SEVEN GENERATIOS

Generation Male Female

Three generations above↑↑↑ Great grandfather Great grandmother
Maternal great grandfather Maternal great grandmother
Great grandfather-in-law Great grandmother-in-law
Two generations above ↑↑ Grandfather Grandmother
Maternal grandfather Maternal grandmother
Grandfather-in-law Grandmother-in-law
One generations above ↑ Father, Uncle, Mother, Aunt
Maternal uncle, Father-in-law Maternal aunt, Mother-in-law
Current generation(Self) → Husband, Brother Wife, Sister
Cousin, Brother-in-law Cousin, Sister-in-law
One generation below ↓ Son Daughter
Nephew Niece
Son-in-law Daughter-in-law
Two generations below ↓↓ Grandson Grand daughter
Grandson-in-law Grand daughter-in-law
Three generations below ↓↓↓ Great grandson Great grand daughter
Great grandson-in-law Great grand daughter-in-law

IMPORTANT BLOOD RELATIONS

Father of grandfather or grandmother Great Daughter of father or mother Sister
grandfather
Mother of grandfather or grandmother Great Son of second wife of father Step brother
grandmother
Father of father or mother Grandfather Daughter of second wife of father Step sister
Mother of father or mother Grandmother Son/daughter of uncle/aunt Cousin
Wife of grandfather Grandmother Brother of husband or wife Brother-in-law
Husband of grandmother Grandfather Sister of husband or wife Sister-in-law
Father-in-law of father/mother Grandfather Husband of sister/sister-in-law Brother-in-law
Mother-in-law of father/mother Grandmother Son of father Oneself/Brother
Father’s father/mother only Father Mother of son/daughter Oneself/Wife
Only daughter-in-law of father’s Mother Father of daughter/son Oneself/husband
father/father’s mother
Husband of mother Father Son of son of Brother/Oneself
grandmother/grandfather /Cousin
Wife of father Mother Daughter of son of Cousin/Oneself
grandmother/grandfather /Sister
Second wife of father Step mother Son of brother or sister Nephew
Brother of father Uncle Daughter of brother/sister Niece
Brother of mother Maternal Uncle Grandson of father/mother Son/Nephew
Sister of father Aunt Granddaughter of father/mother Daughter or Niece
Sister of mother Maternal Aunt Husband of daughter Son-in-law
Husband of aunt Uncle Wife of brother/brother-in-law Sister-in-law
Wife of uncle Aunt Wife of son Daughter-in-law
Son of grandfather/grandmother Father/Uncle Son of son/Daughter Grandson
Daughter of father-in-law/mother-in-law of Mother/Aunt Daughter of son/Daughter Granddaughter
father
Father of wife/husband Father-in-law Son’s/Daughter’s grandson Great Grandson
Mother of wife/husband Mother-in-law Son’s/Daughter’s granddaughter Great
granddaughter
Children of same parents Siblings
Father’s/Mother’s only son/daughter Oneself
Son of father or mother Brother

Page 1 of 8
Keys:
1. Relations of Paternal side:
1. Father's father → Grandfather
2. Father's mother → Grandmother
3. Father's brother → Uncle
4. Father's sister → Aunt
5. Children of uncle → Cousin
6. Wife of uncle → Aunt
7. Children of aunt → Cousin
8. Husband of aunt → Uncle

2. Relations of Maternal side:

1. Mother's father → Maternal grandfather
2. Mother's mother → Maternal grandmother
3. Mother's brother Maternal uncle
4. Mother's sister → Aunt
5. Children of maternal uncle → Cousin
6. Wife of maternal uncle → Maternal aunt

RELATIONS FROM ONE GENERATION TO NEXT:

Keys:
First generation : Grand father, Grand mother
Second generation : Father, Mother, Uncle, Aunt.
Third generation : Self, Sister, Brother, Sister in law, Brother in law
Fourth generation : Son, Daughter, Nephew, Niece.

TYPES OF QUESTIONS:

1. Identification model.
2. Introduction model.
3. Symbolic relation model / Coded Blood Relations
4. Single Person Blood Relations
5. Mixed Blood Relations

Page 2 of 8
1. IDENTIFICATION MODEL:

For Example Rajesh is brother of Barath. Barath is brother of Shiva. How is Shiva related to Rajesh?
Here by using the notations above
Rajesh(m) ------- Barath (m) ------ Shiva(x).
In the given question Shiva's gender is not given. Hence, Shiva can be brother or sister of Rajesh. It is very important to
note that the gender of the person cannot be decided based on the name of the person. The given data should
adequately support the gender of the person.

2. INTRODUCTION MODEL:
For Example Pointing to a person, Harsha said, "He is the son of my grandfather's only child". How the person is related
to Harsha?
Harsha's grandfather's only child should be Harsha's father or mother. So, the person is Brother of Harsha. In order to
solve these kind of questions it is important to note some of the following statements that we normally come across
while solving the questions:

 My mother's only child means myself.

 My husband's father-in-law's only daughter means myself.
 My brother's father's wife means my mother.
 My father's brother's only sibling is my father.
 My father's mother's only child means my father.

3. SYMBOLIC RELATION MODEL / CODED BLOOD RELATIONS (IMPORTANT):

In this type, relationships represented by codes and symbols like + , - , / , *. You have to analyze the required relation
based on the given code. In this also you may need diagrammatic representation of problem to solve it. Use the same
representation used in mixed blood relations.
In the coding equation better to solve the code from last letter.

Example 1: If
'A × B' means 'A is mother of B';
'A ÷ B' means 'A is son of B'
'A + B' means 'A is husband of B';
'A − B' means 'A is sister of B'.
Which of the following expressions indicate G is daughter of H?
1) G − R ÷ H
2) G + R − H
3) R ÷ G ÷ H
4) H × R − G
5) G + R + H
Now let us discuss this in step by step process
It can be expanded as follows:
G − R; R ÷ H
G − R represents G is sister of R
R ÷ H represents R is son of H.
By combining both the expressions:

Clearly, G is daughter of H.
But, students are always advised to eliminate the options that are not matching based on the gender. In the given
question it is clear that G is a female.
Now, observe option (2) G + R − H.

Page 3 of 8
Here, G +R indicates G is husband of R. Hence, it can be eliminated.
Option (3) R ÷ G ÷ H. Here, G ÷ H indicates G is son of H. In the
Option (4) G's gender is not known.
Finally in option (5) G + R + H, G + R indicate G is husband of R.
So, if the questions are complicated in nature we can arrive at the conclusion by eliminating the options.

Example 2:
If A + B means A is the mother of B; A x B means A is the father of B; A $ B means A is the brother of B and A @ B means
A is the sister of B then which of the following means P is the son of Q?
(A) Q + R @ P @ N (B) Q + R * P @ N
(C) Q x R $ P @ N (D) Q x R $ P $ N
Solution: (D)
Q x R = Q is the mother of R [-Q, ±R]
R $ P = R is the brother of P [+ R, ±P]
P $ N = P is the brother of N [+ P, ±N]
Therefore P is the son of Q.

4. SINGLE PERSON BLOOD RELATIONS (SPBR)

These are Relations between two people only.

DIRECT SPBR

Break the given sentence at is/was/as and resolve it from last point to is/was/as to get easy solution for the
problem.
“ Carefully observe the given examples.”
Example 1 :
Pointing to a lady Ravi said,” She is the only daughter of the father of my sister’s brother”. How is she related to
Ravi?
Solution :
last, in the view of Ravi,
My sister’s Break the given sentence at is.
From the brother – brother
Father of brother – father
Daughter of father – sister
So,that becomes “she is my sister”
So, answer is sister.
Example2 :
John introduces Mary as the daughter of the only son of my father’s wife. How is Mary related to john?

Solution :
Break the given sentence at as.
Resolving from the last , In the view of john,
My father’s wife – mother
Only son of mother – himself i.e. john
Daughter of john– daughter.
So, answer is daughter.

NOTE : Sometimes they might ask like how is john related to Mary. In that case answer is father. So, don’t make
answers without clear understanding in this type of problems.

Page 4 of 8
INDIRECT SPBR

Break the given sentence at is/was/as.

Resolve the sentence from last upto is/was/as.
And also resolve the sentence from the first upto is /was/as.
Then you will get easy solution. Observe the below examples.

Example 3 :
Pointing to a man in the photograph, a Woman says,” His mother’s only daughter is my mother”. How is man
related to woman?

Solution :
Break the sentence at is.
From the last, up to is : my mother – Woman's mother
From the first, up to is : his mother’s only daughter – his sister
His sister = woman’s mother.
So, the answer is Mother’s brother i.e. Uncle.
If question asks like how is woman related to that man? Then answer is sister’s daughter i.e. niece.

Example 4 :
Introducing Suresh, Kalpana said," His brother’s father is the only son of my grandfather”. How is Kalpana
related to Suresh?
Solution :
Break the sentence at is.
From the last up to is : The only son of my grandfather – father
From the first up to is : his brother’s father – father
Suresh’s father = kalpana’s father
So, they are brother & sister.
Answer is sister.

NOTE : Like in the above type of problems From either ends if it is like
Father = Father Uncle= Uncle
Mother = Mother Aunt = Aunt
Then they both may be brothers / sisters / brother & sister depending upon their sex.

5. MIXED BLOOD RELATIONS

In this, mutual blood relations depending on more than two persons mentioned. These type of problems can be
solved with the help of diagrams.
Follow these symbols in the diagram to avoid confusion.

+ Male candidate
- Female candidate
<=> Couple
------- Same generation i.e. brother –brother (or) sister-sister (or) sister to brother
_______ Different generations i.e. father-son (or) mother-son (or) father – daughter (or) Mother - daughter

Better to use the same generation in one horizontal row in the diagrams.

Example 1 :

Page 5 of 8
 A and B are brothers and C and D are sisters. A’s son is D’s brother. How is B related to C?

Solution:
By using above notations we can draw the below diagram. A,B are taken ‘+’ and C ,D
are taken as ‘-’. It seems that A,B belongs to one generation and C,D belongs to another generation.
So, A,B are taken in one horizontal row and C,D are taken in other horizontal line.

It says that A is C’s father. Father’s brother is uncle. So, answer is uncle.

Sometimes they might ask paragraph questions in blood relations type problems.

Example 2 :
Read the information carefully and answer the question given below it.
1. A family consists of 6 members P, Q , R, X, Y, Z.
2. Q is the son of R but R is not mother of Q.
3. P and R are married couple.
4. Y is the brother of R, X is the daughter of P.
5. Z is the brother of P.

Questions :
1. Who is the brother in law of R?
2. How many female members are there in the family?
3. How is Q related to X?
4. How is Y related to P?
Solution:
Draw the diagram with given instructions below.
1. Q is son of R. draw this one with thick line in different horizontal rows. Both are male so take as’+’.
2. Use <=> between P and R in same row, because they are couple.
3. Add Y to R with dotted line in same row.
4. Add X to P with thick line downwards to different row. Here, X is ‘–‘.
5. Add Z to P and take Z as ‘+’.
6. So, Q and X are brother & sister.

Answers :

1. Brother in law means wife’s brother i.e. Z

2. Two female members are there with ‘-‘ symbols i.e. P and X.
3. Q is brother of X.
4. Y is husband’s brother to P. i.e. brother in law.
5. A has 3 children. B is the brother of C and C is the sister of D, E who is the wife of A is the mother of D. There is
only one daughter of the husband of E. what is the relation between D and B?
6. Solution: With the chart

7.
8. Therefore, D is a boy because there is only one daughter of E.

Page 6 of 8
 9. Hence, B is the brother of D.

Example:
Pointing to a photograph, Rekha says to Lalli, "The girl in the photo is the second daughter of the wife of only son of the
grandmother of my younger sister." How this girl of photograph is related to Rekha?

Solution:

First Method - By Generating Charts:

Second method:

1. Grandmother of younger sister of Rekha → Grandmother of Rekha

2. Wife of only son of grandmother → Mother of Rekha
3. Younger daughter of the mother → Younger sister.

Finally few points may be noted while solving the questions:

 Read the question and try to identify the persons between whom relationship is to be established. (if possible
blend yourself in given character so that it will be easy for you to understand).

 Try to focus on the points which give maximum definite information.

 While concluding about the relationship between the two persons be careful about the gender of the persons
involved as there is a possibility of committing a mistake by assuming the gender of the person which is not
given in the data or which cannot be derived from the data.

 You should remember all the relations to solve blood relations type of problems. Without knowing relations you
can’t do anything. Out of all types, Single person blood relations are important in the point of examination’s
view.

 Note: While solving the question (+) can be used for male and (-) can be used for female.

Page 7 of 8
MODAL QUESTIONS:

Question 1. ‘X + Y’ means ‘X is the father of Y’. ‘X – Y’ means ‘X is the wife of Y’. ‘X x Y’ means ‘X is the brother of Y’, ‘X ÷
Y’ means ‘X is the mother of Y’ and ‘X = Y’ means ‘X is the sister of Y’ On the basis of this information, what does ‘X + Y –
Z’ mean?

Question 2. Pointing to a lady on the stage, Ashita said, “She is the sister of the son of the wife of my husband.” How is
the lady related to Ashita?

Question 3. Miley says, “Dolly’s father Mick is the only son of my father-in-law Jagger.” Then how is Pamela, who is the
sister of Dolly, related to Jagger?

Question 4. While discussing Tan’s ancestry, Lan quizzes Tan while pointing towards a man, “His mother is the only child
of your father.’ How is Tan related to that person?

Question 5. Vicky who is Dinesh’s daughter, says to Irma, “Your mother Reeta is the younger sister of my father, who is
the third child of Chand.” How is Chand related to Irma?

Question 6. Anand is the brother of of Bakul and Chavi. Dina is Chavi’s mother. Ernie is Anand’s father. Is Bakul Ernie’s
son?

Question 7. A woman presents a man as the son of the brother of her mother. How is the man related to the woman?
Question 8. Raina, Murli, Haiden, Patel, Gony, Balaji and Morkel are seven members in a family, out of which there are
three females and four males. There are two managers, two lawyers, one teacher, one engineer and one doctor. No lady
is either a teacher or an engineer. Haiden is a lawyer and is married to Raina, who is a teacher. Balaji, the engineer is
married to Patel, who is neither a lawyer, nor a doctor. No two ladies have the same profession. Murli is the sister of
Morkel, who is a manager.

(i) What is Gony’s profession?

(ii) Who are the four males?
(iii) Who is the teacher?
(iv) Who is married to Balaji and what is the person’s profession?

Page 8 of 8