GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA STATE

OFFICE OF THE DEPUTY EXECUTIVE ENGINEER (PR) Vig & QC SUB-DIVISION,

NALGONDA.

Cir.No.AEE/SDBC/VQC Nlg/2015.Dated: 16.02.2015.

Sub:- SDBC - Construction of Semi-Dense Bituminous Concrete Layer as per IRC

Codes, MoRTH Specifications are communicated for better understanding - Reg.

* * *

It is a known fact that the Panchayat Raj Engineers are new to the
construction of Semi-Dense Bituminous Concrete Layer. Till now we are exposed to
only BT Surface Dressing, OGPC, Seal coat and the SDBC is a new concept to us.
Hence to guide the PR Engineers the specifications, design, construction, quality
control in execution of SDBC pavement layer are here with communicated for better
understanding and quality execution.

Preamble::
The Semi-dense bituminous concrete shall be used as a wearing course only
and shall not be laid directly over WBM or any granular base but to be laid on a
previously prepared bituminous bound surface. Being high cost specification SDBC
mixes should be properly designed for satisfactory performance and durability. It
can be constructed in a single or multiple layers ranging from 25mm to 100mm in
thickness. The SDBC is based on a controlled mix. The density achievement is the
basis in execution of SDBC and voids in the mix should any cost well with in 3 to 5%.

General guideline for Semi Dense Bituminous Concrete.

The work consists of construction, in a single or multiple layers of

bituminous concrete prepared as per specified job mixed formula, on previously
prepared bituminous base.

INGREDIENTS::

The Semi-dense bituminous concrete mix shall consist of binder, coarse

aggregate, fine aggregate and filler in suitable proportions.

Bitumen:

The bitumen shall be paving bitumen of Penetration Grade shall comply with
I.S. 73-1992 Specification for Paving Bitumen.
The bitumen shall be paving bitumen of penetration grade / Viscosity grade
with the range of 30/40 to 80/100 or ( VG 40 to VG 10 ). The grading of bitumen is
changed from Penetration Grade to Viscosity Grade vide IS 73-2006 to improve the
quality of Bitumen.
 The variability in performance at high temperature can be addressed by
adopting a viscosity graded bitumen specification (based on viscosity at 60 °C ) in lieu
of the current penetration graded specification (based on penetration at 25°C ), which
differs in properties at high temperature.

Bitumen can be classified into four types based on viscosity as given below.

INDIAN BITUMEN SPECIFICATIONS AS PER IS 73:2006

Sl.N
Characteristic Unit VG10 VG20 VG30 VG40 Test Method
o
Absolute viscosity at IS 1206(Part
1 Poises 800 1500 2400 3200
60°C , min 2) : 1978 II)
Kinematic viscosity IS 1206(Part
2 cst 250 300 350 400
at 135°C , min 3) : 1978
Flash Point,
IS 1209 :
3 Cleveland open cup, °C 220 220 220 220
1978
min.
Solubility in
4 IS 1216 :
Trichloroethylene, % wt 99 99 99 99
1978
%min

5 Penetration at 25°C , 80 to 60 to 50 to 40 to IS 1203 :

1/10 mm
100 gm, 5 sec. 100 80 70 60 1978

IS 1205 :
6 Softening Point, min °C 40 45 47 50
1978
7 Tests on residue from thin film oven test / RTFOT

a) Viscosity ratio at IS 1206(Part

4 4 4 4
60°C , max 2) : 1978
b) Ductility at 25°C
IS 1208 :
after thin film oven Cm 75 50 40 25
1978
test, min
VG-10 BITUMEN: VG-10 is widely used in spraying applications such as surface-
dressing and paving in very cold climate in lieu of old 80/100 Penetration grade. It is
also used to manufacture Bitumen Emulsion and Modified Bitumen products.

VG-20 BITUMEN: VG-20 is used for paving in cold climate & high altitude regions.

VG-30 BITUMEN: VG-30 is primarily used to construct extra heavy duty Bitumen
pavements that need to endure substantial traffic loads. It can be used in lieu of 60/70
Penetration grade.

VG-40 BITUMEN: VG-40 is used in highly stressed areas such as intersections, near toll
booths and truck parking lots in lieu of old 30/40 Penetration grade. Due to its higher
viscosity, stiffer Bitumen mixes can be produced to improve resistance to shoving and
other problems associated with higher temperature and heavy traffic loads.
IMPORTANT TESTS ON BITUMEN

a) VISCOSITY
b) SOFTENING POINT
 c) PENETRATION TEST at 25 degree C
d) DUCTILITY TEST
e) FLASH POINT TEST
f) SOLUBILITY TEST

VISCOSITY: It is an internal friction. The C.G.S. unit for the viscosity is poise. It can
be measured in lab by the following equipments.
a) capillary viscometer
i) Cannon – Manning Viscometer
ii) Asphalt Institute Vacuum Viscometer
iii) Tar Viscometer
b) Cup Viscometer
c) Tar viscometer

Viscosity at 135°C is a fair indicator of the ability of the bitumen to coat the
aggregate properly. The values are i) Absolute Viscosity at 60°C Min. for VG-30 -2400
poises, (ii) Kinematic Viscosity at 135°C Min. for VG-30 -350 cst.

Too viscous bitumen would result in inadequate and non uniform

coating of the aggregates.
Very low viscosity would again result in inadequate coating as the
bitumen will tend to bleed.
Therefore viscosity at 135°C is a true reflection of quality of bond that is likely
to be formed with the aggregates.

SOFTENING POINT:
The softening point is a empirical test and denotes the temperature at which
bitumen would behave more like a liquid and less like a solid under standard
conditions of heating and loading.
In this test a standard ring and ball apparatus is used. The sample is taken in a
standard mould and standard weights ( in the form of steel balls ) are placed on it. The
system is then heated in a water bath at a standard rate. The temperature at which
the bitumen coated steel ball touches the bottom of the beaker is called the softening
point temperature.
The softening point test is a very important as it is a fair indicator of melting
point of bitumen.
Bitumen with lower softening point tends to melt on the road in summer and
start flowing under the impact of temperature and traffic. Subsequently when bitumen
cools at night the road surface losses its original shape and becomes wavy. This mode
of failure of road due to bitumen is referred to as failure by rutting.
Bitumen with higher softening point, melt at higher temperature and have
better rutting resistance.
The values of softening point for VG-30 is 47°C min.

PENETRATION TEST :
The penetration of a bitumen material is the distance in 10 th of millimeter that
a standard needle will penetrate vertically into a sample of the material under
standard conditions of temperature, load and time i.e penetration at 25 degree C ,
100gms(sample) , 5 seconds (load applied).
The values of Penetration at 25°C for VG-30 is 50-70.
DUCTILITY TEST:
Ductility test is an empirical test which measures the cohesive strength of the
bitumen. In this test a standard size of bitumen sample is maintained at a constant
temperature. The sample is pulled at a constant rate and at a constant temperature,
the length at which the sample breaks is called the ductility of the sample.
 The values of Ductility at 25°C for VG-30 is min 40 cm.

FLASH POINT TEST:

Flash point test measures the flammability of Bitumen.
The values of Flash Point for VG-30 is min 220°C.

Coarse A ggregates : : The coarse aggregate for semi-dense bitumen concrete

should satisfy the criteria laid in MoRTH Table 500-14. Aggregate gradation is
indicated in MoRTH Table 500-15 and the SDBC should satisfy the Marshall
requirement indicated in MoRTH Table 500-15.

Fine A ggregates : : The fine aggregate shall be the fraction passing the 2.36mm
and retained on the 0.075 mm sieve consisting of crusher run screening, natural
sand or mixture of both.

Fillers : : The filler requirement normally met from material passing 90 sieve in fine
aggregates. If the filler material is deficient extra filler shall be added. The filler shall
be stone dust, hydrated lime, fly ash or cement etc.,free from organic impurities.

The grading requirement of mineral filler shall be as given in the table.

( TABLE 500-9 of MoRTH )

Cumulative % by Wt. of
Sl.No. IS Sieve
total aggregates.

1 0.600 mm 100

2 0.300mm 95-100

3 0.075mm 85-100
Composition of Semi- dense bituminous concrete pavement layers

( TABLE 500-15 of MoRTH 3rd Edn/ MOST Table 500-20 ) Grading-I

Sl.No. IS Sieve % Passing Remarks
1. 13.2 mm 100
2. 11.2 mm 88-100
Coarse Aggregates
3. 5.6 mm 42-64
4. 2.8 mm 22-38
5. 710 micron 11-24

6. 355 micron 7-18

Fine Aggregates
7. 180 micron 5-13
8 90 micron 3-9 Filler

As per Approved Data:

The gradation of aggregates is considered as follows in the approved data:

13.20 – 10 mm chips 20%

10 mm to 5 mm chips 38%
Less than 5 mm chips 40%
 Filler-cement) 2%.

Job M ix F ormula::
Being high cost specification SDBC mixes should be properly designed for
satisfactory performance and durability. Requirement of job mix formula is to give
Optimum Bitumen contents v/s Density and shall satify the Marshals values of
Min stability = 8.2 kN at 60°C, Flow = 2-4mm, Air Voids = 3-6%. The Job mix
formula for SDBC should be in accordance with clause 511.3 of Ministry’s
specifications and should be designed in lab and get approved from the
Engineer-in-Charge before implementation. The detailed procedure for Job Mix is
annexed to this circular.

Gradation of Mix::
The representative samples of the aggregates shall be tested in the design lab
and proper blend shall be worked out so as the final composition shall satisfy
gradation set forth below.( IS:2386 Part 1 Wet sieving method ).

Requirements for the mixture:

The quality requirements for individual ingredients of the mixture shall meet
the requirements set out below.

Physical Requirements for Coarse Aggregate

( TABLE 500-14 of MoRTH )

S.No Property Test Specification
. Max 5% passing
1. Cleanliness (dust) Grain size analysis
0.075mm sieve
Flakiness and Elongation
2. Particle shape Max 30%
Index (Combined)

Los Angeles Abrasion Value Max 35%

3. Strength*
Aggregate Impact Value Max 27%

4. Polishing Polish stone Value Min 55

Soundness:
5. Durability Sodium Sulphate Max 12%
Magnesium Sulphate Max 18%
6. Water Absorption Water absorption Max 2%

Coating & Stripping of Minimum retained

7. Stripping
Bitumen Aggregate Mixtures coating 95%
Water
8. Retained Tensile Strength Min 80%
Sensitivity

MARSHALL TEST :
The Marshall test consists of the manufacture of cylindrical specimens 102 mm
in diameter & 64 mm high by using a standard compaction hammer and a cylindrical
mould. The specimens are tested for their resistance to deformation at 60°C at a
constant rate of 50mm/min. in a testing rig. The top and bottom of the specimen
remain unconfined. The maximum load before failure is called Marshall Stability and
the amount of deformation of the specimen before failure is known as Marshall Flow.
The ratio of stability to flow is called Marshall Quotient and is an indicator of the
materials resistance to permanent deformation.

Marshall Properties Requirements::

Being high cost specification SDBC mixes should be properly designed for
satisfactory performance and durability. The mix as designed and laid should
satisfy the requirements given in the following table.

Marshall Properties Requirements for Semi-Dense Bituminous Pavement

Layers

( TABLE 500-16 of MoRTH )

Requirement of property of mix

S.No. from Marshall Sample Standard
1. Minimum Stability (kN at 60°C) 8.2kN or 820kgs
2. Minimum flow (mm) 2
3. Maximum flow (mm) 4

4. Compaction level (No.of blows) 75 blows on each of the two

faces of the specimen
5. Percent Air Voids 3 -5
Percent Voids in mineral
6. 13-15
aggregate (VMA)

7. Percent Voids filled with 65 -75

bitumen (VFB)

Reasons for Poor performance of Asphalt mixes,

1. Inadequate initial compaction making the mix vulnerable to high secondary

compaction under traffic.
2. Relatively high asphalt contents that permit the reduction of air voids to less than
3% under secondary compaction, leading to rutting under heavy axle loads when
pavement temperatures rise in summer.
3. Low asphalt contents and high air voids in the mix leading to top-down cracking,
raveling and stripping making the mix less durable.
4. High voids >8% lead to permeability of water and air resulting in water damage,
oxidation, raveling, and cracking. Low voids <3% lead to rutting and shoving of the
asphalt mixture.

Laying::

If the existing base is extremely irregular and wavy, it may be considered worth
to lay a bituminous leveling course (Profile correction course) of adequate thickness to
avoid an excessive use of the costly surface course.
The surface shall be thoroughly swept clean by mechanical broom and dust
removed by compressed air.
Semi dense bitumen concrete carpet shall not be laid during rainy weather, or
when the base/binder course is damp or wet and temp below 15°C.
The temperature of the mix at the time of laying shall not exceed 160°C and
shall not be less than 120°C.
 A tack coat at the rate of 2.5 to 3.0 kg of bitumen per 10 sqm shall be given
over a bituminous base or binder course. The rate of spread of Bitumen can be tested
by a square plate of 200 x 200 x 3 mm thick laid on road surface before applying tack
coat and weighing the same after applying tack coat.

Rolling & Compaction::

Initially the rolling shall be with 8-10 T smooth wheeled roller, Intermediate with
vibratory roller or 12-15T pneumatic tyred roller and finish rolling with 6-8 Tonnes
smooth wheeled tandem rollers.
The each pass of the roller shall overlap the preceding one by half the width of
the rear wheel.
Rolling shall be continued till the desired density of not less than 98% of the lab
design density is achieved and all roller marks are eliminated.
Rolling operation shall be completed in every respect before the temperature of
the mix falls below 80°C.
After the mix is compacted, the thickness laid may be checked by a scaled
needle. The lesser thickness shall be corrected immediately. This shall also be
correlated with the measured area of the surface laid and the total plant output of the
mix in tonne.
For every 5oo Sqm or less of compacted surface, on field density test should be
conducted to determine the density of mix as laid and shall not be less than 98% of
the lab density.

Factors Influencing Compaction of Asphalt mixes

1) Type of Aggregates
2) Shape of Aggregates
3) Grading of mix
4) Residual moisture content in aggregates
5) Binder content
6) Viscosity of binder
7) Temperature of mix during compaction

Note: The first six requirements are taken care in the mix design, leaving temperature
of compaction as the single most important affecting the final result.

Opening to Traffic::

The newly laid surface shall not be open to traffic for at least 24 hours after
laying and the completion of compaction, without the express approval of the
Engineer in writing.

General Guidelines:
1) Loose thickness of BT – 37mm
2) Compacted Thickness of BT-25mm
3) Camber of BT Surface – 3.50%
i.e., 65mm or 2.5’’ level difference between edge and center shall be provided.
4) Super-elevation of 7% shall be provided on curves, i.e., about 262mm (10.5’’)
level difference between edge to edge sloping downward shall be maintained in
a width of 3.75m and for extra width the level difference shall be increased
accordingly.
5) Compaction is to be checked by sand replacement method. The Density of
the compacted BT layer should not be less than 2.30 gms /cc i.e.,-2308 Kg/cum
 6) Wt.of Sample in a pit of 15cm x 15cm size min. – 1298 gms
7) Wt.of Bitumen in a pit of 15cm x 15cm size min. – 58.44 gms
8)Mixing Temperature - 150°C -165°C, Laying Temperature-130°C -160°C,
Rolling Temperature-90°C -100°C min.

QUALITY CONTROLS::
 Periodic check of the aggregates at the gradation control unit or at the hot bin
gates should be made to see that the proportion of the aggregates as specified
in the designed job mix formula is complied with. The physical properties as
required in table 3 shall be determined as the rate of one test each for every
50-100 cum of aggregates.
 Periodic check on penetration and softening point of the binder should be done
as specified in IS 1203 & 1205.
 The aggregate temperature at the end dryer should be checked periodically and
never exceed 163°C. A tolerance upto 10°C on the lower side may be
permitted.
 The bitumen temperature should be well within the limits specified. The
viscosity of heated bitumen shall be between 150 and 300 centi stokes for
which normal temperature range for paving bitumen is 150°C to 177°C.
 At no time the difference in temperature between aggregates and bitumen
should exceed 14°C.
 Atleast one sample for every 100t of bituminous mix discharged at the pugmill
chute or a minimum of one sample per plant per day shall be collected and the
following tests done.

a) 3 Marshall specimens shall be compacted and tested for the average

stability, flow, voids content and density. The value should closely follow the
lab design values.
b) Bitumen shall be extracted from about 1000gm of the mix and bitumen
content is determined.
c) A sieve analysis of the aggregates after the bitumen is extracted shall be
done and the gradation determined.
The permissible variation of the individual percentages of the various
ingredients in the actual mix from the job mix formula shall be within the limits
indicated below.

PERMISSIBLE VARIATIONS FROM THE JOB MIX FORMULA ( MoRTH TABLE 500-
13)

Permissible variation by
S.No Description of Ingredient
weight of Total Mix ( in %)
1 Aggregate passing 13.2mm or larger sieve ± 8%
Aggregate passing 11.2mm sieve or 5.6mm
2 ± 7%
sieve
3 Aggregate passing 2.8mm sieve or 1.4mm sieve ± 6%
4 Aggregate passing 710 µ sieve or 355 µ sieve ± 5%
5 Aggregate passing 180 µ or sieve ± 4%
6 Aggregate passing 90 µ sieve ± 3%
7 Bitumen Content ± 0.3%
8 Mixing Temperature ± 10%

Surface Finish and Quality Control

 The longitudinal profile of the finished surface shall be treated with a straight
edge 4.50m long parallel to the center line and the transverse profile with a camber
template. Any irregularity greater than 6mm shall be corrected.

 Surface Evenness SDBC Course::

The surface unevenness of completed SDBC course in longitudinal and

transverse directions shall be with in the limits specified in Table 1 & 2 of IRC:SP:16-
2004 “Guidelines for Surface Evenness of Highway Pavements".

Permissible Surface Unevenness for SDBC

Sl. Description of Layer Longitudinal Profile measured Transverse Profile

No. with a 3-Metre Straight Edge
Max.Permissi Maximum No. Of Max. Permissible
ble Surface undulations variation from
Un- permitted in any specified profile
evenness. 300M length. under camber
template.
1 SDBC 6 mm 40 Nos 4 mm

RECOVERIES::

 Recovery for Shortfall in Thickness / Quantity / Weight for all items

of road works (Vide Govt. in PR&RD Dept Memo No.15320/VIG.I/2005-1, dated
12.5.2006)

Shortfall in Thickness / Quantity / Recovery

Weight
Upto 10% Twice the Agr. Rates
10-20% Thrice the Agr. Rates
>20 Rejection & Redone.

 Responsibility for the lapses:

If Average of all Deficiencies found Responsible

More than 10% AEE
More than 15% AEE & DyEE
More than 20% AEE , DyEE & EE

All the Field Officers are requested to go through the above instructions and it
is expected a flawless systematic process of SDBC Construction meticulously, here
after in respect of all items involved in the process of SDBC construction..

( Neelakanteshwar Yedla)
neelakantyedla@gmail.com
Dy. Executive Engineer,
 (PR) Vig& QC Sub-Division, Nalgonda.

Encl:-
1) IRC 95-1987 Code on SDBC.
2) HP Bitumen Handbook

To,
The Executive Engineer (PR) PIU Nalgonda, PRI Miryalaguda with a request to
communicate the same to all field Engineers under their control.
Copy to all DyEE’s /AEE’s through EE’s concerned.
C/S to the Executive Engineer (PR) Vig & QC Division Mahbubnagar/Hyderabad for
favour of information.

SEMI DENSE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE

Calculation of loose thickness (approximate ) as per data

Out put as per data = 195.00 cum

Corresponding area for 25mm thickness, for 195 cum = 195.00/0.025
= 7800.00 Sqm
Volume of aggregate as per data = 286.50 cum
Hence loose thickness = 286.50/7800
= 0.03673
m (or)
Loose thickness = 36.73 mm

Calculation of weight of sample for pit size of 0.15m x 0.15m for

25mm thickness ( approximate ) as per data

Volume of mix as per data =195.00 cum

Weight of mix as per data = 450tonnes (or) 450000
kgs
Density of mix = 450 / 195
=2307.69 kg/cum
Weight of sample excavated from
pit size 0.15m x 0.15m = 0.15 x 0.15 x 0.025 x
2307.69
= 1298.08 gms
Weight of metal chips excavated from
pit size 0.15m x 0.15m = 0.15 x 0.15 x 0.03673 x
1500
= 1239.64
Hence weight of bitumen = 1298.08 - 1239.64
Weight of bitumen for 25mm thick = 58.44 gms or 4.50 % of
BT

Calculation of Filler material (Cement) (approximate ) as per data

Corresponding area for 25mm thickness, for 195 cum = 195.00/0.025
= 7800.00 Sqm
= 7800 /
3.75
Length = 2080 mts

As per data weight of aggregate = 450-20.25 = 429.75 tonnes

As per data Filler material = 2% by weight of aggregate

= 429.75 x 2
/100
= 8.95 MT or
8595 Kgs
or 171.90
bags
=
171.90/2.080
= 82.64
bags per KM
Cement ( Filler material) Rate (appx.) Rs 300/- per bag
Works out to = 82.64 x 300 = Rs 24792/KM
Note :- These calculations are approximate and prepared for guidance to field
staff, however actual calculations shall be based on the design mix.

ANNEXURE - II

Job Mix Formula ( Cl.507.3.3 of MoRTH) :

The Contractor shall inform the Engineer in writing, at least 20 days before the
start of the work, of the job mix formula proposed for use in the works, and shall give
the following details:

(i) Source and location of all materials;

(ii) Proportions of all materials expressed as follows where each is applicable
(a) Binder type, and percentage by weight of total mixture;
(b) Coarse aggregate/Fine aggregate/Mineral filler as percentage by weight of
total aggregate including mineral filler;
(iii) A single definite percentage passing each sieve for the mixed aggregate
(iv) The individual gradings of the individual aggregate fractions, and the proportion
of each in the combined grading.
(v) The results of tests enumerated in Table 500-11 as obtained by the Contractor;
(vi) Where the mixer is a batch mixer, the individual weights of each type of
aggregate, and binder per batch,
(vii) Test results of physical characteristics of aggregates to be used;
(viii) Mixing temperature and compacting temperature.

 While establishing the job mix formula, the Contractor shall ensure that it is
based on a correct and truly representative sample of the materials that will
actually be used in the work and that the mixture and its different ingredients
satisfy the physical and strength requirements of these Specifications.
  Approval of the job mix formula shall be based on independent testing by the
Engineer for which samples of all ingredients of the mix shall be furnished by the
Contractor as required by the Engineer.
 The approved job mix formula shall remain effective unless and until a revised
Job Mix Formula is approved. Should a change in the source of materials be
proposed, a new job mix formula shall be forwarded to the Engineer for approval
before the placing of the material.

Plant trials - permissible variation in job mix formula:

Once the laboratory job mix formula is approved, the Contractor shall carry out
plant trials at the mixer to establish that the plant can be set up to produce a uniform
mix conforming to the approved job mix formula.
The permissible variations of the individual percentages of the various
ingredients in the actual mix from the job mix formula to be used shall be within the
limits as specified in Table 500- 13. These variations are intended to apply to
individual specimens taken for quality control tests in accordance with Section 900.
Once the plant trials have demonstrated the capability of the plant, and the
trials are approved, the laying operation may commence. Over the period of the first
month of production for laying on the works, the Engineer shall require additional
testing of the product to establish the reliability and consistency of the plant.

Laying Trials:
Once the plant trials have been successfully completed and approved, the
Contractor shall carry out laying trials, to demonstrate that the proposed mix can be
successfully laid, and compacted. The laying trial shall be carried out on a suitable
area which is not to form part of the works, unless specifically approved in writing, by
the Engineer. The area of the laying trials shall be a minimum of 100 sq. m. of
construction similar to that of the project road, and it shall be in all respects,
particularly compaction, the same as the project construction, on which the
bituminous material is to be laid.

The Contractor shall previously inform the Engineer of the proposed method for
laying and compacting the material. The plant trials shall then establish if the
proposed laying plant, compaction plant, and methodology is capable of producing
satisfactory results. The density of the finished paving layer shall be determined by
taking cores, no sooner than 24 hours after laying, or by other approved method.
Once the laying trials have been approved, the same plant and methodology shall be
applied to the laying of the material on the project, and no variation of either shall be
acceptable, unless approved in writing by the Engineer, who may at his discretion
require further laying trials.
 ANNEXURE - III

QUALITY CONTROL TESTS AND THEIR MINIMUM FREQUENCY FOR

SEMI DENSE BITUMINOUS CONCRETE

Sl.N
Test Frequency
o
1 Quality of Binder 2 Samples for Lot
1 test for 50cum of
2 Aggregate Impact Value
aggregates
3 Flakiness/Elongation Index of Aggregates -do-
4 Stripping Value 1 Set of 3 Specimens
5 Water absorption of Aggregates
6 Sand equivalent test As required
7 Stone polishing value As required
8 Mix Grading 2 Tests for day
9 Stability of Mix ( by Marshal Test) 2 Tests for day
10 Water Sensitivity of Mix As required
11 Swell Test on the Mix As required
Temperature of Binder, Aggregates at plant &
12 Regular Intervals
Mix at the time of laying and rolling.
1 Test for 400t. Min 2
13 Binder Content
Tests for day.
1 Test for 400t. Min 2
14 Gradation of Mix
Tests for day.
 Regular check on Wt.of
15 Rate of spread of Mixed materials mix and thickness of
layer.
16 Density of compacted layers 1 Test for 250 Sqm area