for Exemptions to
Mandatory Postweld Heat Treatment.
Check material grouping in ASME BPVC IX.
Pno-1 (C-Mn) material is exempted from PWHT
P5/P9 (P no 5B/15E) No PWHT is must
Austenetic SS (P no 8) Niether required nor exempted
Inspection & Testing
341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria. Acceptance criteria
shall be as stated in the engineering design and shall at
least meet the applicable requirements stated below.
(a) Welds
(1) For radiography and visual, see Table 341.3.2.
(2) For magnetic particle, see para. 344.3.2.
(3) For liquid penetrant, see para. 344.4.2.
(4) For ultrasonic, see para. 344.6.2.
(b) Castings. Acceptance criteria for castings are spec-
ified in para. 302.3.3.