CHAPTER 11

Fric%on Clutches

Summary

LO 1: Describe clutch and its types

The clutch is a machine element, which is used to connect or disconnect the source of power
from the remaining parts of the power transmission system at the will of the operator.

Clutches are broadly classified into four groups viz. posi%ve contact clutches, fric%on clutches,
electromagne%c clutches, and fluid clutches. Fric%on clutches are further classified into single
and mul%disk clutches, cone clutches, and centrifugal clutches.

LO 2: Formulate torque transmiIng capacity of clutch for uniform pressure and wear condi%ons

The torque transmiIng capacity of a single plate clutch with uniform pressure criterion is given
by,

μ P ( D3 − d 3 )
Mt = 3 ( D2 − d 2 )

μP
For uniform wear criterion, Mt = 4
(D + d )

LO 3. Design mul%disk clutch

The design equa%ons for mul%disk clutch are as follows:

μ P z ( D3 − d 3 )
For uniform pressure criterion, Mt = 3 ( D2 − d 3 )

μPz
For uniform wear criterion, Mt = 4
(D + d )

LO 4. List fric%on materials used in clutch

There are two types of fric%on materials in common use viz. asbestos-base and sintered metals.
Asbestos fric%on materials are further divided into woven and moulded asbestos fric%on
materials. There are two varie%es of fric%on disks made from sintered metals viz. bronze-base

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 and iron-base.

LO 5. Explain the design of cone clutch

The design equa%ons for cone clutch are as follows:

μP ( D3 − d 3 )
For uniform pressure criterion, Mt = 3 sin α ( D 2 − d 2 )

μP
For uniform wear criterion, Mt = 4 sin α
(D + d )

LO 6. Discuss design of centrifugal clutch

The design equa%on for centrifugal clutch is given by,

μ m r g r d z ( ω22 − ω21 )
Mt = 1000

LO 7. Know energy equa%on and thermal considera%on in clutch

Energy equa%ons are derived by considering the dynamic system of driving and driven shaYs
and the clutch. The %me required to bring the output shaY to the rated speed from rest is given
by,

( ω1 − ω2 ) I1 I2
t1 = ( I1 + I2 ) M t

The heat generated during the clutching opera%on is given by,

2
1 ( ω1 − ω2 ) I1 I2
E= 2 ( I1 + I2 )

The temperature rise is given by,

E
Δt = mc

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