Microorganisms and the disease the cause.

organisms characteristics Incubation Disease Mode of Infectious Stages of

period caused transmission process pathogenicity

Adenovirus They are Airway They cause They are The infection When infected
medium-sized infection, the conjunctivitis usually spread starts with with this virus,
nonenveloped incubation period , enteric through an contact with there are certain
icosahedral viruses is 2-14 days diseases,and infected the virus interaction that
containing before it shows respiratory person by either by air, will occur within
double-stranded DNA up. diseases. touching the touching an the cell of
genome of 35 kb. Intestinal infected infected humans. The 1st
They are usually infection=3-10 person or person or reaction to occur
stable to chemical and days. through the through is the lytic
physical agents.they air, fecal-oral fecal-oral infection
come from the family material material. This interaction: this
adenoviridae. contact give s occurs when the
rise to the virus enters the
absorption of epithelial cell and
virions on cell starts a replication
surface ff the cycle, which
penetration of results in
cells cytolysis, cytokine
production, and
inflammatory
response.

Escherichia This is a The incubation They cause Contaminated From infected -Bacteria latches
coli gram-negative, period usually diarrheal foods, person to the on the surface of
facultative anaerobic lasts for 3-4 days infection, consumption cells in the an intestinal wall.
rod-shaped bacteria of after exposure, meningitis, of raw pork, body leading -Injection of
genus Escherichia. but maybe 1 day and UTI. fecal cell receptor protein
They are commonly or may extend to contamination degeneration. on the intestinal
found in intestines of 10 days. of water. From that to wall by bacteria.
animals. They are abt bacteria -Formation of
2.0 micrometer long formation at pedestal for
and 0.25-1.0 the respective bacteria.
micrometer in dia. site. -Development of
Low level of infection.
RBC and
white blood
cell
Manifestation
of infection
with
symptoms
present.
Plasmodium They are of a genus of 9-14 for malaria Infection is The female ● Parasite
spp. protozoa single-celled Plasmodium vector-borne anopheles biomass(in
organism that causes falciparum, and is carries the fection of
malaria 27-40 days for p. transmitted by infection to RBC)
Malaria, 12-17 the female the human ● Schizo in
for p vivax and Anopheles body to RBC
ovale. mosquito complete its ● The
life cycle. release of
When the merozoites
infected by lysis of
mosquito bites RBC
it transfers ● Activate
sporozoite of macropha
the p parasite. ges and
The parasites endotheliu
then multiply m
in the cells of ● Regulation
the human of excess
body esp the cytokines
liver cells and ● headaches
it attacks the , fevers,
RBC. The nausea,
rupturing of etc.
the RBC gives
rise to or
produces toxic
substance
known as
hemozoin
which is
attributed to
the rise of
various
symptoms like
fever, chills
etc.

Trichophyton Trichophyton is a Tinea corporis - Ringworm Through a The signs and Dermatophytosis
spp genus of fungi that 4-10 days human-human symptoms of can affect all
cause tinea. Tinea capitis- contact, fungi don't keratinized areas of
Family;arthrodermatac 10- 14 days animal-human manifest the body (hair, skin,
eae, a division of contact. Could immediately. and nails) (2).
Ascomycota. They are be transmitted It takes a few Depending on the
mold with smooth through the days. After region that is
wall macro and soil(contamin contact with affected, the
microconidia. In the ated). infected symptoms may
lab, they grow at 25 person, the vary. If hair is
 degrees cells infected (tinea
degenerate to capitis, tinea
enhance the barbea), there may
dev. Of the be hair loss
infection. (ectothrix) or
-a red spot breakage
begins to dev. (endothrix). On the
It may be skin, lesions may
moist, more look circular or
often scaly or annular and
dry. elevated, producing
The a ringworm
manifestation infection form.
of circular Zoophilic
patches. dermatophyte
infections are more
inflammatory
(vesicle, pustules
and blisters) than
those caused by
antropophilic
dermatophytes.
Infection of human
nails may present as
discoloration,
dystrophy,
hyperkeratosis and
occasionally
onycholysis (2).

Clostridium They are soil 3-21 days They cause Through -enters -Spore inoculated
tetani bacterium and the tetanus contaminated through an through the wound.
cause bacteria. In soil, wounds, open wound. -Tetanospasmin
they are rod shapes sharp/unsteril -spore occurs.
and are 2.5 e objects germination. -Tetanolysin
micrometers long. It is -the release of
motile and moves by toxins.
flagella. They are -blockage of
anaerobic( the cant inhibitory
survive with oxygen). impulses.
Very resistant to heat. -uncontrollabl
e muscle
contraction