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Abstract. Based on a method proposed by the authors, a new tension-stiffening law has been proposed for short-term
deformational analysis of flexural reinforced concrete members. It was derived from experimental moment-curvature
diagrams of RC beams reported by the authors. A quantitative dependence has been established between the length of
the descending branch and the reinforcement ratio. The proposed relationship has been applied in a simple engineeing
technique based on layered approach and principles of strength of materials. To assess accuracy of the technique, def-
lections/curvatures have been calculated for a large number of experimental reinforced concrete beams reported in the
literature. Comparison has been carried out with proposed relationship and design code methods such as the ACI 318,
Eurocode 2 and SP 52-101 (new Russian code).
Keywords: reinforced concrete beams, tension stiffening, shrinkage, experimental tests, short-term loading.
Kaklauskas et al 41-
0.2 εct/εcr,EC2 7 3.0 300 0.3
(2005) 55
0
0.3- 31-
-0.2 Gushcha (1967) 4 3.6 300
0.8 43
-0.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Figarovskij (1962) 7 3.0 250
0.4- 29-
0.9 37
Fig 5. Proposed tension-stiffening laws
1.2- 61-
Ashour (2000) 6 3.08 250
2.4 98
100 Moment, kNm 333-
With eliminated Nejadi (2005) 2 3.5
348
0.5 45
80 shrinkage
S1-3 From test Total: 40
3.0- 200- 0.3- 23-
3.5 500 2.0 98
60 S2-3
40 S3-2-2
S3-2-3
The calculation methods employed for comparative
deflection analysis of flexural RC members are as fol-
20 lows: Eurocode 2 (CEN 2004); ACI 318 (ACI 318 2008);
Curvature x 103, m-1 new Russian code SP 53-101 (NIIZB 2006); and the pro-
0 posed model [see Equation (1)].
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 The experimental mid-span curvatures were com-
Fig 6. Calculated and experimental moment-curvature diagrams pared with those predicted by the techniques described
above. The analysis was based on Sliced data transforma-
tion (Gribniak 2009, Gribniak et al. 2010) introducing
5. Statistical analysis eleven levels of loading intensity M taken in relative
terms between the cracking and ultimate bending mo-
This Section presents statistical analysis on short- ments:
term deflections of RC bending members. The analysis
has employed data of six experimental programs. The
812
1.4 σct/fctm,EC2 sideration. Analysis performed has resulted in three such
1.2 intervals:
1.0 1: p < 0.5%; 2 : 0.5 ≤ p ≤ 1.0%; 3: p > 1.0% (5)
0.8
0.6 S3-2-3
S2-3
Graphical illustration of the analysis results is pre-
0.4 sented in Fig 8 with shown 95% confidence intervals of
0.2 expectation μΔ for the grouped data. Width of the confi-
εct/εcr,EC2
0 dence intervals characterises variation of the relative error
-0.2 of predictions.
-0.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3 Δ p < 0.5%
1.4 σct/fctm,EC2 Eurocode 2 ACI 318
2
1.2
1.0 1
0.8 S3-2-2
0
0.6 S1-3 SP 52-101 Proposed
0.4 2
0.2
εct/εcr,EC2 1
0 M´
-0.2 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
-0.4
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 3 Δ 0.5 ≤ p ≤ 1.0%
Eurocode 2 ACI 318
Fig 7. Calculated and proposed tension-stiffening 2
relationships
1
0
M ' = ( M − M cr ) ( M ult
∗ − M );
cr SP 52-101 Proposed
(2)
M' = {0; 0.1; ...; 0.9; 1} 2
1
Here M*ult is the pseudo-ultimate bending moment calcu- M´
lated for each member under assumption of yielding 0
(3)
f ct = 0,3 3 f c'2 ; f c' = f cu 1, 25 1
0
Here fcu is the compressive 150 mm cube strength of con- Proposed
SP 52-101
crete (see Table 2). Thus, M’ = 0 and M’ = 1 corresponds 2
to cracking and pseudo-failure of the RC element, respec-
tively. 1
814