International Review on Modelling and Simulations (I.RE.MO.S.), Vol. 9, N.

3
ISSN 1974-9821 June 2016

Analytical Modelling of Elastic-Plastic Interference Fit Joints

N. Laghzale1, A. Bouzid2

Abstract – The interference fit is a widely process, used to produce a joint assembly of two parts
achieved by friction. It is a popular type of joint in machine elements and it is found in many field
applications related to the automotive, aerospace, oil and gas and shipbuilding industries.
Consequently, a better understanding of its limit behavior together with an accurate evaluation of
the residual stresses generated by this process are very important for the design of mechanical
components requiring high optimized performance. This work focuses on the analytical
development of the residual stresses when the two assembled parts are circular cylinders and
deform elasto-plastically under plane strain condition. The constitutive law that governs their
material strain hardening behavior is assumed to follow a general power law which also covers
the particular cases of elastic perfectly plastic and bilinear hardening. To validate the developed
analytical model (AM), the finite element method (FEM) was used and the results showed good
agreement between the two approaches.
The obtained results show that the stresses increase when the interference value increases causing
maximum stress intensity at the inner surface of the two assembled parts to exceed their material
yield stress. After hollow shaft plastic collapse, any increase in interference results in a small
increase in residual contact pressure with a large increase of the equivalent stresses localized at
the hollow shaft inner surface. The method could be used to determine the maximum value of the
interference in order to prevent assembly failure. Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. -
All rights reserved.

Keywords: Shrink Fit, Residual Stresses, Interference, Plastic Deformation

Nomenclature ur Radial displacement (mm)

Elastic modulus of the hollow shaft and r Radial coordinate (mm)
Es ,Ec
cylinder Ys  ro / ri Inner to outer diameter ratio of hollow
shaft
i Equivalent stress (MPa)
Yc  Ro / Ri Inner to outer diameter ratio of cylinder
 r , , z Stress (MPa)
Ysc  ro / rc Hollow shaftouter to plastic diameter ratio
 ys , yc Yield stress of the hollow shaft and
cylinder (MPa) Ycc  Ro / Rc Cylinderouter to plastic diameter ratio
i Equivalent strain (mm/mm) Cs ,Cc Hollow shaft and cylinder elasto-plastic
radii (mm)
 r , , z Strain (mm/mm)  Interference (mm)
As ,Bs Constants in Eq. (1)  ys Interference to yield hollow shaft inner
Ac ,Bc Constants in Eq. (2) face (mm)
m,n Strain hardening exponent  pcs Interference to cause plastic collapse of
 s , c Poisson ratios of the hollow shaft and hollow shaft (mm)
cylinder  ys Interference to yield cylinder inner face
Pi Pressure at the elastic-plastic interface (mm)
(MPa)
Pc Residual contact pressure (MPa) I. Introduction
Pcpcs Residual contact pressure required to
create plastic collapse of hollow shaft The interference fit joint also known as shrink fit is a
(MPa) type of bounding method used to join mechanical
ri ,ro components together while preventing any relative
Inner and outer hollow shaft radii (mm)
movement. This method of attachment that requires a
Ri ,Ro Inner and outer cylinder radii (mm) slight difference in the dimensions of the two assembled
rc ,Rc Hollow shaft and cylinder elasto-plastic components with one being inserted into the other is
radii (mm) common in many manufacturing and assembly processes.

Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved DOI: 10.15866/iremos.v9i3.8703

191
 N. Laghzale, A. Bouzid
The main advantage of an interference fit is that no
additional components such as screws, welds or
adhesives are needed to hold the assembled parts
together. The amount of the interference imposed to
create the joint is the main parameter that controls the
strength and the tightness of the bond. The exact amount
of interference is sometimes difficult to accomplish with
a tight tolerance causing the parts to be rejected.
In the case of higher interference the assembled parts
can deform elasto-plastically. The interference fit, as an
assembly process, received considerable attention in the
literature. The theory of elasticity is generally used to
treat this problem [1], [2] when the deformations remain
elastic. Gamer and Lance [3] analyzed the stresses and
strains in a shrink fit assembly under a plane stress state.
The effect of strain hardening was taken into
consideration by using a bilinear material behavior.
Tresca yield criterion was assumed and the geometric
model was taken as a disk mounted on a solid shaft. The
authors concluded that the residual contact pressure
increases with the increase of the tangent modulus and
remains constant and independent of the joint geometry
for small values of the interference. Giiven [4] developed
an analytical solution for an elasto-plastic assembly with
a linear strain hardening material behavior for a disk
varying thickness mounted on a solid shaft.
Zhang et al. [5] analyzed a shrink fit assembly using
FEM. They observed a different state of stress as
compared to the theoretical model in the vicinity of the
edges of the contact area. Özel et al. [6] analyzed the
distribution of stresses and strains of a shrink fit
assembly and came to the same conclusion. In their
study, the variation of the geometry of the joint was
considered. A significant effect of the gear geometry on
the stress distribution was observed in particular in the
vicinity of the edges of the gears contact surface. Lewis
et al. [7] developed an experimental technique based on
the propagation of ultrasound waves to measure contact
forces. They evaluated the interface contact pressure for
a number of different interference fit cases. Their results
showed a significant increase in the radial stress at the
edges of the interference fits.
The case of a shrink fit with a solid inclusion has been
investigated [8], [9]. Sen and Aksakal [10] studied the
stress state throughout the contact zone between shaft
and hub for different interference fits considering plastic
strains. They analyzed the stress distributions obtained
by FEM as a function of a dimensionless parameter
useful for designers. This parameter is the ratio between
contact length and shaft diameter. Yang et al. [11] used
both experimental and numerical techniques to analyze
the effect of surface roughness on the stresses and strains
of contact surface zones.
The results showed that these parameters are strongly
related to the fit intensity. Owing to the FEM high
capabilities, Cerdán et al. [12] were able to study the
influence of the position and geometry of a
circumferential notch formed in the hub on the residual
stress distributions.
Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
192
The analysis of the results shows that a judicious
choice of the notch geometric parameters can
significantly reduce stress concentration that generates on
the edge of the hub. Other authors have studied the
influence of the surface quality on the work conditions of
interference fit joints. Vekateswara et al. [13] studied the
influence of contact surfaces and heat treatments on the
interference fitted assemblies.
Although in the past the stresses and deformations
generated by interference fits have been the subject of
several analytical and experimental studies [14], [15], the
elasto-plastic characterization of the assembled parts still
remains a subject of focus. This paper focuses on the
effect of interference on the distribution of residual stress
beyond the elastic limit. An analytical model of an
axisymmetric interference fit composed by two cylinders
under a plain strain condition and based on Hencky
deformation theory is developed. The material strain
hardening behavior is considered to follow a power law.
To validate the analytic approach, the results of the
developed model were confronted to those obtained
using finite element analysis.
II. Analytical Model
II.1. Material Behavior and Geometry Characteristics
It is well established that for low values of the
interference  , deformations in the assembly remain in
the elastic range. However for sufficiently large values of
 and according to the geometrical and mechanical
characteristics of the materials, both joint parts can
undergo plastic deformations. In describing the material
behavior of the interference fit assembly parts, Eqs (1)
and (2) for the hollow shaft and cylinder respectively will
be adopted [16]. Fig. 1 shows the geometrical
characteristics of the interference fit assembly. The
material behavior laws are given by Eq. (1) and (2)
below:
 i  Es   i  if  i   ys 
(1)
 i  As  Bs   i m  if  i   ys 
 i  Ec   i  if  i   yc 
(2)
 i  Ac  Bc   i n  if  i   yc 
Ro
ro
Ri
ri
Fig. 1. Interference fit geometry prior to assembly
International Review on Modelling and Simulations, Vol. 9, N. 3
 N. Laghzale, A. Bouzid

II.2. Assumptions and Basic Equations Substituting Eq. (14) into Eq. (13) and then into Eq.
(10), gives:
An element of the hollow shaft or cylinder is
identified by its polar coordinates and the stress intensity
3 i
expression according to the three main components  r , r   r     (15)
4 i
  and  z is given by:
Substituting Eqs. (5) and (6) into Eq. (15), gives:
1
i   r    2      z 2   z   r 2  (3)
2 3 i
      r  (16)
4 i
while strain intensity  i for an incompressible material
is defined as: Substituting Eq. (14) into Eq. (3), gives:

2  3
i   r   2     z 2   z   r 2  (4) i      r  (17)
3  2

 r     z  0 (5) Substituting Eq. (17) into Eq. (7), gives:

Under plane strain condition: d r 2 i

 (18)
dr 3 r
z  0 (6)
Substituting Eq. (1) into Eq. (18) and integrating
The equilibrium equation is given by: gives:

d r  r    r r 2 dr
dr

r
0 (7) r d r  r
i i 3
 A B  
s
r
s i
m
(19)

The geometrical compatibility equations are given as: Eqs. (5) and (6) into Eq. (4), gives:

dur 2
r  (8) i   (20)
dr 3

ur Eqs. (20) and (9), gives:

  (9)
r
2 ur
Using Hencky deformation theory the constitutive i  (21)
3 r
equations are:
3 Substituting Eqs. (8), (9) and (6) into Eq. (5) gives:
 r  i  r   m  (10)
2 i
Cs
ur  (22)
3 r
   i     m  (11)
2 i
Substituting Eq. (22) into Eq. (21), gives:
3 i
z   z   m  (12) 2Cs
2 i i  (23)
r2 3
1
m   r      z  (13) In the plastic zone shown in Fig. 2, the radial stress is
3 obtained by substituting Eq.(23) into Eq.(19) and
integrating between ri and r such that:
Substituting Eqs. (6) and (12) into Eq. (13), gives:
m
1 2   r  Bs  2Cs  2 m

 z   r     (14) r   As ln       ri  r 2 m   (24)
2 3   ri  2m  3  

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 N. Laghzale, A. Bouzid

Knowing   r and substituting for  i in Eq. (17) using II.3.1. Elastic Deformation of the Hollow Shaft
Eq. (1) gives the tangential stresses as: and Cylinder
For low values of the interference  the residual
2    r   contact pressure is given by considering the radial
   As ln    1  displacement compatibility equation   urc  urs such
3    ri  
(25) that:
m 
Bs  2Cs  2 m 
    ri  r 2 m  2m  1   Pc  (26)
2m  3   K

K is aconstant which takes into account the

geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the joint
and for a plane strain case is given by:

1  c  Ri
K 1  2 c  Yc2  
  1
Ec Yc2
(27)
1  s  ro
1  2 s  Ys2  1

Es Ys  1 
2
 

The radial and tangential stresses are given by the

equations of Lamé.
Fig. 2. Shrink fit cross section

II.3.2. Elasto-Plastic Deformation of the Hollow Shaft

II.3. Problem Formulation and Solution
When the interference  reaches  ys , the hollow
To analyze the effect of the interference  on the
residual stress distributions, several deformation cases shaft inner surface plasticizes. This is the beginning of
may occur. the shaft elasto-plastic deformation. The expression of
When the interference values are low, the  ys is given by:
deformations in the shaft and in the cylinder remain in
the elastic range, and as they become larger, elasto-
plastic deformation takes place in the assembly.
 ys  K  ys
Ys
2
1  (28)
Furthermore, it is assumed that the hollow shaft begins Ys2 3
to undergo an elasto-plastic deformation first and once it
is fully plastic the cylinder is then subjected to elasto-
plastic deformation for    yc   ys . when the interference  is such that  ys     pcs then,
the hollow shaft section is divided into two zones; an
 ys  pcs  yc elastic and plastic zones separated by an interface radius

   rc shown in Fig. 2.
Elastic Elasto-plasatic Plastic Plastic collapse Using Eq. (23), substituting for  i using Eq. (1) and
deformation of deformation of collapse of the of the shaft
shaft and shaft, The shaft, the with elasto- noting that at the elasto-plastic interface r  rc , the
cylinder cylinder cylinder plasatic
remains in the deformation
equivalent stress  i is equal to the yield stress  ys
remains in the
elastic zone
Start plastic flow

elastic zone of the cylinder gives:

start plastic flow
of the cylinder
of the shaft

Plastic collaps
of the shaft

 ys rc2 3
Cs  (29)
2 Es

Eqs. (29) and (22), gives displacement in the plastic

Fig. 3. Deformation sequence region of the cylinder:
2
Depending on the mechanical and geometrical 3  ys rc
characteristics, the second case in which the cylinder ur  (30)
2 Es r
goes plastic first as is the common case with a solid
shaft. Nevertheless the first case is treated in this paper
with the given scenario shown in Fig. 3. The interface elastic-plastic radius rc is obtained by
the compatibility equation that considers the relative

Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review on Modelling and Simulations, Vol. 9, N. 3

194
 N. Laghzale, A. Bouzid

displacement of the cylinder and the hollow shaft elastic
zone at the interference radius. The elastic part of the
cylinder is considered to be under inside and outside
pressures while reaching yield at its inside radius;
therefore:
elastically. The stresses in the hollow shaft are given by
Eqs. (24) and (25).
The constant of integration Cs can be obtained by
considering the compatibility equation that combines the
hollow shaft displacement given by Eq. (22) and the
elastic displacement of the cylinder and noting that the

Pi  Pc  

 ys Ysc2  1  (31)
latter is subjected to a contact pressure that is equal to the
radial stress of the hollow shaft the expression of which
3Ysc2
is given by Eq. (24) replacing r by ro ;
Therefore:
Considering the above and noting that the inside
pressure Pi at the elastic-plastic interface is equal to the
2 1   c  Ri  r 
radial stress of the plastic zone given by Eq. (24) for 1  2 c 
 Yc2  As ln  o 
r  rc , the interface elastic-plastic radius rc is obtained   1
3Ec Yc2   ri 
(35)
by: m  C
B  2C 
m
 s  s
2m  3 
ri
2 m
 ro2 m    s   0
 ro
 2 
2   r  B   ys rc 
3 
As ln  c   s 
r
 i 2 m  E
 ri2 m  rc2 m
   
 The stresses in the cylinder are given by the Lamé
  s  
(32) equations

K 

2 1  c2 ro    Y 2 1
  K ys sc 
  0
 c E Y 2 1   c
 3Ysc2 II.3.4. Plastic Deformation of the Shaft with
 s sc  Elasto-Plastic Deformation of the Cylinder

1  c  Ri When the interference  reaches  yc , the hollow

Kc 
E Y  1
1  2
2 c  Yc2   shaft strain hardens while the cylinder starts to undergo
c c
(33) elastic-plastic deformation.
1  s  ro
1  2 s  Ysc2  1
Using the compatibility equation once again and
 noting that the contact pressure to stat yield is given by
Es Ysc2  1 
  
an equation similar to Eq. (31) with no external pressure,
the cylinder the expression of  yc is therefore obtained
In the elastic zones of the hollow shaft and the as:
cylinder, the radial and tangential stresses are given by
Lamé Equations.
 yc Ri Cs
 yc  1  c  1  2 c  Yc2   (36)
EcYc2 3 ro
II.3.3. Plastic Collapse of the Hollow Shaft
The hollow shaft undergoes plastic collapse when The constant of integration Cs is obtained by equating
   pcs . Its cross section completely plasticizes when the contact pressure that causes yield in the cylinder
rc reaches ro . Using the compatibility equation of the given by Eq. (31) to the radial contact stress given by Eq.
radial displacements and noting that the hollow shaft (24) such that:
displacement at its outer radius is given by Eq. (30)
m
replacing rc and r by ro , the interference at the plastic 2   ro  Bs  2Cs  
collapse  pcs is given by:
 As ln   
3 

 ri  2m  3 
 ri
2 m
 ro2 m   

(37)

1  c  Ri 3  ys ro

 yc Yc2 1
 pcs  1  2 c 
 Yc2 Pcpcs  (34) 3Yc2
  1
Ec Yc2 2 Es

when the interference  is    ys then, the cylinder is

Pcpcs is the residual contact pressure required to create
plastic collapse of the hollow shaft. Its expression is
given by Eq. (30) with Pcpcs   r and replacing rc and
r by ro . When  pcs     ys , the hollow shaft strain
hardens while the cylinder continues to deform
divided into two zones; an elastic zone and a plastic zone
separated by an interface radius Rc . The stresses in the
plastic zone of the cylinder are given by equations
similar to Eqs. (24) and (25) but for the cylinder with the
condition that the inner radius is subjected to the contact
pressure Pc :

Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review on Modelling and Simulations, Vol. 9, N. 3

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 N. Laghzale, A. Bouzid

TABLE I
2   r  GEOMETRICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS
 r   Pc   Ac ln   
3   Ri  Cylinder  yc  MPa  Ec  MPa  Ac Bc m
n
(38) SA-556M 362 210000 362 3512.5 1.299
Ac  2Cc  
 2 n 2 n  
   Ri  r 
2n  3    Shaft  ys  MPa  Es  MPa  As Bs n
SA-350FL2 328 210000 328 13055 1,539

2    r  
    Pc   Ac ln    1  Isoparametric 8-nodes plane strain elements were used
3    Ri   to model the hollow shaft and the cylinder. Because of
(39) symmetry only a quarter of the assembly was modelled.
n 
B  2C  Special contact and target elements were employed to
 c  c   Ri2 n  r 2 n  2n  1  
2n  3   model the contact surfaces of the assembly. The friction
between the mating surfaces was not considered as a
previous study on a similar work [17] showed that
where the constants Cc is given by Eq. (29) applied to friction has no significant impact on the final results
the cylinder while constant Cs is obtained using the A mesh convergence criterion was used to validate the
compatibility equation at the interface radius: FE model mesh refinement. In fact, the meshing was
refined until the change in the contact pressure was less
2 than 1%. The other parameters such as the stresses and
3  yc Rc
Cc  (40) displacements have been found relatively less sensitive to
2 Ec the mesh refinement. The characteristics given in Table I
were used for both the analytical and finite element
2
3  yc Rc simulations. The residual contact pressure analysis, as
Cs  ro  (41) well as the radial, tangential and equivalent stresses were
2 Ec plotted against the radial position for different values of
the interference  .
and the cylinder interface radius Rc is obtained as
follows. First the contact pressure is obtained by noting
that the radial stress of Eq.(38) at the interface radius is
equal to the pressure required to start yield and is given
by an equation similar to Eq. (31) with no external
pressure for the cylinder.
Then the contact pressure is made equal to the radial
stress in the hollow shaft given by Eq. (24) at the
interface contact radius such that:

 2 n 
 A ln  Rc  Bc   yc Rc 
 c  Ri   
 2n  Ec

  Ri2 n  Rc2 n  
 
   Fig. 4. FE model



 yc Ycc2  1    A ln  r o 
 s   (42) IV. Results and Discussion
2Ycc2   ri 
m Figs. 5, 6 and 7 show the distribution of the radial,
2 
B  2  ro  yc Rc  tangential and equivalent stress a function of radial
 s 
2m  3

Ec

 r i
2 m
 ro2 m  0
 position for various values of the interference  .
   Four cases were considered with both the analytical
and FE methods:   0.02 mm,   0.06 mm,   0.2
The stresses in the elastic zone of the cylinder are mm and   0.8 mm. The analytical results agree very
given by Lamé equations. well with the FE counterparts which put confidence on
the developed approach.
The selected interferences produce, respectively, an
III. Numerical FE Model Validation elastic deformation of the hollow shaft and the cylinder,
The developed analytical approach was validated an elasto-plastic deformation of the hollow shaft with
using the finite element model shown in Fig. 4 that runs elastic deformation of the cylinder, a plastic deformation
under ANSYS software. of the hollow shaft with elastic deformation of the
The geometrical and mechanical characteristics of the cylinder and a full plastic deformation of the hollow shaft
joint are shown in Table I below. with an elasto-plastic deformation of the cylinder.

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196
 N. Laghzale, A. Bouzid

50 which it becomes less significant and in particular when

the cylinder starts to undergo elasto-plastic deformations.
These results are confirmed by the variation of the
0 residual contact pressure as a function of the interference
Radial stress (MPa)

shown in Fig. 8. The rate of increase of the residual

contact pressure drop considerably for the values of the
-50
interference greater than  pys  0.0676 mm which is the
  0.02 mm interference required to produce hollow shaft plastic
  0.06 mm collapse. Fig. 9 shows the variation of the residual
-100   0.2 mm
  0.8 mm contact pressure as a function of the strain hardening
exponent m of the hollow shaft, while that of the cylinder
-150 is kept constant at n = 1.299. It shows that the residual
20 25 30 35 40 contact pressure decreases with shaft strain hardening
Radial position (mm) exponent increase and increases with an interference
increase as also confirmed by Fig. 8.
Fig. 5. Radial stress distribution
Once again there is a good correlation between the
400 analytical and FE results. This figure also shows that
when this exponent becomes sufficiently large, the
200 residual contact pressure becomes insensitive to the
Tangential stress (MPa)

interference and its normalized value tends to 0.31. It is

0 to be noted that, for fairly large values of m, the material
  0.02 mm behaves as an elastic perfectly plastic material.
-200   0.06 mm
  0.2 mm Fig. 10 gives the variation of the residual contact
  0.8 mm pressure as a function of the strain hardening exponent of
-400 the cylinder, while that of the hollow shaft is kept
constant at m = 1.539.
-600
140
-800
20 25 30 35 40
Residual contact pressure (MPa)

120
Radial position (mm)
100
Fig. 6. Tangential stress distribution
80
500 Analytical model
  0.02 mm Solid lines : Predicted byFE
present
modelmodel
60
  0.06 mm Dashed lines : FEM
400   0.2 mm
Equivalent stress (MPa)

40
  0.8 mm
20
300
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
200 Interference (mm)
Solid lines : FEM
Dashed lines : Predicted by present model Fig. 8. Residual contact pressure vs. interference
100
0.55
Pc /  y s

0 0.5
20 25 30 35 40
  0.06 mm
Radial position (mm)   0.07 mm
0.45
  0.1 mm
Fig. 7. Equivalent stress distribution   0.2 mm
0.4
The three interference values which give the limits
between the different cases shown in Fig. 3 are obtained 0.35
from Eqs. (28), (34) and (36) are respectively and are
 ys  0.0554 mm,  pcs  0.0676 mm and  yc  0.612 0.3
mm. The graphs show that the radial, tangential and 1 1.5 2 2.5
equivalent stresses increase with the increase of the m, n  1.299
interference. The rate of increase remains significant
Fig. 9. Residual contact pressure vs. strain hardening exponent
until the hollow shaft undergoes plastic collapse after

Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved International Review on Modelling and Simulations, Vol. 9, N. 3

197
 N. Laghzale, A. Bouzid
0.35
Pc /  y c
0.3
0.25
  0.06 mm
0.2   0.07 mm
  0.1 mm
  0.2 mm
0.15
1 1.5 2 2.5
n, m  1.539
Fig. 10. Pression résiduelle vs coefficient écrouissage
The residual contact pressure is essentially
independent of the strain hardening exponent.
It is clear that the torque transmitted by the assembly
is large when the residual contact pressure is large. It
increases when the interference is increased.
However, high values of interference can induce high
equivalent stresses exceeding the yield stress of the
material causing failure.
V. Conclusion
An analytical model was developed to analyze the
residual stresses in interference fit assemblies made of
two hollow cylinders. The stresses and deformations
were analyzed in the elasto-plastic range of both
assembly components induced by different values of the
interference.
The results of the analytical model compare very well
with the ones from FEM. The rate of increase of the
residual contact pressure remains significant until the
hollow shaft under goes plastic collapse. Passed this
state, any increase in interference results in a small
increase in residual contact pressure with a large increase
of the equivalent stresses localized at the hollow shaft
inner surface.
The magnitude of these stresses can quickly exceed
the yield stress of the assembly materials.
These results can be exploited to calculate the
maximum value of the interference to be used to avoid
damaging the assembly. The residual contact pressure
and the stresses increase with the interference increase.
However, the residual contact pressure decreases with
small values of the strain hardening exponent of the
hollow shaft but is insensitive to that of the cylinder.
Future work including experimental testing such as strain
gaged instrumented interference fit tests and pull-out
tests are recommended.
References
[1] Shigley J.E. & Mischke C.R.. Standard handbook of machine
design, 17.13-17.14, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988.
Copyright © 2016 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
198
[2] S. Timoshenko and J. N. Goodier. Theory of Elasticity. 3rd Edn.
McGraw-Hill, New York (1970).
[3] U. Gamer and R. H. Lance. Residual stress in shrink fits. Int. I.
Mech. Sci. Vol. 25, No. 7, pp. 465-470, 1983).
[4] U. Giiven. The shrink fit with elastic-plastic hub exhibiting
variable thickness. Aeta Meehanica 89, 65-72, 1991.
[5] Zhang Y., McClain B. & Fang X.D. Design of interference fits via
finite element method. International Journal of Mechanical
Sciences, 42: 1835-1850, 2000.
[6] Adnan Özel, Şemsettin Temiz, Murat Demir Aydin & Sadri Şen.
Stress analysis of shrink-fitted joints for various fit forms via
finite element method. Materials and Design, 26: 281-289, 2005.
[7] Lewis R., Marshall M.B. & Dwyer-Joyce R.S. Measurement of
interface pressure in interference fits. Journal of Mechanical
Engineering Sciences, Part C, 219(2): 127-139, 2005.
[8] U. GAMER and R. H. LANCE, Elastisch-plastische Spannungen
im Schrupfsitz. Forsch. Ing. -Wes. 48, 192, 1982.
[9] U. GAMER, Der elastisch-plastische QuerpreBverband bei
verschiedenen FlieBgrenzen von Innen- und AuBenteil. Forsch.
Ing. -Wes. $6, 166, 1990.
[10] Sen S. & Aksakal B. Stress analysis of interference fitted shaft-
hub system under transient heat transfer conditions. Materials and
Design, 25: 407-417, 2004.
[11] Yang G.M., Coquille J.C., Fontaine J.F. & Lambertin M.
Influence of roughness on characteristics of tight interference fit
of a shaft and a hub. International Journal of Solids and
Structures, 38: 7691- 7701, 2001.
[12] J.C. Pérez Cerdán et al.Analysis of contact stresses in interference
fit joints with circumferential round notch on the hub. 13th World
Congress in Mechanism and Machine Science, Guanajuato,
México, 19-25 June, 2011.
[13] Venkateswara Rao P., Ramamoorthy & B. Radhakkrishnan V.
Role of interacting surfaces in the performance enhancement of
interference fits. International Journal ofMachine Tools and
Manufacture. 35(10): 1375-1384, 1995.
[14] Parsons B. & Wilson E.A., A method for determining the surface
contact stresses resulting from interference fits. ASME, Journal of
Engineering for Industry, pages 208-218, February 1970.
[15] Peterson E. & Wahl A.M.. Fatigue of shafts at fitted members
with related photoelastic analysis. ASME, Journal of Applied
Mechanics, 57, 1935.
[16] Huang, X. P. 2005, “A General Autofrettage Model of A Thick-
walled Cylinder Based on Tensile-compressive Stress-strain
Curve of a material,” J. Stain. Anal., 40(6), pp. 599–607, 2005.
[17] Merah, N., Al-Zayer, A., Shuaib, A., and Arif, A., 2003, “Finite
Element Evaluation of Clearance Effect on Tube-to-Tubesheet
Joint Strength,” Int. J. Pressure Vessels Piping, 80_12_, pp. 879–
885.
Authors’ information
1
Université Mohammed V- Rabat (UM5R), ENSET de Rabat, Avenue
de l’Armée Royale, Madinat Al Irfane, 10100 Rabat Maroc.
E-mail: n.laghzale@um5s.net.ma
2
Ecole de Technologie Supérieure, Mechanical Eng. Dept., 1100, rue
Notre-Dame Ouest, Montréal, Québec, H3C 1K3, Canada.
Tel/Fax: 514-396-8563/8530
E-mail: hakim.bouzid@etsmtl.ca
Noreddine Laghzale was born in Agadir,
Morocco at 1966. He is currently a Professor
and university research professor at the
mechanical engineering department of ENSET,
Rabat Mohamed V University, Morocco. He
received his Ph. D degree from École de
Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, Canada. His
current research interests include analysis of
residual stresses in pressure vessels and piping, relaxation and creep in
the expanded tube-to-tubesheet joints. Dr. Laghzale is a member of
Laboratory Moroccan Innovation and Industrial Performance (LaMIPI).
International Review on Modelling and Simulations, Vol. 9, N. 3
 N. Laghzale, A. Bouzid

Abdel Hakim Bouzid is a graduate in

Abdel-Hakim
mechanical engineering from Nottingham
University, UK, 1981. He holds a master
Degree in Tribology from Leeds UnUniversity,
iversity, UK
in 1982. He has a Ph.D in bolted flanged
connection received at École Polytechnique,
Montreal, Canada, 1995. He worked in the oil
and gas and nuclear industries for 8 years
specializing in pressure vessels and piping. He is a full professor at
Ecole de Technologie Supérieure of Montreal Canada since 2000 and
runs the Static and Dynamic Sealing Laboratory. He has authored or coco-
authored avec 200 technical papers on gasketed and non gasketed
joints. Dr. Bouzid is a fellow of ASME. He is member of the ASME
subworking Group on Bolted Flange Connections and ASTM F03
committee on gaskets. He is an associate editor of th
thee ASME Journal of
Pressure Vessel Technology.

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Modelling and Simulations, Vol. 9, N. 3

199