POWER ELECTRONICS (ENEE 4101)

September 2018
TUTORIAL 1

1. Figure shows the load voltage/ current waveform of a 1-phase half-wave diode rectifier with
resistance load. Determine the average voltage for the waveform, given v = 230 2 sin(314 t) V.
Note: Average load voltage,

1
Vav  V sin  d
2
m
0

(Ans: 103.52 V)
2. Figure shows the load voltage/ current waveform of a 1-phase full-wave diode rectifier with
resistance load. Determine (i) the average voltage and (ii) the rms voltage for the waveform,
given v = 120 2 sin(314 t) V.

Note: Average load voltage,


1
Vav  Vd 
 V
0
m sin  d

RMS load voltage,

1 
Vrms 
 
0
v 2 (t ) dt

1 
 
2
Vrms v 2 (t ) dt
 0

1 
 
Vm sin  d 2 2

 0
(Ans: 108.2 V, 120 V)
3. Figure shows the load voltage waveform of a 3-phase full-wave diode rectifier with resistance
load. Determine the average load voltage, given the line-to-line rms voltage, VLL = 230 V
Note: Average load voltage,
 /6
1
 / 3 / 6
Vdo  2 VLL cos  d

(Ans: 310.56 V)
4. Figure shows the load voltage/current waveforms of a 1-phase SCR controlled half-wave
converter with resistance load. Determine the average load voltage and rms voltage, given v =
230 2 sin(314 t) V and  = 30.
Note: Average load voltage,

1
2 
Vav  Vm sin  d
 (Ans: 96.58 V)

TUTORIAL 2

Figure 1

5. Figure 1 shows a single-phase half-wave diode rectifier circuit with resistance load, when
vs = 120 2 sin(314 t) V and R = 25 ohms.
(i) Calculate the average output voltage and current
(ii) Draw the curves of output voltage and output current with respect to time.
Ans: (2.16 A)

Figure 2

6. Figure 2 shows a full-bridge rectifier circuit with R = 25 ohms, and vs = 110 V (rms). Calculate
(i) Average value of output voltage and output current.
(ii) RMS value of output voltage and output current.
(iii) Average power delivered to the load.
Draw the output voltage and output current waveforms with respect to time.

(Ans: 99 V, 3.96 A, 110 V rms, 4.4 A, 484 W)

 3. A single-phase bridge type diode rectifier circuit is connected through a large inductance Ld on
load side and a load resistance. The load current is 10 A constant dc current.
(i) Draw the circuit diagram marking all the components.
(ii) If the supply voltage is 120 V, 50 Hz determine the average power supplied to the load.
(iii) Draw the average voltage and average current curves with respect to time.
(Ans: 1200 W)

4. Figure 1(a) below shows a half-wave rectifier circuit. input voltage v s = 220 sin 377 t, R = 15
Ω.

Figure 1(a)

a) Sketch the waveform of ID1, io and Vo. Show derivation of the average output voltage for
vo = Vssinωt. Determine the average output voltage of the rectifier, Vout.

b) This rectifier is required to supply the load with an output ripple current, Io / Io, not to exceed
4 % of its dc value. Suggest a suitable value of inductance to meet the requirement.

c) The source inductance, Ls is added on the AC-side where Ls = 0.4 mH. Sketch the waveform of
the Vs, Vo, id1 and Id2. What is the effect of Ls to the circuit? Find the commutation or overlap
angle.

5. Sketch the circuit diagram of half-wave diode (D1) rectifier circuit with a free-wheeling diode
(D2) and R-L load.
Sketch the waveforms of input voltage, output load voltage, output current, current through
diode, D1 and current through diode, D2.
 TUTORIAL 3

1. FIGURE 1 shows a half-wave single-phase controlled converter having one SCR component
connected to an inductive load. The triggering time by the SCR on the input signal, vs, is shown
in FIGURE 2. Assume that vs = 110sin377t V, input resistance, R = 4 , primary firing time,
t1 = 2.5 ms and inductance, L = 110 mH. Sketch the output voltage and output current and
determine the secondary firing angle,, for Vo,avg = 20 V.

2. A free-wheeling diode is connected parallel to the load. What are the differences observed?
Calculate the new average output voltage.

Figure 1

Figure 2

3. Figure 3(a), (b), and (c) shows full-wave controlled rectifiers with different connection. Given
the supply voltage, vs = 110sin377t and delay angle,  = 60o. For each of the figure,
a) Sketch the output voltage, Vo, output current, Io and current of each SCR, and
b) Find the average output voltage, Vo,av

Figure 3(a) Figure 3(b)

 Figure 3(c)

4. The controlled rectifier in figure 3(a) is having an inductive load. The circuit is operating in a
continuous conduction mode. Justify. Given the supply voltage, vs = 110sin377t, delay angle,
 = 60o, resistance, R = 4 , and inductance, L = 110 mH. Then, give the expression of the
output current, io(t).

5. A more practical circuit of a full-wave controlled rectifier circuit is shown in figure 3(b). The
desired output voltage is 50 V. What is an appropriate value of firing angle, ?

Note: When source inductance is neglected, the average load voltage,

 
1
Vav 
  Vm sin  d

When source inductance is considered, the average load voltage,
 
1 2 Vm 2  Ls
cos  
Vav 
  V m
 u
sin  d  Vo , Vo 
 
Id

6. Determine the average output voltage of the 3-phase SCR controlled bridge converter supplied
from 110 V, 50 Hz, 3-phase supply when the firing delay,  is (i) 30 and (ii) 60. The load
current is maintained constant and steady. Is 110 V, line-to-line or phase voltage?
Sketch the waveforms over a cycle, the input voltage, v s; the output voltage, vo; the output
current, io and the average load voltage, Vo. Label the conduction periods of SCRs.

If the source inductance, Ls = 10 mH is considered

and the load current, Id = 5 A which is steady and
constant at a firing delay angle of 60o, determine the
average dc load voltage.
Sketch the input current waveforms phases a, b and c without/with Ls
(Ans: 128 V, 74 V, 59 V)
 TUTORIAL 4

1. A dc-dc buck converter has a dc input voltage of 30 V and an ideal MOSFET switch. The
inductor value is 100 H and the switching frequency is 50 kHz. Assume that the output
capacitor is large enough to hold the load voltage constant. The converter is required to deliver
4 A into a 3  resistive load. Sketch the converter, inductor voltage and current waveforms.
Determine the converter duty cycle, the switch on-time and the ripple current magnitude.
(Ans: 0.4, 8 s, 1.44 A)

2. A dc-dc buck converter has a dc input voltage of 12 V and produces a load voltage of 5 V into a
10  resistive load. Its switch is driven at 100 kHz and the inductor value is 220 H. Calculate
the following: (i) duty cycle (ii) on-time of the switch (iii) ripple current (iv) average inductor
current and (v) peak inductor current. (Ans: 0.42, 4.2 s, 0.134 A, 0.5 A, 0.567 A)

3. A dc-dc buck converter has the following circuit parameters: dc input voltage = 20 V, output
voltage = 15 V, output current = 5 A, switching frequency = 50 kHz.
(i) Design the converter to achieve an output ripple voltage not to exceed 1 % and the inductor
current ripple not to exceed 10 % at the average load current.
(Ans: 0.15 mH, 8.33 µF, 3 Ω)
(ii) Sketch the circuit, ripple voltage and ripple current waveforms.

4. Determine the diode and transistor average and rms current values for problem 3.
(Ans: 1.25 A, 3.75 A, 2.5 A, 4.33 A)

5. A step-up (boost) converter is to deliver 3 A into the 10  load. The battery voltage is 12 V, L
= 20 H, C = 100 F, and the switching frequency is 50 kHz. Sketch the converter, inductor
voltage and current waveforms. Determine the (i) on-time of the converter (ii) battery current
variation (iii) average battery current (iv) minimum battery current and (v) maximum battery
current. (Ans: 12 s, 7.2 A, 7.5 A, 11.1 A, 3.9 A)

6. A boost converter operating at a switching frequency of 25 kHz has an out voltage of 30 V. The
input source voltage is 12 V. The load is a resistance of 50 Ω. Design the converter for
continuous current operation with L = 1.2Lmin to ensure continuous current. The output voltage
ripple is to be less than 1 %. Assume ideal components.
(Ans: Lmin = 96 H, IL = 1.5 A, Imax = 2.7 A, Imin = 0.3 A, C = 48 F)
 TUTORIAL 5

1. A square-wave full-bridge inverter has a dc source of 125 V, an output frequency of 50 Hz

and an R-L series load with R = 25 ohms and L = 22 mH. Determine:

(a) an expression for load current (b) maximum current in each switch component (c) rms
load current (d) average source current.
(Ans: 5 A, 6.33A, 4.46A)
2. A square-wave half-bridge inverter circuit as shown in Fig. has a load resistance of 10 ohms
and an inductance of 100 mH. The battery voltage of each section is 20 V. The inverter
frequency is 100 Hz. Determine the average load current and i(t), (a) 3 ms after Q1 switches and
(b) 4 ms after Q2 switches.
(Ans: 0.49 A, 0.155 A, -0.331 A)

3. A square-wave full- bridge inverter has a dc source of 125 V, an output frequency of 60 Hz,
and an R-L series load with R = 20 ohms and L = 20 mH. Determine:
(i) An expression for load current.
(ii) RMS load current.
(iii) Average source current.
(Irms = 5.45 A, Is = 4.77 A)

4. A resonant switch dc-dc buck converter is to be designed for zero voltage switching with the
following parameters:

Input voltage = 20 V, output current = 2 A, switching frequency = 100 kHz, resonant network
inductor = 10 µH, resonant network inductor = 0.1F.

Determine the (i) time instants t1, t2, and t3 (ii) output voltage, (iii) maximum capacitor
voltage, and (iv) maximum inductor current.

(t1 = 1 s, t2 = 5.71 s, t3 = 6.71 s, 7.58 V, 2 A, 40 V)

5. A resonant switch dc-dc buck converter as shown in Fig. is to be designed for zero current
switching with the following parameters:
 Input voltage = 40 V, output voltage = 28.7 V, output current = 0.6 A, switching frequency =
100 kHz, resonant network inductor = 15 µH, resonant network inductor = 60 nF.
Determine (i) the time instants t1, t2 and t3 (ii) the peak inductor current and (iii) time at which
the capacitor reaches its maximum voltage of 40 V.

(Ans: 3.1 A, 3.2 µs)

6. A resonant switch dc-dc buck converter is to be designed for zero current switching with the
following parameters:
Input voltage = 100 V, output current = 1.5 A, switching frequency = 50 kHz, resonant network
inductor = 10 µH, resonant network inductor = 0.01 F.
Determine (i) the time instants t1, t2 and t3 (ii) output voltage (iii) the maximum inductor
current (iv) the capacitor voltage and (iii) the switching frequency for an output voltage of 40
V.
(t1 = 0.15 s, t2 = 1.3 s, t3 = 2.55 s, 12.39 V, 4.66 A, 200 V, 161.4 kHz)

7. A resonant switch dc-dc buck converter as shown in Fig. is to be designed for zero current
switching with the following parameters:
Input voltage = 25 V, output voltage = 12 V, output current = 1 A, switching frequency =
250 kHz. Assume the normalized switching frequency = 0.4

Output voltage and switching frequency

Design for the resonant tank parameters L and C and calculate the peak inductor current and
peak capacitor voltage. Determine the time intervals for each mode.
(3 A, 50 V, 0.122 s, 0.795 s, 1.79 s, 4.0 s)