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A correlation is a relationship between two variables. The data can be represented by the
ordered pairs (x, y) where x is the independent (explanatory) variable and y is the dependent
(response) variable.
In this section, we will first graph scatter plots and use it to determine whether a linear
correlation exists between two variables.
But, how strong is it? We will compute the correlation coefficient r: a measure of the strength
and direction a linear relationship between two variables.
n xy x y
r Where 1 r 1
n x x n y 2 y
2 2 2
First, make sure the Diagnostic is turned on (you only have to do this ONE time---not for
each problem).
o 2nd CATALOG (0 key)
o Scroll down long list until the arrow points to Diagnostic On
o Press ENTER ENTER
You can also use STAT PLOT (2nd Y = ) to draw scatter plots. Be sure to set the WINDOW
values to ranges that will display all of your data points.
In section 9.1, we learned how to determine if a linear correlation existed between two variables.
Now, we will find the equation of a line that ‘best models’ the data. That is called the
regression line, AKA the line of best fit.
After we determine the equation of the regression line, we’ll use it to predict the value of y for a
given value of x that is in the range of the data. Our regression line should not be used to
predict y-values that are well outside the range of the data.
Find the equation of the regression line. Then, construct a scatter plot and draw the regression
line. Then use the regression equation to predict the value of y for each given x-value, if
meaningful.
Now, let’s use the equation of the regression line to predict values:
Find the equation of the regression line. Then, construct a Scatter plot and draw the regression
line. Then use the regression equation to predict the value of y for each given x-value, if
meaningful.
y = ax + b
A = something
B = something