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DMVPN Dual Hub using OSPF

Table of Contents
• OSPF over DMVPN
• Considerations for the DMVPN Design
• Dual Hub Single Cloud using OSPF
• DMVPN Dual HUB-Single Cloud with route redistribution, failover and symmetrical
routing
• Dual Hub Dual Cloud using OSPF
• Dual Hub Single Cloud with EIGRP, using failover and load balancing

Introduction
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Date: 30-9-2016

In today's network environment, redundancy is one of the most important aspects, whether
it’s on the LAN side or on the WAN side.

A complete DMVPN deployment consists of the following services:

1. Dynamic Routing.
2. mGRE Tunnels.
3. Tunnel Protection – IPSec Encryption that protects the GRE tunnel and data.

The disadvantage of a single hub router is that it’s a single point of failure. Once your hub
router fails, the entire DMVPN network is gone.

There are two options to configure Dual Hub DMVPN:

1. Dual Hub - Single DMVPN network/cloud.


We use a single DMVPN network but we add a second hub. The spoke routers will use only
one multipoint GRE interface where we configure the second hub as a next hop server.

- Single mGRE interface on the Spokes & the Hubs.

- Spokes are configured with multiple NHSs (and mappings) on their mGRE.

- Little control over DMVPN Cloud routing.

- It’s recommended the use of Tunnel Protection (IPSec).

2. Dual Hub - Dual DMVPN Network/cloud.

The dual cloud option also has two hubs but we will use two DMVPN networks, which means
that all spoke routers will get a second multipoint GRE interface.

- Eeach hub controlls its own cloud.

- Two tunnel interfaces on the Spokes but one tunnel interface on each Hub.

- Each Spoke interface is connected to a separate DMVPN Network/Hub.

- DMVPN routing can be controlled by using IGP-related techniques such as bandwidth or


delay modifications.

- It’s recommended the use of Tunnel Protection (IPSec).

This second way is the best. The major advantage of using this option over the first option is
load balancing spokes between hubs.

Asymmetrical routing occurs unless you tune IGP on the tunnels.

NOTE In a real world there will be many spokes and hubs, but if you understand how to
implement a basic scenery with two hubs and two spokes, you will be able to split the different
portions of the topology and choose the best design for your network.

OSPF over DMVPN


Many organizations use Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) as their interior routing protocol.
It may seem a natural choice to run it over DMVPN as well, but doing so comes with some
serious limitations. OSPF is a link state protocol, thus all routers in an area must have the
same view of the network. Any change in the area will trigger all routers in the area to run
the shortest path first (SPF) algorithm. Depending on the size of the network, this may lead
to a lot of SPF runs, which could affect the performance of branch routers with small CPUs.

DMVPN requires a single subnet, so all OSPF routers would have to be in the same area.
Summarization is only available on area border routers (ABRs) and autonomous system
boundary routers (ASBRs), which means that the hub must be an ABR for it to summarize
routes. Misconfiguring the designated router (DR) or backup designated router (BDR) role
would also break the connectivity. Any form of traffic engineering is very difficult in a link
state protocol such as OSPF.

Follow these guidelines if implementing OSPF over DMVPN:

• Don’t make spokes ABR routers.


• Put spokes in totally not so stubby area (NSSA) area if possible.
• All DMVPN tunnels must be in the same area.
• All hub routers must be in the same area.

For small scale DMVPN deployments, running OSPF may be acceptable. Large scale
implementations will either run EIGRP or BGP.

Considerations for the DMVPN Design


1) By default Tunnel interface will have OSPF network Type set to Point-to-Point --> this is
not supported for DMVPN because we cannot have more than one couple of routers on point-
to-point network.

2) On Phase1 OSPF network type is not important (do not configure Point-to-Point), HUB is
always the next-hop, we can filter specific routes from the RIB of each spoke (if spokes have
only one direct path to the HUB and have not other paths connecting them on the DMVPN
cloud).

3) On Phase2 Network type point-to-multipoint is not supported because we must enforce


the HUB not changing the next-hop to itself. Using newtork Type Broadcast grant us to have
a DR election, the DR will preserve the next-hop of other spokes. To have fully working
Phase2 with OSPF do this:

• Configure newtork type to Broadcast on all routers of the cloud.


• Configure "ip ospf priority 0" on all tunnel interfaces of the Spokes. Set the ospf
priority on the HUBs (DR/BDR) to be bigger than the priority on spokes (ip ospf
priority 2 for Primary HUB and ip ospf priority 1 for Secondary HUB).
• Set the tunnel mode to mGRE on each spoke to have spoke-to-spoke dynamic tunnels.
• Make sure OSPF timers match.
• Because spokes are generally low-end devices, they probably can’t cope with LSA
flooding generated within the OSPF domain. Therefore, it’s recommended to make
areas Stubby (filter-in LSA5 from external areas) or totally stubby (neither LSA5 nor
inter-area LSA3 are accepted).

NOTE Make sure appropriate MTU value matches between tunnel interfaces (“ip mtu 1400
/ ip tcp mss-adjust 1360”).

Consider the OSPF scalability limitation (50 routers per area). OSPF requires much more
tweekening for large scale deployments.

When using OSPF on a DMVPN a choice has to be made about where to place area 0. There
are three options:

• Area 0 behind the hub; a non-zero area across the DMVPN and at the sites.
• Area 0 on the DMVPN; a unique non-zero area at each spoke site.
• Area 0 everywhere.

The third option has the worst scaling properties and the highest change of control plane
instability. It’s not recommended.

Dual Hub Single Cloud using OSPF


In this topology I couldn’t tune metric to avoid asymmetrical routing. This can be done using
dual cloud, as we’ll see later.

NOTE Because OSPF is link state, there is no chance to use a concept like an offset-list to
selectively modify the cost of a few of intra area routes: link state database must be identical
in all routers that belong to the same area, so any change to the cost between routers would
impact all routes.

DMVPN Dual HUB-Single Cloud with route redistribution,


failover and symmetrical routing
This is a better solution than the previous topology to avoid suboptimal routing.

In the following design, you can isolate the Main Site (Headquarter) from the branchs
(SOHO, etc.)
• Internal LAN on R1=8.8.8.8/32
• Internal LAN on SpokeA=1.1.1.0/24
• Internal LAN on SpokeB=2.2.2.0/24

Loopback interfaces simulate these networks.

In this case, independently of the tunnel interface bandwidth, R1 will have two equal metric
routes to reach both hubs. So, I’ll use the same bandwidth for the tunnel interface on both
hubs. Later we can tune metric for symmetrical routing.

NOTE Remember, I’ll use the command bandwidth 1000 because the guaranteed bandwidth
specified by the ISP is 1 Mbps.

To guarantee HubA is the DR for OSPF, I’ll give it the highest priority: 2 is the highest
priority in this topology. Also is important to boot up first HubA, then HubB and finally the
other routers.

NOTE Priority 1 is the default and priority 0 keeps the router from becoming eligible to be
elected as a DR/BDR.

For the sake of simplicity, I won’t use IPSec. This design is Naked DMVPN Phase 2.

I would like you to implement this topology, but I’ll give you some advices.
R1
Use a loopback interface for the internal LAN (use better /24) and advertise it along
with the fastethernet interface using EIGRP.

HubA

Use the following commands for the tunnel interface:

• ip ospf network broadcast


• ip ospf priority 2
• ip ospf 1 area 0

For routing protocols:

router eigrp 100

redistribute ospf 1 metric 100000 1 255 1 1500

network 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255

no auto-summary

router ospf 1

log-adjacency-changes

redistribute eigrp 100 subnets

passive-interface default

no passive-interface Tunnel0

HubB

For the tunnel interface:


• ip ospf priority 1
• This is the default priority.

For the DR election process, add the following commands to the tunnel interface:

ip nhrp map 10.0.0.1 172.17.0.1

ip nhrp map multicast 172.17.0.1

ip nhrp nhs 10.0.0.1

NOTE For the spokes, use a single tunnel interface pointing to both hubs. Use priority 0 to
avoid them to become the DR.

Verifying DMVPN

HubA#sh ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:39 10.0.0.3 Tunnel0

2.2.2.2 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:39 10.0.0.4 Tunnel0

192.168.0.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:39 10.0.0.2 Tunnel0

HubB#sh ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

1.1.1.1 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:30 10.0.0.3 Tunnel0

2.2.2.2 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:36 10.0.0.4 Tunnel0

192.168.0.1 2 FULL/DR 00:00:31 10.0.0.1 Tunnel0


NOTE Obviously, HubA is the DR and HubB is the BDR. But If HubB boots up before
HubA, it will become the DR even having a lower priority.

HubA#sh dmvpn

Legend: Attrb --> S - Static, D - Dynamic, I - Incompletea

N - NATed, L - Local, X - No Socket

# Ent --> Number of NHRP entries with same NBMA peer

Tunnel0, Type:Hub, NHRP Peers:3,

# Ent Peer NBMA Addr Peer Tunnel Add State UpDn Tm Attrb

----- --------------- --------------- ----- -------- -----

1 172.17.0.2 10.0.0.2 UP never D

1 172.17.0.3 10.0.0.3 UP never D

1 172.17.0.4 10.0.0.4 UP never D

R1#sh ip route | section D

--output omitted--

Gateway of last resort is not set

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 1.1.1.1 [170/28416] via 192.168.0.2, 00:17:25, FastEthernet0/0

[170/28416] via 192.168.0.1, 00:17:25, FastEthernet0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 2.2.2.2 [170/28416] via 192.168.0.2, 00:05:15, FastEthernet0/0

[170/28416] via 192.168.0.1, 00:05:15, FastEthernet0/0

172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets


D 172.17.0.0 [90/30720] via 192.168.0.2, 00:18:14, FastEthernet0/0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 10.0.0.0 [170/28416] via 192.168.0.2, 00:18:11, FastEthernet0/0

[170/28416] via 192.168.0.1, 00:18:11, FastEthernet0/0

So, two equal metric routes to 1.1.1.1 and 2.2.2.2 (asymmetrical routing):

R1#traceroute 1.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 1.1.1.1

1 192.168.0.2 80 msec

192.168.0.1 48 msec

192.168.0.2 36 msec

2 10.0.0.3 80 msec 72 msec *

The same situation happens for packets to 8.8.8.8/32 from spokes:

SpokeA#sh ip route | section O

--output omitted--

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.2 [110/101] via 10.0.0.4, 00:04:33, Tunnel0

172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

8.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets


O E2 8.8.8.8 [110/20] via 10.0.0.2, 00:04:33, Tunnel0

[110/20] via 10.0.0.1, 00:04:43, Tunnel0

O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/20] via 10.0.0.2, 00:04:33, Tunnel0

[110/20] via 10.0.0.1, 00:04:43, Tunnel0

Tunning metric for symmetrical routing


In this example, the primary internet connection is through HubA (DR). So I’m going to tune
metric on HubB to only use HubA

Tunning metric on Hub B for packets from 8.8.8.8/32 to 1.1.1.0/24 and 2.2.2.0/24

ip access-list standard INCR_METRIC

permit 1.1.1.0 0.0.0.255

permit 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255

router eigrp 100

offset-list INCR_METRIC out 25600 FastEthernet0/1

R1#sh ip route | section D

--output omitted--

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 1.1.1.1 [170/28416] via 192.168.0.1, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 2.2.2.2 [170/28416] via 192.168.0.1, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0

8.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 8.8.8.8 is directly connected, Loopback0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets


D EX 10.0.0.0 [170/28416] via 192.168.0.2, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0

[170/28416] via 192.168.0.1, 00:00:07, FastEthernet0/0

C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R1#traceroute 1.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 1.1.1.1

1 192.168.0.1 76 msec 56 msec 40 msec

2 10.0.0.3 84 msec 80 msec *

Tunning metric on HubB for packets from Spokes’s LAN (loopback interface simulates the
internal LAN) to 8.8.8.8/32:

router ospf 1

redistribute eigrp 100 metric 1000 subnets

SpokeA#sh ip route | section O

--output omitted--

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.2 [110/101] via 10.0.0.4, 01:48:33, Tunnel0

8.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2 8.8.8.8 [110/20] via 10.0.0.1, 00:33:33, Tunnel0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/20] via 10.0.0.1, 02:00:33, Tunnel0

SpokeA#traceroute 8.8.8.8
Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 8.8.8.8

1 10.0.0.2 52 msec 80 msec 48 msec

1. 192.168.0.3 28 msec * 92 msec

Testing failover
HubA#conf t

HubA(config)#int fa0/0

HubA(config-if)#shut

NOTE Wait some seconds.

SpokeA#sh ip route | section O

--output omitted--

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 2.2.2.2 [110/101] via 10.0.0.4, 01:54:52, Tunnel0

172.17.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

8.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2 8.8.8.8 [110/1000] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:11, Tunnel0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O E2 192.168.0.0/24 [110/1000] via 10.0.0.2, 00:00:10, Tunnel0

R1#sh ip route

--output omitted--

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets


D EX 1.1.1.1 [170/54016] via 192.168.0.2, 00:03:17, FastEthernet0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 2.2.2.2 [170/54016] via 192.168.0.2, 00:03:17, FastEthernet0/0

8.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 8.8.8.8 is directly connected, Loopback0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

D EX 10.0.0.0 [170/28416] via 192.168.0.2, 00:03:17, FastEthernet0/0

C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

NOTE There may be scenerys where you need to tune the default timers to speed up network
convergence during a hardware failure. By default the timers on a broadcast network (which
includes Ethernet, point-to-point and point-to-multipoint) are 10 seconds hello and 40
seconds dead. The timers on a non-broadcast network are 30 seconds hello 120 seconds dead.

In this topology, use the following timers on every tunnel interface to speed up network
convergence:

ip ospf hello-interval 1

ip ospf dead-interval 4

NOTE Even so, when shutting down interfaces on GNS3, full adjacencies (FULL/..) could
last several minutes, unless you shut/no shut tunnel interfaces on spokes after shutting
down/no shutting down the physical interfaces on hubs.

Dual Hub Single Cloud using OSPF


A few highlights on how this is different from the single cloud.

1. Each Hub connects to only a single cloud. The spokes connect to both clouds instead of
just one.
2. Because we now have two tunnels that the spokes can choose from tunnel to either Hub A
or B, we can start modifying routing metrics on each tunnel to better influence which path
to take (before we only had one choice).

As the documentation states, this setup is little more trickier to configure, but allows for more
control on where we want our routes to go.

• Internal LAN on R1=8.8.8.8/32


• Internal LAN on SpokeA=1.1.1.0/24
• Internal LAN on SpokeB=2.2.2.0/24

Loopback interfaces simulate these networks.

DMVPN and OSPF Configuration


To configure this, take into account the following considerations:

• There are two DMVPN clouds – 10.0.0.0/24 (Primary DMVPN Cloud) and 20.0.0.0/24
(Secondary cloud).
• Only one tunnel interface for each hub, two tunnel interfaces for each spoke.
• The NHRP network IDs and tunnel keys on the hubs should be different.
• Each hub will be the DR for each Cloud.

NOTE You can use ppGRE or mGRE for spokes. I’ll use mGRE.

HubA
interface Tunnel0
description PRIMARY CLOUD

bandwidth 1000

ip address 10.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

ip nhrp authentication CISCO

ip nhrp map multicast dynamic

ip nhrp network-id 1

tunnel key 1

ip ospf network broadcast

ip ospf hello-interval 1

ip ospf priority 1

ip ospf 1 area 1

tunnel source FastEthernet0/0

tunnel mode gre multipoint

router ospf 1

log-adjacency-changes

passive-interface default

no passive-interface FastEthernet0/1

no passive-interface Tunnel0

HubB
interface Tunnel0

description SECONDARY CLOUD

bandwidth 1000
ip address 20.0.0.1 255.255.255.0

ip nhrp authentication CISCO

ip nhrp map multicast dynamic

ip nhrp network-id 2

tunnel key 2

ip ospf network broadcast

ip ospf hello-interval 1

ip ospf priority 1

ip ospf 1 area 1

tunnel source FastEthernet0/0

tunnel mode gre multipoint

router ospf 1

log-adjacency-changes

passive-interface default

no passive-interface FastEthernet0/1

no passive-interface Tunnel0

SpokeA
interface Tunnel0

description PRIMARY CLOUD

bandwidth 1000

ip address 10.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

ip nhrp authentication CISCO


ip nhrp map 10.0.0.1 172.17.0.1

ip nhrp network-id 1

tunnel key 1

ip nhrp nhs 10.0.0.1

ip ospf network broadcast

ip ospf hello-interval 1

ip ospf priority 0

ip ospf 1 area 1

tunnel source FastEthernet0/0

tunnel destination 172.17.0.1

interface Tunnel1

description SECONDARY CLOUD

bandwidth 1000

ip address 20.0.0.2 255.255.255.0

ip nhrp authentication CISCO

ip nhrp map 20.0.0.1 172.17.0.2

ip nhrp network-id 2

tunnel key 2

ip nhrp nhs 20.0.0.1

ip ospf network broadcast

ip ospf hello-interval 1

ip ospf priority 0
ip ospf 1 area 1

tunnel source FastEthernet0/0

tunnel destination 172.17.0.2

router ospf 1

log-adjacency-changes

passive-interface default

no passive-interface Tunnel0

no passive-interface Tunnel1

SpokeB
interface Tunnel0

description PRIMARY CLOUD

bandwidth 1000

ip address 10.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

ip nhrp authentication CISCO

ip nhrp map 10.0.0.1 172.17.0.1

ip nhrp network-id 1

tunnel key 1

ip nhrp nhs 10.0.0.1

ip ospf network broadcast

ip ospf hello-interval 1

ip ospf priority 0

ip ospf 1 area 1
tunnel source FastEthernet0/0

tunnel destination 172.17.0.1

interface Tunnel1

description SECONDARY CLOUD

bandwidth 1000

ip address 20.0.0.3 255.255.255.0

ip nhrp authentication CISCO

ip nhrp map 20.0.0.1 172.17.0.2

ip nhrp network-id 2

tunnel key 2

ip nhrp nhs 20.0.0.1

ip ospf network broadcast

ip ospf hello-interval 1

ip ospf priority 0

ip ospf 1 area 1

tunnel source FastEthernet0/0

tunnel destination 172.17.0.2

router ospf 1

log-adjacency-changes

passive-interface default

no passive-interface Tunnel0
no passive-interface Tunnel1

DMVPN Verification
HubA#sh ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

8.8.8.8 1 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:03 192.168.0.3 FastEthernet0/1

192.168.0.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:03 192.168.0.2 FastEthernet0/1

1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:03 10.0.0.2 Tunnel0

2.2.2.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:03 10.0.0.3 Tunnel0

HubB#sh ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface


8.8.8.8 1 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:03 192.168.0.3 FastEthernet0/1
192.168.0.1 2 FULL/DR 00:00:03 192.168.0.1 FastEthernet0/1
1.1.1.1 1 FULL/DROTHER 00:00:03 20.0.0.2 Tunnel0
2.2.2.2 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:03 20.0.0.3 Tunnel0

SpokeA#sh ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

192.168.0.2 1 FULL/DR 00:00:06 20.0.0.1 Tunnel1

192.168.0.1 1 FULL/DR 00:00:07 10.0.0.1 Tunnel0

SpokeA#sh ip route | section O

--output omitted--

O 2.2.2.2 [110/101] via 20.0.0.3, 00:39:17, Tunnel1

[110/101] via 10.0.0.3, 00:11:51, Tunnel0


20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA 8.8.8.8 [110/102] via 20.0.0.1, 00:41:49, Tunnel1

[110/102] via 10.0.0.1, 00:12:20, Tunnel0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA 192.168.0.0/24 [110/101] via 20.0.0.1, 00:41:50, Tunnel1

[110/101] via 10.0.0.1, 00:12:20, Tunnel0

NOTE Similar output for SpokeB.

R1#sh ip route | section O

output omitted--

1.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA 1.1.1.1 [110/102] via 192.168.0.2, 00:45:31, FastEthernet0/0

[110/102] via 192.168.0.1, 00:16:02, FastEthernet0/0

2.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA 2.2.2.2 [110/102] via 192.168.0.2, 00:43:09, FastEthernet0/0

[110/102] via 192.168.0.1, 00:15:33, FastEthernet0/0

20.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA 20.0.0.0 [110/101] via 192.168.0.2, 00:55:32, FastEthernet0/0

8.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

C 8.8.8.8 is directly connected, Loopback0

10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O IA 10.0.0.0 [110/101] via 192.168.0.1, 00:16:52, FastEthernet0/0


C 192.168.0.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

So, asymmetrical routing and failover is up (see the highlighted areas in the above outputs),
load balancing is done.

Tunning Mertic

If we want HubA to be the primary connection (symmetrical routing):

HubB

int tu0

bandwidth 900

Spokes

int tu1

bandwidth 900

Final note

With this article ends my contribution to this wide technology. Nonetheless, I propose you to
implement the following topology (using EIGRP):

Dual Hub Single Cloud with EIGRP, using failover and load
balancing
This is one of my favourite GNS3 topologies. I’ve seen many articles about DMVPN, but
none of them mention how to use redundancy in the headquarter site. I focus not only in the
DMVPN configuration but also in configuring redundancy using HSRP in the internal
network.

A single DMVPN network is configured for this design. The spoke routers will use only one
multipoint GRE interface and the second hub is configured as a next hop server.

• Single mGRE interface on the Spokes & the Hubs.


• Spokes are configured with multiple NHSs (and mappings) on their mGRE.

This is a real lab, except for the INTERNET portion of the topology.

NOTE Normally you would connect the two hub routers and two spokes to different
ISPs and you would use different public IP addresses. For the sake of simplicity, I
connected all routers to the 192.0.0.0/24 subnet using a simple switch.

Prerequisites
• Two different internal networks 10.1.2.0/24 and 10.1.3.0/24 for each hub.
• 10.1.2.0/24 clients use HUB1 for Internet access and 10.1.3.0/24 use HUB2, but both
networks need Internet access in case of faliure on the ISP.
• No primary link for the Internet. So, we can achieve load balancing with this design.
• HUB1 and HUB2 coexist in the same site.
• Only one tunnel interface on each hub and spoke (single DMVPN cloud).
• Tune routing EIGRP protocol to avoid asymmetrical routing.

For failover, I configured HSRP with interface tracking on both hubs. Also, each hub acts as
a DHCP server for both internal networks.

HUB1
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.1.2.248 10.1.2.250
ip dhcp excluded-address 10.1.3.248 10.1.3.250

ip dhcp pool vlan2

network 10.1.2.0 255.255.255.0

default-router 10.1.2.250

ip dhcp pool vlan3

network 10.1.3.0 255.255.255.0

default-router 10.1.3.250

interface FastEthernet0/0

no ip address

no shut

speed 100

full-duplex

interface FastEthernet0/0.2

encapsulation dot1Q 2

ip address 10.1.2.248 255.255.255.0

standby 1 ip 10.1.2.250

standby 1 priority 105

standby 1 preempt

standby 1 track FastEthernet1/0


!

interface FastEthernet0/0.3

encapsulation dot1Q 3

ip address 10.1.3.248 255.255.255.0

standby 1 ip 10.1.3.250

standby 1 preempt

NOTE Use a similar configuration for HUB2.

In the real world, high availability is needed so you can use two similar switches with 3
interfaces forming an Etherchannel connection. Remember, only on mode is available on
GNS3.

For load balancing I also used HSRP, trying to equally distribute the access ports to belong
to a different vlan. I used EIGRP as the routing protocol, so you can tune this protocol to
achieve load balancing (use Offset Lists for this).

Thanks to Adeolu Owokade for his great articles about these topics.

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