Faculty of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Department

Engineering Materials Science

AME 2510
Lecture 1
Instructor:
A. Prof. Dr. Yasser Fouad
Associate Prof. of Mechanical Engineering
yfouad@ksu.edu.sa
Office: F-94

Chapter 1 -
AME 2510 : Engineering Materials
Science
Course Objective...
Introduce fundamental concepts in Materials
Science
You will learn about:
• material structure
• how structure dictates properties
• how processing can change structure
This course will help you to:
• use materials properly
• realize new design opportunities
with materials

Chapter 1 - 2
 LECTURES
Lecturer: A. Prof. Dr. Yasser Fouad
Time: Tuesday-Thursday , 11:00 AM-12:00 PM
Lab: Monday, 3:00 PM to 5:00 PM
Location: Branch campus in Al Muzahimiyah
Activities:
• Present new material
• Announce reading and homework
• Take quizzes and midterms*

*Make-ups given only for emergencies.

*Discuss potential conflicts beforehand.

Chapter 1 - 3
 RECITATIONS
Instructor: A. Prof. Dr. Yasser Fouad
Times and Places:

Wednesday 10:00 AM _____ 11:00 AM

Purpose:
• Discuss homework, quizzes, exams
• Hand back graded quizzes, exams
• Discuss concepts from lecture
Recitations start next week.
Try to attend your registered recitation.
If necessary, attend an alternate recitation. Chapter 1 - 4
 LABORATORY SECTIONS
Instructor: A. Prof. Dr. Yasser Fouad

Location: King Saud main campus Riyadh

Purpose: To learn more about materials by relating
lecture material with observations. Also to learn to properly
formulate and write engineering reports and proposals.

Chapter 1 - 5
 TEACHING ASSISTANTS

Name Office Tel. E-mail

Teaching Assistants will

• participate in recitation sessions,
• have office hours to help you with course material
and problem sets.

Chapter 1 - 6
 OFFICE HOURS
???????-?????? AM !!!!!! **

**Contact professors for special arrangements

Activities:
• Discuss homework, quizzes, exams
• Discuss lectures, book
• Pick up missed handouts
Chapter 1 - 7
 COURSE MATERIALS (with text)
Required text:
• Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction,
W.D. Callister, Jr. and D.G. Rethwisch, 8th edition,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (2010).

Optional Material:

• Introduction to Materials Science for Engineers,

J. F. Shackelford, Prentice Hall.

Chapter 1 - 8
 COURSE MATERIALS
(with WileyPLUS)
Required text:
• WileyPLUS for Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction,
W.D. Callister, Jr. and D.G. Rethwisch, 8th edition, John Wiley
and Sons, Inc. (2010).
Website: http://www.wileyplus.com/xxxxxxxxxxx

Chapter 1 - 9
 WEBSITES
Course Website: soon
• Syllabus
• Lecture notes
• Answer keys
• Grades

Text Website: http://www.wiley.com/college/callister

• VMSE for 3D visualization and manipulation of atomic structures
• Mechanical Engineering and Biomaterials online support modules
• Case studies of materials usage
• Extended learning objectives
• Self-assessment exercises

Chapter 1 - 10
 Virtual Materials Science &
Engineering (VMSE)
Website: http://www.wileyplus.com/college/callister
Student Companion Site
• Users can manipulate molecules and crystals to
better visualize atomic structures
• Unit cells such as BCC, FCC, HCP
• Crystallographic planes, directions, and defects
• Polymer repeat units and molecules
• Diffusion computations

Chapter 1 - 11
 GRADING
Weekly or biweekly in-lecture quizzes 20%
Held on _____ at the beginning of class
Based on core homework problems
Your lowest quiz grade will be dropped

Assignments 5%
Lab reports and exam 15 %
Midterm 20%
Tentatively scheduled for:
Material covered:

Final 40%
Tentatively scheduled for:
Material covered:

Chapter 1 - 12
 READING SCHEDULE
• Introduction to materials, Materials science and engineering, Classification (metals, ceramics,
polymers, composites). Advanced Materials.
• Structure of atom, bonding and coordination in metals, polymers and ceramics. Effect of atomic
bonding on thermal and mechanical properties.
• Structure of metals (lattices, crystals, crystal directions, planes). Crystalline and non-crystalline
solids. Indices and densities, polymorphism and allotropy. Structure of Ceramics. Structure of
polymers.
• Imperfections in crystalline solids; point, linear and planar defects. Microscopic Examinations.
• Diffusion mechanisms, Steady state diffusion.
• Mechanical properties (elastic and plastic deformation, slip systems and deformation
mechanisms). Mechanical testing (tensile, torsion, bending, impact, hardness). Mechanism of
Strengthening in Metals, Annealing; recovery, recrystallization and grain growth.
• Equilibrium-phase diagrams, their construction and types, phase changes, and phase quantities.
Relation between phases and properties.
• Applications and processing of metal alloys. Ferrous and nonferrous alloys, Thermal processing of
metals. Standard classifications of Metals
• Ceramics and Glasses.
• Polymers

Chapter 1 - 13
 Note:

• Failure to hand in credit work by 1:30 p.m. on the

date due will result in a credit assignment of 0
unless arrangements have been made with the
Instructor. All credit work must be completed
and submitted or an ‘F’ may be assigned for the
overall course grade.

Chapter 1 - 14
 Note:

• You are responsible for your own grade. Keep

track of your progress. Grade records will be
available for review periodically during the
course. Promptly disclose any discrepancies
between your records and those of the
instructor.

Chapter 1 - 15
 Note:

• Don’t let scheduling problems build up and bring

you down. Speak to your instructor if you
foresee any problems with meeting any deadlines!

Chapter 1 - 16
Numerical Letter Grade Conversion:

A+ 90-100 B- 70-72
A 85-90 C+ 60-70
A- 80-84 C 50-60
B+ 76-79 D 40-49
B 73-75 F less than 40

Chapter 1 - 17
 Email me or visit me at my office
I welcome both modes of communication
Chapter 1 - 18
 Chapter 1 - Introduction
• What is materials science?
• Why should we know about it?

• Materials drive our society

– Stone Age
– Bronze Age
– Iron Age
– Now?
• Silicon Age?
• Polymer Age?

Chapter 1 - 19
 Example – Hip Implant
• With age or certain illnesses joints deteriorate.
Particularly those with large loads (such as hip).

Adapted from Fig. 22.25, Callister 7e. Chapter 1 - 20

 Example – Hip Implant

• Requirements
– mechanical
strength (many
cycles)
– good lubricity
– biocompatibility

Adapted from Fig. 22.24, Callister 7e.

Chapter 1 - 21
Example – Hip Implant

Adapted from Fig. 22.26, Callister 7e. Chapter 1 - 22

 Hip Implant
• Key problems to overcome
– fixation agent to hold Ball
acetabular cup
– cup lubrication material
– femoral stem – fixing agent
Acetabular
(“glue”)
Cup and Liner
– must avoid any debris in cup

Femoral
Stem
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph,
Chapter 22, Callister 7e.

Chapter 1 - 23
 Example – Develop New Types of
Polymers
• Commodity plastics – large volume ca. $0.50 / lb
Ex. Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Polystyrene
etc.

• Engineering Resins – small volume > $1.00 / lb

Ex. Polycarbonate
Nylon
Polysulfone
etc.

Can polypropylene be “upgraded” to properties (and price) near

those of engineering resins?

Chapter 1 - 24
 Structure, Processing, & Properties
• Properties depend on structure
ex: hardness vs structure of steel

(d)
600
Hardness (BHN)

30 mm
500 (c)
Data obtained from Figs. 10.30(a)
400 (b) and 10.32 with 4 wt% C composition,
(a) and from Fig. 11.14 and associated
4 mm discussion, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
300 Micrographs adapted from (a) Fig.
10.19; (b) Fig. 9.30;(c) Fig. 10.33;
30 mm
30 mm and (d) Fig. 10.21, Callister &
200 Rethwisch 8e.

100
0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (ºC/s)
• Processing can change structure
ex: structure vs cooling rate of steel
Chapter 1 - 25
 Types of Materials
• Metals:
– Strong, ductile
– High thermal & electrical conductivity
– Opaque, reflective.

• Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding  sharing of e’s

– Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
– Thermal & electrical insulators
– Optically translucent or transparent.

• Ceramics: ionic bonding (refractory) – compounds of metallic

& non-metallic elements (oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
– Brittle, glassy, elastic
– Non-conducting (insulators)

Chapter 1 - 26
 The Materials Selection Process
1. Pick Application Determine required Properties
Properties: mechanical, electrical, thermal,
magnetic, optical, deteriorative.

2. Properties Identify candidate Material(s)

Material: structure, composition.

3. Material Identify required Processing

Processing: changes structure and overall shape
ex: casting, sintering, vapor deposition, doping
forming, joining, annealing.

Chapter 1 - 27
 ELECTRICAL
• Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
6 Adapted from Fig. 18.8, Callister &
Rethwisch 8e. (Fig. 18.8 adapted
5 from: J.O. Linde, Ann Physik 5, 219
(1932); and C.A. Wert and R.M.
Resistivity, r

Thomson, Physics of Solids, 2nd

(10-8 Ohm-m)

4 edition, McGraw-Hill Company, New

York, 1970.)

3
2
1
0
-200 -100 0 T (ºC)
• Adding “impurity” atoms to Cu increases resistivity.
• Deforming Cu increases resistivity.
Chapter 1 - 28
 THERMAL
• Space Shuttle Tiles: • Thermal Conductivity
-- Silica fiber insulation of Copper:
offers low heat conduction. -- It decreases when
Adapted from chapter- you add zinc!
opening photograph,
Chapter 17, Callister &

Thermal Conductivity
Rethwisch 3e. (Courtesy 400
of Lockheed
Missiles and Space
300

(W/m-K)
Company, Inc.)

200

100
0
0 10 20 30 40
Composition (wt% Zinc)
Adapted from Adapted from Fig. 19.4, Callister & Rethwisch
Fig. 19.4W, Callister 8e. (Fig. 19.4 is adapted from Metals Handbook:
6e. (Courtesy of Properties and Selection: Nonferrous alloys and
Lockheed Aerospace Pure Metals, Vol. 2, 9th ed., H. Baker,
Ceramics Systems, (Managing Editor), American Society for Metals,
Sunnyvale, CA) 1979, p. 315.)
(Note: "W" denotes fig.
100 mm is on CD-ROM.) Chapter 1 - 29
 MAGNETIC
• Magnetic Storage: • Magnetic Permeability
-- Recording medium vs. Composition:
is magnetized by -- Adding 3 atomic % Si
recording head. makes Fe a better
recording medium!

Magnetization
Fe+3%Si

Fe

Fig. 20.23, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
Magnetic Field
Adapted from C.R. Barrett, W.D. Nix, and
A.S. Tetelman, The Principles of
Engineering Materials, Fig. 1-7(a), p. 9,
1973. Electronically reproduced
by permission of Pearson Education, Inc.,
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey.

Chapter 1 - 30
 OPTICAL
• Transmittance:
-- Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or
opaque depending on the material structure.

polycrystal: polycrystal:
single crystal low porosity high porosity

Adapted from Fig. 1.2,

Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
(Specimen preparation,
P.A. Lessing; photo by S.
Tanner.)

Chapter 1 - 31
 DETERIORATIVE
• Stress & Saltwater... • Heat treatment: slows
-- causes cracks! crack speed in salt water!

crack speed (m/s)

10-8 “as-is”
“held at
160ºC for 1 hr
before testing”
10-10 Alloy 7178 tested in
saturated aqueous NaCl
solution at 23ºC

increasing load
Adapted from Fig. 11.20(b), R.W. Hertzberg, "Deformation and
Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials" (4th ed.), p. 505, John
Adapted from chapter-opening photograph, Wiley and Sons, 1996. (Original source: Markus O. Speidel, Brown
Chapter 16, Callister & Rethwisch 3e. Boveri Co.)
(from Marine Corrosion, Causes, and
Prevention, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.) 4 mm
-- material:
7150-T651 Al "alloy"
(Zn,Cu,Mg,Zr)

Adapted from Fig. 11.26,

Callister & Rethwisch 8e. (Provided courtesy of G.H.
Narayanan and A.G. Miller, Boeing Commercial Airplane
Company.) Chapter 1 - 32
 SUMMARY
Course Goals:
• Use the right material for the job.

• Understand the relation between properties,

structure, and processing.

• Recognize new design opportunities offered

by materials selection.

Chapter 1 - 33