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Informally, viscosity is the quantity that describes a fluid's resistance to flow. Fluids resist the relative
motion of immersed objects through them as well as to the motion of layers with differing velocities
within them. In this paper we are going to talk about the two types of viscosity. First is the Kinematic
Viscosity-(represented by the Greek letter ν "nu") is the ratio of the viscosity of a fluid to its density. The
other type is called simply as Viscosity- (represented by the symbol η "eta") is the ratio of the shearing
stress (F/A) to the velocity gradient (Δvx/Δz or dvx/dz) in a fluid.
Measuring the viscosity of a material gives the manufacturer an idea on how the material will behave
given a specific job. Knowing the viscosity of a material also affects how the production and
transportation processes are designed. To obtain an accurate reading multiple types of viscometer are
developed depending on the use-case scenario.
Types of Viscometers
• Bubble Viscometer
• Rheometers
Rheometers are most useful for non-
newtonian fluids; that is, fluids whose
viscosity isn't described by a single value.
Larger forces typically induce larger viscosity
in non-newtonian fluids. There are several
commercial rheometers on the market. For
forces below 10 pascals, ThermoFisher's
CaBER is popular. Tthe Cambridge Polymer
Group's FiSer can be used for values from 1
to 1000 pascals, while the Gottfert Rheotens is rated for values above 100 Pa and the Xpansion
Instruments Sentmanat extensional rheometer is rated for over 10 kPa.
Application of Viscosity
• Petroleum Industry
• Pharmaceutical
• Automotive Industry
• Food and Beverage
• Chemical Industry
References