A Project Report On Nepal Telecom - W4university

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A Project Report on Nepal Telecom
May 20, 2013May 20, 2013 w4university Reports nepal telecom, nepal telecom

report, ntc, report ntc, report on nepal telecom
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Company’s profile:
NEPAL TELECOM was registered on 2060‑10‑22 under Company Act, 2053. Then Nepal
Telecommunications Corporation (NTC) was dissolved and all assets and liabilities were transferred
to Nepal Telecom effective from 2061‑01‑01 (i.e. 13th April 2004). The company with its long history is
on the way of customer service and nation building.
In Nepal, operating any form of telecommunication service dates back to 94 years in B.S. 1970. But
formally telecom service was provided mainly after the establishment of MOHAN AKASHWANI in
B.S. 2005.Later as per the plan formulated in First National Five year plan (2012‑2017);
Telecommunication Department was established in B.S.2016. To modernize the telecommunications
services and to expand the services, during third five‑year plan (2023‑2028), Telecommunication
Department was converted into Telecommunications Development Board in B.S.2026. After the
enactment of Communications Corporation Act 2028, it was formally established as fully owned
Government Corporation called Nepal Telecommunications Corporation in B.S. 2032 for the purpose
of providing telecommunications services to Nepalese People. After serving the nation for 29 years
with great pride and a sense of accomplishment, Nepal Telecommunication Corporation was
transformed into Nepal Doorsanchar Company Limited from Baisakh 1, 2061. Nepal Doorsanchar
Company Limited is a company registered under the companies Act 2053. However the company is
known to the general public by the brand name Nepal Telecom as registered trademark. Nepal
Telecom has always put its endeavors in providing its valued customers a quality service since its
inception. To achieve this goal, technologies best meeting the interest of its customers has always
been selected. The nationwide reach of the organization, from urban areas to the economically non‑
viable most remote locations, is the result of all these efforts that makes this organization different
from others. Definitely Nepal Telecom’s widespread reach will assist in the socio‑economic
development of the urban as well as rural areas, as telecommunications is one of the most important
infrastructures required for development. Accordingly in the era of globalization, it is felt that
milestones and achievements of the past are not adequate enough to catch up with the global trend in
the development of telecommunication sector and the growth of telecommunication services in the
country will be guided by Technology, Declining equipment prices, market growth due to increase in
standard of life and finally by healthy competition. Converting NT from government owned
Monopoly Company to private owned, business oriented, customer focused company in a
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Monopoly Company to private owned, business oriented, customer focused company in a
competitive environment, Nepal Telecom invites its all‑probable shareholders in the sacred work of
nation building.
1.2 Objective
1.2.1 Mission
“Nepal Telecom, as a progressive, customer spirited and consumer responsive entity, is commi ed to
provide nation‑wide reliable telecommunication services to serve as an impetus to the social, political
and economic development of the country.”
1.2.2 Vision
“NT vision is to remain a market leader in information and technology sector in the country while
also extending reliable and cost effective services to all.”
1.2.3 Goal
“NT goal is to provide cost effective telecommunication services to every nook and corner of the
country.”
1.3 Product and services:
Nepal Telecom is the key market player as it holds about 60.30% of totals no. mobile phones and 91 %
of total no of Fixed Telephones. (NTC‑MIS‑2067, Aswin). It has 221 Public Switch Telephone Network
(PSTN) exchanges in 72 districts and has covered all 2915 VDC with Basic Telephone service. It offers
various products like Basic telephone, Mobile telephone, Internet, ISDN,PSTN, Leased line, CDMA
phone, sky data card, etc. It has starred SIP telephony service for the Nepalese lying beyond the
country to call Nepal from round the world in its own tariff through internet.
1.4 Objective of the Study:
Objectives of the study are guidelines by which the study can be conducted in a systematic
manner. The main objective is to assess the strengths and weakness of Nepal Telecom. The
specific objectives are:
1. To analyze the contribution of Nepal Telecom in total revenue of government of Nepal as a largest
tax payer of a nation.
2. To examine financial position of the company.
1.5 Research methodology
The first step in preparation of this report is to design the framework of the research. The task begins
with the collection of necessary data and information concerning the study. The data and information
collected has been studied carefully and presented them systematically and get them analyzed so as
to meet the objective of the report. All data provided has been thoroughly studied and then search
design was planned.
1.5.1 Source of data collection.
Data are collected both from primary and secondary sources from the organization.
1.5.1.1 Primary data: The data collected for the very first time by observation, discussion and
1.5.1.1 Primary data: The data collected for the very first time by observation, discussion and
interviewing Mr. Prakash Pokhrel, senior assistance, Tax‑Vat section at NTC’s central office
Bhadrakali.
1.5.1.2 Secondary data: The data were collected from various booklets, pamphlets, magazines and
websites and reports submi ed by seniors and colleagues to the SMART team during SMART report
making and presentation.
1.6 Limitation
1. The time to complete this report was very limited.
2. Group coordination became a great limitation.
3. As it was our first financials study of an organization, how far we did too but we were unable to
cover all financial information.
4. We were unable to interview top managers of NTC.
5. Due to the secrecy of the performance evaluation, the exact data is not available.
6. Some of the information was extracted from the website, magazines so that data may not be
accurate and updated.
CHAPTER 2
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
2.1 Sales and Services
The main services provided by the communication companies categorized and described as follows:
2.1.1 PSTN
2.1.1.1Public switch telephone network (PSTN): PSTN is a wired telephony service where a wire in
the field of Telecommunications, Nepal Telecom has been the trusted partner of the people of Nepal
since 2032. In order to make life of a Nepali easier, Nepal Telecom makes continuous effort to
introduce the latest technology of communications. As always, Nepal Telecom is devoted towards
our customer satisfaction and national development with all communicational prospect and
technologies.
2.1.1.2 ADSL (Asymmetric direct subscriber line): It is the broad band internet service provided by
Nepal telecom where a single PSTN line is capable of providing the internet and voice data at a time.
2.1.1.3 Dial‑Up: Dial‑Up is the narrow band internet service where a modem is to be connected to the
computer. Laptop computer is unable of using dial‑up connection. Using dial‑up only one task can be
done.
2.1.2 GSM
2.1.2 GSM
2.1.2.1 3G Service (WCDMA Service):To fulfill the ever growing demands and to browse and access
the web pages like video based programs (Live TV browsing) NT installed WCDMA based 3G
system which offers 384 kbps of downloading and 64kbps of uploading data speed. This 3G 1X
(Third Generation Technology) allows the subscribers to have the instant data transfer/connectivity
with high speeds up. This technology enables easier/smooth migration to other higher EVDO/EVDV
systems (i.e. data only and /or data with voice systems).
2.1.2.2 GPRS (General packet radio service): It is the mobile internet service provided by NTC and is
most famous amongst the users. It is the cheapest internet charge amongst the service providers. The
charge costs 15paisa per 100kb data transfer.
2.1.2.3 Post‑paid and Pre‑Paid service: This is the service where a GSM user can switch into a
prepaid and postpaid tariff.
2.1.2.4 WiMAX service: Nepal Telecom (NT) launched the 4G WiMAX IEEE 802.16e service first time
in Nepal. This service is available throughout the country.
WiMAX enables broadband wireless anytime; anywhere using any WiMAX enabled devices, whether
it is a laptop, desktop modem, digital phone or even a game device. Mobile WiMAX creates a
seamless broadband environment at home, in the office and on the move.
2.1.3 CDMA Service
2.1.3.1 CDMA phone: It is the service provided by NTC where the priority is given to the remote
costumers. The foremost application of CDMA is the digital cellular phone technology from
QUALCOMM that operates in the 800MHz band and 1.9GHz PCS band. CDMA phones are noted for
their call quality
2.1.3.2 Sky Data Card: It is the volume based internet service. It is focused for the researchers and
visitors exploring new places and connecting from there.
2.1.4 SIP PPP: It is the internet phone provided by the organization where a costumer around the
globe can log in the website and can download the software and can call Nepal as per the tariff. It
requires broadband internet.
2.2 Competitors analysis
2.2.1 Spice Nepal private limited
2.2.1.1Profile: Popularly known as “Ncell”, Spice Nepal Private Limited is the first private GSM
mobile operator in Nepal. The company was established in 2004 and commercially launched on 17th
September 2005. Ncell is tied up with many different international Operators of more than 31
countries adding up to 74 operators around the world.
2.2.1.2 Profile of the current business, both marketplace (physical) and market space (electronic):
The core business of SNPL is providing GSM mobile service which includes sales of sim card and
wireless voice module service. The sales of the sim card are physically by filling up required firms
through the firm’s sales counters and its local agents. Other related services enabled through internet
are GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service), PRBT (Personal
Ring Back Tone), Voice call, SMS, Voice Mail, Sms2Email, Missed Call Notification, and related value
Ring Back Tone), Voice call, SMS, Voice Mail, Sms2Email, Missed Call Notification, and related value
added services. Ncell operates on dual band frequency; 900 MHz and 1800 MHz and also allows
effective and higher capacity and data transfer for services like GPRS and EDGE.
2.2.1.3 Key (current and emerging) business model in the industry
The distribution of Ncell sim card is prompt on demand basis. IT is not used for the distribution
process but is used for vendor identification of suppliers and customer care management in its Value
Chain. Customer care service and value addition services are competitive advantage over its rivals
through the use of Information Technology as claimed by the IT officer.
Information Technology is an integral part of functional activities (Marketing, HR, Finance and Sales)
for the company and also is highly implemented for providing services (business) through SNPL’s
website. The company do not uses MIS system but is extensively using features of the ERP system for
co‑ordination and regulation of functional units for consolidated activities. Automated
interdepartmental emailing, file sharing features and interdepartmental meeting schedulers are the
core features of the system incorporated between different functional units.
The focus of the company in the coming years will be on value added services and expansion of its
data and voice related services. IP phones will be introduced which will provide high speed internet
connectivity. Some of the main IT enabled mobile services in the present are; WAP (Wireless
Application Protocol), GPRS (General Packet Radio Service), EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM
Evolution) or EGPRS, PRBT (pre‑define‑specific Ring Back Tone) and SMS2Email.
2.2.2 United telecom limited
2.2.2.1Profile: United Telecom Limited (UTL) is a consortium of 4 companies, who have come
together in a joint venture to explore various telecom opportunities in Nepal. UTL had participated in
the tender floated by NTA for Basic Services Based on WLL Technology for the then Kingdom of
Nepal. After going through all NTA requirements, UTL was awarded the Le er of Intent by NTA to
provide WLL based services, International Long Distance, Domestic Long Distance and Lease Lines
Services.
2.2.2.2 Profile of the current business, both marketplace (physical) and market space (electronic):
UTL provides mobile service based on WLL and uses CDMA technology. Both pre and post paid
business models are offered and are provided impromptu from the firm’s sales unit. Code Division
Multiple Access (CDMA) technology is the state‑of‑the‑art technology offering reliable service with
high‑speed data capability. UTL has procured the equipment, which offers the following features;
CDMA 3G 1X(IS‑2000)
with Voice, G3 Fax and Data.
Besides the sales and voice transfer UTL also offers value added services and customer based services
through its websites. The system, in addition to voice and data services, would be capable of
providing the following features:
1. Wake‑up Call/ Reminder Facility
2. Abbreviated Dialing
3. Call forwarding
4. Call Transfer
5. Call Waiting (Call Alert)
6. Dynamic STD/ ISD facility
7. Call Hunting Facility/Mobile Access Hunting
8. Voice Mail Service(VMS)
9. G3 Fax
9. G3 Fax
10. Data Service
11. SLA( Selective Line Access)
12. Conference Calling
13. Three Way Call (TWC)
14. Conference Calling (CC)
15. CLIP( Calling Line Identification Presentation)
2.2.2.3 Key (current and emerging) business model in the industry
The business model for the Wireless Local Loop (WLL) technology that UTL conduct is “UTL is able
to deliver telephones to local communities within hours rather than every days or weeks or months”.
The business model of UTL takes the advantages of the fact that the people of Nepal find it difficult to
get the telephone connection or GSM service provided by the only player, i.e NTC. Also the business
model exists because of the people’s need for over demand and less supply of this service.
In addition, migration to the future 3G systems (CDMA 2000 3X/ IMT‑2000/NGN‑ Next Generation
Network), which are likely to be popular in the coming decades, is possible. The proposed 3G 1X
technology/ system allows easy and smooth backward compatibility to the IS‑95A and IS‑95B. It is,
therefore, expected that this technology/state of art equipment will not obsolesce for several decades.
The system offers a wide range of supplementary services and has the capability to support
Intelligence Network (IN) services.
2.2.3 Market power and market share:
The subscriber base of incumbent NDCL has reached 8, 68,046 whereas that of Spice Nepal is 7,
02,975 hence a total of 15, 71,021 subscribers. The number of postpaid subscribers has gone down by
1644. NDCL distributed 2,629 new lines in the last quarter whereas SNPL distributed 2, 12,260 lines
in the same period. SNPL now holds 44.75% of the market share, 8.75% more than the previous
quarter whereas that of NDCL continued to decrease in this quarter as well, going down to 55.25%.
The mobile customer base is growing basically due to prepaid mobile scheme, which has crossed the
1.5 million mark at the end of this quarter. Apart from Kathmandu Valley, NDCL is providing mobile
service in 43 districts and Spice Nepal Pvt. Ltd. too has extended its service in 25 districts. The mobile
network of NDCL has now 395 (previous data) Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) whereas SNPL has
315 BTS in 900 and 1800 MHz band. Hence the Number of subscriber to Base Transceiver Station
(BTS) ratio of NDCL is 2198 in comparison to 2232 of SNPL. The mobile penetration is increasing
steadily to reach 5.95 in this quarter. Total manpower involved in providing this service stands at
566.
Spice Nepal predicts that if the present discouraging rules and regulations of NTA, lack of strict cyber
laws etc., prevails then the industry would not be able to enable IT even within the next five years.
UTL is planning to change their devices as technologies are changing rapidly so they are planning to
change their suppliers depending upon the technology and price factor along with the quality. The
proposed 3G 1X technology will allow easy and smooth Backward Compatibility to IS‑95A and IS‑
95B. It is, therefore, expected that this technology/ state of art equipment will not be obsolete for
several decades. UTL predicts that it will look into expanding its operations into all related areas
including:
1. Rural Telephony
2. Mobile Trunking
3. Total Network Solutions for Banks, etc
The NTA is soon to implement e‑transactions in its operation and hence will be e‑ready to facilitate
The NTA is soon to implement e‑transactions in its operation and hence will be e‑ready to facilitate
the companies in the firm. Further full enforcement of cyber laws can bring trust and transparency
for e‑transactions. Expansion of IT infrastructures such as VSATs and Tele‑centers will increase
awareness of IT literacy and hence the web based customers. The firms as well as other government
agencies are focusing on various trainings and counseling programs. This will help to increase IT and
technology literacy for senior staffs in the related organization. Further, the easy communication and
global telecommunication revolution will create both awareness and need for the existing
telecommunication industry to adapt both IT and other advanced technology based application to
integrate in its newer business models and business processes.
2.3 Market analysis
Market analysis may take two distinct forms. In the first, it is a method used by investors to look at
the market and try to determine whether it is going up or down, in order to make investment
decisions. In the second, it is a field used by marketers to analyze the target market
(h p://www.wisegeek.com/what‑is‑a‑target‑market.htm) of their clients and determine the best
courses of action to take to improve sales and profitability (h p://www.wisegeek.com/what‑is‑
profitability.htm).
Market analysis as used by investors involves looking at numerical data and a empting to discern
pa erns or determine probable future movement based on that data. Investors using market analysis
will look at how prices within their specific sector are moving, how the market as a whole is tending,
and what individual events might affect the prices of stocks and commodities they are trading in.
When performing a market analysis, an investor must also consider events such as announced
mergers (h p://www.wisegeek.com/what‑is‑a‑merger.htm), profit predictions for a coming quarter,
and new technological discoveries. Some investors take a primarily mathematical approach to market
analysis, looking at reams of historical market data (h p://www.wisegeek.com/what‑is‑market‑
data.htm) and crunching every number at their disposal through their own algorithms
(h p://www.wisegeek.com/what‑is‑an‑algorithm.htm) in an a empt to predict the market’s future
path. Other investors take a more ‘gut’ approach to market analysis, relying on news sources and
rumors surrounding companies’ activities to sketch a rough picture of possible market tendency.
2.3.1 Fields of market analysis:
1. Global market analysis
2. Industry market analysis
3. Market trend analysis
4. Business market analysis
2.4 Financial: present, past and future
The company has different types of stakeholders like investors, employees, customers, government,
creditors etc. The types which show more concern to the company’s financials are employees and
investors. For employees and investors, the concern is like how and to what extent the company will
prosper in coming days. Although we cannot predict future, but we can use our intelligence and
business acumen to deal with future if stakeholders’ concern are to be addressed properly. Before
saying anything on future, we should briefly see how the company performed in last ten years’ time.
For this purpose, financial statemenst are analyzed from the financial year 2056/57 to 2065/66.
If we analyze total revenue of the company for last ten years, compounded Annual Growth rate
(CAGR) of the company in terms of revenue has been 17.05%. So total revenue of Rs. 5.32 Billion has
gone up to Rs.21.98 Billion in F.Y.2065/66 i.e. it has gone up by more than four times the revenue of
2056/57. If we analyze the data on year on year basis, then it is evident that initial few years growth is
in the range of 10 plus percentage. But from year 2059/60 and afterwards, as GSM subscribers started
in the range of 10 plus percentage. But from year 2059/60 and afterwards, as GSM subscribers started
to rise, revenue growth happened on 15 plus percentage basis. Financial year 2061/62 is showing less
growth in comparison to other years due to the closure of GSM lines for a significantly long period.
After then as CDMA subscribers started to rise, like anything in the range of 20‑25%.
If we analyze expenses part of profit and loss account, expenses has shown a compounded annual
growth rate of 14.78%. In this period total expenses Rs.2.45 Billion (F.Y. 2056/57) has gone up to
Rs.8.48 Billion (F.Y.2056/57) i.e. almost increased by 3.5 times. But analyzing the total expenses on
year on year basis, uneven fluctuations can be seen. In couple of financial years, total expenses had
decreased also in comparison to previous years. But in totality, expenses have increased in the range
of 10‑20 percent. Major component of cost is employee cost; it is almost in the range of 12‑17% of total
revenue. Administrative expenses include 4% and 2% towards royalty and contribution to rural
development fund. This is bound to increase as revenue of the company increase. One of the
amortization cost depreciation is likely to increase in coming years, as the rates applied for
calculation is very low which is in effect will inflate the profit. In an industry like telecom where
technological advances will make the asset no longer usable in shorter period of time, useful life of
the asset and depreciation rates have to be revised accordingly.
As a rough estimate, from this year depreciation expenses would increase almost in the range of 50 to
100% depending on the type and nature of the asset. It is evident that the higher depreciation charge
would have an impact on the profits reported by the company. Similarly the profit after tax figure has
gone up from Rs. 2.17 Billion to Rs. 9.96 Billion having CAGR of 17.81% i.e. 4.37 times growth.
Similarly, if we talk from shareholder’s point of view, shareholders fund is increased from Rs. 12.88
Billion to Rs. 42.16 Billion i.e.it has increased by 3.27 times. In the last couple of years net profit
margin is also in the range of 40 plus percentage and return of shareholder’s fund is also around 22‑
25%. It clearly tells us that as of present the financial health of the company is in good position.
TABLE 1: Financials of the company of last five years is stated below:
2061/2062 2062/2063 2063/2064 2064/2065 2065/2066

Total income ( in thousands) 9194297 11058915 14751624 17889310 2214782
Personnel cost 1418531 1486851 1764934 2204296 3580212
Maintenance & operation cost 552162 655127 797398 1219002 1578348
Depreciation 1048436 1195081 1366504 1486129 1681293
Other cost 1253640 868129 2839466 2108427 1673739
Total cost 4272768 4215188 6768302 7017854 8513529
Profit before tax 4921429 6843727 7983322 10871456 13633990
Profit after tax 3542461 4936647 5652688 7942902 10178025
Net profit ratio (%) 38.53 44.64 38.32 44.40 45.96
Total share holder equity 20825835 23686027 26794281 35343894 41629022
Total capital employed 20850094 23686027 27985961 35343894 43280625
Return to capital employed (%) 17.10 22.17 21.88 25.12 24.94
Return to share holder equity (%) 17.11 22.18 22.40 25.57 26.44

Book value per share 138.84 137.91 178.63 235.63 277.53
No. Of shares 150000 150000 150000 150000 150000
EPS 23.62 32.91 37.68 52.95 67.85

After going through the figures put above, one can be reasonable satisfied with the growth of the
company. But no analysis can be done in isolation, so we are comparing with one of the competitor in
GSM Mobile, Spice Nepal. Spice Nepal who as per latest reports claim to have subscriber base of 30,
00,000 and even if ARPU of Rs. 250‑300 is estimated, rough annual revenue will be in the range of Rs.
6 to 8 Billion. If they continue to grow like this, very quickly they can touch the figure of Rs. 10‑12
Billion in revenue. Considering this success done within a span of 4 to 5 years, Nepal Telecom’s
financials robustness can be under threat if competitors grow like this.
CHAPTER 3
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
3.1 Conclusion:
Nepal Telecom, a leading company in the telecommunication sector working restlessly for decades
has been providing world class services in Nepal throughout the country covering all the 75 districts
and covering all the VDC’s. It has been providing best services regarding telephony and internet
access to the willing customers. It has completed successful seven years of privatization. The
organization is working for the social service and has been continuing the joint venture with the
traffic police and working for the awareness in the road accidents and helping the needy during the
natural calamities. It is providing services as telephony (GSM, CDMA, PSTN, SIP PPP) and internet
as (Dial‑up, ADSL,EVDO,GPRS) other entertaining services as CRBT and free ten web sms provided.
It covers about 4.5% of the national revenue and is playing major role in the infrastructure
development by revenue. It has been recognizing itself as the largest tax payer to the government and
has been leading the nation by revenue.
Being a service provider it is facing a lot of challenges. The monopoly market has no longer existed
between the organizations. The competitors are giving a heavy challenge to them; the competitors
mainly Spice Nepal working under the management of Telaia Sonera, a famous European
multinational company, United telecom (UTL), Smart telecom and Nepal Satellite company limited
are too involved in the race. Beyond these services it has been implementing new technologies for
fulfilling the desire of the customers.
As a conclusion the services provided to the customers are satisfactory till now but a lot of
improvement and a regular cope‑up is to be made to hold the existing customers and to a ract new
customers from the competitive market as well.
3.2 Recommendations
Improvement in the managerial environment: managerial environment includes the circulation of
the internal commands, decisions, it is very important to cope up with the environment.
Improvement in the customer care: any organization, usually the service based should always give
first priority to the customers. Holding the existing customer is more important than planning for
inviting new ones because an unsatisfied customer can stop ten new willing customers from joining
the organization.
Distribution of versatile services: Customers are not properly satisfied themselves on the provided9/11
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Distribution of versatile services: Customers are not properly satisfied themselves on the provided
service as they want a complete and versatile service. So Nepal telecom should always keep flexibility
of the services in majority to hold the existing customers and to a ract new customers from the
competitive market.
Improvement in the decision making and policy: The decision making and policy formulation is
found to be worst in the organization. Decisions based on the improvement and establishment of the
new technology has not been properly respected. ‘Right work in the right time’ must always be kept
in the prior consideration.
Relations between the trade unions and management: the current cooperation between the trade
unions and management is quite unsatisfactory, if the organization wants proper survival in the
competitive environment it should always cope‑up with the workers unions.
References
www.ntc.net.np (h p://www.ntc.net.np/)
www.google.com (h p://www.google.com/)
wikepedia.org
NT Smarika 2066
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2 thoughts on “A Project Report on

Nepal Telecom”
1. AnZaan Gurung says:
March 2, 2017 at 12:43 pm
please send me PDF file of this topic.
I need it.
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2. akash shah says:
March 16, 2017 at 1:33 pm
cool
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2061/2062 2062/2063 2063/2064 2064/2065 2065/2066

Return to share holder equity (%) 17.11 22.18 22.40 25.57 26.44

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