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Responsibilities
The owner of a piping installation shall have overall responsibility establishing: requirements for design,
construction, examination, inspection, and testing
The owner is also responsible for designating piping in Category D, Category M, High Pressure, and High
Purity Fluid Services, and for determining if a specific Quality System is to be employed.
Designer
Engineering design of piping complies with the requirements of this Code and with any additional requir ements
established by the owner.
Owner’s Inspector
Ensuring that the requirements of this Code for inspection, examination, and testing are met.
1. For metallic piping not designated by the owner as Category M, High Pressure, or High Purity Fluid
Service (see para. 300.2 and Appendix M)
Fluid service requirements are found in
(-a) Chapter III for materials
(-b) Chapter II, Part 3, for components
(-c) Chapter II, Part 4, for joints
2. For piping in a fluid service designated as Category M, all requirements on Chapter VIII.
3. For piping in a fluid service designated as Category D, Fluid Service in Chapters I through VII
4. For piping designated as High Pressure Fluid Service, all requirements in Chapter IX.
300.1 Scope
300.1.3 Exclusions.
Internal gage pressures at or above zero but less than 105 kPa (15 psi), fluid handled is nonflammable, nontoxic,
and not damaging to human tissues as defined in 300.2
Chapter II Design
Why?
Piping not protected by a pressure-relieving device, or that can be isolated from a pressure-relieving device,
The greatest thickness or highest component rating is required in accordance with para. 301.2.
In the same piping system may have different design temperatures.
The design minimum temperature is the lowest component temperature expected in service.
For fluid temperatures 65°C (150°F) and above, temperature for uninsulated components shall be no less than
the following values:
1. Valves, pipe, lapped ends, welding fittings, and other components having wall thickness comparable to
that of the pipe — 95% of the fluid temperature
2. Flanges (except lap joint) including those on fittings and valves — 90% of the fluid temperature
3. Lap joint flanges—85% of the fluid temperature
4. Bolting — 80% of the fluid temperature
The component design temperature shall be the fluid temperature unless impact the other calculation of temp
The component design temperature shall be based on heat transfer calculations or tests.
The cooling of a gas or vapor in a piping system may reduce the pressure sufficiently to create an
internal vacuum.
Design either to withstand or to relieve increased pressure caused by the heating of static fluid in a
piping component. See also para. 322.6.3(b)(2)
3. Atmospheric Icing
Where the design minimum temperature of a piping system is below 0°C (32°F), the possibility of
moisture condensation and buildup of ice shall be considered and provisions made in the design to
avoid resultant malfunctions.
301.5.1 Impact.
Impact forces caused by external or internal conditions shall be taken into account in the design of piping.
including changes in flow rate, hydraulic shock, liquid or solid slugging, flashing, and geysering
301.5.2 Wind.
Wind loading shall be taken into account in the design of exposed. The analysis considerations and loads may
be as described in ASCE 7.
301.5.3 Earthquake.
The analysis considerations and loads may be as described in ASCE 7. Authoritative local seismological data
may also be used to define or refine the design earthquake loads.
301.5.4 Vibration.
Reduce harmful (Bahaya) vibration, with add support, Sample of source of vibration:
Pressure pulsation, turbulent flow vortices, resonance in compressors, and wind Commented [pm1]: Sample of source of vibration
Consider in design: The following thermal effects, combined with loads and forces from other causes
301.9 Reduced Ductility Effects Commented [pm2]: Kind of test: bending test
And derived from fracture test, which is transition
from ductile to brittle
Source of ductility may from:
- welding
- heat treatment
- forming
- bending
- low operating temperatures
- sudden loss of pressure
At operating temperatures below −191°C (−312°F), considered in selecting materials, insulation, and
adequate shielding and/or disposal shall be provided.
Table 326.1 (e.g., ASME B16.9 and B16.11) state that pressure– temperature ratings are based on straight
seamless pipe.
For components with straight or spiral (helical seam) pipe, determined for seamless pipe shall be further multiplied by
the weld joint strength reduction factor (W), as defined in para. 302.3.5
For no specified on: para. 302.2.1 or 302.2.2(a)
Established in accordance with the rules in para. 304. (PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS)
Unlisted Components
Used within the following limitations:
- The designer shall be satisfied
Composition, mechanical properties, method of manufacture, and suitable for the intended service.
- Pressure–temperature ratings shall be established in accordance with the rules in para. 304.
Occasional variations of pressure and/or temperature may occur in a piping system. No need to consider unless all of Commented [pm3]: Kadang-Kadang
the following criteria are met:
- Combined longitudinal stresses shall not exceed the limits established in para. 302.3.6.
Just Information:
there are two principal stresses, axial and circumferential, designated as Slp and Shp
The stress in the axial direction is called the longitudinal pressure stress and one in circumferential direction is
called the hoop pressure stress.
Longitudinal pressure stress, S lp. The longitudinal stress on the pipe is generally considered uniform in both
circumferential and diametrical locations.
Hoop pressure stress, Shp. The distribution or variation of the hoop pressure stress is not as uniform as the
longitudinal stress.
When two services that operate at different pressure–temperature conditions are connected. All of the valves shall
be rated for the more severe service condition.
(a) Tension.
Basic allowable stresses S for:
Metals & bolting materials are listed on Tables A-1 and A-2.
Determined in accordance with para. 302.3.2. ( Bases for Design Stresses)
In equations elsewhere SE appears, which is the value S is multiplied by one of the following
quality factors:
(1) casting quality factor Ec
Material specifications in Table A-1A
Various levels of supplementary examination in Table 302.3.3C
Tables A-1 and A-2 are grouped by materials and product forms, and are for stated
temperatures up to the limit provided in para. 323.2.1(a).
(c) Compression
Allowable stresses in compression shall be no greater than the basic allowable stresses in tension as tabulated in
Appendix A
The bases for establishing design stress values for bolting materials and allowable stress values metallic materials.
(a) Bolting Materials
Design stress values shall not exceed the lowest of the following:
Quality Standard for Steel Castings for Valves, Flanges and Fittings and Other Piping Components — Visual Method,
are assigned a basic casting quality factor, Ec, of 0.80.
Shall be considered safe when the wall thickness of the piping component, including any reinforcement, meets the
requirements of para. 304.
Shall be considered safe when the wall thickness of the piping component, and its means of stiffening, meet the
requirements of para. 304.
The sum of the longitudinal stresses due to sustained loads, SL shall not exceed Sh
Where Sh is taken from Table A-1 at the metal temperature of the operating condition being considered.