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�Ӹ���
��� � ������ϴ� ����: � ������ �� �� ���ǽ���8��, �� ����ϰ�
���� �ִ� ǥ �������, �츮�� ��: nonnative speaker��: ��� "��ŭ �˰� �ִ� ��
� �ϴ�� ��� � ��� ������� �������ڿϰ�, ��쿡 ��� �츮 �� �8 �
���� �� ���� ��
��; ��; �� ��8� Ƿ� native speaker�� ��: ������ ����� ��/�Ӱ� ǥ���� ���Ⱑ ��
���� �ʽ4ϴ�.
����,������ ; �� �״Ѵ ١��� He swims very well.�� ���� ǥ���ϴ� ��: �츮 ����
�� ���� /���Ϲ Ƿ� ����; �ϴµ� ū �� �����4 ϴ�. ���� �� �; He is a good
swimmer.�� ���� �����8�� ǥ���ϴ� ��: � � 4 ڽڽϱ�? � �ٷnative speaker��: ��
�
������ ǥ��; �0���8�� ���� �ִ� ��� Դϴ�. ���� �츮�� ��: nonnative speaker��
: �Ƹ��� �� ��� ��� ǥ��� ����� ����� ����
� ������ϴ�.
��ġ�絵 � ������ � TOEIC�� ��: ���絵� ��ƹ��� ��: ����
Դϴ�. �츮�� TOEFL��
; �ø���� �ϴ��, ��f ��Ȳ������ native speaker�� ��: ����8�� ��ġ�縦 f���
����� �� ��4ϴ�. ���Ƿ� native speaker�� : �� � ; � ������� �������ڿ,
�츮���Դ� �� ���� �� �ݻʴ� �0� ��� �����ǥ�� ��İ� ������� ǥ���; ��� ü��
�� ��; �ʿ 䰡 �ִ� ���Դϴ�. ���� ������ �� å������ �츮�� ����� ���� ���
��
��� ǥ���� �� �ִ� ���; ����� �Ʒ�; � ��� � � ؼ, ���õǰ� f��� �� ����� native
speaker����� ���� ��Ȱ�� �ǻ� ������ �� �� �ֵ��� �ϴ� ���� ��a; �ξ�4ϴ�. �� ��
���� ����� ���ϱ � � � ������� ��� ־, ����, ��ġ�� � ������ ;������ ���
8�� v
��� �ؼdz���� ����, ���� �� ���ؼԲ� ���� �ٷԴϴ�.
Ư � � � � � � � 翡 ���� ������: ����� ����ü�� �絵�麸� �ٴŽd���� � �߸����� ��
: ���� �Ҽ�, �Ź�, ���� ���� �ο�� ��f�� ������� ǥ����� ���� ټټǷ�, �ϻ� ��
Ȱ�� � �־ȸȭ�� ���۹� �ÿ� ��� Ȱ���� �� ��; ���Դϴ�. ����, �� �ܿ���� ʿ 信 ��
�� ���� ��f�� �Ǿ��� Ȯ�� �н0� �Բ� �?��; �⸦ �� �ֵ��� �4ϴ�. ����, ��
�� ���� ���ڵн?� �� ���� ���� �� ���� ���� �� ������ �־帮�4 ڽڽϴ�.
���� ��
��ڵ: ��ҿ� ��� ���� ����� ���� ��; ���� �� ��ϸ���� ��˴ϴ�. ���� ��
���� ����: ��� ����ϱ� '�� ����� ����� �,Ƿ �¥ ��� ��� d�� �ƴ� ��� �ؿ
��
����� �� �� ���� �� �����()���� ��x�Ϸt� ��; ���ϰ� ��� ���� �}�
�ϴ�. �����8�� ��� ����Ϸt� ��: �� ū ������ ��/��; ���ð� ��Ȱ�Ϸt� ��
�� ���4ϴ�. �ǵ��� ���� ��/�� ��� ��; �� ʹ � ���� �ٸҼ�; ����� ���� �Ź�,��
��,AFKN ���� ��� �ִ� ����, �� �ǿ����� ��� ���� b�� ��; ���մϴ�.
���� �����в� ������� �� ������ ������� ;��� ������ �ٿ縦 ����, ��� � ��
��d ���� �� ������, �� ������ ����; Ȯ���� ��; �� �ְ� �DZ⸦ �ٶ �� ��=�Դϴ�.
�ѳ��� �����ǿ��� �絵� �
Chapter 1 ���
Unit 1 ���� ǥ��� ��� ǥ��
[1] �� �� ;�� �״Ѵ�.
���� �� ;�� �״Ѵ ١��� ���л�絵� �����۽Ű��, �и��� ��=�� ��: ���� ���� ����
���� ���Դϴ�. He swims well.
������8�δ� ������ �ٸԴϴ�. ���� ��f�ε� ���� ���ǰ� �ֱ� ������ ��8�� ���Ƶ�
�� ��f�� ���� �ʽ4ϴ�. ���� ����� ~���� ��; � ���׳,�� ;���� ��ݺ뷡� ���
�Ѵ ١��� She sings well.���١��� � ��� � ���״He runs fast.��� ����ϸ� ����մ�
��. ���� �� ����: d����� ����, ��� <����+�λ�>ǥ����
� ������ ���� ��ü�� �ʹ�
��v�ο���� ������ �ֽ4ϴ�. �츮�� ���� ���, �� ���縦 ����ϴ� �츮 ���� �����
����� �η��� ��� ���� ���ϴ�. ��
�; � ��ݴǥ����� �ڸ, �츮 ��: ��κ�<����+��
��>�� ǥ��DZ� ������ <����+�λ�>�� ǥ��Ǵ� ������ ��뿡 �־ ū ����� ��
��� ���� �� � ִ � ���Դϴ�. ��� �츮�� ����ε��� ���� ������� �츮���Դ� �ͼ�
ġ ��: ��� ǥ��; ���� �ʿ 䰡 �ֽ4ϴ�.
�տ��� ���� �� �� ���� ����; ���� ǥ���ϸ� ��=�� ���4ϴ�.
He is a good swimmer.
She is a good singer.
He is fast runner.
'�� ��� ǥ����� �� ���絵 � ����4ֽ� ��ٲϴ�. swim �� swimmer, sing ��
singer, run �� runner�� ��谡 �� ���Դϴ�. ���� �� � ����; �� ��� ǥ����
� ���
�� �Ǿ��ϰ� ���ϴ� ��� ��;�� ���ڵ � ϴ�
. <be����>�� ���� �ִµ��� �� �� ǥ����
<��� ǥ��>�ΰ��� be������ �ǹ�� ���ϸ� �4ֽ� �� �� �ݹϴ�.<be����> ���� �����
��� ����, �� be����� '���ϴ�,�뷡�ϴ�, ����'�� ��: ��ü���� �ǹ� � ��4ϴ�. ��
�縦 �8 ��� �� ǥ����� ���� �ʿ 絵 � ��������� ������ �ǹ�� ���翡 �ֽ4ϴ�.
���� ��� ǥ����� be���絵 ��� ��־θ� �����ϰ� �ִ� �ܼ��������� μ�, ������
������ �ǹǹ� ���� �Űܰ ��� �ֽ4ϴ�. ��, ��翡 ������ �ִ� ��� be���� ǥ�� ��
� ��� ���ؼǥ����� � �صū ������ ��� ���Դϴ�. �� ���� ����� ��Ī: ũ�� ��
���� �ʽ4ϴ�. ����
� �: ���絵 � �� ϴ� ��� ǥ��; ����ϴ� ����Դϴ�.
���� �տ������� ߵ��� <����+�λ�>�� �� <be����+���> ǥ��8�� ���� ��8�� ��
�Ǵ� ���ϱ��? ���� ��� ��������� ��׳Ʈ�� �� ź�١��� ���� ǥ��� ���ǥ��8����
���� �� �ִ� ���Դϴ�. �� � ����, ��-er: ��f�� ��: ���翡 ���� ���ٿϰ� ����� ��
��8� Ƿ� ����صθ� �}4ϴ�.
���� ����� �״ȴ´١��� ���� � ұ��? �츮�� �8 �
� �δ� He walks��� �� ��=
'�����'�� ���شϴ� ���� �λ 縦 ã�Ƴ��� walks ��=�� ���� ;�װϴ�. '�����'�� 'Ȱ����,
Ƿ brisk��: ���縦 ���� �� �ֽ4ϴ�. ���� �������
������'��� ����� � ����
8�� ���� ; � غô
�. ��, walk��� ���縦 walker�� ��ٲ,He is a brisk walker.��� ��
�� �ִ� ���Դϴ�. '����; �� �ϴ�'�� negotiate��� ���縦 ����� ǥ������ ����,
negotiate�� ������� negotiator�� �Ἥ a good negotiator��� �� �� �ֽ4ϴ�. ���� ��;
���� �� �����ϴ� ���: '��; �����8�� ����ϴ� ���'�� �� ����� ��; ��� , a
great user of words�� a great manipulator of words�� ǥ�� �� �� �ֽ4ϴ�.
���9�f
��= ����; ����Ͽ� <����+-er>�� ���� �ι� ���� ��f�� Ǯ�� ���ô�.
Example:��� �״ǥ�� �� ����Ѵ١� He is a great vote counter.
��� �ؼǥ�� ����ϴ١��� 'ǥ�� ����'��� ǹ ���Ƿ� count votes����� �� �ֽ4ϴ�. ��
1.���� ���
� � ������ �~��Ѵ�. (���� love�� ��� lover�� �ٲ㼭 ǥ���մϴ�.)
� ����� ���� ġ�� ����. (��� ����)
2.�� �״
3. �� ���: ���� �ʴ�.
4.���� ��׳ �� ���ٷ. ('v~�ϴ�'�� handle, manipulate�� �ֽ4ϴ�. ����'����'
�� �Ž��� ���� ��� ��ü�� ����Ű�µ�, �� media�� ����ϸ� �˴ϴ�.)
5.����� �״� ���ڸѴ�.
6.��´� �� ~~ �״. (����� ǥ���ϸ� ������ He comes here often.�� ����, <be
����+���>�� ���Ͻʽÿ�.)
7.���� ����� ��=; �� ���� ���Ѵ�. (read one's mind�� '����� ��=; �д�'�� �˴�
��.)
8.������ �� ;��� ��׳Ų��. ('�����ϴ�'�� ���� persuade�� ����ϸ� �˴ϴ�.)
9.�� ��׳繰; ����8�� ���Ѵ�.(�츮 �� �ϳ� �ϳ��� ��� ����� ��� � �� �ؾ
�� ����� �ʿ�� ��4ϴ�. ��, �������
� ��� ���絵� ;� ������ �ʿ 䰡 ����� �ٴԴ�
��.)
10.�� ��� ���� ������ �״Ź�; �д´�.
11.,���� �״ϰ� ��絵 �ǿ��.('���ϰ� �ǿ��'�� smoke heavily)
Answer:
1. I am a beer lover.
2. He is a weekend golfer.
3. He is a slow talker.
4. She is a good media handler.
5. He is a woman hater.
6. He is a frequent visitor here.
7. I am a poor mind-reader.
8. She is a good persuader.
9. She is a logical thinker.
10. He is a careful newspaper reader.
11. He is a heavy smoker.
���絵 �Ϻη � ��� ǥ��; �����ϴ � ��: �տ����� ߵ��� ��� � ��� �츮�絵絵
ǥ���� ��
絵
� �����Դϴ�. ���� ��f ���������� ���縦 �8 �
���� ����� ������ �� �� ǥ����
���� ���˴ϴ�. ���� -er; ���� ǥ��: ���Ӹ� �ƴ϶� ��絵� ������ �� �ֽ4ϴ�.
��� ������ �� ���� d���� �뵿� ;� ���� ��ش.
��This newly introduced machine is really a labor-saver.
labor-saver�� �뵿� ;� ���ϴ� ��絵 � ġ��� �ǹ��մϴ�. ���� ����� ǥ�� ���;
��ġ�� �����ϸ� ���8�� �8�� ���ڵų �� �ֽ4ϴ�. ��ǻ�� �Ŵ�� � Online
Administrator�� ����; ��, ��� ��
�� �¶�� �� �ϴ� '�¶��� ����'��� ����8
��, ��� ��װ: �¶���; ���ϴ� ����Ʈ �wα4����ϴ�. System Manager�� ����
��� �ý��� �� �wα��� �µ�, ��
�: ��: �Ŵ��� �ȿ��� '�ý��� ����'�� ����
� ���DZ �մϴ�. �� -er: ������, ���� ��8� ��8ų �� ��8
������� �ǹ�
�Ƿ� ������ �ؼ� ����ؾմϴ�.
�λ 絵� �������8�� �����Ѵ�.
The book is under the table. (�� å: Ź�� �Ʒ� �ִ�.)�� �� ���忡���� under the
table(Ź�� �Ʒ�)�� �λ 絵� ��˴�شϴ �. ��
�; ������8�� ������ �
Ű�� ��� �ֽ4ϴ�. ���� ��� under-the-table documents�� '(Ź�� ��� ���ؿȯ�ϴ�) ��
�� ����'�� �ǹ��մϴ�. ���� '40�� ���� ����'�� the under-forty generation��
�� ǥ����
�� �ֽ4ϴ�. ���� ��ġ�簡 f�� �տ� �� ������8�� ����Ǵ� �ִ� ���� �ٸµ�,
on-the-job training(���� ����, ���� �Ʒ�)�� �� ���Դϴ�.
���� <���+-ed> ������ iced����� �ٴ� �׳縦 ������ ice tea�� �� ���� ����մϴ�.
������� '����
� Ŀ��'�� iced coffee�ε� �� �� �ְ�, �� ice coffee�ε� ����� �����մ�
��. iced�� d�� �и��ϰ� ��=���� �ʾƼ� ��
� ǥ��8�� � ��;��ٲ� ϴ�
.
��=: �տ��� ����� <���+-ed>�� ���°� ����� ������ ���°� ��縦 ����ϴ� ��
�Դϴ�.
������ �������� known; ��� �տ� �ξ� ����μ� ����ϴ� ����� a well-known
novelist(/���� �Ҽ���)�� ��� ���縦 ����� ��ġ��, a novelist who is known well
(�� �˷��� �Ҽ���)�� �˴ϴ�.
���� '���� ��ü�� ���� ������� ��Ÿ'�� a media-manufactured star��� ǥ���� �� �ְ�,
��
�: �� a star who is manufactured by the media�� �DZ �մϴ�.
a media-manufactured star������ media�� manufactured�տ� �4µ�, �� ���: ������ ��
���°� � ϴ� ��쿡 � ���
� � 8�� ��= ��絵 � ��� , �Ϲ���8�� �� �տ� ��絵 � ���
, ��
�絵 � �����8�ν� ���絵 � ����� ������ڼԴϴ�.
�� Soviet-built airstrips in Nicaragua(�ҷ��� ��ī��� �Ǽ��� Ȱ�ַ�)���
� � ��� ��
�絵 �ľ��ϱ� ��� ������ airstrips in Nicaragua which was built by Sovietó�� ���
���絵 � ������� �ؼϸ� �����ϱⰡ ���4ϴ�.
�����
� �= �� ��: �� ���� ���; /���� �� �� �ֽ4ϴ�. ù°, <S+be+p.p+by+���>
��<���+������+p.p+S>, ��°, <S+be+adv.+p.p>��<adv.+p.p+S>. ���� ���4 ڽڽϴ�. ù
��° ��쿡 ��شǴ� ���� ����, ��=�� ��: ���� �ֽ4ϴ�.
{5]������ �����
� Ÿ ��� ����<���� -ing+���>
�������
� ����� ������ ���� ����, �� ���翡 -ing�� ������ �ٿ ����� ��� ; ��
�캸�4 ڽڽϴ�.
��������ڵ ���
�: � � � � � Ҽ � � � a youthful-looking novelist
� � � � � � � � �Ÿ� � ��� ��� � a slender, athletic-looking man
�ɰ � � � �� � � �� � � a serious-looking man
� ŷ � � � 8 � � � 絵 � �f � � an appealing-sounding proposition
��� � ��� � ��� � ��� � a bad-smelling shirt
� � ����� �絵 � �� ���� ���׳Ʈ ���
a fancy-sounding name of her apartment
��� �8 � � ���ϴ � ��� � � � a straight-talking negotiator
� � �´ � û� � � � a tight-fitting jeans
� �ٴ絵 � � � � � � � � � � � � � dġ� �
a chain-smoking, blunt-talking politician
��� : ' �ʸ� ; � � � � � ϱ � ' � � � � ', � ��� �ٽϸ � a room for editing film � � � ǹǹ �,
edit � � � � � � � � � ϴ � Ÿ � � � � � � � � ; �մϴ � . � � � � edit � � � � � � � film � �
film-editing � � � Ǿ � � � = � � � 4 � � � 絵 � � � �ϰ� �ֽ4 ϴ� .
You can save a lot of money. ( � � ; � � � � � � � � � � � � �ֽ4 ϴ� . ) � � � � � �
� � � � � � � � � � � � ִ�� �սô�. �� �� Ÿ���� save�� ����� money�� 'ġ�� �
� � � 絵 � � � � � �8 � � � �ؼmoney-saving ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � �ֽ4 ϴ� . � � � �
money-saving device � � ' � � ; � � � � � � � �ִ� ��ġ' � � �˴ϴ� .
�Ʒ � � � � � � � � � < ��־+Ÿ � � � � + � � � � � > � � < � � � � � + � � � � � � + Ÿ � � � � � �
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � ; � 4 غ��ڽڽϴ� .
[7] � � �
ִ � ����<the+ � � � � >
� � � � � , �ϵ� � � � , � � u � � � � � � � �
the homeless, the jobless, the hopeless
� � ü � � � �ְ� � ִ � ���� the handicapped
Ư�� ����� �Ƿ��� �ִ� ����
the established and the powerful
� Ÿ � � � � � � � � � ��� ���ڸ踦 ����� ����� �����ߴ�.
The streets were filled with the unemployed and the hungry.
� � � ູ� ��ڵ��� �ݵ �� ϴ ��� �� �� ���� ���� ���� �η � � � .
The rich are not necessarily happy. However, I still envy them.
� � ģ � � � 絵 � � � � � 1 � � � � ; �� ��־Ѵ�.
We should give the wounded first aid.
[8] � � � ǥ� � d� �
�ϳ� � � � � � � �ִ� ���� �� ���װϳ��� ���� ��� �տ� ��d��� a[an]�� �8�, �� ��
��� � � � � � � � � � � ������ �ڿs � � � � � δ � . � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �׳
�Ѵ �.
� � � � � � � � 翡 ��� ǥ � � � � � � Ƿ 4�־ϴ � .
� � � � ȭ� �Ʈ � � Ŀ �Ǚ � � տ � � � a � � � � ; � � � ? Ŀ �Ǚ � � � ��� : � � / � � � ��Ƿ � � � �
a � � � � � � �ʽ4ϴ� . � ����� a � � � � � � : � � � � � � Ŀ � � ü � � a � � � � �ϳ� � �
��� � � Դ ϴ �.
� � / � � � � տ � ��� � � a � � � � � � � , ��� � � �ǹ�� f � � � � ľ � � � � � � � � ϸ � � �
�ϰ � � � � � � 4�� �� �� �� ϴ ߴߴ � . < � ��� �� ���� �츮 � � � � � ���� ���ؼ
ü� �a � � �ͱ � � �
� � ���ؼʿ�� ��=>
� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � å � ϴ � � � ; � ~ � � Ѵ ١��� ��= � � � � � �
�� �d� � � � ��/ � � � � �ǹ � � �
� ��׳
� ���� �� Ҹ � � � 8 � � � � � � � � �ȳ � � ϼ � � � ? � � � � � � � � ߴ�.
(1)She said hello to me with a smile on her face.
(2)She said hello to me with her smile on her face.
� � � : � � � � � � � , � � � � � ... � � , � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � , � �
� � , � � ... � � � � � � � � � ֽ 4ϴ� . � � � � � � � � � � �Ǵ � � � � � �ϳ� ��� � � � � տ �
��� ��� � � � � 絵 � � � � � �8 � � �մϴ � . � տ � � � ��� � ����� �ٷǷ � , � � a � � � � �
� � �ǹ � � � � � ; � � � Դ ϴ � . � � f � � � � � � � � � � ; � � = � � � � � � � � � ô � .
� � �
' ��� � � � Ȱ 絵� �
, ¦8 � � � � � �; � �Ÿ � � � � ���
� ��׳û � � � � � � � � ��� � .
She was wearing jeans and a sweatshirt.
� � ���� �״Ȱ� ; � � � .
He wore a gold-rimmed glasses
Ž � � f � � : � л � �ǹ� .
Tom and Jane are students.
5ų � ι � �ʹ� �ɾ � � � � �Ÿ � � .
Five kilometers is a long distance to walk.
� � �ռ � � � � � � � � : 10 � ��ǹ� .
Ten dollars is the price of this handkerchief.
� � ħ � Ļ 翡 � � � � � � � � � Ͱ� �t �.
Bread and butter is[are] good for breakfast.
� � � � ����� � ��� �丶 � 絵 � � 8 � � � � : � � � � � 带 � � � � �� �ִ�.
Lettuce, onion and tomato makes[make] a good salad.
å� � � � � � � � � � f � � � � ƴ � .
A package of books was delivered yesterday.
<� ��־a package ��� , of books � � � � � � �ǹ
�
>
� � � � � � � � � � � � � 絵 � � �ϵǾ��.
Materials for this house have been shipped.
�ҳ � � � � � � : � � � ǿ � �ִ�.
Half of the boys are in class.
� � � � � � � � � �: � � � � � � �ƿ Դ � .
Half of the pie was given to me.
(1) �մԵ � � � � Ϻ δ � � � � ư � � � .
Part of the guests have left.
� � � � � Ϻ ΰ � �ı � � Ǿ � � .
Part of the house was destroyed.
(2) � � � � � 忡 � � � � : � � � � � � � � ;�۾ϰ � ���־.
A number of men were working at the factory.
� ��� ��װϰ� �ִ� ������ ��� ����.
The number of men working there was small.
d � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ���־.
There was a man and a woman in the garden.
��
ຸ � ���� ������ ���
� � � �յ � � � � � � � � п � ; � � y � � � ߴ�.
Edmond just graduated from law school.
� ��� ��׳忡 �ִ� ��θ � � � Ʈ � б � � � � ��ٳ.
She went to journalism school in New York.
� � � � � � � � � � ;�� ��׳Ƿ � � � � � .
She was sent to hospital for back injury.
� � � � � � � � � � 翡 � к �; � � � � Ҵ � .
We lit a candle at the shrine to Saint Anthony.
� � � 絵 �帮 � � '� � � � � � � � � .
We entered the temple to worship.
Love is blind.( � � � : � � �ǹ
.)� � Luck was with him.( � ~� ���� �״Ҵ�.)�� ���,
� � ' � � ' � � � � � � � � � ' �ϳ� � � ' � � � � � � �ִ� ������ ���� �ƴմϴ�.
� � � ��� � � � � � ° � � � � � � � � � � � � � � : �
ܼ � ���� �� �� �� 4 ϴ� . � � � �
� � � � ; � � �ʽ ÿ � .
� �״f � � � � � � � ; � � � � � ߴ�.
He has won a Jane's love.
� �״d � � � � � � ; � ~ � � Ѵ � .
He has a true love of horses.
� � � � : � � � � � � � � � : � � � � �ذ絵� ȴ�.
This job requires a deep understanding of English.
'� � � � ' � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 ϴ � . '� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �
� Ƿ � , � � d � � � a � � �ɴϴ � .
She felt a happiness that she couldn't quite hide.
� 2 � ;ູ � ���� �� ���� ������ �� � � �׳.
� � � � � � � that � � � Ͽ � � � � ~ � � � � �ູ �� ΰ � � � � � � � � ϰ � �ֽ4 ϴ� . � � a;
� 絵 � �� � 8 � � � � � � = � � � � � � ; � � � � � � � � �ֽʽÿ�.
' � � � � � � : ' � � � � � � � ' ; � � Ÿ � � � � � � � ��� , � � = � � � � : '~ � � ' � Ǵ �
� �.