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2008
dari aroma, ulasan penelitian tentang aromaterapi, menyajikan informasi praktis tentang
penggunaan aromaterapi klinis untuk gangguan emosi, dan menyarankan sumber daya
untuk pelatihan dan pendidikan tambahan.
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Chronic worry, Sandalwood 10 drops Inhaler tube Inhale several times daily
overthinking Lavender: 5 drops Lemon: 3
drops
Depression Clary sage: 6 drops 4 oz spray bottle with water Spray face (eyes closed), chest, and back
Geranium: 6 drops of neck in the morning and evening
Lemon: 4 drops
Duka, shock, Rose otto: 6 tetes clary 2 oz lotion diberi wewangian atau minyak Terapkan untuk dada, perut, dan kembali
tetes
Insomnia Bergamot: 2 tetes Lavender: 10 2 oz lotion diberi wewangian atau minyak Terapkan secara bebas untuk dada dan leher
Stres, ketegangan Jasmine: 4 tetes 2 garam mandi oz (garam laut) Gunakan 1 ons di satu mandi di malam hari;
sage: 5 tetes
Sebuah Sebuah tabung inhaler adalah sebuah tabung plastik kecil yang datang dengan bagian kapas ke mana minyak dijatuhkan. Kapas direndam minyak kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam tabung. Minyak yang dihirup
melalui lubang kecil di bagian atas tabung. Hal ini juga dilengkapi dengan penutup.
nasal receptors are quite specific, human ness, relaxation, attention, performance, oxidative stress, as well as possible
beings are able to differentiate up to 10,000 and healing, and these may be mediated anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and
odors through a complex sensory-somatic purposefully with different aromas (Field anti-carcinogenic activity (Atsumi &
cascade that et al., 2005). Lavender, for example, has Tonosaki, 2007).
instantaneously activates the been associated with parasympathetic These findings on the physiological
autonomic nervous system, memory, stimulation of the autonomic nervous effects of scent in human beings suggest
and emotion through the amygdala and system, leading to increased beta power a link to emotions and memory, both
other limbic structures (Buck, 2004). and decreased contingent negative modulators of physical and mental
variation on electroencephalogram; these health. The effect is immediate and
Olfactory stimulation causes in turn are associated with decreased works beyond the level of conscious
immediate physiological changes in anxiety, improved mood, and increased awareness (Moss et al., 2003). Thus,
blood pressure, muscle tension, pupil sedation (Moss, Cook, Wesnes, & certain aromas may be used to affect
size, blink magnitude, skin temperature, Duckett, 2003). Peppermint and rosemary psychoneuroimmune functions to
skin blood have been associated with increased promote healing.
flow, electrodermal activity, heart rate, arousal, improved cognition and memory,
brain wave patterns, and sleep/arousal and enhanced performance on cognitive
states (Kuroda et al., assessment tests (Moss et al., rEsEArch on
2005). Inhaled odors activate the AromAthErAPy
release of neurotransmitters such as Aromatherapy studies have focused
serotonin, endorphins, and primarily on the physiological and
norepinephrine in the hypothalamic 2003). The parasympathetic-stimulating emotional arousal effects of essential
pituitary axis and modulate effects of lavender and the oils, which can be inhaled, ingested, or
neuroreceptors in the immune system, sympathetic-stimulating effects of applied topically. Much of the research
altering mood, reducing anxiety, and rosemary have been shown to significantly has evaluated aromatherapy in
interrupting the stress response decrease salivary cortisol and increase conjunction with other modalities such
(d’Angelo, 2002). free radical reactive scavenging activity, as massage and reflexology (Buckle,
The sense of smell is related to daily suggesting a protective effect on the body 2007; Louis & Kow-
functions such as alert- from
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alski, 2002). Namun, studi terbaru telah endoscopy in a same-day surgery center sential oils showed significantly more
berusaha untuk mengisolasi efek in the United States, no significant improvement in scores on depression,
aromaterapi sebagai terapi yang berdiri difference in anxiety was found before and anxiety, and severity of emotional
sendiri. after lavender inhalation (Muzzarelli, symptoms than did those receiving
In a study of 73 healthy college Force, & Sebold, 2006). In this acute care massage alone.
students, different scents produced setting, mean anxiety scores were Clearly, the research continues to
different mood states following extremely high both before and after the show mixed findings on the efficacy of
administration of an anxiety-provoking intervention, suggesting that aromatherapy. This may be due, in part,
task (Burnett, Solterbeck, & Strapp, aromatherapy may be better for moderate to study limitations, such as small and
2004). Students receiving inhaled anxiety than for severe anxiety. Even so, convenience samples, one-time or
rosemary scored significantly higher on the authors noted that anecdotal reports short-term interventions, and
measures of tension-anxiety and from patients who received aromatherapy methodological issues. However, even
confusion-bewilderment suggested continued use of this modality in those studies in which
than (Muzzarelli et al., 2006).
did those in lavender and control groups.
Both rosemary and lavender were
significantly associated with lower Louis and Kowalski (2002)
fatigue-inertia ratings. The groups did not examined physiological and
differ on physiological parameters. These emotional parameters in a convenience
results suggest differences in the effects sample of 17 terminally ill cancer
of aromatic oils on mood, independent of patients following treatment with
physiologically measurable parameters. humidified lavender. While physiological
and psychological scores improved in
the predicted direction, the differences
Evaluating the effect of aromatherapy were not statistically significant, perhaps aromatherapy interventions failed to
on crisis management, Fowler (2006) because of the small sample. achieve statistically significant
found that 77% of a convenience sample Interestingly, the patients’ caregivers improvements, continued use and study
of 43 adolescents in a residential mental reported increases in their own of this modality were encouraged by the
health facility asked for aromatherapy relaxation and sense of well-being during researchers and participants (Louis &
when they felt agitated. Fowler used a the lavender aromatherapy treatments. Kowalski, 2002; Muzzarelli et al., 2006).
blend of 3% ylang ylang, sweet marjoram, Significant improvements were most
and bergamot in jojoba oil, either inhaled common in studies in which the
or topically applied using a modified hand Itai et al. (2000) compared the effects aromatherapy was tailored to the client
massage technique. During the 3-month of lavender, hiba oil, and odorless by an experienced and holistically trained
study, the number of pharmacological conditions on depression and anxiety in a aromatherapist (Itai et al., 2000; Lemon,
injections for agitation decreased from 43 group of 14 hemodialysis patients. Hiba 2004). Buckle (2007) reported clinically
to 31, the number of oral as needed oil significantly decreased mean scores significant findings even in the absence
medications for anxiety or agitation on both anxiety and depression, and of statistical significance in many studies
decreased from 631 to 397, and the lavender significantly decreased mean and noted that institutional aromatherapy
number of seclusion and restraint events anxiety scores. The findings were programs have been implemented for
decreased from 29 to 20. significant independent of personality relaxation, emotional well-being, and
traits, psychological status, and agitation.
psychotherapeutic medication for anxiety
and sleep.
In a convenience sample of 200 adults
awaiting dental procedures in Austria, Lemon (2004) studied the effects of
those who received diffused ambient nine essential oils on anxiety and usE of clinicAl
odors of orange or lavender while waiting depression in 32 acute care psychiatric AromAthErAPy Essential oils
had significantly less anxiety and better patients. The study compared levels of to relieve Emotional distress
mood than did those exposed to music or depression and anxiety in a control
controls, even controlling for dental pain group receiving massage with carrier oil Minyak atsiri dapat diterapkan dalam beberapa
(Lehrner, Marwinski, Lehr, Johren, & and an experimental group receiving cara. Mereka dapat ditambahkan ke pembawa,
Deecke, 2005). However, among a essential oils diluted in carrier oil during seperti minyak sayur atau lotion diberi wewangian,
convenience sample of 118 patients massage. The group receiving massage dan kemudian diterapkan pada kulit, atau mereka
spray,
program pendidikan aromaterapi The Aromahead Institute, Sekolah Studi Minyak Atsiri http://www.aromahead.com
dan sertifikasi
atau diffusers untuk inhalasi. Namun, rute termasuk penggunaan, efek samping, chemical components in individual oils is
aplikasi yang paling efektif untuk mengurangi tindakan pencegahan, kimia dan informasi important because some of the
kecemasan dan memperlambat pikiran yang botani, dan interaksi potensial dapat therapeutic benefits of oils are
terlalu aktif adalah inhalasi. Menggunakan ditemukan di (2006) teks aromaterapi determined by their chemical makeup.
tabung inhaler kosong kecil, minyak esensial Lis-Balchin ini. Reports of chemical components should
ditambahkan ke sepotong kapas yang be available to the buyer on request.
dimasukkan ke dalam tabung. Minyak ini membeli dan menyimpan
kemudian tersedia untuk mencium. minyak atsiri Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan oksidasi
minyak tercemar atau minyak yang minyak esensial termasuk terpapar oksigen,
Minyak yang digunakan oleh aromatherapists sintetis dan disebut keharuman panas, dan cahaya. Penyimpanan
untuk mengurangi kecemasan, meningkatkan atau parfum oils will not offer the same mempengaruhi kehidupan rak minyak esensial.
mood, dan mengurangi stres termasuk (d'Angelo, therapeutic effects as pure Ketika disimpan dengan benar, tingkat oksidasi
2002; Lis-Balchin, 2006): plant-extracted oils, and they may mereka melambat secara signifikan. Potensi
l bergamot ( jeruk bergamia). actually cause allergies, headaches, reaksi alergi dan iritasi kulit dari minyak esensial
l Lemon ( jeruk Limon). and chemical sensitivities. Gas meningkat ketika minyak esensial teroksidasi.
l Clary sage ( salvia sclarea). chromatography (GC) and mass Idealnya, minyak harus disimpan di ruangan
l Lavender ( Lavandula spectrometry (MS) are methods of yang dingin gelap. Botol harus darkcolored
angustifolia). separating compounds in essential oils kaca. kehidupan rak dapat berkisar dari 1
l chamomile Romawi into individual components and sampai 8 tahun, tergantung pada susunan kimia
( Chamaemelum nobile). identifying major components in the oil. dari minyak dan kondisi penyimpanan.
l Geranium ( pelargonium These processes are used to identify Penanganan minyak dan kemungkinan masalah
graveolens). any adulteration of an essential oil, di kondisi penyimpanan akan berkurang jika
l Rose otto ( rosa Damaskus). which means the oil has had chemicals hanya ada satu perusahaan antara penyuling
l Sandalwood ( Santalum or other substances added or removed. dan pelanggan, sehingga yang terbaik adalah
album). GC/ MS testing is also used to identify untuk membeli minyak esensial dari perusahaan
l Jasmine ( jasminum the exact chemical profile of an oil and yang membeli langsung dari penyuling a.
officinalis). assess its potential therapeutic uses.
Efek dan dosis sembilan minyak The breakdown of
esensial ini ditunjukkan pada
Tabel 1. Data pada masing-masing minyak ini,
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kewaspadaan
Seperti semua produk obat, minyak k E y P oints
esensial dapat menjadi racun atau tidak
sesuai dengan senyawa lain atau 1. Penggunaan obat minyak aromatik meluas kembali ke budaya Mesir dan Cina kuno.
perawatan, atau mereka dapat
menghasilkan efek samping atau 2. Indera penciuman adalah terkait dengan fungsi sehari-hari seperti kewaspadaan, relaksasi, perhatian, kinerja,
menyebabkan reaksi alergi (Lis-Balchin, dan penyembuhan, dan ini dapat dimediasi sengaja dengan aroma yang berbeda.
2006). Ketika merekomendasikan rejimen
terapi minyak esensial untuk klien, dosis
3. Minyak atsiri digunakan untuk mengurangi kecemasan, meningkatkan mood, dan mengurangi stres termasuk
yang tepat, cara pemberian, dan ukuran
bergamot, lemon, clary sage, lavender, chamomile Romawi, geranium, mawar otto, cendana, dan melati.
klien, status kesehatan, dan preferensi
individu harus diperhitungkan (d'Angelo,
4. Efektif menggunakan aromaterapi membutuhkan pengetahuan yang memadai dan keterampilan dan kemampuan untuk aman
2002). Efek samping bisa termasuk
menyesuaikan intervensi untuk kebutuhan yang unik dari setiap klien.
eksaserbasi asma atau gangguan
pernapasan akibat beban alergen, dan
dengan aplikasi topikal, dermatitis kontak
Apakah Anda setuju dengan artikel ini? Tidak setuju? Memiliki komentar atau pertanyaan? Kirim e-mail ke
atau iritasi. Juga, bau tertentu mungkin Karen Stanwood, Editor Eksekutif, di kstanwood@slackinc.com.
tidak menyenangkan atau menjengkelkan Kami menunggu untuk mendengar dari Anda!
untuk klien.
sociation untuk Aromaterapi Holistik of particular oils and combinations of oils
(NAHA). Daftar program ini disediakan on mood, memory, and sense of
Beberapa minyak, seperti bergamot di Meja 2. well-being; replication studies using
atau lemon, dapat menyebabkan Kursus untuk mendapatkan sertifikasi dalam rigorous study designs and appropriate
fotosensitifitas. Hal ini dapat dihindari aromaterapi juga tersedia. sample sizes; studies on the use of
dengan membatasi matahari dan The NAHA (2005) has issued aromatherapy in various populations
ultraviolet paparan cahaya selama 12 jam national educational standards for (i.e., children, older adults, ethnic or
setelah digunakan (d'Angelo, 2002). aromatherapy certification. To be cultural groups); and studies that
Sama seperti dengan obat allopathic, certified through the NAHA, an combine aromatherapy with guided
minyak tertentu kontraindikasi pada aromatherapist must have 200 hours of imagery, meditation, or hypnosis to
kondisi kesehatan tertentu, termasuk training from an approved school, which augment the management of emotional
epilepsi (lavender, rosemary), hipertensi includes courses in the chemistry, distress.
(rosemary), asma (rosemary), dan botany, and anatomy and physiology of
kehamilan (lemon balm). Praktisi harus aromatherapy; the use of essential oils; Aksesibilitas, biaya rendah, dan profil efek
berlatih dengan cara yang etis dan aman extraction methods; oil quality and samping yang rendah membuat aromaterapi
berdasarkan profesional aromaterapi dan absorption; carrier oils; blending menarik untuk mengelola tekanan emosional.
keperawatan pedoman (Buckle, 2003; techniques; methods of application; Selain itu, kemampuan adaptasi dan kemudahan
d'Angelo, 2002). clinical therapeutics; and ethics. penggunaan yang luas membuatnya mudah untuk
LisBalchin, 2006) and a variety of inap dan rawat jalan. penggunaan yang efektif
Internet resources available from AHNA membutuhkan pengetahuan yang memadai dan
aromaterapi Pendidikan and NAHA may also be helpful to keterampilan dan kemampuan untuk aman
penggunaan yang aman dari minyak aromatherapy. unik dari setiap klien. Seni keperawatan
tentang botani, biokimia, fisiologi, dan integratif untuk penyembuhan. Aromaterapi adalah
terapi minyak esensial, termasuk dosis, praktek penyembuhan yang memadukan “esensi”
administrasi, toksisitas, interaksi, dan efek conclusion ilmu pengetahuan dengan holisme yang melekat
samping (Buckle, 2003). Minyak atsiri Clinical aromatherapy shows dalam seni keperawatan.
Buckle, J. (2007). tinjauan pustaka: rumah sakit untuk mengurangi rasa sakit,
lebih serius? British Journal of Nursing, 16, 116-120. mempromosikan rasa peningkatan
Burnett, KM, Solterbeck, LA, & kesejahteraan. American Journal of Hospice &
bato, K., Sugimoo, A., Kakuda, Para penulis mengungkapkan bahwa mereka
T., et al. (2005). efek sedatif dari bau tidak memiliki kepentingan keuangan yang signifikan
teh melati dan (R) - (-) - linalool, salah pada produk atau kelas produk yang dibahas secara
satu komponen bau utama, aktivitas langsung atau tidak langsung dalam kegiatan ini,
saraf otonom dan status suasana hati. termasuk dukungan penelitian.
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