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A closer look on instructional surface focus of this chapter which gives you the knowledge on selection, benefits, limitation
and problems of the recognized software. Also, the purposes on benefits of other software support tools which are helpful
in producing specific outputs such as creation of brochures, certificates, tests, presentations, web pages, and the like are
describe in this chapter.
Intended Learning Outcome
At the end of this chapter, you are expected to:
Create an instructional software that can be used in teaching and learning.
Tutorial Software
Selecting
Extensive Interactivity – Regular and thorough responses to questions must be regularly given along the tutorial to questions
must be regularly given along the tutorial to continuously guide students learning.
Thorough User Control – Navigation buttons must always be present to aloe students to go around the program and give
them the program and give them the freedom to return or move forward or even end the program at their own pace.
Appropriate Pedagogy – The instruction must provide complete and sufficient explanation, examples, and demonstration
when necessary to enable the students to understand the lesson well. The lessons, examples, and exercises must be
arranged logically and sequentially.
Adequate Answer-Judging and Feedback Capabilities – When students are asked to answer in short responses, all possible
answers must be included in the program. Appropriate feedback must likewise be present wherein answers will be provided
by the program after 2-3 tries rather than frustrating the students of requiring them to supply the answer which they do not
know.
Adequate Graphics – Graphics should always support the topic being discussed. These should always be in line and
appropriate for the instruction.
Adequate Record Keeping – Summary of progress report of students must be present and can be easily accessed by the
teacher to enable them to keep the track of the student’s performance.
BENEFITS
The benefits enumerated in the drill – and – practice software are also the same benefits of the tutorial software.
Tutorial are self-contained and self-paced instruction which allows students to learn at their own time.
SIMULATION SOFTWARE
Selecting
There is a realistic and accurate representation of a system. Clear set of directions must be present in the
software; models a real or imaginary system. Can model physical phenomena, procedures, and hypothetical situations.
The impact of actions must be clearly seen.
Benefits
Compress Time – Students do not have to wait for the living to grow and develop its cycle in real time for this can be
presented in the stimulation software in just a couple of minutes.
Slow Down Process – Events or processes that happen that is invisible to the human eye can actually be played in slow
motion to enable he students to see how such event or process happens in reality.
Get students Involved – The participation of the students is necessary for them to be able to learn what may happen in a
particular situation.
Make Experimentation Safe – Simulation software is best in keeping the students safe I learning things like driving
vehicles, handling volatile substances, search and rescue situation etc.
Make the Impossible Possible – Waking on the moon, traveling to the universe, witnessing the volcanoes erupt, are just a
few examples of allowing the students to experience the impossible and learn the possible.
Save Money and other Resources – Though learning by doing is the best learning experience, simulation software may
still give rightful learning experience at a fraction of the cost, like dissecting animals, hardware unit, and the like.
Allow Repetition with Variations – Simulations allow students to repeat events many times as they master the lesson they
wish to learn.
Allow Observation of Complex Processes – Simulation software makes learning and understanding of complex lessons
and processes easier for students to see what is happening.
INSTRUCTIONAL GAMES
SELECTING
Appealing Formats and Activities – Adventure and levels of complexity that match learners’ abilities fun learning.
Instructional Value – Instructional game should serve as educational and motivational tools which give importance to the
value of learning.
Physical Dexterity is Reasonable – The purpose of motivating the students should be evident in the instructional game
and not the other way around. However, if the object of the game is to learn physical dexterity (e.g. for students with
physical challenges), the focus of the game should be learning context-area skills, rather than physical dexterity. The level
of physical dexterity for content-area games should be untroublesome to all students.
Social, Societal, and Cultural Considerations – Instructional games should highlight positive messages rather than war
and violence among peoples of different nations, beliefs, and cultures.
Benefits
Games are more interesting than traditional instruction (Randal et al., 1992)
Retention of information is longer
Assists teachers to get students to focus on the topic
Makes learning more engaging and motivational (Ash, 2011; Corbett, 2010;Squire, 2005)
Limitations and Problems
Learning versus Having Fun- Some schools disagree in incorporating games in instruction for they believe that games
draw away the attention of the students from the real purpose and that is learning the lesson. The focus of the students is
toward winning the game of instruction/learning.
Confusion of Game Rules and Real-Life Rules-Rules in games differ from rules in real-life. Game rules may give students
difficulty in transferring the skills learned through games to real-life situations.
Inefficient Learning- Balance between motivation and learning must be maintained the classroom so not to lose the value
of education when using instructional games.
Classroom Barriers- Instructional games sometimes cannot be implement in the classroom due to some difficulties
encountered, such as requirements of the game software do not match with the specifications of computers in schools,
some teachers have negative views toward computer games, time needed to complete the game is longer than the
normal class hours, and others.
See the following sites for sample instructional game software:
Spore by Electronic Arts, Inc. – http://www.spore.com
Lure of the Labyrinth by Thinkport – http://www.labyrinth.thinkport.com
Jeopardy Review Generator by Super Teacher Tools –
http://www.superteachertools.com/jeopardy
Problem-Solving Software
Selecting
Teachers should see to it that the software should be able to develop the skills of the students in solving various kin=ds of
content-area problems. The software should also have the feature that would keep the interest of the students in moving
on in solving problems. The problems should be challenging to bring out the level best in the students.
Benefits
Promotes visualization in mathematics problem solving.
Fosters better understanding in visualization of abstract concepts.
Improve interest and motivation I doing problem-solving activities. This will allow students to become more active and
impulsive problem solvers.
Limitations and Problems
Effectiveness of Problem-Solving Software – The problem-skills that students supposed to be developing through the use
of the software may not actually be helping them to learn these skills though software catalog claims that it can foster
problem skills. The student may be enjoying in solving problems using the software but they are not actually learning or
developing the skills needed. Teachers have use the problem-solving software first to confirm its effectiveness that it truly
achieves the end-results of developing skills in problem-solving.
Suitability in Learning Strategy of the Students – The instructional strategy of the problem-solving software may not suit
the learning strategy of the students, thus will limit their learning and developing of problem-solving. The kind of
instructional strategy of the software may bring negative effects in directed instruction .
See the following sites for sample problem-solving software:
Memory challenge by the Critical Thinking Co. - http://www.criticalthinkin.com
Sequences by the Tool Factory, Inc, - http://www.toolfactory.com
Crazy machines by Viva Media LLC –http://www.vivamedia.com
Software Support tools
It is undeniably true, as mentioned in the previous chapter, that the productivity software like word processing,
spreadsheets, presentation software, and the like, are helpful for both teachers and students in accomplishing their
respective tasks in supporting and meeting the requirements of teaching and learning.
This time, you will learn other software support tools that likewise benefit teachers in teaching and students in
learning in various classroom situations. These software support tools offer the following advantages:
Outlining and Concept Mapping Software Helps students to develop[ their writing skill to
Inspiration http://www.inspiration.com accomplished well written reports, short
Kidspiration http://www.inspiration.com/kidspiration stories, and other writing task.
SmartDraw https://www.smartdraw.com
Concept mapping software helps an individual
to explore and outline ideas to properly outline
his/her thoughts in writing the intended output.
Lesson Planners Guides teachers in preparing lesson plan and
PlanbookEdu http://planbookedu.com activities in a standard format.
ILessonPlan http://ilessonplan.com
MyLessonPlanner http://mylessonplanner.com
Scheduling, Calendar, and Time Management Tools Help teachers and students to plan their
FileBuzz Teacher Calendar Software activities and events daily, weekly, or monthly.
http://www.filebuzz.com/Educational/1.html This reminds the users of the events, duties,
http://www.webopedia.com and responsibilities to be accomplished.
Reel Logix Calendar Software http://www.thecalendarpalnner.com
Easy Schedule Makers http://www.patrena.com
Online Dictionaries and Thesauruses Helps teachers and students to widen their
Technology words: Webopedia http://www.webopedia.com vocabulary
Any words/thesaurus: Merriam-Webster http://www.merriam-webster.com
Any words/thesaurus: Dictionary.com http://dictionary.reference.com
Content Area Tools
Assist teachers and students in enriching their knowledge in a specialized content area, such as reading, math,
science, computer, art, music, language, social studies, drawing and technology education.
Example Software Tool Purposes and Benefits
CAD Systems Help student in creating models of buildings, houses, cars, and other
AutoCAD structures.
http://usa.autodesk.com
Alibre
http://www.alibre.com
Music Editors, Sequences, and MIDI Tools Helps students in developing their own musical piece and compositions.
iLike and Garageband
http://www.ilike.com
listing of MIDI products
http://www.midi.org
Reading Tools Help teachers to select stories that may be related to the topic they will be
readability calculation software teaching. Students motivation in reading would likely improve and have
http://www.readabilityformulas.com reading for enjoyment.
accelerated Reader AR
http://www.renlearn.com/ar
Microcomputer-based labs (MBL) Also known as probe ware. Assists teachers and students in
Calculator-based labs (CBL), and accomplishing their experiments that might need measuring of light,
Graphing temperature, voltage, and speed.
Calculators
vernierLabQuest Graphing calculators help in illustrating equations in graphs.
http://www.vernier.com
Calculator-based labs allow connection of probes or sensor to a graphing
calculator rather than to a computer.
Geographic Information Systems GSIS GSIS allows the users to study geographic locations.
and
Global Positions Systems GPS
ARCView GSIS
http://www.esri.com/software/arcview