Yacimiento

Chapter 59
SPE Letter and Computer Symbols Standard

for Economics, Well Logging and Formation
Evaluation, Natural Gas Engineering, and
Petroleum Reservoir Engineering
Prepared by the Symbols Committee of the Society of Petroleum Engineers
Contents
Symbols in Alphabetical Order.. .59-Z

Quantities in Alphabetical Order .............................................. .59-18
Subscript Definitions in Alphabetical Order. ....................................... .59-52
Subscript Symbols in Alphabetical Order .59-63
59-2 PETROLEUM ENGINEERING HANDBOOK
Symbols in Alphabetical Order

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SPE Computer
Letter Letter Letter
Symbol Symbol Symbol Quantity Dimensions
-
English
A ARA area L2
A HWF Helmholtz function (work function) mL2/ t2
A AMP amplitude various
A AWT atomic weight m
A ARA cross section (area) L2
4 AMPC amplitude, compressional wave various
A, AMPR amplitude, relative various
4 AMPS amplitude, shear wave various
a ACT activity
a AIR air requirement various
a DEC decline factor, nominal
a DLW distance between like wells (injection or production) L
in a row
aE AIREX air requirement, unit, in laboratory experimental L3/m
run, volumes of air per unit mass of pack
aR AIRR air requirement, unit, in reservoir, volumes of
air per unit bulk volume of reservoir rock
B COR correction term or correction factor
(either additive or multiplicative)
B FVF formation volume factor,
volume at reservoir conditions divided
by volume at standard conditions
Fg FVFG formation volume factor, gas
Fgb FVFGB bubblepoint formation volume factor, gas
Fgb FVFGB formation volume factor at bubblepoint
conditions, gas
FO FVFO formation volume factor, oil
F ob FVFOB bubblepoint formation volume factor, oil
F ob FVFOB formation volume factor at bubble point
conditions, oil
4 F, FVFT formation volume factor, total (two-phase)
& FW FVFW formation volume factor, water
b W WTH breadth, width, or (primarily in fracturing) L
thickness
b ICP intercept various
b RVF reciprocal formation volume factor, volume at
standard conditions divided by volume at
reservoir conditions (shrinkage factor)
b WTH width, breadth, or (primarily in fracturing) L
thickness
RVFG reciprocal gas formation volume factor
RVFGB reciprocal gas formation volume factor at
bubblepoint conditions
RVFO reciprocal oil formation volume factor
(shrinkage factor)
c ECQ capacitance q2t2/mL2
Dimensions: L=length. m=mass, q=electrical charge, t =tirne. T=temperature, and M=money.
WE LETTER AND COMPUTER SYMBOLS STANDARD 59-3
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C G INVT capital investments, summation of all M
c CGW coefficient of gas-well backpressure curve ~3-2n t4n/m2n
C k NMBC components, number of

c c,n CNC concentration various
C u ECN conductivity (electrical logging) tq2/mL3
C K CND conductivity, other than electrical (with subscripts) various
C c, n CNC salinity various
c C HSP specific heat (always with phase or system L2/ t2T
subscripts)
C WDC water-drive constant L4t2/m
CNCCl concentration, methane (concentration of various
5 cc1
other paraffin hydrocarbons would be
indicated similarly, Cc,, Cc3, etc.)
CL cL,nL CNTL content, condensate or natural gas liquids various
CL WDCL water-drive constant, linear aquifer L4t2/m
C CNC02 concentration, oxygen (concentration various
02 co2
of other elements or compounds would be
indicated similarly, Cco2, CN2, etc.)
G ECNA conductivity, apparent tq2/mL3
p CNOFD conductivity, fracture, dimensionless
I INVI capital investment, initial M
ck INVK capital investment, subsequent, in year k M
G CNCFU fuel concentration, unit (see symbol m) various
c uk INVUK unamortized investment over year k
Cw C Wg’hg CNTWG content, wet-gas various
C k,K CMP compressibility Lt2/m
Cf kfJ Kf CMPF compressibility, formation or rock Lt2/m
5 kg* Kg CMPG compressibility, gas Lt2/m
co ko>Ko CMPO compressibility, oil Lt2/m
CPT kPr’% CMPPRD compressibility, pseudo reduced
CW k w> Kw CMPW compressibility, water Lt2/m
D DLV deliverability (gas well) L3/t
D YA DPH depth L
D CL,6 DFN diffusion coefficient L2/t
D DSC discount factor, general
DC oscc discount factor, constant-income
4 DSCSP discount factor, single-payment
[l/(l+i)k; ore-jk, j=ln(l+i)l
D SPC DSCSPC discount factor, single-payment
(constant annual rate) [e-jk(ej - 1)/j]
d DECE decline factor, effective
d D DIA diameter L
d Ld,L2 DUW distance between adjacent rows of injection and L
production wells
4 4 DIAAVP diameter, mean particle L
dh dH& OIAH diameter, hole L
a: dl,Di OlAl diameter, invaded zone (electrically equivalent) L
E we EFF efficiency
E V EMF electromotive force mL2/t2q
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SPE Computer
E u ENG energy mL*/ t*

E Y ELMY modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) n-l/L+
EA ?AFeA EFFA efficiency, area1 (used in describing results of model
studies only): area swept in a model divided by
total model reservoir area (see Ep)
ED ?lDJeD EFFO efficiency, displacement: volume of hydrocarbons
(oil or gas) displaced from individual pores or
small groups of pores divided by the volume of
hydrocarbon in the same pores just prior to
Em EFFOB efficiency, displacement, from burned portion of

in-situ combustion pattern
ED, EFFDU efficiency, displacement, from unburned portion of
El EFFI efficiency, invasion (vertical) : hydrocarbon pore
space invaded (affected, contacted) by the injection
fluid or heat front divided by the hydrocarbon pore
space enclosed in all layers behind the injected
fluid or heat front
cl Euler’s number
EP wep EFFP efficiency, pattern sweep (developed from area1
efficiency by proper weighting for variations in
net pay thickness, porosity, and hydrocarbon
saturation): hydrocarbon pore space enclosed
behind the injected fluid or heat front divided
by total hydrocarbon pore space of the reservoir
or project
ER 7)RpeR EFFR efficiency, overall reservoir recovery: volume of
hydrocarbons recovered divided by volume of
hydrocarbons in place at start of project
(ER=EpEfED=EvED)
E SP QSP EMFSP SP (measured SP) (Self Potential) mL2/ t2q
ESSP QSSP EMFSSP SSP (static SP) mL2/t2q
EV qv,ev EFFV efficiency, volumetric: product of pattern
sweep and invasion efficiencies
Em EFFVB efficiency, volumetric, for burned portion
only, in-situ combustion pattern
EC EMFC electrochemical component of the SP mL2/t2q
Ek EMFK electrokinetic component of the SP mL2/t2q
Ek ENGK kinetic energy mL2/ t2
EPSP EMFP pseudo-SP mL2/qt2
m e-’
-Ei (-x ) exponential integral, sx 7 dt, x positive
Ei (x) exponential integral, modified
EzO[J$dt+qfdt], x positive
-ca
e ENC encroachment or influx rate L3/t
UTLOZ oxygen utilization
e% ZO,
SPE LETTER AND COMPUTER SYMBOLS STANDARD 59-5
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eE ‘E ENCG encroachment or influx rate, gas L3/t

e. lo ENCO encroachment or influx rate, oil L3/t
e, b ENCW encroachment or influx rate, water L%
ez exp z EXP exponential function
F OGF degrees of freedom
F FAC factor in general, including ratios various
(always with identifying subscripts)
F f FLU fluid (generalized) various
F Q FCE force, mechanical mL/ t2
F FAC ratio or factor in general (always with various
identifying subscripts)
FB FACB factor, turbulence
FR FACHR formation resistivity factor-equals
R ,,/R, (a numerical subscript
to F indicates the value R,)
Fwv Y WGTS specific weight mL2/ t2
F llF FACAFU air/fuel ratio various
F, Fd OMRS damage ratio or condition ratio (conditions
relative to formation conditions unaffected
by well operations)
F WF FACWFU water/fuel ratio various
F WD FACWO water/oil ratio, producing, instantaneous
p/J FACWOP water/oil ratio, cumulative
F FRC fraction (such as the fraction of a flow
stream consisting of a particular phase)
V FON frequency l/t
FACF friction factor
FUG fugacity rn/Lt2
FIGSH fraction of intergranular space (“porosity”)
occupied by all shales
&nfshd FIMSHD fraction of intermatrix space (“porosity”)
occupied by nonstructural dispersed shale
4Krw FIGW fraction of intergranular space (“porosity”)
occupied by water
fL r;,,ff script 1 FRCL fraction liquid
fL FL,fpscript
1 MFRTL mole fraction liquid, LI(L+ v)
fPk PRAPK profit, annual, over year k, fraction of
unamortized investment
fv f Vbt vhf FRCVB fraction of bulk (total) volume
4 FRCG fraction gas
P 4 MFRTV mole fraction gas, V/(L+ V,
i 0~ OLTS quality (usually of steam)
G F GFE free energy (Gibbs function) mLZ/ t2
G g GASTI gas in place in reservoir, total initial L3
G g GAS gas(any gas, including air) always with various
identifying subscripts
G fG GMF geometrical factor (multiplier)
(electrical logging)
G 4 ELMS shear modulus m/L?
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GFi gF; GASFI free-gas volume, initial reservoir (=miW,;)

GASFP free gas produced, cumulative $
GFP SF,
GL gL NGLTI condensate liquids in place in reservoir, initial L3
G LP gLP NGLP condensate liquids produced, cumulative L3
Gon fGon GMFAN factor, geometrical (multiplier),
annulus (electrical logging)
G an fG,n GMFAN geometrical factor (multiplier),
G & GASE gas influx (encroachment), cumulative
Gi gi GASI gas injected, cumulative
G fc, GMFI geometrical factor (multiplier),
invaded zoned (electrical logging)
fGm GMFM geometrical factor (multiplier),
mud (electrical logging)
gP GASP gas produced, cumulative L3
f& GMFP geometrical factor (multiplier), pseudo
GPE &E GASPEX gas produced from experimental tube run
GASPUL gas recovery, ultimate 1:
Gpa gP
Gt fGt GMFT geometrical factor, (multiplier), true
(noninvaded zone) (electrical logging)
G WP h-P GASWGP wet gas produced, cumulative L3
Gx0 f Gxo GMFXO geometrical factor (multiplier),
flushed zone (electrical logging)
g GRV acceleration of gravity L/t2
g Y GRD gradient various
gG g&T GRDGT gradient, geothermal T/L
gT gh GRDT gradient, temperature T/L
g, GRVC conversion factor in Newton’s Second Law of
Motion
I HEN enthalpy (always with phase or system subscripts) mL2/ t2
4 HENS enthalpy (net) of steam or enthalpy above mL2/ t2
reservoir temperature
d,e THK bed thickness, individual L
HENS enthalpy, specific L2/ t2
hnhr HTCC heat-transfer coefficient, convective m/t3T
d.e ZHT height (other than elevation) L
HPC hyperboli,c declinF,,constaht (from equation)
q =qi/ I,?
I I
h THK thickness- (general and individual bed) L
hmc THKMC thickness, mudcake L
h THKN thickness, net pay L
h, THKT thickness, gross pay (total) L
I INC cash income, operating
I i script i,i CUR current, electric
I i script i,i CUR electric current 3:
I JTJ, HTCI heat transfer coefficient, radiation m/t3T
I X index (use subscripts as needed)
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SPE Computer
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I i IJX injectivity index L4t/m
9 (z) script
I imaginary part of complex number z
I, i, PRX porosity index
Ibl ibl PRXPR porosity index, primary
I,2 i,2 PRXSE porosity index, secondary
bf iFf FFX free fluid index
IH iH HYX hydrogen index
JR iR RSXH hydrocarbon resistivity index R,/R ,,
4 INCA cash income, operating, after taxes M
lb INCB cash income, operating, before taxes M
FRX fracture index
:f INCK cash income, annual operating, over year k M
t IJXS injectivity index, specific L’t/m
I shGR SHXGR shaliness gamma ray index, (ylOg-Y~~)/(Y,,, --yo)
i RTEO discount rate
i INJ injection rate LJ/t
i IRCE interest rate, effective compound (usually annual)
i ki RTE rate: discount, effective profit, of return,
reinvestment, etc; use symbol iwith
suitable subscripts
h4 IRPE interest rate, effective, per period
ia INJA injection rate, air L3/t
‘K INJG injection rate, gas L3/t
4 RORI rate of return (internal, true, or discounted
cash flow) or earning power
4v INJW injection rate, water L3/t
J j POX productivity index L4t/m
Js JS PDXS productivity index, specific L3t/m
j r IRA interest rate, nominal annual
j reciprocal permeability l/L2
K ib BKM bulk modulus m/L+
K KSP coefficient in the equation of the electro- mL2/t2q
chemical component of the SP (spontaneous
electromotive force)
K M COE coefficient or multiplier various
K d DSP dispersion coefficient L2/t
K Me‘,, EQR equilibrium ratio (Jo/x>
K M COE multiplier or coefficient various
KR MR,a,C COER formation resistivity factor coefficient (FR4”)
K fItI, Mani COEANI anisotropy coefficient
KC McXec COEC electrochemical coefficient mL2/t2q
k SUSM magnetic susceptibility ml-/s2
k ;; PRM permeability, absolute (fluid flow) L2
k r,j RRC reaction rate constant L/t
kK 4 PRMG effective permeability to gas L2
kglb Kg I&? PRMGD gas/oil permeability ratio
kh h HCN thermal conductivity (always with additional mL/t3T
phase or system subscripts)
ko & PRMO effective permeability to oil L2
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kw Krg PRMRG relative permeability to gas
kIO &I PRMRD relative permeability to oil
k KW PRMRW relative permeability to water
k’,” KW PRMW effective permeability to water L2
kw/ko Kw/& PRMWD water/oil permeability ratio
S(v) script L transform, Laplace of y, Imy(t)e -$‘dt
L s, P script 1 LTH distance, length, or length’of path L

L s, P script 1 LTH length, path length, or distance L
L nL MDLL liquid phase, moles of
L s, P script 1 LTH path length, length, or distance L
L”f Xf LTHFH fracture half-length (specify “in the L
direction or’ when using xf )
4 s,,& script 1 LENS spacing (electrical logging) L
L HLTV heat of vaporization, latent L2/ t2
In natural logarithm, base e
log common logarithm, base 10
h2 logarithm, base a
M I MAG magnetization da
M FA MBR mobility ratio, general (hdisplacing/hdisplaced)
M F, MBR mobility ratio, sharp-front approximation (AD/Ad)
M MWT molecular weight tn
M m NMBCP number of compounding periods (usually per year)
M moD SAD slope, interval transit time vs. density (absolute tL2/m
value)
M HSPV volumetric heat capacity rn/Lt2T
ML MWTAVL molecular weight of produced liquids, m
mole-weighted average
MS Mm J&u MBRSAV mobility ratio, diffuse-front approximation
[(AD+ Ad)swept/(b)unsweptl;
D signifies displacing; d signifies
displaced; mobilities are evaluated at
average saturation conditions behind and
ahead of front
MAGF magnetization, fraction
Fht MBRT mobility ratio, total, [(A,)swept/(A,)unsweptI;
“swept” and “unswept” refer to invaded
and uninvaded regions behind and ahead
of leading edge of displacement front
m MXP cementation (porosity) exponent (in an
empirical relation between FR and 4)
m FF FCM fuel consumption various
m MAS mass m
m F~olFgo MGD ratio of initial reservoir free-gas volume
to initial reservoir oil volume
m A SLP slope various
45 FFE FCMEX fuel consumption in experimental tube run m/L3
m.% FFE~ FCMEXG fuel consumption in experimental tube run m
(mass of fuel per mole of produced gas)
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SPE Computer
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mR FFR FCMR fuel consumption in reservoir dL3

mk AMAK amortization (annual write-off of unamortized M
investment at end of year k)
N n,C NMB count rate (general) 1/t
N NEU neutron [usually with identifying subscript(s)] various
N NIJMU number, dimensionless, in general (always
with identifying subscripts)
N n OIL oil (always with identifying subscripts) various
N n OILTI oil in place in reservoir, initial L3
N n NMB pump strokes, number of, cycles per unit of time
N meND SND slope, neutron porosity vs. density (absolute value) L3/m
NCR N,, CG NGR gamma-ray count rate 1/t
NN N,,CN NEUN neutron count rate 1/t
NR NF FUOR fuel deposition rate rn/L3t
NRe REYQ Reynolds number (dimensionless number)
OllE
N,
Np nP OllP
oil influx (encroachment) cumulative
oil produced, cumulative 1:
%a nPQ OILPUL oil recovery, ultimate L3
n N NMB density (indicating “number per unit volume”) l/L3
n NGW exponent of backpressure curve, gas well
n RFX index of refraction
n NMB number (of variables, or components, or steps,
or increments, etc.)
n N NMB number (quantity)
n SXP saturation exponent
nN NMBN density (number) of neutrons l/L3
"J MOLJ moles of component j
% MOLPJ moles of component .i produced, cumulative
4 NMBM number of moles, total
0 XPO operating expense various
0, XPOU operating expense per unit produced M/L3
P CFL cash flow, undiscounted M
P NMBP phases, number of
P PRFT profit, total M
PPV CFLPV cash flow, discounted
P, PC*PC PRSCP capillary pressure $Lt2
pk PRAK profit, annual net, over year k
P P PRS pressure ZLt2
B P PRSAV average pressure m/L?
F P PRSAV pressure, average or mean m/L+
i!R pR PRSAVR pressure, reservoir average n-l/L?
PD pD PRSO pressure, dimensionless
PO pa PRSA pressure, atmospheric
Pb Ps,ps,pb PRSB pressure, bubblepoint (saturation)
Pbh P bh PRSBH pressure, bottomhole
PC PC PRSC pressure, critical
Pcf P CJ- PRSCF pressure, casing flowing
PCS PCS PRSCS pressure, casing static
Pd pd PRSD pressure, dew point
Pt? pt? PRSE pressure, external boundary
Reserve
SPE Computer
PCY, Pem PRSXT pressure, extrapolated m/L?

Pf Pf PRSF pressure, front or interface m/L?
Pi pi PRY pressure, initial m/Lt*
Piwf P IWf PRSIWF pressure, bottomhole flowing, injection well m/L?
Piws piw3 PRSIWS pressure, bottomhole static, injection well m/L?
PPC PPC PRSPC pressure, pseudocritical m/Lt*
PPC
PPC PRSPC pseudocritical pressure m/L?
b PFJr PRSPRD pressure, pseudoreduced m/L+
PI p, PRSRD pressure, reduced
PSC psc PRSSC pressure, standard conditions rn/Lt2
PSP PSP PRSSP pressure, separator m/L?
pb %
PRSTCKI pressure function, dimensionless, at
dimensionless time tD
pi/ PRSTF pressure, tubing flowing
pts PRSTS pressure, tubing static
PW PRSW pressure, bottomhole general
P wf PRSWF pressure, bottomhole flowing
PWS PRSWS pressure, bottomhole static
P ws PRSWS pressure, bottomhole, at any time after shut-in
4 CHG charge q
4*@ HRT heat flow rate mL2/ t3
QftD script 1 ENCLTQII influx function, fluid, linear aquifer,
dimensionless
Qv zv CEXV cation exchange capacity per unit pore volume
Qi 4i FLUID pore volumes of injected fluid, cumulative,
dimensionless
Qp QP,D script 1 FLUP fluids, cumulative produced (where Np and
W, are not applicable)
Qp FLUP produced fluids, cumulative (where Np L3
and W, are not applicable)
Q tll ENCTOG fluid influx function, dimensionless, at
RTE production rate or flow rate L3/t
RTEAV production rate or flow rate, average L3/t
QD RTEO production rate, dimensionless
Qll RTEA production rate at economic abandonment L3/t
%vf&vi~Qdh RTEDH volumetric flow rate downhole L3/t
RTEG production rate, gas L3/t
2D RTEGO production rate, gas, dimensionless
Qi RTEI production rate at beginning of period L3/t
RTEO production rate, oil L3/t
ED RTEOCI production rate, oil, dimensionless
QF RTEPAV production rate or flow rate at mean pressure L3/t
Q* RTES segregation rate (in gravity drainage) L3/t
Qx
q c,# RTESC surface production rate L3/t
q mlQsc RTESC volumetric flow rate, surface conditions L3/t
Q, RTEW production rate, water L3/t
Q WD RTEWll production rate, water, dimensionless
PI’ RES electrical resistivity (electrical logging) mL3/tq2
Reserve
SPE Computer
R ARR gas constant, universal (per mole) mLZ/t2T

R 4 1Cw GOR gas/oil ratio. producing
R N MRF molecular refraction i3
R RRR reaction rate m/L’
Sk )script
R real part of complex number z
Ro RESZR formation resistivity when 100% saturated mL3/tq*
with water of resistivity R,,.
Rf GORF free gas/oil ratio, producing (free-gas
volume/oil volume)
RI RESA apparent resistivity mL3/ tq2
R, RESI invaded zone resistivity mL3/tq2
R/r, RESM mud resistivity mL3/tq2
R,,,, RESMC mudcake resistivity mL3/tq2
R rrif RESMF mud-filtrate resistivity mL3/tq2
RP GORP cumulative gas/oil ratio
R, GORS solution gas/oil ratio (gas solubility in oil)
4, GORSB solution gas/oil ratio at bubblepoint conditions
R\/, RESSH shale resistivity mL3/tq2
4, GORSI solution gas/oil ratio, initial
R,,, GWRS gas solubility in water
4 REST true formation resistivity mL3/ tq2
R,, RESW water resistivity mL3/ tq2
R .\o RESXO flushed-zone resistivity (that part of the mL3/tq2
invaded zone closest to the wall of the hole,
where flushing has been maximum)
R, RESZ apparent resistivity of the conductive fluids in mL3/tq2
r RAO radius L
r RST resistance ML2/tq2
b RADII radius, dimensionless
rff RAOHL hydraulic radius
rd RADP drainage radius
r,. RADE external boundary radius
r, RADS radius of well damage or stimulation (skin)
rn RADW well radius
f-ll.o RADWA radius of wellbore, apparent or effective
(includes effects of well damage or stimulation)
S HER entropy, total mL21t2T
S SAT saturation
S ST0 storage or storage capacity various
Sl. SATL liquid saturation, combined total
S 17) STOQ dimcnaionless fractional storage capacity
ss SATG gas saturation
S,, SATGC gas saturation, critical
SW SATGR gas saturation, residual
4, SATH saturation, hydrocarbon
s,, SATHR residual hydrocarbon saturation
s,,, SATIW irreducible (interstitial or connate) water saturation
SO SAT0 oil saturation
SOP SATDG gas-cap interstitial-oil saturation
so, SATOR residual oil saturation
4, SATW water saturation
SW SATWC critical water saturation
Reserve
SPE Computer
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Sw SATWG interstitial-water saturation in gas cap
s WI SATWI initial water saturation
SW’O SATWO interstitial-water saturation in oil band
Swr SATWR residual water saturation
s Laplace transform variable
S L DIS displacement L
S HERS entropy, specific L2/t2T
s 10 SKN skin effect various
S SDVES standard deviation of a random variable, estimated
s* VARES variance of a random variable, estimated
T PER period t
T TRM transmissivity, transmissibility various
T TEM temperature
TR TEMR reservoir temperature
Thh TEMBH bottomhole temperature
T TEMC critical temperature
T/ TEMF formation temperature
T,, TEMPRD pseudoreduced temperature
T. TEMRD reduced temperature
TX TEMSC temperature, standard conditions T
t script
t TAC interval transit time t/L
t TIM time
tl TIMRP relaxation time, proton thermal t
fll2 TIMH half life
t2 TIMAV relaxation time, free-precession decay
tD TIMD time, dimensionless
tDtn TIMMD time, dimensionless at condition m
t/v NFL neutron lifetime l/t
td TIMD time, delay t
h!V TIMDN decay time, neutron (neutron mean life) t
t
P TIMP time well was on production prior to shut-in, t
equivalent (pseudotime)
ts TIMS time for stabilization of a well t
t,,,
script
t TACSH shale interval transit time t/L
u HTCU heat transfer coefficient, over all m/t3T
u FIX flux various
u VELV flux or flow rate, per unit area L/t
(volumetric velocity)
Q VELV superficial phase velocity (flux rate of a L/t
particular fluid phase flowing in pipe;
use appropriate phase subscripts)
R, V,,R, GRRT gross revenue (“value”), total M
n,, MDLV moles of vapor phase
u VLT potential difference (electric) mL2/qt2
VDL volume L3
VLF volume fraction or ratio (as needed, use same various
subscripted symbols as for “volumes”; note
that bulk volume fraction is unity and pore
volume fractions are fJ)
Reserve
SPE Computer
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v, Vt?, VOLM molal volume (volume per mole)

vRb VOLRB volume of reservoir rock burned
VRI< VOLRU volume of reservoir rock unburned
vb vb VOLE bulk volume
vbE vbE VOLBEX bulk volume of pack burned in experimental
tube run
Vb,, VOLBP volume at bubble point pressure
v, VOLG volume, effective pore ,“i:
V8. VOLGR volume, grain (volume of all formation solids L3
except shales)
VOLIG volume, intergranular (volume between grains; L3
consists of fluids and all shales) ( Vb- V,, 1
v/m VOLIM volume, intermatrix (consists of fluids and L3
dispersed shale) (Vb- V,, 1
Vmo V!?l, VOLMA matrix (framework) volume (volume L3
of all formation solids except
dispersed clay or shale)
Vmo V,l, VOLMA volume, matrix (framework) (volume of all
formation solids except dispersed shale)
VTIP Vpnr, vne VOLNE volume, noneffective pore <VP-V, )
5 VP VOLP pore volume ( vb- V,)
VPD v~D VOLPR pore volume, dimensionless
v, vs VOLS volume, solid(s) (volume of all formation L3
solids)
Vsh vsh VOLSH volume, shale(s) (volume of all shales: L3
structural and dispersed)
Vshd vshd VOLSHD volume, shale, dispersed
Vshs “shs VOLSHS volume, shale, structural
VU RU GRRU gross revenue (“value”) per unit produced M/L3
V KU VAC acoustic velocity L/t
V VS SPV specific volume L3/m
V v, u VEL velocity L/t
vb vb, ub VELB burning-zone advance rate (velocity of> L/t
W w WTR water (always with identifying subscripts) various
W W WTRTI water in place in reservoir, initial L3
W w,G WGT weight (gravitational) mL/t*
W W WRK work mL*/ t*
W, WP WTRE water influx (encroachment), cumulative
wi Y WTRI water injected, cumulative ;;
wp WP WTRP water produced, cumulative
W Z ARR Arrhenius reaction-rate velocity constant L3/m
W m MRT mass flow rate m/t
t ma script t Atrn, TACMA matrix interval transit time
m MRT rate, mass flow St
I;: XEL reactance ML*/tq*
z
X tensor ofx
X MFRL mole fraction of a component in liquid phase
zi vector of x
3i MENES mean value of a random variable, x, estimated
Reserve
SPE Computer
Y HOL holdup (fraction of the pipe volume filled by

a given fluid: Y, is oil hold up, y, is water
holdup, sum of all holdups at a given level
is one>
Y MFRV mole fraction of a component in vapor phase
Z ANM atomic number
Z ZEL elevation referred to datum L
Z ZEL height, or fluidhead or elevation L
referred to a datum
Z MPO impedance various
Z, MPDA impedance, acoustic m/L2t
z ZED gas compressibility factor
(deviation factor) (z =pV/nR r)
2 MFRM mole fraction of a component in mixture
Z VAL valence
4
ZEOPAV gas deviation factor (compressibility factor)
at mean pressure
Greek
CY ANG angle
a COEA attenuation coefficient l/L
a! HTD heat or thermal diffusivity L*/t
CY RED reduction ratio or reduction term
a HTD thermal or heat diffusivity L2/t
REDSH reduction ratio, SP, due to shaliness
“SPsh
BRGR bearing, relative
; HEC thermal cubic expansion coefficient l/T
Y GRY gamma ray [usually with identifying subscript(s) 1 various
Y SPG specific gravity (relative density)
Y HSPR specific heat ratio
Y STNS strain, shear
+ SRT shear rate l/t
Y&T SPGG specific gravity, gas
YO SPGO specific gravity, oil
YW SPGW specific gravity, water
A DEL difference or difference operator,
finite (Ax =x2 -x1 or x1 -x2)
DELGASE gas influx (encroachment) during an interval
DELGASI gas injected during an interval
OELGASP gas produced during an interval
OELOILE oil influx (encroachment) during an interval
DELOILP oil produced during an interval
OELWTRE water influx (encroachment) during an interval
DELWTRI water injected during an intervai
OELWTRP water produced during an interval
OELRAD radial distance (increment along radius) L
DELTIMWF drawdown time (time after well is opened to t
production) (pressure drawdown)
AL OELTIMWS buildup time; shut-in time
(time after well is shut in)
(pressure buildup, shut-in time)
Reeerve
SPE Computer
Letter Letter
Symbol Symbol Quantity Dimensions
-
DCR decrement various

ANGH deviation, hole (drift angle)
OPR displacement ratio
ANGH drift angle, hole (deviation)
SKD skin depth (logging) L
DPROB displacement ratio, oil from burned volume,
volume per unit volume of burned reservoir rock
DPROU displacement ratio, oil from unburned volume,
volume per unit volume of unburned reservoir
rock
DPRWB displacement ratio, water from burned volume,
volume per unit volume of burned reservoir
rock
DIE dielectric constant q2t2/mL3
STN strain, normal and genera1
DFS hydraulic diffusivity (~/c#Jc~ or A/4c) L2/t
ANGO angle of dip
ANGDA dip, apparent angle of
ANGC contact angle
ANG angle
STNV strain, volume
LAM decay constant (l/~,,) l/t
MOB mobility (k /CL) L3t/m
WVL wave length (I/CT) L
MOBG mobility, gas L3t/m
MOB0 mobility, oil L3t/m
MOBT mobility, total, of all fluids in a particular region L3t/m
of the reservoir [e.g., (A,,+& +A,,.)]
MOBW mobility, water L3t/m
PSN Poisson’s ratio
RAZ azimuth of reference on sonde
PAMM magnetic permeability mL/q*
MEN mean value of a random variable
VIS viscosity, dynamic m/Lt
VISA viscosity, air d-t
VISG viscosity, gas m/Lt
VEGA viscosity, gas, at 1 atm m/Lt
VISO viscosity, oil m/Lt
VISPAV viscosity at mean pressure m/Lt
VISW viscosity, water m/Lt
VSK kinematic viscosity L*/t
VSK viscosity, kinematic L2jt
DEN density m/L3
RHO electrical resistivity (other than logging) mL3jtq2
DENAVL density of produced liquid, weight-weighted dL3
average
DENFU density, fuel
DENA density, apparent $1:
DENB density, bulk m/L3
DENF density, fluid m/L3
OENG density, gas m/L3
Reserve
SPE Computer
- -
Pm0 DENMA density, matrix (solids, grain) m/L3
PO DEND density, oil m/L3
fsE DENSEX density of solid particles making up m/L’
experimental pack
DENT density, true m/L3
DENW density, water m/L’
DENXD density, flushed zone m/L3
XSTMAC cross section, macroscopic l/L
SUM summation (operator)
SIG conductivity, electrical (other than logging) various
XSTMIC cross section, microscopic l/L
XNL cross section of a nucleus, microscopic L*
SFT interfacial, surface tension m/t2
XSTMIC microscopic cross section L*
sov standard deviation of a random variable
STS stress, normal and general m/L+
SFT surface tension, interfacial r-n/t*
WVN wave number (l/h) l/L
VAR variance of a random variable
STSS stress, shear m/L+
TIMC time constant t
TIMAV lifetime, average (mean life) t
TORHL hydraulic tortuosity
TDRHL tortuosity, hydraulic
TIMD decay time (mean life) (l/A)
TIMD mean life (decay time) (l/A)
TORE tortuosity, electric
DA2 dip, azimuth of
POT potential or potential function various
POR porosity (vb - vS)/ vb
POREX porosity of experimental pack
PORR porosity of reservoir or formation
PORA porosity, apparent
PORE porosity, effective (V,,/Vh)
PDRH porosity, hydrocarbon-filled, fraction or percent
of rock bulk volume occupied by hydrocarbons
PDRIG “porosity” (space), intergranular (V, - V,, )/V,
PORIM “porosity” (space), intermatrix tvb - v,,,, )/ vb
PORNE porosity, noneffective (V,,,/V,)
PORT porosity, total
STR stream function various
DSM dispersion modulus (dispersion factor)
angular frequency l/t
ot proportional to
- AV average or mean (overbar)
< LT smaller than
s LE equal to or smaller than
> GT larger than
3 GE equal to or larger than
Reserve
SPE Computer
ASYM asymptotically equal to

APPR approximately equal to or is approximated
by (usually with functions)
V DEL de1 (gradient operator)
V. divergence
V2 Laplacian operator
VX curl
erf ERF error function
erfc ERFC error function, complementary
lim LM limit
b Y ICP intercept various
E, Euler’s number
Ei(x) exponential integral, modified
kii [ s-‘$dt+ r:dt] , x positive

-co c
me-’
- Ei( -x) exponential integral, -dt, x positive
s t
x
ez exp z EXP exponential function
FAC ratio
f” F FRC fraction
g(z) imaginary part of complex number z
Laplace transform of y, imy(t)es’dt
logarithm. natural, base i

logarithm. common, base 10
logarithm, base u
A SLP slope various
NUMQ number. dimensionless
NMB number (of variables, or steps. or increments, etc.)
real part of complex number ,:
Laplace transform variable
SDVES standard deviation of a random variable.
estimated
VARES variance of a random variable. estimated
MENES mean value of a random variable. .Y. estimated
vector of I-
tensor of .r
P,T ANG angle
Euler’s constant=0.5772
difference (Ax=x* --x t or x, --x2)
difference operator, finite
MEN mean value of a random variable
f POT potential or potential function various
STR stream function various
SDV standard deviation of a random variable
VAR variance of a random variable
Quantities in Alphabetical Order
Reeerve
SPE Computer
Quantity Symbol Symbol Symbol Dimensions
Arrhenius reaction-rate velocity constant ARR L3/m

absolute permeability (fluid flow) P PAM L’
acceleration of gravity g GAV L/t2
acoustic impedance ZO MPOA m/L2t
acoustic velocity V VAC L/t
activity ACT
air/fuel ratio iF FACAFU various
air injection rate ‘0 INJA L3/t
air requirement a AIR various
air requirement, unit, in laboratory experimental aE AIREX L3/m
air requirement, unit, in reservoir, volumes of aR AIRR
air per unit bulk volume of reservoir rock
air viscosity Pa VISA dLt
amortization (annual write-off of unamortized mk AMAK M
investment at end of year k)
amplitude AMP various
amplitude, compressional wave AMPC various
amplitude, relative AMPR various
amplitude, shear wave AMPS various
angle ANG
angle ANG
angle of dip ANGII
angle, contact ANGC
angular frequency FQNANG ‘It
anisotropy coefficient COEANI
annual operating cash income, over year k INCK M
annulus geometrical factor GMFAN
(multiplier or fraction)
apparent interval transit time t, script f TACA t/L
apparent conductivity ccl ECNA tq2/mL3
apparent density pa rho IJENA m/L3
apparent or effective wellbore radius (includes r,., RADWA L
effects of well damage or stimulation)
apparent porosity 40 PORA
apparent resistivity 47 RESA mL3/tq2
apparent resistivity of the conductive fluids in R, RESZ mL3/tq2
an invaded zone (due to fingering)
approximately equal to or is approximated =E APPR
by (usually with functions)
area A ARA L2
area1 efficiency (used in describingresultsof EA EFFA
model studies only); area swept in a model
divided by total model reservoir area
(see EJ
asymptotically equal to -
ASYM
Dimensions: Lzlength. m=maSs. q=de~tl~al charge. t=tlIllt?. ‘1=temperature,
and M =money.
Reserve
SPE Computer
- -
atmospheric pressure PO PRSA m/Lt2
atomic number Z ANM
atomic weight A AWT m
attenuation coefficient A4
-a COEA ’ l/L
average flow rate or production rate Q RTEAV L’/t
average or mean (overbar) AV
average pressure P PRSAV m/Lt*
average reservoir pressure P PRSAVR nl/Lt2
azimuth of dip Pd DA2
azimuth of reference on sonde M RAZ
backpressure-curve exponent, gas well NGW
backpressure curve (gas well), coefficient of CGW
backpressure curve (gas well), exponent of NGW
base a, logarithm
bearing, relative BRGR
bed thickness, individual THK L
bottomhole flowing pressure PRSWF m/Lt*
bottomhole pressure PRSBH m/Lt2
bottomhole pressure flowing PRSWF m/Lt*
bottomhole flowing pressure, injection well PRSIWF m/Lt2
bottomhole static pressure, injection well PRSIWS m/Lt2
bottomhole pressure at any time after shut-in PRSWS m/Lt*
bottomhole pressure, general PRSW m/Lt’
bottomhole pressure, static PRSWS n-l/L?
bottomhole (well) pressure in water phase PRSWW m/Lt*
bottomhole temperature TEMBH T
breadth, width, or WTH L
thickness (primarily in fracturing)
boundary pressure, external PC> PC PRSE m/L+
boundary radius, external & RAOE L
bubblepoint formation volume factor, gas $6 Fgb FVFGB
bubblepoint formation volume factor, oil Bob F,, FVFOB
bubblepoint (saturation) pressure Pb Psfs,pb PRSB m/Lt*
bubblepoint reciprocal gas formation volume bd f&J;b RVFGB
factor at bubblepoint conditions
bubblepoint pressure, volume at V b VOLBP L3
bubblepoint solution gas/oil ratio 2 Fxsb GORSB
buildup time; shut-in time At,, Arws DELTIMWS t
(time after well is shut in)
(pressure buildup, shut-in time)
bulk density pb rho Db DENB m/L3
bulk modulus K & BKM m/Lt2
bulk volume vb vb VOLB
bulk volume of pack burned in experimental VbE VbE VOLBEX ;:
tube run
bulk (total) volume, fraction of fv FRCVB
burned reservoir rock, volume of VRtl VOLRB L3
burning-zone advance rate (velocity of) Vh VELB L/t
capacitance C ECU q2t2/mL2
Reserve
SPE Computer
- -
capacity, cation exchange, per unit pore volume QV zv CEXV
capacity, cation exchange, Qv, zv, CEXUT
per unit pore volume, total
capacity, storage s S,Q ST0 various
capacity, dimensionless fractional storage SP SD STOQ
capillary pressure PC Pc.Pc PRSCP m/L?
capital investment, initial c, INVI M
capital investment, subsequent, in year k Ch INVK M
capital investments, summation of all C C, INVT M
cash flow, discounted (present value) P PI; CFLPV M
cash flow, undiscounted P CFL M
cash income, annual operating, over year k h INCK M
cash income, operating I INC M
cash income, operating, after taxes 42 INCA M
cash income, operating, before taxes Ib INCB M
casing pressure, flowing PC! PC, PRSCF m/Lt2
casing pressure, static PC, p<, RSCS m/Lt*
cation exchange capacity per unit pore volume Qv zv CEXV
cation exchange capacity per unit pore volume, Qbi 44 CEXUT
total
cementation (porosity) exponent (in an empirical m MXP
relation between FR and 4)
charge (current times time) Q CHG 9
coefficient, anisotropy K cl,,, COEANI
coefficient, attenuation COEA l/L
coefficient, convective heat transfer h* HTCC m/t3T
coefficient, diffusion D OFN L2/t
coefficient, electrochemical K COEC mL2/t2q
coefficient, formation resistivity factor KR COER
coefficiem in the equation of the electro- K KSP mL2/t2q

chemical component of the SP (spontaneous
electromotive force)
coefficient of gas-well backpressure curve C CGW ~3-21~4n/~2n
coefficient heat transfer, overall CT uT, u, HTCU m/t3T

coefficient, heat transfer, radiation I IT, 1, HTCI rn/t3T
coefficient, thermal cubic expansion b HEC l/T
coefficient or multiplier ii M COE various
combined total liquid saturation SL PL JL SATL
common logarithm, base 10 log
component j, cumulative moles produced 51 MOLPJ
component j, moles of n/ MOLJ
component, mole fraction of, in liquid phase X MFRL
component, mole fraction of, in mixture Z MFRM
component, mole fraction of, in vapor phase Y MFRV
components, number of C nc NMBC
component of the SP, electrochemical 4 @c EMFC mL2/t2q
component of the SP, electrokinetic Eh @k EMFK mL2/t2q
compressibility c ktK CMP Lt2/m
compressibility factor (gas deviation factor, Z Z ZED
z=pVlnRT)
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
compressibility factor or deviation factor ZEDPAV
for gas, at mean pressure
compressibility, formation or rock CMPF Lt2/m
compressibility, gas CMPG Lt2/m
compressibility, oil CMPO Lt2/m
compressibility, pseudoreduced CMPPRO
compressibility, water CMPW Ltz/m
compressional wave amplitude AMPC various
concentration CNC various
concentration, methane (concentration of CNCCl various
indicated similarly, Ccz, Cc, , etc.)
concentration, oxygen (concentration CNCOZ various
of other elements or compounds would be
indicated similarly, Ccoz, CNl, etc.)
concentration, unit fuel cm94 CNCFU various
(see symbol m)
condensate liquids in place in reservoir, gL NGLTI L3
initial
condensate liquids produced, cumulative NGLP L3
condensate or natural gas liquids content CNTL various
conductivity, electrical (other than logging) SIG various
conductivity (electrical logging) ECN tq2/mL3
conductivity (electrical), apparent ECNA tq2/mL3
conductivity, fracture, dimensionless CNDFQ
conductivity, other than electrical (with subscripts) c CND various
conductivity, thermal (always with additional kh HCN mL/t3T
constant, Arrhenius reaction-rate W z ARR L3/m
velocity constant
constant, decay (l/~d) A C LAM l/t
constant, dielectric E epsilon DIG q2t2/mL3
constant, Euler’s = 0.5772 Y
constant in general*
constant-income discount factor oscc
constant3 hyperb,c$ic decline, HPC
a,t
4 =a/
I I
l+h
constant: universal gas (per mole) R RRR mL2/ t2T
constant, waterdrive c WDC L4t2/m
constant, waterdrive, linear aquifer CL WDCL L4t2/m
consumption, fuel m FF FCM various
consumption of fuel in experimental tube run mE FFE FCMEX I-f-l/L3
consumption of fuel in experimental tube run ME, FFE~ FCMEXG m
(mass of fuel per mole of produced gas)
consumption of fuel in reservoir FFR FCMR m/L3
contact angle r< 9 Yc ANGC
content, condensate or natural gas liquids CL CL.4 CNTL various
content, wet-gas c, CwRJnwR CNTWG various
convective heat-transfer coefficient h hh,hT HTCC m/t3T
-
*Any sunable nonconfl~crmg symbol defined m the text
Reserve
SPE Computer
conversion factor in Newton’s Second Law of GRVC

Motion
correction term or correction factor C COR
(either additive or multiplicative)
count rate (general) NMB l/t
count rate, neutron NEUN 1/t
count rate, gamma ray NGR 1/t
critical gas saturation SATGC
critical pressure PRSC m/L+
critical temperature TEMC T
critical water saturation SATWC
cross section (area) ARA L2
cross section, macroscopic XSTMAC l/L
cross section, microscopic XSTMIC l/J-
cross section of a nucleus, microscopic s XNL L2
cubic expansion coefficient, thermal b HEC l/T
cumulative condensate liquids produced gLP NGLP
cumulative free gas produced GASFP ;i
gF,,
cumulative gas influx (encroachment) & GASE
cumulative gas injected g, GASI
cumulative gas/oil ratio FKP?FKOP GORP
cumulative gas produced 4 GASP L3
cumulative moles of component j produced NW MOLPJ
cumulative oil influx (encroachment) HP OILE L3
cumulative oil produced 5
OILP L3
cumulative produced fluids (where NP FLUP
and W, are not applicable)
cumulative water influx (encroachment) We WTRE
cumulative water injected wi WTRI
cumulative water/oil ratio FACWOP mL/t2
cumulative water produced WP WTRP L3
cumulative wet gas produced g WI, GASWGP L3
curl
current, electric ; script i,i CUR dt
damage or stimulation radius of well (skin) 4 RADS L
damage ratio or condition ratio (conditions Fd DMRS
relative to formation conditions unaffected
by well operations)
datum, elevation referred to Oh ZED L
decay constant (l/~,j) C LAM l/t
decay time (mean life) (l/x) td TIM0 t
decay time, neutron (neutron mean life) TIMON t
/I
decline constant, hyperbolic, from the equation HPC
q =q,/ l+T
I I
decline factor, effective DECE
decline factor, nominal DEC
decrement OCR various
degrees of freedom DGF
Reserve
SPE Computer
de1 (gradient operator) V DEL

delay time TIMDY t
deliverability (gas well) ; DLV L3/t
density p rho D DEN m/L3
density, apparent PN DO DENA m/L3
density, bulk Ph & DENB m/L”
density, fluid PI Dl DENF m/L3
density, flushed zone PW DAYI DENXD m/L3
density (indicating “number per unit volume”) n N NMB l/L3
density, fuel PI- D, DENFU m/L3
density, gas Pa 4 DENG m/L3
density, matrix (solids, grain) PlllU D 1,10 DENMA Ill/L3
density (number) of neutrons nf - NMBN l/L3
density of produced liquid, weight-weighted pr DL DENAVL m/L3
average
density of solidparticles making up P\L D.,E DENSEX II-l/l--’
experimental pack
density, oil PO DC, DEN0 m/L3
density, relative (specific gravity) Y s, F, SPG
density, true PI 4 DENT m/L3
density, water p,, DM DENW m/L3
depletion DE EDE
deposition rate of fuel NR NF FUDR m/L3 t
depreciation DP EDP
depth D Y.H DPH L
depth, skin (logging) s SKD L
deviation factor (compressibility factor) Z > ZED
for gas (z=pV/nRT)
deviation factor (compressibility factor) ZEDPAV
for gas, at mean pressure
deviation, hole (drift angle) 6 ANGH
dewpoint pressure PC/ PRSD m/L+
diameter d DIA L
diameter, hole 4, DIAH L
diameter, invaded zone (electrically equivalent) 4 DIAI L
diameter, mean particle d,, DIAAVP L
dielectric constant E epsilon DIC q2t2/mL3
difference or difference operator, A DEL
finite (AX =x2-x1 orxI-x2)
diffusion coefficient D DFN L2/t
diffusivity, hydraulic (k/+cp or h/$x) DFS L2/t
dimensionless fluid influx function, r)L,D Qp,D scripl I ENCLTDQ
linear aquifer
dimensionless fluid influx function QID ENCTDD
at dimensionless time rD
dimensionless fractional storage capacity s, SD STOQ
dimensionless fracture conductivity C ID Kfl
CNDFO
dimensionless gas production rate 4x0 QKD RTEGD
dimensionless number, in general N NUMD
(Example: Reynolds number, NRe)
dimensionless oil-production rate 4,JD QoD RTEDD
dimensionless pore volume VPD %D voua
Reserve
SPE Computer
dimensionless pressure PD PD PRSD

dimensionless-pressure function PID P ID fw.Taa
at dimensionless time tD
dimensionless production rate QD RTEa
dimensionless quantity proportional to x
dimensionless radius RD RAD[I
dimensionless time TD TlMa
dimensionless time at condition m 7DM TlMMa
dimensionless water production rate Q M,D RTEWQ
dip, angle of ffd ANGD
dip, apparent angle of ffda ANGDA
dip, apparent azimuth of Pdo DAZA
dip, azimuth of Pd DAZ
discount factor, constant-income oscc
discount factor, general DSC
discount factor, single-payment DSCSP
[l/(1 +i)k; or ePJk, j = ln(1 +i)l
discount factor, single-payment D SPC DSCSPC
(constant annual rate)
[e-‘” (e’- 1j/j1
discount rate RTED
discounted cash flow CFLPV
dispersion coefficient d DSP L2jt
dispersion modulus (dispersion factor) DSM
displacement L DIS L
displacement efficiency from burned portion 7)Db ?eDb EFFDB
of in-situ combustion pattern
displacement efficiency from unburned portion EFFDU
of in-situ combustion pattern
displacement efficiency: volume of hydrocarbons 7)DTeD EFFD
small groups of pores divided by the volume of 1
hydrocarbons in the same pores
just before displacement
displacement ratio DPR
displacement ratio, oil from burned volume, DPRDB
displacement ratio, oil from unburned volume, DPRDU
rock
displacement ratio, water from burned volume, 6 wb Fdwb DPRWB
rock
distance between adjacent rows of injection and LdpL2 DUW L
production wells
distance between like wells (injection or LOJ 1 DLW L
production) in a row
distance, length, or length of path s,p script I LTH L
distance, radial (increment along radius) Ar AR DELRAD L
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
divergence V
drainage radius rci Rd RADD L
drawdown time (time after well is opened to At, ATwf DELTIMWF t
production) (pressure drawdown)
drift angle, hole (deviation) 6 ANGH
earning power or rate of return (internal, ‘I ADRI
true, or discounted cash flow)
effect, skin s S,o- SKN
effective decline factor d DECE
effective or apparent wellbore radius (includes Tm’a R wa RADWA L
effects of well damage or stimulation)
effective permeability to gas kK PRMG
effective permeability to oil PRMD
t:
ko
effective permeability to water kw PRMW L’
effective porosity 4, PORE
efficiency E EFF
efficiency, area1 (used in describing results of model EA EFFA
studies only): area swept in a model divided by
total model reservoir area (see EP)
efficiency, displacement, from burned portion of EDb 7)DbjeDb EFFDB
efficiency, displacement, from unburned portion of 41, “(1DuxDu EFFDU
efficiency, displacement: volume of hydrocarbons 41 ?)DPeD EFFD
small groups of pores divided by the volume of
hydrocarbon in the same pores just before
displacement
efficiency, invasion (vertical): hydrocarbon pore E, r)l,el EFFI
space invaded (affected, contacted) by the injection
fluid or heat front divided by the hydrocarbon pore
space enclosed in all layers behind the injected
fluid or heat front
efficiency, overall reservoir recovery: volume of ER “rlR zR EFFR
hydrocarbons in place at start of project
(ER=EIJE,E,l=Eb.ED)
efficiency, pattern sweep (developed from area1 EP 77tw EFFP
efficiency by proper weighting for variations in
saturation): hydrocarbon pore space enclosed
behind the injected-fluid or heat front divided
by total hydrocarbon pore space of the reservoir
or project
efficiency, volumetric, for burned portion only, Ebb rlVbTeVb EFFVB
efficiency, volumetric: product of pattern sweep EV t)vxb, EFFV
and invasion efficiencies
elasticity, modulus of (Young’s modulus) E Y ELMY In/L+
Reserve
SPE Computer
electric current I i script i,i CUR q/t

electric impedance Z, MPDE mL2/tq2
electrical conductivity (other than logging) a SIG various
electrical resistivity (other than logging) p rho RHO mL3/ tq2
electrical resistivity (electrical logging) R RES mL3/ tq2
electrical tortuosity TORE
electrically equivalent diameter of the invaded ;, DIAI L
zone
electrochemical coefficient COEC mL2/t2q
electrochemical component of the SP EMFC mL2/t2q
electrokinetic component of the SP EMFK mL2/t2q
electromotive force EMF mL2/t2q
elevation referred to datum ZEIJ L
encroachment or influx, gas, cumulative GASE
encroachment or influx, gas during an interval OELGASE ki
encroachment or influx, oil, cumulative OILE L3
encroachment or influx, oil, during an interval OELOILE L3
encroachment or influx rate ENC L3/t
encroachment or influx rate, gas ENCG L3/t
encroachment or influx rate, oil ENCO L3/t
encroachment or influx rate, water ENCW L3/t
encroachment or influx, water, cumulative WTRE L3
encroachment or influx, water, during an interval DELWTRE L3
energy ENG mL*/ t2
enthalpy (always with phase or system subscripts) HEN mL2/ t2
enthalpy (net) of steam or enthalpy above HENS mL2/t2
reservoir temperature
enthalpy, specific h HENS L2/ t2
entropy, specific HERS L2/tLT
entropy, total : HER mL2/t2T
equal to or larger than 2 GE
equal to or smaller than G LE
equilibrium ratio (y/x) K EDR
equivalent diameter (electrical) of the 4 DIAI L
invaded zone
equivalent time well was on production before II’ TIMP
shut-in (pseudotime)
equivalent water resistivity R,,,. RWE mL”/tq!
error function er.f ERF
error function, complementary erfc ERFC
Euler number E,,
Euler’s constant = 0.5772
expansion coefficient, thermal cubic ; HEC l/T
experimental pack porosity 41. POREX
exponent of backpressure curve, gas well I1 NGW
exponent, porosity (cementation) (in an m MXP
empirical relation between FK and $)
exponent, saturation n SXP
exponential function e’ exp z EXP
Reserve
SPE Computer
exponential integral -Ei (-x )

02 c-i
s
t df,x positive
\
Ei(x)
external boundary pressure PRSE m/Lt2

external boundary radius RADE L
extrapolated pressure PRSXT m/L?
factor, compressibility ZEO
(gas deviation factor z =a VInR T)
factor, discount D DSC
factor, effective decline d OECE
factor, nominal decline a DEC
factor, conversion, in Newton’s Second Law of ‘% GRVC
Motion
factor, formation resistivity, equals R o/R,, FK FACHR
(a numerical subscript to F indicates
the value of R,,)
factor, friction f FACF
factor, geometrical (multiplier) G .fG GMF
factor, geometrical (multiplier) Go,, fcm GMFAN
factor, geometrical (multiplier) G, fG, GMFI
invaded zone (electrical logging)
factor, geometrical (multiplier) GMFP
pseudo (electrical logging)
factor, geometrical (multiplier) GMFXO
factor, geometrical (multiplier) GMFM
factor, geometrical (multiplier) G, .fG, GMFT
true (noninvaded zone> (electrical logging)
factor in general, including ratios F A&- FAC various
factor, turbulence FB FACB
flow rate, mass m MRT m/t
flow rate, heat 49@ HRT mL*/ t3
flow rate or flux, per unit area JI VELV L/t
flow rate or production rate RTE L3/t
flow rate or production rate at mean pressure RTEPAV L3/t
flow rate or production rate, average RTEAV L3/t
flowing bottomhole pressure, injection well PRSIWF m/Lt2
flowing pressure, bottomhole PRSWF m/Lt2
flowing pressure, casing PRSCF m/Lt2
flowing pressure, tubing PRSTF m/Lt2
Reserve
SPE Computer
flowing time after well is opened At,, Arw, OELTIMWF t

to production (pressure drawdown)
fluid (generalized) F FLU various
fluid interval velocity “I VACF L/t
fluid head or height or elevation referred Z ZEL L
to a datum
fluid interval transit time t,/script
t TACF t/L
fluid density P,Trho DENF m/L3
fluid influx function, dimensionless, at Q ID ENCTtlO
fluid influx function, linear aquifer, dimensionless QL,D Qf,Dscript
I ENCLTOO
fluids, cumulative produced (where NP and QP Qp,Dscript
I FLUP
W, are not applicable)
flushed-zone density pxo rho DENXO m/L3
flushed-zone resistivity (that part of the R x0 RESXO mL3/tq2
invaded zone closest to the wall of the hole,
where flushing has been maximum
flushed-zone geometrical factor fGx0 GMFXO
(fraction or multiplier)
flux u FLX various
flux or flow rate, per unit area u VELV L/t
force, mechanical F Q FCE mL/t2
force, electromotive (voltage) E V EMF mL2/t2q
formation or reservoir porosity 4R fR. ER PORR
formation or rock compressibility Cf $9 KJ CMPF Lt2jm
formation resistivity factor-equals FR FACHR
RJR, (a numerical subscript
to F indicates the value I?,)
formation resistivity factor coefficient KR MR,a,C CDEA
(FR@”)
formation resistivity, true Rt REST mL3jtq2
formation resistivity when 100% saturated Ro RESZR mL3jtq2
with water of resistivity R,
formation temperature Tf Of TEMF T
formation volume factor at bubblepoint B@’ Fgb FVFGB
conditions, gas
formation volume factor at bubblepoint Bob Fob FVFOB
conditions, oil
formation volume factor, gas Bx FVFG
formation volume factor, oil BO FVFO
formation volume factor, total (two-phase) 4 FVFT
formation volume factor, B FVF
volume at reservoir conditions divided
by volume at standard conditions
formation volume factor, water FVFW
fraction (such as the fraction of a flow stream FRC
consisting of a particular phase)
fraction gas FRCG
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
fraction liquid .fL FL,~, script1 FRCL

fraction of bulk (total) volume fv FRCVB
fraction of intergranular space (“porosity”) f$th FIGSH
fraction of intergranular space Cporosity”) f& FIGW
occupied by water
fraction of intermatrix space (“porosity”) f &hd FIMSHO
fracture conductivity, dimensionless CJD CNOFO
fracture half-length (specify “in the LJ LTHFH L
direction or’ when using 5, )
fracture index 1, FRX
free energy (Gibbs function) G GFE mL2/ t2
free fluid index IFI FFX
free gas/oil ratio, producing (free-gas RI- GORF
volume/oil volume)
free gas produced, cumulative G GASFP
free-gas volume, initial reservoir (=mNB,,) G; GASFI
free producing gas/oil ratio (free-gas volume/ RF GORF
oil volume)
frequency FON l/t
friction factor : FACF
front or interface pressure pi PRSF m/L+
fuel concentration, unit (see symbol m) G CNCFU various
fuel consumption m FCM various
fuel consumption in experimental tube run mE FCMEX m/L3
fuel consumption in experimental tube run (mass “4 FCMEXG m
of fuel per mole of produced gas)
fuel consumption in reservoir mR FCMR m/L3
fuel density PF rho OENFU m/L3
fuel deposition rate NR FUOR m/L3 t
fugacity f FUG m/L+
gamma ray count rate NGR NGR l/t
gamma ray [usually with identifying subscript(s) 1 GRY various
gas(any gas, including air) always with E GAS various
identifying subscripts
gas-cap interstitial-oil saturation S SATOG
gas-cap interstitial-water saturation SZ SATWG
gas compressibility 52 CMPG Lt*/m
gas compressibility factor z ZEO
(deviation factor) (Z=pV/nR r)
gas constant, universal (per mole) R RRR mL*/t*T
gas density P,~rho DENG m/L3
gas deviation factor (compressibility factor) zp ZEOPAV
at mean pressure
gas deviation factor (compressibility factor, Z ZEO
z =p V/nRT) (deviation factor)
gas, effective permeability to h PRMG L2
gas formation volume factor 4 FVFG
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
gas formation volume factor at bubblepoint FVFGB

conditions
gas fraction FRCG
gas in place in reservoir, total initial GASTI
gas influx (encroachment), cumulative GASE
gas influx (encroachment) during an interval DELGASE
gas influx (encroachment) rate ENCG
gas injected, cumulative GASI
gas injected during an interval OELGASI
gas injection rate INJG L3/t
gas liquids, natural, or condensate content CNTL various
gas mobility MOBG L3t/m
gas, fraction FRCG
gas mole fraction V/(L + V) MFRTV
gas/oil permeability ratio PRMGO
gas/oil ratio, cumulative GORP
gas/oil ratio, free producing (free-gas volume/ GORF
oil volume)
gas/oil ratio, producing GOR
gas/oil ratio, solution at bubblepoint conditions GORSB
gas/oil ratio, solution (gas solubility in oil) GORS
gas/oil ratio, solution, initial GORSI
gas produced, cumulative GASP
gas produced during an interval OELGASP ;;
gas produced from experimental tube run GASPEX
gas production rate RTEG L3/t
gas production rate, dimensionless RTEGO
gas reciprocal formation volume factor RVFG
gas reciprocal formation volume factor at RVFGB
gas recovery, ultimate GASPUL L3
gas, relative permeability to PRMRG
gas saturation SATG
gas saturation, critical SATGC
gas saturation, residual SATGR
gas solubility in oil (solution gas/oil ratio) GORS
gas solubility in water GWRS
gas specific gravity SPGG
gas viscosity VISG m/Lt
gas viscosity at 1 atm VISGA m/Lt
gas-well backpressure curve, coefficient of CGW L3-2nt4n/m2n
gas-well backpressure curve, exponent of NGW

gas-well deliverability OLV L3/t
gas, wet, produced, cumulative &P GASWGP L3
general and individual bed thickness d,e THK L
general dimensionless number (always with NUMB
geometrical factor (multiplier) fG GMF
Reserve
SPE Computer
geometrical factor (multiplier), G Clli fcan GMFAN

geometrical factor (multiplier), G,, fGx0 GMFXO
geometrical factor (multiplier), G fc, GMFI
invaded zoned (electrical logging)
geometrical factor (multiplier), Gt?, fcm GMFM
geometrical factor, (multiplier), true G, fc, GMFT
geometrical factor (multiplier), pseudo GP GMFP
geometrical factor (multiplier), true G, fc, GMFT
gradient Y GRD various
gradient, geothermal 4 GRDGT T/L
gradient operator
gradient, temperature gh GRDT T/L
grain (matrix, solids) density D ma OENMA dL3
gravity, acceleration of GRV L/t2
gravity, specific, relative density SPG
gravity, specific, gas SPGG
gravity, specific, oil SPGO
gravity, specific, water SPGW
gross (total) pay thickness THKT L
gross revenue (“value”) per unit produced GRRU M/L3
gross revenue (“value”), total GRRT M
half-life TIMH t
heat flow rate 4, @ HRT mL2/ t3
heat of vaporization, latent A” HLTV L2/ t2
heat or thermal diffusivity ap 77h HTD L2/t
heat, specific (always with phase or system HSP L2/t2T
subscripts)
heat transfer coefficient, convective h hh,hT HTCC m/t3T
heat transfer coefficient, overall u UT, II, HTCU m/t3T
heat transfer coefficient, radiation I ITJO HTCI m/t3T
height, or fluid head, or elevation z D.h ZEL L
referred to a datum
height (other than elevation) h d,e ZHT L
Helmholtz function (work function) A HWF mL*/ t2
holdup (fraction of the pipe volume filled by Y /” HOL
a given fluid; yO is oil holdup, yw is water
holdup, C of all holdups at a given level
is one)
hole deviation, drift angle ANGH
hole diameter dHd?i, DIAH L
hydraulic diffusivity (k /C$Cp or A/+) DFS L21t
hydraulic radius RH RAOHL L
hydraulic tortuosity TORHL
Reserve
SPE Computer
hydrocarbon-filled porosity, fraction fht ch PORH

or percent of rock bulk volume occupied by
hydrocarbons
hydrocarbon resistivity index R,/R o IR iR RSXH
hydrocarbon saturation, residual s hr phrpShr SATHR
HYX
,.
hydrogen index IH iH
hyperbolic decline&constant (from equation) h HPC
I I
q=qt/ 1,:
imaginary part of complex number z 9 (2)script

I
impedance Z MPO various
impedance, acoustic ZO MPOA m/L2t
impedance, electric ze z, r) MPOE mL2/ tq2
index (use subscripts as needed) Z i -x
index, fracture If b?IFpiF FRX
index, free fluid kf iFf FFX
index, hydrogen IH iH HYX
index, injectivity I i IJX L4t/m
index of refraction P RFX
index, porosity ;, i, PRX
index, primary porosity h Cpl PRXPR
index, productivity J j POX L4t/m
index, (hydrocarbon) resistivity IR jR RXSH
RtIR,
index, secondary porosity 92 ilp2 PRXSE
index, shaliness gamma ray shGR bhGR SHXGR
(Ylog - Ycn)/(Ystl- Yen)
index, specific injectivity 4 4 IJXS L3t/m
index, specific productivity JS JS POXS L3t/m
individual bed thickness h d.e THK L
influx (encroachment), cumulative, gas G ge GASE L3
influx (encroachment), cumulative, oil 4 4 OllE L3
influx (encroachment), cumulative, water K We WTRE L3
influx (encroachment) during an interval, gas AGe ke OELGASE
influx (encroachment) during and interval, oil OELOILE ::
AN, An,
influx (encroachment) during an interval, water Aw, A% DELWTRE L3
influx function, fluid, linear aquifer, Q LtD Qpr~script
1 ENCLTDD
dimensionless
influx function, fluid, dimensionless Q tLJ QetDscript
1 ENCTQO
(at dimensionless time to>
influx (encroachment) rate e i ENC L3/t
influx (encroachment) rate, gas eg ‘s ENCG L3/t
influx (encroachment) rate, oil e, ‘0 ENCO L3/t
influx (encroachment) rate, water e, L ENCW L3/t
initial condensate liquids in place in reservoir GL gL NGLTI L3
initial capital investment ci INVI M
initial oil in place in reservoir N OILTI L3
initial pressure Pi PRSI n-l/L+
Reserve
SPE Computer
initial reservoir free-gas volume GF, gF, GASFI L3
initial solution gas/oil ratio RX, Fm GDRSI L/t2

initial water in place in reservoir W W WTRTI L3
initial water saturation s pwr ) %, SATWI
injected gas, cumulative G; gi GASI
injected gas during an interval AG, DELGASI ;:
&
injected water, cumulative wi wi WTRI L3
injected water during an interval A Wi AWi DELWTRI L3
injection rate i INJ L3/t
injection rate, air *a INJA L3/t
injection rate, gas ‘s INJG L3/t
injection rate, water ‘w INJW L3/t
injection well bottomhole pressure, flowing P,wf Pw PRSIWF m/L+
injection well bottomhole pressure, static PM pi, PRSIWS m/Lt2
injectivity index I i IJX L4t/m
injectivity index, specific 4 s IJXS L3t/m
in-place condensate liquids in reservoir, initial GL gL NGLTI
in-place gas in reservoir, total initial G g GASTI $
in-place oil in reservoir, initial N n OILTI L3
in-place water in reservoir, initial W W WTRTI L3
instantaneous producing water/oil ratio Fwo FACWD
intercept b Y ICP various
interest rate, effective compound (usually annual) IRCE
interest rate, effective, per period iM IRPE
interest rate, nominal annual .i IRA
interface or front pressure Pf PRSF m/L+
interfacial, surface tension SFT m/t2
intergranular “porosity” (space) PDRIG
integral, exponential -Ei (-x)

- ,-I
s
t dt,x positive
x
integral, exponential, modified EioC)
r20 Il$dt +J$dtl, x positive
intergranular space (porosity), fraction f@h FIGSH

intergranular space (porosity), fraction few FIGW
occupied by water
intermatrix space (porosity), fraction f qbhd FIMSHD
intermatrix “norositv” fsnace) +im PORIM
Reserve
SPE Computer
internal energy INE mL2/ t2

interstitial-oil saturation in gas cap SATOG
interstitial-water saturation in gas cap SATWG
interstitial-water saturation in oil band SATWO
interval transit time TAC t/L
interval transit time, apparent TACA t/L
interval transit time/density slope (absolute SAD tL*/m
value)
interval transit time, fluid ifscriptt TACF t/L
interval transit time, matrix tma script
t TACMA t/L
interval transit time, shale t,hscript
t TACSH t/L
invaded-zone diameter, electrically equivalent 4 OIAI L
invaded-zone geometrical factor (multiplier) Gi GMFI
invaded-zone resistivity Ri RESI mL3/tq2
invasion (vertical) efficiency: hydrocarbon pore 4 EFFI
space invaded (affected, contacted) by the
injected-fluid or heat front divided by the
hydrocarbon pore space enclosed in all layers
behind the injected-fluid or heat front
irreducible (or interstitial or connate) S/W SATIW
water saturation
kinematic viscosity v nu VSK L*/t
kinetic energy Ek ENGK mL2/t2
Laplace transform of y, JJJ (t)P’df Z?,(v)
script
L
Laplace transform variabli s

Laplacian operator V2
larger than GT
latent heat of vaporization 2 h” HLTV L2/ t*
length, path length, or distance LV s,P script
1 LTH L
lifetime, average (mean life) i t TIMAV t
limit lim LM
linear aquifer waterdrive constant CL WOCL L4t2/m
liquid fraction .fL F,,ffscript I FRCL
liquid mole fraction L/(L + V) fL FL,fu script I MFRTL
liquid phase, mole fraction of component in X MFRL
liquid phase, moles of L nL MOLL
liquid saturation, combined total SL PL ,SL SATL
liquids, condensate, in place in reservoir, initial GL SL NGLTI
liquids, condensate, produced cumulative G SLP NGLP L3
logarithm, base a loL;
logarithm, common, base 10 1%
logarithm, natural, base e In
macroscopic cross section z S XSTMAC l/L
Reserve
SPE Computer
macroscopic cross section of a nucleus o- s XNL L2

magnetic permeability m PRMM n-L/q*
magnetic susceptibility : SUSM mL/q*
magnetization M ; MAG dst
magnetization, fraction Mf MAGF
mass m MAS
mass flow rate W m MRT
matrix interval transit time t ma script
t A&m TACMA
matrix (solids, grain) density pm0 rho D ma DENMA
matrix (framework) volume (volume Vma Vma VOLMA
of all formation solids except
dispersed clay or shale)
mean life (average lifetime) 7 i TIMAV t
mean life (decay time) (l/r) Td td TIMD t
mean or average pressure P P PRSAV m/Lt2
mean or average (overbar) - AV
mean value of a random variable MEN
mean particle diameter 2 4 DIAAVP L
mean value of a random variable, x, estimated x MENES
mechanical force F Q FCE mL/t*
methane concentration (concentration of % +I
CNCCl various
indicated similarly, Cc, , Cc, , etc.)
microscopic cross section XSTMIC L2
mixture, mole fraction of component MFRM
mobility (k/k) MOB L’t/m
mobility, gas MOBG L3t/m
mobility, oil MOB0 L’t/m
mobility ratio, general (Adisplacing/hdisplaced) F A MBR
mobility ratio, diffuse-front approximation Mm, 4, MBRSAV
[(AD +hd)swept/(hd)unswept];
D signifies displacing; d signifies displaced;
mobilities are evaluated at average saturation
conditions behind and ahead of front
mobility ratio, sharp-front approximation F, MBR
(b/Ad)
mobility ratio, total, [(A,)swept/(AI)unsweptl; FM MBRT
“swept” and “unswept” refer to invaded
and uninvaded regions behind and ahead
of leading edge of displacement front
mobility, total, of all fluids in a particular region A MOBT L3t/m
of the reservoir; e.g., (A, + A, + A,)
mobility, water MOBW L3t/m
modulus, bulk BKM m/L+
modulus, dispersion (dispersion factor) DSM
modulus, shear ES ELMS m/L+
modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) Y ELMY m/L+
molal volume (volume per mole) VIII VOLM L3
Reserve
SPE Computer
- -
mole fraction gas, V/(L+ v) 4 MFRTV

mole fraction liquid, LI(Z,+ v) FL, fp script I MFRTL
mole fraction of a component in liquid phase X MFRL
mole fraction of a component in mixture z MFRM
mole fraction of a component in vapor phase Y MFRV
molecular refraction R N MRF L3
molecular weight M MWT m
molecular weight of produced liquids, ML MWTAVL m
mole-weighted average
moles, number of n N NMBM
moles of component j nJ Ni MOLJ
moles of component j produced, cumulative % NpJ MOLPJ
moles of liquid phase L nL MOLL
moles of vapor phase V MOLV
moles, number of, total nt zt NMBMT
mole-weighted average molecular weight ML, MWTAVL m
of produced liquids
mudcake resistivity R mc pmc Trmc RESMC mL3/ tq2
mudcake thickness hmc dmc ‘ernc THKMC L
mud-filtrate resistivity R mf PmfJmf RESMF mL3/tq2
mud geometrical factor (multiplier) Gttl fGm GMFM
mud resistivity R, pmjrm RESM mL3/ tq*
multiplier (factor), geometrical G fG GMF
multiplier (factor), geometrical, G0” fGLVI GMFAN
multiplier (factor), geometrical, Gx0 fGm GMFXO
multiplier (factor), geometrical, Gi fGi GMFI
invaded zone (electrical logging)
multiplier (factor), geometrical, fGm GMFM
multiplier (factor), geometrical, GP fGp GMFP
pseudo (electrical logging)
multiplier (factor), geometrical, Gt fGt GMFT
true (electrical logging)
multiplier or coefficient K M COE various
natural gas liquids or condensate content CL cL,nL CNTL various
natural logarithm, base e In
net pay thickness hn 4& THKN L
neutron count rate NN NEUN l/t
neutrons, density (number) of nN NMBN
neutron lifetime tN TN>h NFL l/t
neutron porosity/density slope (absolute value) N mdND SND L3/m
neutron [usually with identifying subscript(s)] N NEU various
Newton’s Second Law of Motion, conversion gc GRVC
factor in
nominal decline factor a DEC
Reserve
SPE Computer
nucleus cross section, microscopic XNL L*

number, atomic z” ANM
number, dimensionless, in general (always N NUMO
with identifying subscripts)
number of pump strokes, cycles per unit of N NMBPS
time
number (of variables, or components, or steps, n NMB
or increments, etc.)
number (quantity) NMB
number of compounding periods (usually per year) L NMBCP
number of components C NMBC
number of moles, total NMBM
number, Reynolds (dimensionless number) ke REYO
oil (always with identifying subscripts) N OIL various
oil band interstitial-water saturation sWV SATWO
oil compressibility ccl CMPD Lt*/ m
oil density p. rho DEN0 m/L3
oil displaced from burned volume, volume per 6ob DPROB
unit volume of burned reservoir rock
oil displaced from unburned volume, volume per OPROU
unit volume of unburned reservoir rock
oil, effective permeability to PRMD L*
oil formation volume factor FVFO
oil formation volume factor at bubblepoint FVFOB
conditions
oil, gas solubility in GORS
(solution gas/oil ratio)
oil in place in reservoir, initial OILTI
oil influx (encroachment) cumulative OILE
oil influx (encroachment) during an interval DELOILE
oil influx (encroachment) rate ENCO L3/t
oil mobility MOBD L3t/m
oil produced, cumulative OILP
oil produced during an interval DELOILP $
oil production rate RTEO L3/t
oil production rate, dimensionless RTEOQ
oil reciprocal formation volume factor RVFO
(shrinkage factor)
oil recovery, ultimate NPQ DILPUL L3
oil, relative permeability to k PRMRO
oil saturation s: SAT0
oil saturation in gas cap, interstitial Sw SATOG
oil saturation, residual SO, SATOR
oil specific gravity Yo SPGO
oil viscosity ko VISD mm
operating cash income I INC M
operating cash income, after taxes 4 INCA M
operating cash income, before taxes I INCB M
operating expense 0 XPO various
operating expense per unit produced 0” XPOU M/L3
operator, Laplacian V2
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
overall heat transfer coefficient uT~ u, HTCU m/t3T

overall reservoir recovery efficiency: volume ?RleR EFFR
of hydrocarbons recovered divided by volume
of hydrocarbons in place at start of project
(ER = EpEsEo = E,E,)
oxygen concentration (concentration of other % CNCOZ various
elements or compounds would be indicated as
CCO, , cN2, etc.)
oxygen utilization E UTLOL
02
particle diameter, mean 4 OIAAVP L
path length, length, or distance s,! script 1 LTH L
pattern sweep efficiency (developed from area1 rlP JP EFFP
efficiency by proper weighting for varations in
saturation: hydrocarbon pore space enclosed
divided by total hydrocarbon pore space
of the reservoir or project
pay thickness, gross (total) THKT L
pay thickness, net THKN L
period PER t
permeability, absolute (fluid flow) PAM
permeability, effective, to gas PRMG ;:
permeability, effective, to oil PRMO
permeability, effective, to water PRMW 1:
permeability, magnetic PRMM ml-/q2
permeability ratio, gas/oil PRMGO
permeability ratio, water/oil PRMWO
permeability, relative, to gas PRMRG
permeability, relative, to oil PRMRO
permeability, relative, to water PRMRW
phases, number of NMBP
Poisson’s ratio vt cl- PSN
pore volume Vb- V, VP VOLP L3
pore volume, dimensionless ‘PD VOLPtl
pore volumes of injected fluid, cumulative 4i FLUID
porosity ( Vb- V, )/ Vb f> E POR
porosity, apparent PORA
porosity, effective <V,/ Vb) PORE
porosity exponent (cementation) MXP
(in an empirical relation between FR and 4)
porosity, hydrocarbon-filled, fraction or percent fht Eh PORH
of rock bulk volume occupied by hydrocarbons
porosity index PRX
porosity index, primary PRXPR
porosity index, secondary PRXSE
porosity, noneffective (VP,,/ V, ) PORNE
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
“porosity” (space), intergranular (Vb - VgrI/ Vb1 PORIG
“porosity” (space), intermatrix (Vb - V,, / Vb) PORIM
porosity of experimental pack 4E POREX
porosity of reservoir or formation 4R PORR
porosity, total 4r PORT
potential or potential function a POT various
potential difference (electric) V VLT mL*/qt*
potential energy Ep ENGP mL*/t*
pressure, bottomhole Pbh Pbh PRSBH m/L+
pressure P P PRS m/L+
pressure, atmospheric Pa P_a PRSA n-l/L+
pressure, average or mean F P- PRSAV m/L+
pressure, average, reservoir FR pR PRSAVR m/L+
pressure, bottomhole, at any time after shut-in PW P ws PRSWS m/Lt2
pressure, bottomhole flowing PWf P wf PRSWF m/Lt2
pressure, bottomhole flowing, injection well PiwJ Prwf PRSIWF m/L9
pressure, bottomhole general PW p&V PRSW n-l/L+
pressure, bottomhole static PWS P ws PRSWS m/Lt2
pressure, bottomhole (well), in water phase PWW P PRSWW m/L+
pressure, bottomhole static, injection well PiWS p”” PRSIWS m/L+
pressure, bubblepoint (saturation) pb &,ps,pb PRSB m/L+
pressure, capillary P, PCJPC PRSCP m/L?
pressure, casing flowing J+,t PCJ PRSCF m/L+
pressure, casing static P‘S PCS PRSCS m/Lt2
pressure, critical PC PC PRSC m/L+
pressure, dewpoint Pd pd PRSD m/Lt2
pressure, dimensionless PD pD PRSD
pressure, external boundary PP p, PRSE n-l/L+
pressure, extrapolated PtW PfX, PRSXT m/L+
pressure, flowing bottomhole PYf P, PRSWF m/L?
pressure, flowing casing PC/ P; PRSCF m/Lt2
pressure, flowing tubing P!f prJ PRSTF m/Lt*
pressure, front or interface PJ 5 PRSF m/Lt2
pressure function, dimensionless, at P/D PtD PRSTQD
pressure, initial Pi p, PRSI m/Lt2
pressure, pseudocritical Ppc PPC PRSPC m/L?
pressure, pseudoreduced PPl PPr PRSPRD m/Lt2
pressure, reduced P, P-’ PRSRD
pressure, reservoir average F-R pR PRSAVR n-t/L+
pressure, separator PSP PSP PRSSP m/L+
pressure, standard conditions PS‘ PSC PRSSC m/L+
pressure, static bottomhole PWS P w.s PRSWS m/L?
pressure, static casing PCS PCS PRSCS m/L+
pressure, static tubing PlS p, PRSTS m/L?
pressure, tubing flowing P!f Pff PRSTF m/L+
pressure, tubing static PIT p,s PRSTS m/Lt2
primary porosity index I $1 i,l PRXPR
produced condensate liquids, cumulative GLP gLP NGLP L3
Reserve
SPE Computer
produced fluids, cumulative (where NP QP FLIJP

and Wp are not applicable)
produced free gas, cumulative GFP GASFP
produced gas, cumulative GP GASP
produced gas during an interval AGP OELGASP
produced gas from experimental tube run GPE GASPEX
produced gas, wet, cumulative G %P GASWGP
produced-liquid density, weight-weighted FL rho DENAVL
average
produced moles of component j, cumulative MOLPJ
produced oil, cumulative OILP
produced oil during an interval DELOILP
produced water, cumulative WTRP
produced water during an interval OELWTRP
produced wet gas, cumulative GASWGP
producing gas/oil ratio GOR
producing gas/oil ratio, free GORF
(free-gas volume/oil volume)
producing water/oil ratio, instantaneous FACWO
production rate at beginning of period RTEI L3/t
production rate at economic abandonment RTEA L3/t
production rate, dimensionless RTED
production rate, gas RTEG L3/t
production rate, gas, dimensionless RTEGG
production rate, oil RTEO L3ft
production rate, oil, dimensionless RTEOQ
production rate or flow rate RTE L3/t
production rate or flow rate at mean pressure RTEPAV L3/t
production rate or flow rate, average RTEAV L3/t
production rate, water RTEW L3/t
production rate, water, dimensionless RTEWG
production time after well is opened to DELTIMWF t
production (pressure drawdown)
production time of well, equivalent, before TIMP t
shut-in (pseudotime)
productivity index POX L4t/m
profit, annual net, over year k PRAK M
profit, annual, over year k, fraction of PRAPK
unamortized investment
profit, total PRFT M
proportional to
productivity index, specific POXS L3t/m
pseudocritical temperature TEMPC T
pseudocritical pressure PRSPC m/Lt2
pseudogeometrical factor (multiplier) GMFP
pseudoreduced compressibility CMPPRD
pseudoreduced pressure PRSPRD
pseudo-SP EMFP mL*/qt*
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
pseudoreduced temperature TPr TEMPRD T
pseudotime (equivalent time well was on tp
TlMP t
production before shut-in)
pump strokes, number of cycles per unit of N n NMBPS
time
quality (usually of steam) fs QJ OLTS
radial distance (increment along radius) Ar AR OELRAD
radiation heat transfer coefficient I zT,z~ HCTI klh3T
radius r R RAD L
radius, apparent or effective, of wellbore ‘-WI R wll RADWA L
radius, dimensionless rD RD RADa
radius, external boundary re R, RAOE L
radius, hydraulic rH RH RAOHL L
radius of drainage rd Rd RAOD L
radius of wellbore, apparent or effective rwa R wa RADWA L
radius of well damage or stimulation (skin) rs RS RAOS L
radius, well rw RW RADW L
rate, air injection ‘a 1NJA L3/t
rate: discount, effective profit, of return, i 4 RTE
reinvestment, etc; use symbol iwith
suitable subscripts
rate, flow or production Q RTE L3/t
rate, gamma ray count N&G NGR l/t
rate, gas influx (encroachment) ‘8 ENCG L3/t
rate, gas injection INJG L3/t
rate, gas production RTEG L3/t
rate, gas production, dimensionless 8D RTEGa
rate, influx (encroachment) i ENC L3/t
random variable, mean value of x, estimated MENES
rate, injection INJ L3/t
rate, interest, effective compound IRCE
(usually annual)
rate, interest, effective, per period iM IRPE
rate, interest, nominal annual j r IRA
rate, mass flow W m MRT m/t
rate of flow or flux, per unit area u dJ VELV Lit
rate of heat flow Q HRT mL2/i3
rate of return (internal, true, or discounted 1, RORl
cash flow) or earning power
rate, oil influx (encroachment) ENCO L3/t
rate, oil production RTEO L3/t
rate per unit area, flow (volumetric velocity) VELV Lit
rate, oil production, dimensionless RTEOa
rate, production or flow RTE L3/t
rate, production, at mean pressure RTEPAV L3/t
rate, production, average RTEAV L3/t
rate, production, dimensionless RTEa
rate, segregation (in gravity drainage) RTES L3/t
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
rate, shear SRT 1/t

rate (velocity) of burning-zone advance VELB L/t
rate, water influx (encroachment) ENCW L3/t
rate, water injection INJW L3/t
rate, water production RTEW L3/t
rate, water production, dimensionless RTEWII
ratio, air/fuel FACAFU various
ratio, damage (“skin” conditions relative to DMRS
formation conditions unaffected by well
operations)
ratio, displacement DPR
ratio, displacement, oil from burned volume, DPROB
rock
ratio, displacement, oil from unburned volume, DPROU
rock
ratio, displacement, water from burned volume, OPRWB
ratio, equilibrium (v/x) K EllR
ratio, free producing gas/oil (free-gas RF GORF
volume/oil volume)
ratio, gas/oil, cumulative RI, GORP
ratio, gas/oil, initial solution Rsi GORSI
ratio, gas/oil permeability kg /ko PRMGO
ratio, gas/oil producing R GOR
ratio, gas/oil, solution, at bubblepoint conditions R.sb GORSB
ratio, gas/oil, solution (gas solubility in oil) RS GORS
ratio, mobility, general (Adisplaclng/Adisplaced) M MBR
ratio, mobility,diffuse-front approximation MS MBRSAV
[(AD + hd)swepJ(Ad)unsweptl;
D signifies displacing; d signifies displaced;
mobilities are evaluated at average saturation
conditions behind and ahead of front
ratio, mobility, sharp-front approximation M MBR
(AD/&~)
ratio, mobility, total [(A,jSWePt/ (A,)unsweptl; MBRT

“swept” and “unswept” refer
to invaded and uninvaded regions behind and
ahead of leading edge of a displacement front
ratio of initial reservoir free-gas volume m F~orF.o MGO
to initial reservoir oil volume
ratio or factor in general (always with F A,R,r FAC various
ratio, permeability, gas/oil PRMGO
ratio, producing gas/oil GOR
ratio, permeability, water/oil PRMWO
ratio, solution gas/oil, at bubblepoint conditions GORSB
ratio, solution gas/oil (gas solubility in oil) GORS
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
ratio, solution gas/oil, initial RN Fgsi
ratio, water/fuel F U’F FACWFU
ratio, water/oil, cumulative F WQP FACWOP
ratio, water/oil permeability kc lk, Kw 14, PRMWO
ratio, water/oil, producing, instantaneous F FACWO
reactance x”” XEL ML2/tq2
reaction rate R RRR m/L2
reaction rate constant k r,j RRC L/t
real part of complex number z X(z) script R
reciprocal formation volume factor, volume at b .fJ RVF
standard conditions divided by volume at
reservoir conditions (shrinkage factor)
reciprocal gas formation volume factor 4 RVFG
reciprocal gas formation volume factor at bc@ RVFGB
reciprocal permeability j l/L2
reciprocal oil formation volume factor bo RVFO
(shrinkage factor)
recovery efficiency, reservoir overall; volume of ER 7)R peR EFFR
hydrocarbons in place at start of project.
(ER =EpE/ED = E,ED)
recovery, ultimate gas GPa gPa GASPUL
reduced pressure P, p, PRSRO
reduced temperature 7, Qr TEMRO
reduction ratio or reduction term a! RED
reduction, SP (general) due to shaliness REDSP
refraction, molecular N MRF
refraction index CL RFX
reduction ratio, SP, due to shaliness REOSH
relative amplitude AMPR
relative atomic mass (atomic weight) AWT
relative bearing Y BRGR
relative density (specific gravity) SF, SPG
relative molecular mass (molecular weight) MWT
relative permeability to gas PRMRG
relative permeability to oil PRMRO
relative permeability to water PRMRW
relaxation time, free-precession decay TIMAV
t
relaxation time, proton thermal TIMRP t
requirement, air AIR
requirement, unit air, in laboratory experimental AIREX L3/m
run, volumes or air per unit mass of pack
requirement, unit air, in reservoir, volumes aR AIRR
of air per unit bulk volume of reservoir rock
reservoir initial free-gas volume GF, gFi GASFI
L3
(=mNBoi )
reservoir or formation porosity 4JR ~RJ ER PORR
-
reservoir pressure, average FR pR PRSAVR m/L9
reservoir recovery efficiency, overall; ER 77RpeR EFFR
volume of hydrocarbons recovered divided
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
by volume of hydrocarbons in place at
start of project (& = Ep E, ED = E, ED )
reservoir rock burned, volume of VOLRB
reservoir rock unburned, volume of
VRb
vRu VOLRU
$
reservoir temperature TR TEMR T
residual gas saturation su SATGR
residual hydrocarbon saturation s hr SATHR
residual oil saturation S0, SATOR
residual water saturation S UT SATWR
resistance RST ML2/tq2
resistivity, electrical (logging) i? RES mL3/ tq*
resistivity, electrical (other than logging) P RHO mL3/tq2
resistivity, annulus R an RESAN mL3/tq2
resistivity, apparent RO RESA mL3/ tq*
resistivity, apparent, of the conductive RZ RESZ mL3/tq2
fluids in an invaded zone
(due to fingering)
resistivity factor coefficient, formation KR COER mL3/tq2
(FR4”)
resistivity factor, formation, equals FR FACHR
I? o/R,+ a numerical
subscript to F indicates the R,
resistivity flushed zone (that part of the R x0 RESXO mL3/ tq2
invaded zone closest to the wall of the
borehole, where flushing has been the
maximum)
resistivity, formation 100% saturated with Ro RESZR mL3/tq2
water of resistivity R,
resistivity, formation, true R, REST mL3/tq2
resistivity index (hydrocarbon) equals R,/R, 1, RSXH
resistivity, invaded zone R, RESI mL3/tq2
resistivity, mud R, RESM mL3/tq2
resistivity, mudcake R mc RESMC mL3/tq2
resistivity, mud-filtrate R ml RESMF mL3/ tq*
resistivity, shale R,h RESSH mL3/ tq2
resistivity, surrounding formation 4 RESS mL3/ tq2
resistivity, water RW RESW mL3/tq2
revenue, gross (“value”), per unit produced vu GRRU M/L3
revenue, gross (“value”), total V GRRT M
Reynolds number (dimensionless number) NRe REYO
rock or formation compressibility c/ CMPF Lt2/m
salinity c CNC various
saturation S SAT
saturation exponent SXP
saturation, gas SATG
saturation, gas, critical SATGC
saturation, gas, residual SATGR
saturation, interstitial-oil, in gas cap SATOG
saturation, interstitial-water, in gas cap SATWG
saturation, hydrocarbon SATH
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
saturation, residual hydrocarbon Shr SATHR

saturation, oil SO SAT0
saturation, oil, residual S SATOR
saturation or bubblepoint pressure Pi PRSB m/L+
saturation, total (combined) liquid SL SATL
saturation, water SM. SATW
saturation, water, critical S, SATWC
saturation, water, initial $7 SATWI
saturation, water (irreducible, interstitial, s,, SATIW
or connate)
saturation, water, residual S wr SATWR
secondary porosity index I 62 PRXSE
segregation rate (in gravity drainage) 4s RTES L3/t
separator pressure P PRSSP m/Lt2
shale interval transit time iz script t TACSH t/L
shale resistivity Rsh RESSH mL3/tq2
shaliness gamma ray index IshGR SHXGR
hog - ro)l (Ysh- ro)
shear modulus G ELMS m/Lt2
shear rate SRT l/t
shear wave amplitude 3;s AMPS various
shrinkage factor (reciprocal oil formation bo RVFO
volume factor)
shut-in bottomhole pressure, at any time PW PRSWS m/L+
shut-in time (time after well is shut in) At,, OELTIMWS t
(pressure buildup)
single-payment discount factor DSP OSCSP
single-payment discount factor DSPC OSCSPC
(constant annual rate)
skin depth (logging) SK0 L
skin effect SKN various
skin radius (radius of well damage or stimulation) RAOS L
slope SLP various
slope, interval transit time vs. density SAD tL2/m
(absolute value)
slope, neutron porosity vs. density N SND L3/m
(absolute value)
smaller than < LT
solid particles density of experimental rock POE rho OENSEX m/L3
solid(s) volume (volume of all formation solids) K VOLS L3
solids (matrix, grain) density pm0 r h0 OENMA m/L3
solubility, gas in oil (solution gas/oil ratio) & GORS
solubility, gas in water R SW GWRS
solution gas/oil ratio at bubblepoint conditions Rsb GORSE
solution gas/oil ratio (gas solubility in oil) R* GORS
solution gas/oil ratio, initial 4, GORSI
SP, electrochemical component of EC EMFC mL2/t2q
SP, electrokinetic component of 6 EMFK mL2/t2q
SP (measured SP) (Self Potential) ESP EMFSP mL2/t2q
SP, pseudo EPSP EMFPSP mL2/t2q
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SPE Computer
SP, static (SSP) ESSP EMFSSP mL2/ t*q

spacing (electrical logging) LS LENS L
specific entropy 3 HERS L2/t2T
specific gravity (relative density) Y SPG
specific gravity, gas Y8 SPGG
specific gravity, oil Yo SPGO
specific gravity, water Yw SPGW
specific heat capacity (always with phase or c HSP L2/t2T
system subscripts)
specific heat capacity ratio HSPR
specific injectivity index I IJXS L3t/m
specific productivity index J, PDXS L3t/m
specific volume V SPV L3/m
specific weight F WV WGTS mL2/t2
SSP (static SP) ESSP EMFSSP mL2/t2q
stabilization time of a well ts TIMS t
standard deviation of a random variable CT SDV
standard deviation of a random variable, estimated s suvEs
static bottomhole pressure, injection well Piw PRSIWS m/L?
static pressure, bottomhole, PWS PRSWS m/L?
at any time after shut-in
static pressure, casing PCS PRSCS m/L+
static pressure, tubing PfS PRSTS rn/Lt2
stimulation or damage radius of well (skin) rs RADS L
storage or storage capacity s ST0 various
strain, normal and general E epsilon STN
strain, shear Y STNS
strain, volume 8 STNU
stream function * STR various
stress, normal and general o- STS m/L+
stress, shear 7 STSS m/L+
summation (operator) z SUM
superficial phase velocity (flux rate of a IA VELV L/t
particular fluid phase flowing in pipe;
use appropriate phase subscripts)
surface production rate 9sc RTESC L3/t
surface tension, interfacial SFT m/t2
surrounding formation resistivity E RESS mL3/tq2
susceptibility, magnetic k SUSM mL/q2
temperature T TEM T
temperature, bottomhole Tbh TEMBH T
temperature, critical T, TEMC T
temperature, formation Tf TEMF T
temperature gradient gT GRDT T/L
temperature, pseudocritical TPC TEMPC T
temperature, pseudoreduced TPr TEMPRD T
temperature, reduced T, TEMRO T
temperature, reservoir TR TEMR T
temperature, standard conditions CC TEMSC T
tension, surface (interfacial) u SFT m/t2
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
z
tensor of x X
thermal conductivity (always with additional kt, HEN mL/t3T
thermal cubic expansion coefficient HEC l/T
thermal or heat diffusivity HTD L2/t
thickness (general and individual bed) THK L
thickness, gross pay (total) THKT L
thickness, mudcake hmc THKMC L
thickness, pay, gross (total) h THKT L
thickness, net pay hn THKN L
time t TIM t
time after well is opened to production At, DELTIMWF t
(pressure drawdown)
time after well is shut in (pressure buildup) At, DELTIMWS t
time constant 7 TIMC t
time, decay (mean life) (l/ A) Td TIMD t
time, delay b TIMD t
time difference At DELTIM t
(time period or interval, fixed length)
time, dimensionless tD TIMQ
time, dimensionless at condition m tDm TIMMQ
time for stabilization of a well ts TIMS t
time, interval transit tscript t TAC t/L
time, interval transit, apparent t, script t TACA t/J-
time, interval transit, fluid -If script t TACF t/L
time, interval transit, matrix i m. script t TACMA t/L
time, interval transit, shale k,, script t TACSH t/L
time, neutron decay (neutron mean life) tdN TIMDN t
time, payout (payoff, payback) iP TIMPO t
time period or interval, fixed length At DELTIM t
time well was on production before shut-in, b TIMP t
equivalent (pseudotime)
tortuosity 7 TOR
tortuosity, electric Te TORE
tortuosity, hydraulic 7H TDRHL
total (combined) liquid saturation SL SATL
total entropy s HER L2/tZT
total mobility of all fluids in a particular region At MDBT L3t/m
of the reservoir; e.g., (A, + A*+ A, )
total mobility ratio [(Ar)swepJ(Ar)unsweptl; MBRT
“swept” and “unswept” refer
to invaded and uninvaded regions behind and
ahead of leading edge of a displacement front
total (gross) pay thickness ht THKT L
total gross revenue (‘value”) V GRRT M
total initial gas in place in reservoir G GASTI L3
total moles NMBM
total porosity 3, PORT
total (two-phase) formation volume factor 4 FVFT
Reserve
SPE Computer
-
transfer coefficient, convective heat h HTCC m/t3T

transfer coefficient, heat, overall u HTCU rn/t’T
transfer coefficient, heat, radiation I HTCI m/t3T
transit time, interval k script t TAC t/J-
transit time, apparent, interval in script t TACA o-
transit time, fluid interval if script r TACF t/L
transit time, matrix interval i ma script t TACMA t/L
transit time, shale interval ksh scripr t TACSH t/L
transform, Laplace 0fyT.Y (t )P’dt $0) script L
transform, Laplace, var:able s

transmissivity, transmissibility T T TRM various
true density Pr 4 DENT m/L3
true formation resistivity 4 wf REST mL3/tq2
true geometrical factor (multiplier) G, .fGf GMFT
tubing pressure, flowing PV p,r PRSTF m/L+
tubing pressure, static PIS PI, PASTS m/Lt=
turbulence factor FB FACB
two-phase or total formation volume factor 4 4 FVFT
ultimate gas recovery 60 gPa GASPUL L3
unamortized investment over year k Gk INVUK
undiscounted cash flow P M
unburned reservoir rock, volume of VRU VRll VOLRU L3
unit air requirement in laboratory experimental aE F OE AIREX L3/m
unit air requirement in reservoir, volumes of air aR F UR AIRR
per unit bulk volume of reservoir rock
unit fuel concentration (see symbol m) G CNCFU various
universal gas constant (per mole) R RRR mL2/t2T
utilization, oxygen eo2
UTLOZ
valence Z VAL
vapor phase, mole fraction of component Y MFRV
vapor phase, moles of V MOLV
vaporization, latent heat of L” A” HLTV L2/ t=
variance of a random variable c= VAR
variance of a random variable, estimated S2 VARES
vector of x 2
velocity V VEL L/t
velocity, acoustic V VAC L/t
velocity, acoustic apparent (measured) VC2 VACA L/t
velocity, acoustic fluid Vf VACF L/t
velocity, matrix acoustic %I, VACMA L/t
velocity, shale acoustic vsh VACSH L/t
velocity (rate) of burning-zone advance vb VELB L/t
vertical (invasion) efficiency: hydrocarbon pore El EFFI
space invaded (affected, contacted) by the
injected-fluid or heat front divided by the
Reserve
SPE Computer
Quantity Symbol Symbol Symbol Dimensiona
-
hydrocarbon pore space enclosed in all layers

viscosity, air VISA m/Lt
viscosity at mean pressure VISPAV mm
viscosity, dynamic VIS m/Lt
viscosity, gas VISG mm
viscosity, gas, at 1 atm VISGA m/Lt
viscosity, kinematic VSK L2/t
viscosity, oil visa m/Lt
viscosity, water VISW
volume VOL gLt
volume at bubblepoint pressure VOLBP
volume, bulk VOLB $
volume, bulk, of pack burned in VOLBEX L3
experimental run
volume, effective pore K VOLG L3
volume fraction or ratio (as needed, use same V VLF various
subscripted symbols as for “volumes”; note
that bulk volume fraction is unity and pore
volume fractions are +I
volume, free-gas, initial reservoir GFi GASFI L3
(=mNb,; )
volume, grain (volume of all formation solids Vgr VOLGR L3
except shales)
volume, intergranular (volume between grains; VOLIG L3
consists of fluids and all shales)
<vb-v,r>
volume, intermatrix (consists of fluids and vim VOLIM L3
dispersed shale) (vb - V,,,,>
volume, matrix (framework) (volume of all Vma VOLMA
formation solids except dispersed shale)
volume, noneffective pore (VP-V, ) Vne VOLNE
volume of reservoir rock burned vRb VOLRB
volume of reservoir rock unburned vRu VOLRU
volume per mole (molal volume) VM VOLM
volume, pore (Vb-V,) VP VOLP
volume, pore, dimensionless VPD VOLPQ
volume, shale, dispersed Vshd VOLSHO
volume, shale, laminated vxhf script i VSHLAM
volume, shale, structural Vshs VOLSHS
volume, shale(s) (volume of all shales: Vsh VOLSH
structural and dispersed)
volume, solid(s) (volume of all formation VS VOLS
solids)
volume, specific V SPV L3/m
volumetric efficiency for burned portion only, EVb EFFVB
volumetric efficiency: product of pattern sweep Ev EFFV
and invasion efficiencies
Reserve
SPE Computer
- -
volumetric flow rate 4 RTE L3/t

volumetric flow rate downhole qdh RTEOH L3/t
volumetric flow rate, surface conditions 4sc RTESC L3/t
volumetric heat capacity M HSPV m/Lt2T
volumetric velocity (flow rate or flux, U VELV L/t
per unit area)
water (always with identifying subscripts) WTR various
water compressibility CMPW Lt2/m
water density DENW m/L3
water displaced from burned volume, volume DPRWB
per unit volume of burned reservoir rock
waterdrive constant WDC L4t2/m
waterdrive constant, linear aquifer WDCL L4t2/m
water, effective permeability to PRMW L2
water formation volume factor FVFW
water/fuel ratio FACWFU various
water, gas solubility in GWRS
water in place in reservoir, initial WTRTI
water influx (encroachment), cumulative WTRE LI
water influx (encroachment) during an interval DELWTRE L3
water influx (encroachment) rate ENCW $lt
water injected, cumulative WTRI
water injected during an interval DELWTRI L3
water injection rate INJW L3/t
water mobility MOBW L3t/m
water/oil permeability ratio PRMWO
water/oil ratio, cumulative FACWOP
water/oil ratio, producing, instantaneous FACWO
water produced, cumulative WTRP
water produced during an interval DELWTRP
water production rate RTEW
water production rate, dimensionless RTEWQ
water, relative permeability to PRMRW
water resistivity RESW mL3/tq2
water saturation SATW
water saturation, critical SATWC
water saturation, initial SATWI
water saturation (interstitial) in oil band SATWO
water saturation in gas cap, interstitial SATWG
water saturation, interstitial, connate, SATIW
or irreducible
water saturation, residual S NV SATWR
water specific gravity Yw SPGW
water viscosity PN’ visw m/I-t
wave length (l/cr) A WVL L
wave number (l/h) o- WVN l/L
weight (gravitational) W WGT m/Lt2
weight-weighted average density PL rho DENAVL dL3
of produced liquid
weight, atomic A AWT m
Reserve
SPE Computer
weight, molecular MWT m

well radius RV RADW L
well radius of damage or stimulation (skin) Rs RADS L
well stabilization time Ts TIMS
wellbore radius, effective or apparent (includes R wo RADWA :.
effects of well damage or stimulation
wet-gas content Cw C dhg CNTWG various
wet gas produced, cumulative G+%P g WkTP GASWGP L3
width, breadth, or thickness b W WTH L
(primarily in fracturing)
work W WRK mL2/ t2
Young’s modulus (modulus of elasticity) E ELMY m/L+
zone diameter, invaded, electrically equivalent 4 DIAI L
zone resistivity, invaded Ri RESI mL3/ tq2
Subscript Definitions in Alphabetical Order
Reserve Computer
Letter SPE Letter
Subscript Definition Subscript Subscript Subscript
abandonment a A A
acoustic A tcY A
activation log, neutron iA na NA
active, activity, or acting a A
after taxes a A
air a A A
air/fuel aF AFU
altered A
amplitude log ; a A
angle, angular, or angular coordinate 0 THE
anhydrite anh AH
anisotropic ani ANI
annulus apparent (from log readings; an AN AN
use tool description subscripts)
apparent (general) a w A
apparent wellbore (usually with wellbore radius r,) wa WA
area1 A A
atmosphere, atmospheric a A A
average or mean pressure P PAV
--
average or mean saturation s $1P SAV
band or oil band b B B
bank or bank region b B
base b r* P B
before taxes b B B
bond log, cement CB cb CB
borehole televiewer log TV tv TV
bottomhole bh w,BH BH
bottomhole, flowing (usually with pressure or time) Wf WF
bottomhole, static (usually with pressure or time) ws ws
boundary conditions, external E
breakthrough ilT xt BT
bubble b B
bubblepoint conditions, oil at (usually with ob OB
formation volume factor, Bob)
bubblepoint conditions, solution at (usually sb SB
with gas/oil ratio, Rsb)
bubblepoint (saturation) b s, bp BP
bubblepoint or saturation (usually with bp BP
volume, I/bJ
bulk (usually with volume, VL,) b B,t B
burned in experimental tube run (usually bE BEX
with volume, V&
burned or burning b B B
burned portion of in-situ combustion pattern, Db DB
displacement from (usually with efficiency,
Em)
burned portion of in-situ combustion pattern, Vb VB
volumetric of (usually with efficiency, Em)
Reserve Computer
Letter SPE Letter
Subscript Definition - Subscript Subscript Subscript
burned reservoir rock Rb RB

burned volume, oil from (usually ob OB
with displacement ratio, Sob)
burned volume, water from (usually wb WB
with displacement ratio, &+b)
calculated C talc CA
caliper log C C C
capillary (usually with capillary pressure, PC) C C CP
capture cap c
carbon dioxide (32 co2
carbon monoxide co co
casing or casinghead c cg CS
casing, flowing (usually with pressure) cf CF
casing, static (usually with pressure) CS cs
cement bond log CB cb CB
chemical C C
chlorine log CL Cl CL
clay Cl da CL
clean cn cln CN
coil C C C
compaction cP CP
compensated density log CD cd CD
compensated neutron log CN cn CN
component(s) C C
component j j J
component j produced Pj PJ
(usually with moles, nP,)
compressional wave C C C
conditions for infinite dimensions c-2 INF INF
conductive liquids in invaded zone Z Z
connate (interstitial, irreducible) i ir, 1 iota, IR
i Script i
constant C C C
contact C C C
(usually with contact angle, Bc)
contact log, microlog, minilog ML ml script 1 ML
convective C
conversion (usually with conversion factor in C C
Newton’s law of motion, g,)
core C C C
corrected COT cot7
critical C cr CR
cumulative influx (encroachment) e i E
cumulative injected i I
cumulative produced P P
cumulative produced free value FP FP
(usually with gas, GF~)
cumulative produced liquid LP LP
(usually with condensate, CL,)
damage or damaged (includes “skin” conditions) S
decay zi 0
Reserve Computer
Letter SPE Letter
deep induction log ID id IO

deep laterolog LLD PPdscript I1 LLO
delay d 6 II
density RHO
density log, compensated CD cd CD
density log D d II
depleted region, depletion d s D
dewpoint d D
differential separation d 0
differential temperature log DT dt OT
diffusivity rl ETA
dimensionless pore value PD Pa
(usually with volume, I/pD)
dimensionless quantity D a
dimensionless quantity at condition m Dm QM
dimensionless time tD TO
dimensionless water WD wa
dip (usually with angle, LYE) d 0
diplog, dipmeter DM dm DM
directional survey DR dr OR
dirty (clayey, shaly) 4 dty OY
discounted value, present worth, or present value PV PV PV
dispersed d D D
dispersion K d K
displaced d s,D DO
displacement from burned portion of in-situ Db OB
combustion pattern (usually with efficiency,
Em)
displacement from unburned portion of in-situ Du DU
combustion pattern (usually with efficiency,
ED,)
displacing or displacement (efficiency) D DN
dolomite dol DL
downhole dh DH DH
drainage (usually with drainage radius, rd) d D
dual induction log DI di 01
dual laterolog DLL dPPscript 11 DLL
earth e E E
effective (or equivalent) e E
electric, electrical e E E
electrochemical ec C
electrode ; e E
electrokinetic k ek K
electrolog, electrical log, electrical EL el, ES EL
survey
electromagnetic pipe inspection log EP ep EP
electron el 4P script el E
empirical E EM EM
encroachment (influx). cumulative e E
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Letter SPE Letter
entry E E
epithermal neutron log f;,E NE
equivalent e4 PV EV
estimated E est ES
ethane c2 C2
experimental E EX EX
experimental value per mole of produced gas & EXG
(usually with fuel consumption, m,)
external, outer boundary conditions e 0 E
extrapolated ext XT
fast neutron log NF nf NF
fill-up f F
finger or fingering f F F
flash separation f F F
flowing bottomhole (usually with pressure or time) wf WF
flowing casing (usually with pressure) Cf CF
flowing conditions, injection well (usually with iwf IWF
pressure, P iwf>
flowing conditions, well (usually with time) wf f WF
flowing tubing (usually with pressure) tf TF
fluid f fl F
fluids in an invaded zone, conductive Z Z
flushed zone x0 x0
formation 100% saturated with 0 zero zr ZR
water (used in R. only)
formation (rock) f fm F
formation, surrounding S
fraction or fractional ; F
fracture, fractured, or fracturing f FR
free (usually with gas or gas/oil ratio quantities) F F
free fluid Ff FF
free value, cumulative produced, FP FP
(usually with gas, GF/,)
free value, initial (usually with gas, GF,) Fi FI
front, front region, or interface f F F
fuel, mass of (usually with fuel concentration, C,, ) FU
fuel (usually with fuel properties, such as pi) F” FU
gamma-gamma ray log GG gg GG
gamma ray log CR gr GR
gas g G G
gas at atmospheric conditions w GA
gas at bubblepoint conditions gb GB
gas cap, oil in (usually with saturation, S,) a OG
gas cap, water in (usually with saturation, S,,) w WG
gas, dimensionless gD Ga
gas/oil, solution (usually with gas/oil ratios) S S
gas/water, solution SW SW
(usually with gas solubility in water, I?,,)
geometrical G G
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Subscript Definition - Subscript Subscript Subscript
geothermal G T GT
grain gr GR
grain (matrix, solids) ma MA
gravity meter log GM gm GM
gross (total) T T
guard log G g G
gypsum gYP GY
half l/2 H
heat or thermal h T, 8 HT
heavy phase HP hp HP
hole h H H
horizontal H h H
hydraulic H HL
hydrocarbon h H H
hydrogen nuclei or atoms H HY
hydrocarbon, residual hr HR
hydrogen sulfide HIS H2S
imbibition I i script i I
induction log, deep investigation ID id IO
induction log 1 i I
induction log, dual Dl di Ill
induction log, medium investigation IM im IM
infinite dimensions, conditions for 00 INF
influx (encroachment), cumulative i E
initial conditions or value I
initial free value (usually with gas, G,+-,) Fi FI
initial solution (usually with gas/oil ratio, R,V,) si SI
injected, cumulative I I
injection, injected, or injecting inj I
injection well, flowing conditions (usually with iwf IWF
pressut=, phf)
injection well, static conditions (usually with iWS IWS
p-sure, pi,>
inner, interior, or internal L,i script i I
interface, front region, or front f F F
interference I i, i script i I
intergranular jg IG
intermatrix im IM
internal i,i script i I
interstitial 1,i script i I
intrinsic int I
invaded I I
invaded zone I I
invaded zone, conductive liquids in an 2
invasion (usually with invasion efficiency, 4 1 I i I
irreducible, interstitial, or connate ir, L,i script i IR
jth component j J
jth component, produced (usually with moles, np;) P.i PJ
junction J
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laminar Pscript 1 L LAM

laminated, lamination Pscript 1 L LAM
lateral (resistivity) log L P script I L
laterolog (add further tool configuration LL PP script I1 LL
subscripts as needed)
laterolog, dual DLL d@ script II DLL
lifetime log, neutron, TDT NL nk?script 1 NL
light phase LP Fp script I LP
limestone is 1st LS
limiting value lim LM
linear, lineal L P script 1 L
liquid or liquid phase L I script I L
liquids, conductive, invaded zone 2
liquid produced, cumulative (usually with LP LP
condensate, GLp)
location subscripts, usage is secondary to that for 1, 2, 3, etc.
representing times or time periods
loI? log 1% L
lower P script I L L
magnetism log, nuclear NM nm NM
mass of fuel (usually with fuel concentration, m FU
cm )
matrix (solids, grain) ma MA
matrix [solids except (nonstructural) ma MA
clay or shale]
maximum max MX
mean or average pressure F PAV
mean or average saturation s St P SAV
medium investigation induction log IM im IM
methane Cl Cl
microlaterolog MLL m@ script II MLL
microlog, minilog, contact log ML mP script 1 ML
microseismogram log, signature log, variable VD vd VD
density log
minimum min MN
mixture M z,m M
mobility A M LAM
molal (usually with volume, V$,,) M M
Mth period or interval M m M
mud m M
mudcake mc MC
mud filtrate mJ MF
net N
neutron lb n N
neutron activation log NA na NA
neutron lifetime log, TDT NL nP script I NL
neutron log, compensated CN Ctl CN
neutron log N n N
neutron log, epithermal NE ne NE
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neutron log, fast NF nf NF

neutron log, sidewall SN sn SN
neutron log, thermal NT nt NT
nitrogen N2 N2
noneffective ne NE
nonwetting nw NW NW
normal N
normal (resistivity) log k n N
(add numerical spacing to subscript to N; e.g., N16)
normalized (fractional or relative) n r,R N
nth year, period, income, payment, or unit N N
nuclear magnetism log hl nm NM
numerical subscripts (intended primarily 1,2,3, etc.
to represent times or time periods;
available secondarily as location
subscripts or for other purposes)
observed OB OB
oil at bubblepoint conditions (usually with formation ob OB
volume factor, Bob)
oil, dimensionless OD 00
oil (except when used with resistivity) 0 N 0
oil from burned volume (usually with displacement ob 08
ratio, 6,,/,1
oil from unburned volume (usually with displacement 011 ou
ratio, 6,,,,1
oil in gas cap (usually with saturation, S,,,) og OG
outer (external) boundary conditions e 0 E
oxygen 02 02
particle (usually with diameter, dp) P P
particular period, element, or interval k K K
pattern (usually with pattern efficiency, EP) P P
payout, payoff, or payback P PO PO
permeability k K
phase or phases P P
pipe inspection log, electromagnetic EP ep EP
pore (usually with volume, I$) P P P
pore value, dimensionless (usuallywith volume, I',?,, 1 PD PQ
porosity 4 PHI
porosity data 4 P
pressure, mean or average P PAV
primary 1 one pm PR
produced P P P
produced componentj (usually with moles, n,,i) pj PJ
produced, cumulative P P
produced free value, cumulative 41 FP
(usually with gas, G,,, )
produced in experiment PE PEX
produced liquid, cumulative LP LP
(usually with condensate, Cl.,,)
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produced water/oil (cumulative) WOP WOP

(usually with cumulative water/oil ratio, F,,)
production period (usually with time, tp) P P P
profit - unamortized investment Pk PK
proximity log P P P
pseudo P P
pseudocritical PC PC
pseudodimensionless PD PO
pseudoreduced pr PRO
pseudo-SP PSP PSP
radius, radial, or radial distance r H R
rate R
rate of return R R
ratio z
recovery (usually with recovery efficiency, ER) R R
reduced r RO
reference r bPP R
relative R R
reservoir k r R
reservoir rock, burned Rb RB
reservoir rock, unburned Ru RU
residual r R R
residual hydrocarbon hr HR
resistivity R R
resistivity log R R
Reynolds (used with Reynolds number Re
only, NKJ
rock (formation) f fm F
sand sd sa SO
sandstone ss sst ss
saturation, mean or average s SJP SAV
saturation or bubblepoint b s, bp BP
saturation or bubblepoint (usually with bp BP
volume, Vbp)
scattered, scattering SC SC
secondary 2 s,set SE
segregation (usually with segregation s S ru S
rate, 4%)
separator conditions SP SP
shale sh sha SH
shallow laterolog LLS QPsscript I1 LLS
shear S i- S
shear wave S
sidewall i iW SW
sidewall neutron log SN sn SN
signature log, microseismogram log, VD vd VD
variable density log
silt sl sit SL
single payment SP SP
59-60 PETROLEUM ENGINEERING HANDf3OOK
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skin (stimulation or damage) s S s

slip or slippage u S
slurry (“mixture”) z 2, m M
solid(s) (all formation solids) S CT S
solids in experiment SE SEX
solids (matrix, grain) ma MA
solution at bubblepoint conditions (usually with sb SB
gas/oil ratio, Rsb)
solution in water (usually with gas solubility SW SW
in water, I?,,)
solution, initial (usually with gas/oil si SI
ratio, R,i)
solution (usually with gas/oil ratios) S
sonde, tool T
sonic velocity log SV SV sv
SP SP SP SP
spacing
specific (usually with J and I) S
SSP SSP SSP
stabilization (usually with time) s S S
standard conditions SC o- SC
static bottomhole (usually with pressure or time) WS ws
static casing (usually with pressure) cs cs
static conditions, injection well (usually with pressure) iWS IWS
static or shut-in conditions (usually with time) WS S ws
static tubing (usually with pressure) ts TS
static well conditions (usually with time) WS S ws
steam or steam zone S S
stimulation (includes “skin” conditions) S S S
stock-tank conditions st ST
storage or storage capacity s 4 o- S
strain E e EPS
structural st S ST
surface S o- S
surrounding formation S S
swept or swept region S S ru S
system s u S
TDT log, neutron lifetime log NL nl script 1 NL
televiewer log, borehole TV tv TV
temperature T h,e T
temperature log T t,h T
temperature log, differential DT dt OT
thermal (heat) h T, e HT
thermal decay time (TDT) log NL ne script I NL
thermal neutron log NT nt NT
time, dimensionless tD TO
times or time periods 1,2,3, etc.
tool-description subscripts: see individual entries
such as “amplitude log,” “neutron log,” etc.
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tool, sonde T T
total initial in place in reservoir ti TI
total (gross) t T
total, total system t T
transmissibility T T
treatment or treating t T
true (opposed to apparent) (electrical logging) t T
tubing flowing (usually with pressure) tf TF
tubing or tubinghead a! T
tubing, static (usually with pressure) ts TS
turbulence (used with F only, FB 1 B B
ultimate ul a UL
unamortized U u U
unburned U
unburned portion of in-situ combustion pattern LU ou
displacement from (usually with efficiency, EDU)
unburned reservoir rock RU RU
unburned volume, oil from (usually with ou ou
displacement ratio, 6,, )
unit u U
unswept or unswept region u U
upper u U
vaporization, vapor, or vapor phase V V
variable density log, microseismogram log, VD vd vo
signature log
velocity V V
velocity, sonic or acoustic log iv SV sv
vertical V v V
volumetric of burned portion of in-situ combustion Vb VB
pattern (usually with efficiency, EVb)
volume or volumetric V V V
water W W W
water, dimensionless WD WCI
water from burned volume (usually with displacement wb WB
ratio, aWb)
water/fuel wF WFU
water in gas cap (usually with saturation, S,,) w WG
water/oil (usually with instantaneous producing wo wo
water/oil ratio, F,,)
water/oil, produced (cumulative) WOP
(usually with cumulative water/oil ratio, F,,,)
water, solution in (usually with gas solubility SW SW
in water, R,,.)
water-saturated formation, 100 % 0 zero zr ZR
weight W W W
well conditions W W
well, flowing conditions (usually with time) wf f WF
well, injection, flowing conditions iwf IWF
(usually with pressure, piwzf)
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well, injection, static conditions iws IWS

(usually with pressure, piws)
well, static conditions (usually with time) WS s ws
wellbore, apparent (usually with wellbore wa WA
radius, rwO1
wellhead wh th WH
wet gas (usually with composition or content, wg WG
Gg )
wet gas produced wgp WGP
wetting W W W
Young’s modulus, refers to Y Y
zero hydrocarbon saturation 0 zero zr ZR
zone, conductive fluids in an invaded z Z
zone, flushed x0 X0
zone, invaded i I I
Subscript Symbols in Alphabetical Order
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Letter SPE Letter
Subscript Subscript Subscript Subscript Definition
Greek and Numerical
e EPS strain
ETA diffusivity
THE angle, angular, or angular coordinate
LAM mobility
RHO density
PHI porosity
P porosity data, derived from
tool-description subscripts: see individual entries
such as “amplitude log,” “neutron log,” etc.
0 zero u ZR formation 100% saturated with water (used in R. only)
1 p,pri PR primary
1,2,3,etc. location subscripts, usage is secondary to that for
representing times or time periods
1,2,3,etc. numerical subscripts (intended primarily to represent
times or time periods; available secondarily as
location subscripts or for other purposes)
1,2,3,etc. times or time periods
l/2 H half
2 s,set SE secondary
m INF conditions for infinite dimensions
English
A a A amplitude log
A A area1
a A A abandonment
a A, a A acoustic
a A active, activity, or acting
a A after taxes
a A A air
a A altered
a ap A apparent (general)
a A A atmosphere, atmospheric
at; AFU air/fuel
an AN AN annulus apparent (from log readings:
use tool description subscripts)
anh AH anhydrite
ani ANI anisropic
B B turbulence (used with F only, FB)
BT bt BT breakthrough
b B B band or oil band
b B bank or bank region
b 6P B base
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b B B before taxes
b B bubble
b s, bp B bubblepoint (saturation)
b B,t B bulk (usually with volume, V,)
b B B burned or burning
bE BEX burned in experimental tube run (usually
with volume, V,,)
bh w,BH BH bottomhole
bp BP bubblepoint or saturation (usually with
volume, VbP)
c talc CA calculated
c C C caliper log
c C C coil
C C component(s)
C C convective
Cl Cl methane
c2 c2 ethane
CB cb CB bond log, cement
CD cd CO compensated density log
CL cl CL chlorine log
CN cn CN compensated neutron log
co CO carbon monoxide
co2 co2 carbon dioxide
C C CP capillary (usually with capillary presssure, P,)
c cg cs casing or casinghead
c C chemical
c C C compressional wave
c C C constant
C C C contact (usually with contact angle, 0,)
C C conversion (usually with conversion factor in
Newton’s law of Motion, gC)
c C core
C cr Ll critical
c ec C electrochemical
CUP e capture
cb CB CB cement bond log
Cf CF casing, flowing (usually with pressure)
Cl cla CL clay
Cfl cln CN clean
car COR corrected
CP CP compaction
CS cs casing, static (usually with pressure)
D d 0 density log
D a dimensionless quantity
D s, u DN displacing or displacement (efficiency)
DI di 01 dual induction log
DLL dfi’script 11 DLL dual laterolog
DM dm DM diplog, dipmeter
DR dr OR directional survey
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DT dt DT differential temperature log

Db DB displacement from burned portion of in-situ
combustion pattern (usually with efficiency, EDb)
Dm QM dimensionless quantity at condition m
DU DIJ displacement from unburned portion of in-situ
combustion pattern (usually with efficiency, ED,)
d D decay
d cl delay
d 0 depleted region, depletion
d D dewpoint
d 0 differential separation
d 0 dip (usually with angle, ad)
d D D dispersed
d 0 0 displaced
d 0 drainage (usually with drainage radius, Ye)
dh DH DH downhole
dol DL dolomite
4 dtv DY dirty (clayey, shaly)
E E electrode
E iM EM empirical
E est ES estimated
E EX EX experimental
Es EXG experimental value per mole of produced gas
(usually with fuel consumption, m& )
EL el, ES EL electrolog, electrical log, electrical survey
EP ep EP electromagnetic pipe inspection log
C ec C electrochemical
e 0 E boundary conditions, external
e E cumulative influx (encroachment)
e !E E earth
e E effective (or equivalent)
e E E electric, electrical
e E E entry
e 0 E external or outer boundary conditions
el &script el E electron
eq EV EV equivalent
ext XT extrapolated
F F fill-up
F F free (usually with gas or gas/oil ratio quantities)
F FU fuel (usually with fuel properties, such as nF)
FP FP cumulative produced free value (usually with gas, GFP)
Ff FF free fluid
Fi FI free value, initial (usually with gas, GFi)
F F finger or fingering
; F flash separation
f ; F fluid
fm F formation (rock)
; F fraction or fractional
f F FR fracture, fractured, or fracturing
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f F front, front region, or interface

f F rock (formation)
G G geometrical
G T GT geothermal
G g G guard log
GG gg GG gamma-gamma ray log
GM gm GM gravity meter log
GR gr GA gamma ray log
g G G gas
@ GQ gas, dimensionless
m GA gas at atmospheric conditions
gb GB gas at bubblepoint conditions
gr GR grain
UP GY gypsum
H h H horizontal
H HL hydraulic
H HY hydrogen nuclei or atoms
H2S H2S hydrogen sulfide
HP b HP heavy phase
h T,8 HT heat or thermal
h H H hole
h H H hydrocarbon
h T, Q HT thermal (heat)
hr HR hydrocarbon, residual
I i script i I imbibition
I I induction log
I i, i script i I interference
I i 1 invasion (usually with invasion efficiency, E,)
ID id ID induction log, deep investigation
IM im IM induction log, medium investigation
i I cumulative injected
i I initial conditions or value
i inj I injection, injected, or injecting
i b,i script i I inner, interior, or internal
i I I invaded
i I I invaded zone
i ir, b,,i script i IR irreducible, interstitial, or connate
ig IG intergranular
im IM intermatrix
int I intrinsic
iwf IWF injection well, flowing conditions (usually with
pressure, pjWf1
iws IWS injection well, static conditions (usually with
pressure, P& )
ws s ws well, static conditions (usually with time)
j J jth component
j J junction
K d K dispersion
k ek K electrokinetic
k K K particular period, element, or interval
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Subscript Subscript Subscript - Subscript Definition
k K permeability
P script 1 L LAM laminar
P script 1 L LAM laminated, lamination
L ! script I L lateral (resistivity log)
L 0 script 1 L linear, lineal
L 0 script 1 L liquid or liquid phase
p script I L L lower
LP
LP cumulative produced liquid
(usually with condensate, GLP)
LL @script N LL laterolog (add further tool configuration subscripts
as needed)
LLD ppd script N LLO deep laterolog
LLS 1ps script I1 LLS shallow laterolog
LOG log L log
LP Pp script 1 LP light phase
LP LP liquid produced, cumulative (usually with
condensate, GLp)
lim LM limiting value
IS 1st LS limestone
M m M Mth period or interval
M z, m M mixture
M M molal (usually with volume, V,>
M mud
E z,m M slurry (“mixture”)
ML m P script 1 ML contact log, microlog, minilog
MLL mPPscript N MLL microlaterolog
m FU mass of fuel (usually with fuel concentration, C,,,)
m M mud
ma MA grain (matrix, solids)
ma MA matrix [solids except (nonstructural) clay or shale]
max MX maximum
me MC mudcake
mf MF mud filtrate
min MN minimum
N n N neutron
N n N neutron log
N n N normal (resistivity) log
(add numerical spacing to subscript N; e.g., N16)
N2 N2 nitrogen
NA na NA neutron activation log
NE ne NE neutron log, epithermal
NF nf NF neutron log, fast
NL n! script 1 NL neutron lifetime log, TDT
NM nm NM nuclear magnetism log
NT nt NT neutron log, thermal
n N net
n N normal
n r,R N normalized (fractional or relative)
n N N nth year, period, income, payment, or unit
ne NE noneffective
nw NW NW nonwetting
4 02 oxygen
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OB LIB observed
0 N 0 oil (except when used with resistivity)
ob OB oil at bubblepoint conditions (usually with formation
volume factor, Bob)
ob OB oil from burned volume (usually with displacement
ratio, & )
OD OD oil, dimensionless
W OG oil in gas cap (usually with saturation, S,,)
011 ou oil from unburned volume (usually with displacement
ratio, 6,, 1
P P phase or phases
P P P proximity log
NL nP script 1 NL neutron lifetime log, TDT
PV PV PV discounted value, present worth, or present value
Pk PK profit-unamortized investment
P particle (usually with diameter, dp)
; P pattern (usually with pattern efficiency, EP)
P PO PO payout, payoff, or payback
P P P pore (usually with volume, VP)
P PAV pressure, mean or average
P P P produced
P P produced, cumulative
P P P production period (usually with time, tp)
P P pseudo
PD PQ pore value, dimensionless (usually with volume, VPD)
PD PQ pseudodimensionless
PE PEX produced in experiment
PSP PSP pseudo-SP
PC PC pseudocritical
Pj PJ produced componentj (usually with moles, npj)
pr PRD pseudoreduced
R rate
R ratio
R R recovery (usually with recovery efficiency, ER 1
R r R reservoir
R R resistivity
R rl P R resistivity log
Rb RB reservoir rock, burned
RM RU reservoir rock, unburned
Re Reynolds (used with Reynolds number only, NRe)
R R radius, radial, or radial distance
R R rate of return
RD reduced
b, P R reference
R R relative
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r R residual
s SAY saturation, mean or average
S SW sidewall
S S storage or storage capacity
s SAV average or mean saturation
SN SN neutron log, sidewall
SP SP SP
SSP SSP SSP
sv sv sv sonic, velocity or acoustic log
SWN swn SWN sidewall neutron log
s d S damage or damaged (includes “skin” conditions)
s S formation, surrounding
s S gas/oil ratio, solution
s S segregation (usually with segregation rate, qs)
S s shear
S S shear wave
S S skin (stimulation or damage)
S S slip or slippage
S S solid (usually with volume or density)
S S solution (usually with gas/oil ratios)
S spacing
S S specific (usually with J and Z)
S S S stabilization (usually with time)
S S S steam or steam zone
s S S stimulation (includes “skin” conditions)
S u S surface
S S surrounding formation
s s, 0 s swept or swept region
s u S system
SE SEX solids in experiment
sb SB solution at bubblepoint conditions (usually with
gas/oil ratio, Rsb)
SC SC scattered, scattering
SC o- SC standard conditions
sd sa SD sand
sh sha SH shale
si SI solution, initial (usually with gas/oil ratio, R,;)
Sl sit SL silt
SP SP separator conditions
SP SP single payment
ss sst ss sandstone
st ST stock-tank conditions
St S ST structural
SW SW solution in water (usually with gas solubility
in water, R,,)
&VP GY gypsum
T h, 0 T temperature
T t,h T temperature log
T t T tool, sonde
T t transmissibility
TV tv TV televiewer log, borehole
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Subscript Subscript - Subscript Subscript Definition
t T T gross (total)
t T T total, total system
t 7 T treatment or treating
t tr T true (electrical logging) (opposed to apparent)
f t&T T tubing or tubinghead
tD TO time, dimensionless
tf TF tubing flowing (usually with pressure)
ti TI totalinitial in place in reservoir
ts TS tubing, static (usually with pressure)
U u u unamortized
U U unburned
U u U unit
u Ii U unswept or unswept region
U u U upper
ul a UL ultimate
V V V vertical
V V V volume or volumetric
VD vd VD microseismogram log, signature log,
variabledensity log
Vb VB volumetric or burned portion of in-situ combustion
pattern (usually with efficiency, EVb)
V V V vaporization, vapor, or vapor phase
V V V velocity
V W W water
W W W weight
W W well conditions
W W W wetting
WD WQ water, dimensionless
WF WFU water/fuel
wa WA wellbore, apparent (usually with wellbore radius, rwa)
wb WB water from burned volume (usually with displacement
ratio, ENah )
wf WF bottomhole, flowing (usually with pressure or time)
Wf f WF well, flowing conditions (usually with time)
w&T WG water in gas cap (usually with saturation, S,,,)
wg WG wet gas (usuallywith composition or content, C,, )
WP WGP wet gas produced
Wh th WH wellhead
wo wo water/oil (usually with instantaneous producing
water/oil ratio, F,,)
WOP WOP water/oil, produced (cumulative)
(usually with cumulative water/oil ratio, F,$,,)
ws ws static bottomhole (usually with pressure or time)
ws ws well, static, or shut-in conditions (usually with time)
X0 X0 flushed zone
Y Y Young’s modulus, refers to
Z 2 conductive liquids in invaded zone
Z zone, conductive invaded

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Chapter 59

SPE Letter and Computer Symbols Standard

Symbols in Alphabetical Order.. .59-Z

Symbols in Alphabetical Order

C k NMBC components, number of

E u ENG energy mL*/ t*

Em EFFOB efficiency, displacement, from burned portion of

Ei (x) exponential integral, modified

eE ‘E ENCG encroachment or influx rate, gas L3/t

GFi gF; GASFI free-gas volume, initial reservoir (=miW,;)

L s, P script 1 LTH distance, length, or length’of path L

mR FFR FCMR fuel consumption in reservoir dL3

PCY, Pem PRSXT pressure, extrapolated m/L?

R ARR gas constant, universal (per mole) mLZ/t2T

v, Vt?, VOLM molal volume (volume per mole)

Y HOL holdup (fraction of the pipe volume filled by

DCR decrement various

ASYM asymptotically equal to

kii [ s-‘$dt+ r:dt] , x positive

Laplace transform of y, imy(t)es’dt

logarithm. natural, base i

Quantities in Alphabetical Order

Arrhenius reaction-rate velocity constant ARR L3/m

coefficiem in the equation of the electro- K KSP mL2/t2q

coefficient heat transfer, overall CT uT, u, HTCU m/t3T

conversion factor in Newton’s Second Law of GRVC

de1 (gradient operator) V DEL

dimensionless pressure PD PD PRSD

electric current I i script i,i CUR q/t

exponential integral -Ei (-x )

external boundary pressure PRSE m/Lt2

flowing time after well is opened At,, Arw, OELTIMWF t

fraction liquid .fL FL,~, script1 FRCL

gas formation volume factor at bubblepoint FVFGB

gas-well backpressure curve, exponent of NGW

geometrical factor (multiplier), G Clli fcan GMFAN

hydrocarbon-filled porosity, fraction fht ch PORH

imaginary part of complex number z 9 (2)script

initial reservoir free-gas volume GF, gF, GASFI L3

initial solution gas/oil ratio RX, Fm GDRSI L/t2

integral, exponential -Ei (-x)

intergranular space (porosity), fraction f@h FIGSH

internal energy INE mL2/ t2

Laplace transform variabli s

macroscopic cross section of a nucleus o- s XNL L2

mole fraction gas, V/(L+ v) 4 MFRTV

nucleus cross section, microscopic XNL L*

overall heat transfer coefficient uT~ u, HTCU m/t3T

produced fluids, cumulative (where NP QP FLIJP

rate, shear SRT 1/t

ratio, mobility, total [(A,jSWePt/ (A,)unsweptl; MBRT

saturation, residual hydrocarbon Shr SATHR

SP, static (SSP) ESSP EMFSSP mL2/ t*q

transfer coefficient, convective heat h HTCC m/t3T

transform, Laplace, var:able s

hydrocarbon pore space enclosed in all layers

volumetric flow rate 4 RTE L3/t

weight, molecular MWT m

Subscript Definitions in Alphabetical Order

burned reservoir rock Rb RB

deep induction log ID id IO

laminar Pscript 1 L LAM

neutron log, fast NF nf NF

E u ENG energy mL/ t