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Well Completion
P d ti Engineering
Production E i i
Surface Subsurface
P d ti
Production P d ti
Production
Surface Production
(from wellhead to
downstream)
Petroleum
Vertical flow
Performance
(from wellbore to Wellhead)
Production
System
Inflow Performance
(from reservoir to
wellbore)
Petroleum Production System
Petroleum Production System
Build Your Habits
Private: •
-Be proactive
-Begin
Begin with the end in mind
-Put first things first
Go from Dependence
to Independence
Public: •
-Think
Think win/win
-Seek first to understand
th to
then t be
b understood
d t d
-Synergize
G from
Go f Independence
I d d
to Interdependence
Sharpen the saw; Self renewal: •
Low Angle of
Dip
Solution Gas-
Drive Reservoirs
High
Angle
of Dip
Gas Cap Drive
Reservoirs
Water Encroachment
Fingering of Free Gas into Well Along
B ddi Planes
Bedding Pl
Fingering of Water into Well Along
Bedding Planes
Solution-Gas Drive
Reservoirs
Gas Fingering
Reservoir Considerations
5. Sand Control
5
• Affects type of
completion
• Li it production
Limits d ti rate
t
6. Artificial Lift
• Single completion
• Large casing and tubing
7. Workover Frequency
• Completion conductive to
wire line
• Through-tubing re-
completion and workover
Factors Influencing Well
Completion Design
Mechanical Considerations:
Key
y To:
Deplete the reservoir effectively
Monitor downhole performance
C t l fl
Control flow off reservoir fl id
i fluids
Minimize / Remedy damage
Modify well situation when necessary
Mechanical Considerations
Consider automatic shut-in
systems and press control
Safety methods (offshore, populated &
remote locations)
Consider most economical
Cost procedure
Simplest, reliable equipment &
Simplicity
p y procedures
Operating Pressure, temperature, corrosivity
C diti
Conditions t .
etc
Minimize number of components
Limit moving parts
Reliability Avoid debris traps
Use proved technology and
components
Methods of Completion
Main Objective
j of Completion:
p
To produce for maximum recovery in the
most economical and safest manner
Openhole
Completion
Liner
Completions
Perforated
Completions
Open Hole Completion
Advantages
Minimum formation damage
W/gravel pack, provides
excellent sand control
No perforating Expenses
Log Interpretation not critical
Full diameter opposite pay zone
Easily deepened
Easily converted to liner or
perforated completions
p p
Open Hole Completion
Disadvantages
Difficult control of excess
Gas or water production
Difficult selective
stimulation
CSG sett ini th
the d
darkk
Open Hole
C
Completion
l ti
Ad
Advantages
t
Minimum formation
damage
No perforating expenses
Log interpretation not
critical
Adaptable to sand control
technique
Clean out problems
avoided
Open Hole
C
Completion
l ti
Disadvantages
Different control of excess
Gas or water production
Production casing is set
before drilling producing
zone
Selective stimulation
Additional rig time
Reduced diameter
Cannot be easily
deepened
Perforated Liner Completion
Advantages
Minimum formation
damage
Excessive water/gas can
be controlled
Selective stimulation
possible
Can easily be deepened
Helps control sand
production
Perforated Liner Completion
Disadvantages
Reduced well bore
diameter
Log interpretation is critical
Selective stimulation
Diffi lt liner
Difficult li cementing
ti
More expensive
(perforating, cementing &
Rig time)
Perforated Cased Completion
Ad
Advantages
t
Easy control of excessive gas or
water production
Can be selective to stimulation
Logs & formation samples
available to assist in decision to
set CSG or abandon
Easily deepened
Adaptable to sand control
Adaptable to multiple
Completion
Minimum rig time
Perforated Cased Completion
Disadvantages
Perforating cost could
be significant
Liable to formation
damage
S l ti stimulation
Selective ti l ti
Log interpretation
critical
Casing–tubing
Casing tubing Configurations
Conventional Configurations
Single Zone Completion .1
1
Multiple Zone Completion.2
Unconventional (Tubing-less)
Single Zone Completion .1
Multiple Zone Completion.2
Cased completion
p with Tubing
tubing
Packer
Perforation
Conventional Completions
MULTIPLE ZONE
COMPLETIONS
Used For
Obtaining higher production ¾
Faster pay out ¾
Multi-Reservoir control¾
requirements
i t
Dual-Zone
Completion
Triple Completion
-Three Zones
-Two or Three Packers
-Two or Three Tubing
g
Strings
Unconventional Completions
p
Multiple Tubingless Completions
Initially used with 27/8 in. pipe, currently, 3 1/2 in. & 4 ½
in. are used
Advantages:
Reduced cost •
Each zone is independent •
Communications between strings is easily •
detected and eliminated.
Disadvantages:
Restricted production rates •
High-rate stimulation treatments are more •
difficult
Triple
Tubingless
C
Completion
l ti
Openhole
p Multilateral Drilling
g
T
Target
t Zone
Z
Dyna Drill
Target Zone
9 5/8
5/8-in. Cas
Casing
g
Orientation Nipple
Running Hollow Starter Mill
Whip-stock
Whip stock and Shear Stud
Packer - Orienting Millable Hose
Anchor Latch
Multilateral Packer
Orienting Nipple
Window and
Watermelon Mills
Used to Ream/
Feather Window
Watermelon
Mill
Window
Mill
9 5/8-in. Casing
Formation Bit
and Directional-
Drilling Soft-Centered
Assembly Used Whipstock
to Drill Angle
Angle-
Build Section of
Hole 8 1/2-in.
/ O
Openhole Lateral
Motor
MWD
Bit
Limited Isolation/
Limited-Isolation/
Access Multilateral
Tubing Access
Completion Sleeve
Commingled Production
Dual-Production
Packer
Limited-Isolation Tubing
Access Multilateral Access Sleeve
Completion
Level 1 TAML
(Segregated
production) Packer
Open-hole
horizontal
branch
Drillpipe Wash down System
Wash-down
9 5/8-in. Casing
Centralized Lateral for Screens Run
Liner Hangers
in Open Hole (Sized
(Sized-
Centralized
Liner Joint Salt Mud Displaced)
7-in. Casing
3 1/2-in. Dual Float Shoe with
Production Prepack Screen Sealbore Sub
Packer
6-in. Open Hole
Hollow Whipstock
Commingled Production Orienting Latch
Multilateral Packer
Orienting
g Nipple
pp
Retrievable Packers
4 1/2-in. 4 1/2-in.
Predrilled Casing Predrilled Casing
6 1/8-in. 6 1/8-in.
p Hole
Open Open Hole
9 5/8-in
5/8-in. Casing
Advanced Dual Packer
Multilateral
Durasleeve
Completion Swivel
Multilateral Packer
Orienting Nipple
with Mating Lock
PBR and
Re-entry Seal Assemblyy
Guide
9 5/8-in. Casing
Re-entry
Re entry Access
Centralized Steel
Window Joints
Retrievable Diverter
Window Bushing
for Full-Gauge
8 1/2-in. Open Hole
Tools
g
7-in. Casing
Full-Gauge
7-in. Service Tool
Intelligent Completions
Sensors •
Ability to open/shut off •
open/shut-off
Currently main application: water •
cresting
ti control
t l
Multilateral well completion for downhole
separation and disposal of water
P bl
Problems
1.- Three wells producing from the same reservoir, have the following pressure •
data:
•
Pressure, psi @ node # •
Well # 8 6 3 1 •
1 3250 1700 400 30 •
2 3250 2800 400 30 •
3 3250 2800 1400 30 •
Discuss pressure distribution in the 3 wells and possible problems in each one. •
2.- List two ways by which the following factors affect well •
completion design: •
-Driving Mechanism •
- ………………………………………………………… –
…………………………………………………………. –
-Multiple
Multiple Reservoirs •
……………………………………………………………. –
……………………………………………………………. •
•
-Needs for artificial lifting •
…………………………………………………………… –
..…………………………………………………………. –
3.- Find the density and pressure gradient in psi/ft for the •
following fluids : •
-Fresh water - ………………… •
-Crude of 36 API - ……………………….. •
-Gas with a molecular weight of 19 at 1500 psi and 180ºF…. •
-Brine of 1.075 specific gravity - …………………………. •
•
4.- Show where would you drill & complete wells in the •
following reservoirs: •
5 -A well encountered zone A,
5.-A A which is oil-bearing,
oil-bearing and was •
covered by 9 5/8 inch production casing with shoe @ •
7,500’.The presence of another, oil bearing lower zone B was •
confirmed from improved seismic,
seismic so the well was deepened •
using an 8 ½ inch bit to a depth of 8,200’. •
You are required to design a suitable completion for the well, •
taking into consideration the following points:
-The completion should allow simultaneous production from
the two zones. Zone A has sweet, high API ( 40ºAPI )crude,
while
hil zone B has
h sour and d corrosive,
i relatively
l ti l low
l gravity
it
( 29ºAPI ) crude.
Zone B is composed of loose sand that would be produced
along
l with
ith the
th crude.
d The
Th graini size
i distribution
di t ib ti is i as given
i to
t
allow the calculation of gravel and screen sizes.
Grain Diam., inch: o.1 0.07 0.04 0.01 0.006 0.001
C
Cum. Wt
Wt., % : 12 34 60 81 90 99
You can draw sketches as needed.