Vol. 4, No.

6 June 2013 ISSN 2079-8407

Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2013 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.

http://www.cisjournal.org

Optimal Power Distribution System Placement to Install the RTU with

Hierarchical Analysis Technique
1
Hamzeh Darvishi, 2 Somayeh Mohammadi
1
Department of Engineering, Ghasr-E-Shirin branch Islamic Azad University, Iran
2
Department of Engineering, Ghasr-E-Shirin branch Islamic Azad University, Iran

ABSTRACT
Switching devices in the automation of distribution networks are vital. As the largest part of electrical network is
distribution sector and this is the only part of the chain of production, transmission and distribution which is directly in
contact with people. So the importance of automation in this section is quite evident. In addition, the number of distribution
substations is very high and implement automation in all distribution substations economically is not affordable. Moreover,
it requires a large investment. Thus, it is necessary to have a method to choose key positions; this method should be rapid,
efficient and based on scientific computing. In this paper, a new method is presented based on scientific computing by
which one can quickly determine the location of key positions.

Keywords: Hierarchical Analysis of AHP, Automation, Placement, Terminal

1. INTRODUCTION  Postpone investment to build new facility

Increasing complexity and broadness of power
systems make these systems difficult and sensitive to be
managed on supervised. This management and
supervision accomplish in the direction of providing
reliability features and optimizing production and
transmitting power systems by SCADA and dispatching
systems. In these systems key data of sensitive points of
system which include measurement number, conditions
and alarms, is collected by specific equipments and
transmit to control stations by a cable transfer system. In
the stations with software analysis of data precautionary
and control proceeding is implemented. Therefore power
system with all complexities is able to control, manage,
supervise for guarantying operation accuracy and
improving the quality of supervision and controlling,
transmitting data between terminals and control stations
should be very accurate [1].
Increasing development of distribution systems
make the uses of traditional methods of maintain ace,
operation and system protection impossible.
 Improve the efficiency of the distribution system
and improve the retrieval time
 Increase system reliability
 Provide better and faster services to consumers
and increase their satisfaction [3]
 Better and more accurate information and
statistics of the distribution system and
consumers
 The average duration of a power outage shut
down Howe [4] none
Therefore, the implementation of this article, all
the information load distribution substation, control
center and can be accessed via computers and alarm
systems also leads to the occurrence of faults in the
network control center informed of its findings in take
action to resolve it. The operations are carried through in
seconds, and with subscales of installation errors such
motorized equipment, operation time and troubleshooting
minimized the occurrence of specific connections in a
short time and is isolated from the rest of the network [5].

For this reason, yielding the information of 3. SELECT THE LOCATION OF

distribution systems classifying them and also exploiting
of automation system it mean system that enable
distribution companies to supervise indirectly harmonize
and do orders on equipments instantly and from remote
distance is an obvious and inevitable task.
2. GENERAL GOALS OF AUTOMATION
OF DISTRIBUTION
The goals of implementing automation system
are:
 Reduce operating costs, repairs, maintenance
(Operation & maintenance) [2]
TERMINAL INSTALLATION
RTU or distant terminal is a machine that is a
microprocessor which is used for collect a substation
information and do orders from distant to equipments in
the substation.RTU is within a special area and it is task
is make a connection with all software for getting
information of them and transmitting information to
SCADA and getting controlling orders for each one of
existing tools in special area of SCADA, totally RTUs are
constructed based on microprocessor. Installing terminal
in substations increase the reliability of system and
decrease customer's outage costs. The degree of
advancement and or destruction of the reliability of
system is sensitive to location of substation. And
changing the location of substation in feeder can improve
or destruct the reliability of system [6]. Finding the

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 Vol. 4, No. 6 June 2013 ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2013 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.

http://www.cisjournal.org
location and number of necessary substations for
automation and terminal installation is complicated issue Subscribers usually are commercial, dwelling or special
include different parameters. In this research, we tried to (hospital, military political and …) Subscriber's type in a
looking to some parameters and research problem and substation can be a criterion for make or doesn't make a
present a simple and quick solution in order to select the automation in a substations.
substations. Studying the statistics of the number of
substations in big cities and complex distributing network 5. HIERARCHICAL STRUCTURAL
that is like a confused skin. We understand that it is DESIGN AND ITS ANALYSIS FOR
necessary to find a simple and practical solution.
RTU PLACEMENT
Following figure is graphical display of problem
4. THE IMPORTANT CRITERIONS FOR on the study. In the head of this figure is the main goal
PRIORITIZE SUBSTATION A which is determining the weight of substation. Low
FEEDER hierarchies are chosen criteria.
AHP process simultaneously allows untouchable
criterions to compound with quantities and touchable
criteria. This processes use two by two alternative
comparison and decision criteria [7]. It is necessary to
collect information of determiners for comparison. Even
comparisons help to determiners to just focus on
comparison which is based on two criteria without any
trouble. In addition, two by two comparisons provide
valuable information about the problem under question
and improve the logicality of decision process. One of the
elements that have an important effect on accuracy of
result from multi criterion technical is the number of
criteria and choices in the structure of decision process
[6-8]. In this direction, after some meeting with experts in
dispatching area of distribution company, following
criteria table (I) obtained as prioritize for substations of
feeder.

Table I: Criteria of feeder substations

Load Capacity
Distance between substations from the other substations

Substation Accessibility
Load Types and Their Total Number of Customers
Grid Topology and Maneuverability
Considering that whatever the length of cable is
longer, accident may happen more. This criterion is
considered.
Fig 1: The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) scheme
First, with qualitative and what was explained,
allocate to different types of load that are in weighted
system. As a result a table like (II) can be complete and
weight of each type of load will obtain from geometrical
average in each line.

Substations that have multi entrance and Table II: Even comparison of types of loads and
multiunit will be very important because of operation and determining the final weight of each one
silence time. Like substations number3 in system that
showed in figure (I) that is very important because of
final
topology. dwelling Special weight
Commercial
There are substations that locally access to them
are very difficult for example, when a substations is in a
dwelling 1 r 1,2 r 1,3 r 1
place that is a high traffic in its direction, or will be
closed in a specific time, if an accident happen, we need Commercial r 2,1 1 r 2,3 r 2
more time for access to them and more distributing
energy. Load and number of subscribers in each
substation which has more substations and has more load
Special r 3,1 r 3,2
1 r 3

than one that has less load and less subscribers is in

different priority for Automation.

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 Vol. 4, No. 6 June 2013 ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2013 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.

http://www.cisjournal.org

r i
,final weight for each criterion after determine the
Table IV: even comparison of criterions
final weight of each type of loads, regarding to that, each
substation has a special number of private subscribers,
type numb Load Acces topolo distan
commercial and dwelling distribution system.
er s gy t
Type 1
w pi ,1
 D i *r 1  A i *r 2  E i *r 3
A 1,2 A 1,3 A 1,4 A 1,5 A 1,6

Where
W pi ,1
,is weight of substation number I with
Numb
er A 2,1
1
A 2,3 A 2,4 A 2,5 A 2,6

first feature(type and number of subscribers) r i ,final Load 1

i ,number A A 3,1 A 3,2 A 3,4 A 3,5 A 3,6
weight of each kind of subscribers,
commercial subscribers of substation number(i), Acces 1
A 4,1 A 4,2 A 4,3 A 4,5 A 4,6
D i
number of dwelling subscribers of substation s

number(i) and E i
is number of special subscribers of Topol
ogy A 5,1 A 5,2 A 5,3 A 5,4
1
A 5,6
substation number(i).
Dista 1
A. Subscriber's Load
nt A 6,1 A 6,2 A 6,3 A 6,4 A 6,5
According to situation of weighting substations,
they can be divided to four groups like table (3) and final
finally the weight of each substation will obtain based on weigh A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6
the criterion of subscriber's load. t
Table III: Even comparison of capacities and
determining the final weight of each one
1
630kva 800kva 1000kva 1200kva final
A i,j
  Comparative weight of criteria (i &j)
weight A i,j

630kva 1 A  Weight of criteria itch

r 1,2 r 1,3 r 1,4 r 1
i

800kva 1
r 2,1 r 2,3 r 2,4 r 2
Table V: the manner of giving a score in all tables
1000kva 1
r 3,1 r 3,2 r 3,4 r 3 1 Equal
1200kva 1
r 4,1 r 4,2 r 4,3 r 4
3 Better
5 Very well
7 Great
r i
, in this table is weight of capacity number (I) as 9 Excellent
mentioned for two topology and degree of access 2,4,6,8 It's between these scales
criterions, will use AHP model.

6. DETERMINING PRIORITIES AND Second step consist of even comparisons of

RELATIVE IMPORTANCE
AFFECTIVE INDEXES IN
PLACEMENT
In first step, we organize the event comparison
matrix for each criterion separate. In AHP method
choices compare two by two. The comparison accomplish
by questionnaire (opinion of experts) or responsible
person. According to result of comparisons that can
consist of completely better or excellent, great, very well,
better or equal answer, they match in ordinal respectively
between 9 to 1. At lasts the even comparison matrix for
features is in follow:
OF noticed criterions in each level of hierarchy in answering
RTU to achievement of goal or higher level of criterions. These
comparisons insert in a matrix named (even comparisons
matrix). This matrix has two main features. First its
diameter is 1 that means preference ratio of a factor
compare with itself is 1(one) and second, preference of
factors regarding to each other have reversal quality [9].It
means that for example if ratio of preference A to B is 4.
Therefore ratio of preference B to A will be 1/4 and
reversed. These two features cause to comparing N
features, adjectives or choices respondent just answer to
n (n  1)
question (even comparison) because when N
2
factors put on the table two by two. The outcome matrix

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 Vol. 4, No. 6 June 2013 ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2013 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.

http://www.cisjournal.org
has n×n member, half of these number is reverse of other
part and n member of matrix's diameter is also 1(one). 8. CALCULATION OF CRITERION'S
PROPORTIONAL WEIGHT
A. Proportional calculation of priorities for second First, determining weight of each criterion.
level indexes of hierarchy Result of this part was shown in table (VII).
In second stage all choices (12) feeder
substation figure (2) are measured and even comparison Table VII: Even comparisons of criterions
in related to all criterion.
Type load Access Maneuver final
Table VI: even comparison of substations for each type
and situation weight
of subscriber’s criterion of each substation
number
Type and 1 0.217 0.2041 0.1218 0.2722
final 1 2 … 12 number
weight load 4.6057 1 0.5345 0.1543 0.7850
Access 4.8989 1.870 1 0.1690 1.1156
1 … 1 Maneuver 8.2048 6.480 5.9160 1 4.2114
r 11 r 1,2 r 1,12 situation
1 … 2
r 21 r 2,12 The result table (VII) is showed table (VIII).In this table
. . . … . . the importance of criterions arranges from high to low
. . . . . . respectively and their normalized weight is written in
. . . . . . front of them.
.
Table VIII: Final Result of Criterion's Priority
… 1 12
r 121 r 12,1 r 12,2
Result of criterion's priority Normalized weight of
each criterion
1 situation of maneuver and 0.62865241
r i,j
  Comparative weight of criteria (i&j) topology
r i,j degree of access 0.174776502
subscriber's load 0.12298887
r i,j
 Weight of criteria itch option based on j the
type and number subscribers 0.042470721
criteria
a. Calculation of proportional weight of substations
7. UNDER STUDY NETWORK for each criterion
For example we studied one of network in b. Calculation of weight of each substation rather
Tehran that shows below. than situation of maneuver and topology
criterion

c. Calculation of weight of each substation rather

than degree of criterion

Table IX: Normalized weight of each substation in

situation of maneuver and topology criterion

Number 1 2 3 4 5 6
of
substation
Final 0.027 0.032 0.222 0.219 0.078 0.0132
weight
Number 7 8 9 10 11 12
of
substation
Final 0.040 0.032 0.067 0.043 0.033 0.017
weight

Fig 2: under study network

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 Vol. 4, No. 6 June 2013 ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2013 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.

http://www.cisjournal.org
Table X: normalized weight for each substation in the
situation of degree of access to substation criterion Table XIV: final arrangement of substations
Number Priority 1 2 3 4 5 6
of 1 2 3 4 5 6 substation 3 4 6 10 5 12
substation Priority 7 8 9 10 11 12
Final
0.047 0.047 0.227 0.047 0.047 0.047 substation 9 11 8 2 7 1
weight
Number
of 7 8 9 10 11 12 10. DETERMINE THE SUBSTATION FOR
substation AUTOMATION
Final In the previous chapter, it determined that two
0.047 0.047 0.047 0.297 0.047 0.047
weight points need to automation now according to obtained
weight, useful points, are points that density's balance is
in it. It means first 1/3 and 1/3 second of weight density
Table XI: Allocation of weight to types of subscribers will be useful points.According to table (XI) the sum of
normalized weights of substations are 1.211771 and first
Type of 1/3equal 0.04039 second of it equal 0.8078. According to
dwelling Commercial Special
subscribers its third and forth substations will select.
Normalized 0.178 0.0545 0.767
weight
11. RESULT
Use of automation's equipment and especially
According to table (XI-X)and figure(2)and data
distant terminals in distribution system is necessary and
about number of subscribers, normalized weight of this
for decrease the silence time just should use of terminals.
criterion for each substation will equal with:
According to distribution systems expanding, use of
mathematical method and calculation for obtain the
Table XII: Normalized final weight of each substation in
silence time need a long time and it is time consuming.
type and number of subscribers
Therefore use of an experimental method based on
hierarchy analysis can be useful and efficacious with
630kva 800kva 1000kva 1200kva terminal and mathematical and experimental
0.045 0.097 0.217 0.639 calculations and selection the suitable place for insulting
terminal, degree of silence will decrease about 70% that
it cause to increase operation, distributed energy and
9. CALCULATION OF FINAL WEIGHT other parameters for quality of distribution of electricity.
OF EACH SUBSTATION Result of experimental calculations also proving the
After determine the weight of each substation in accuracy of experimental calculations and decrease time
different criterion, it will process the final weight of each for entering the data and calculations.
substation. Final determined priority for substations
showed in table (XII) REFERENCES
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 Vol. 4, No. 6 June 2013 ISSN 2079-8407
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences
©2009-2013 CIS Journal. All rights reserved.

http://www.cisjournal.org
[6] Esmaeil Moshiri, "AHP Balanced Model for Group [8] “Development of Distribution System Reliability
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