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Arlington, VA
1
December 15, 2009
Vision
We need to do more transformational research at DOE … including computer design
tools for commercial and residential buildings that enable reductions in energy consumption
of up to 80 percent with investments that will pay for themselves in less than 10 years
Dr. Steven Chu, House Science Committee Testimony, March 17, 2009
Valid economic returns exist but external forces – labeling, auditing and reporting –
will be needed to drive transition
Systems design and delivery methodologies are driving aggressive energy use
reduction in aerospace applications
Incremental Investment to
CO2 Emission Reductions
Achieve Reduction
100% $200
Incremental Investment, $B
90%
$175
40%
$75
30%
$50
20%
$25
10%
0% $0
< 5 year payback <10 year payback > 10 year payback
Cityfront Sheraton
Chicago IL
1.2M ft2, 300 kW hr/m2
5753 HDD, 3391 CDD
VS chiller, VFD fans, VFD pumps Very Low Energy
Condensing boilers & DHW >50% Reduction
LEED Design
20-50% Reduction
Different types of equipment
Tulane Lavin Bernie for space conditioning and
New Orleans LA ventilation
150K ft2, 150 kW hr/m2
1513 HDD, 6910 CDD Increasing design integration
Porous radiant ceiling, humidity control, of subsystems and control
zoning, efficient lighting, shading
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High Performance Buildings: Reality
Source: Lessons Learned from Case Studies of Six High-Performance Buildings, P. Torcellini, S. Pless,
M. Deru, B. Griffith, N. Long, R. Judkoff, 2006, NREL Technical Report. 7
Building Subsystem Interactions:
“One Size fits All” Implies Inefficiency
Building Operating Conditions Cost Utilities Weather
Office
Loads Equipment
Water Heating Other Loads
Heating,
Heating & AC Distribution
Ventilation, Thermostat
Equipment (Fans, Pumps)
Air Conditioning
On-Site Gen
Electrical Distribution
Grid
UTC Proprietary 8
Information Thermal Power Link that is not always exploited
Building Subsystem Interactions:
“One Size fits All” Implies Inefficiency
Building Operating Conditions Cost Utilities Weather
Thermodynamics
+
Safety & Fire / Smoke
Video
Facility
Security Detection and Alarm access
communication)
Structure Geometry Insulation
Information
Management +
Building Management
System Lots of Connectivity… IT Network
Algorithms
Office
Loads Water Heating Other Loads
Lots of Thermodynamics…
Equipment
Heating,
Heating & AC Distribution
Ventilation, Thermostat
Equipment (Fans, Pumps)
Air Conditioning
On-Site Gen
Electrical Distribution
Grid
UTC Proprietary 9
Information Thermal Power Link that is not always exploited
Building Subsystem Interactions:
Recognizing Dynamics & Driving To Simplicity…
A [building] system is defined to be the composition of different functioning
subsystems or components with precisely designed interfaces, controlled
to operate robustly, and always meeting performance within known bounds
under changing environmental conditions and use.
Careful
attention
to external
loads &
facades
Decoupled
heating,
cooling &
ventilation
Well designed,
verified &
*simple* controls
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Aerospace Systems & Energy Efficiency
20% increase
in energy
efficiency
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Aerospace Systems: Lessons Learned
Efficiency improvements derived through
exploitation of system interactions
Efficient exploration of system configurations for Detect component faults from system level information
guaranteed performance
Robust supervisory control design
Rigorous system and component requirement
specification to ensure proper handoffs in delivery
chain
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Today’s Agenda
Investable areas for building science - systems
Requirements tracking and analysis tools
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ADVANCED COMPUTATION FOR BUILDING SCIENCE
Model
reduction
methods
Methods to
compute invariant
dynamics
Optimization Sensitivity
methods analysis tools
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AWARE, INTERACTIVE, RECONFIGURABLE BUILDINGS
Actionable
Information
Data
Low
Unaware
Savings Potential
Energy Benefit:
productivity
Miss
Benefit: Benefit:
scalbility robustness
Loss
Current
State
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