API 650 Design Tanks

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ABSTRACT
 Storage tanks are used for intermediate and final
product storage
 Petroleum products and chemicals are stored
 Used for mixing, blending, precipitation and setting
process
 For storing Furnace Oil we use Cone Roof type Storage
Tanks
 Efficient storage and better safety are to be
concentrated while designing storage tanks
BPCL ,Ambalamugal
 Formerly known as Kochi Refinery is now owned
by Bharat Petroleum Corporation Limited
 Location : Ambalamugal in Kochi
 Refining Capacity : 9.5 million metric tons per
annum
 Products : LPG, Petrol, diesel,
kerosene, ATF, FO(Furnace Oil), Naphtha,
Benzene, Rubberized bitumen, MTO(mineral
turpentine oil), SPBS(Specialized Boiling point
Solvent) & Bitumen emulsion
INTRODUCTION TO STORAGE
TANKS
 Storage tanks are used for the intermediate and final
product storage in process plant or for storing
petroleum products and chemicals at terminals
 Can be used for Mixing, blending, precipitation and
setting process or as chemical reactor vessels
 Tanks are classified on the basis of product which is to
be stored
FURNACE OIL
 Class C Petroleum product
 Bunker fuel, furnace oil , Fuel oil are other names for
the same product.
 Flash point standard is 66 degree C
 Specific Gravity as per BPCL is 0.95 kg/mm3

TYPES OF STORAGE TANKS
 Cone roof type
 Floating roof type
 Floating cum cone roof tanks
 Spherical Vessels
CONE ROOF TANKS
 Cone roof tanks have fixed and are in a sense close
vessels
 They have a conical top and are used for storing less
volatile products
 Asphalt, vaccum gas oil, fuel oil, seal oil etc can be
stored
 32 cone roof tanks are there in BPCL Kochi

CONE ROOF TYPE
FLOATING ROOF TYPE
FOAM SYSTEM
 Foam for firefighting purposes is an aggregate of air filled
bubbles formed from aqueous solutions and is higher in
density than the lightest flammable liquid
• Used to form a floating blanket on flammable and
combustible liquids lighter than water and prevents or
extinguishes fire by excluding air and cooling the fuel
Floating cum Cone Roof Tanks
 They have fixed cone roof in addition to floating roof
 Are intended to store toxic product having high vapour
pressure
 Products like benzene and toluene are stored
 Prevent the product from contamination and are used
to store class A and class B products
 There are 13 floating cum cone roof tanks in BPCL
Kochi
PARTS OF STORAGE TANK
 Bottom plates and Annular plates
 Draw off Sump
 Shell
 Shell openings
 Shell Manhole
 Yield and Suction Nozzles
 Water Drain and Roof Drain
 Wind Girder
 Cone Roof
 Foam System
 Cooling System
Why use Cone Roof type ??
 Furnace oil has a flash point of 23 degree C and above
but below 65 degree C
 As we have to store furnace oil we shall use cone roof

type since it is a class C petroleum product
 They are less expensive compared to floating roof type

and they don’t get vaporized fast. So we can use cone
roof type since its more economical
Material Specification for
Storage Tanks
 Low Carbon steels are used as they are soft and ductile
 After comparing the values for ASTM A36, A537 and
A537 For Shell plates ,The most cost effective material
has been decided as ASTM A537 CLASS 1
 Minimum Tensile Strength : 385 Mpa
 Minimum Yield Strength : 485 Mpa
 For bottom plates, annular plates : IS2062 grade A
 Minimum Tensile Strength : 247.6 Mpa
 Minimum Yield Strength : 410.6 Mpa
Design of Storage Tank for Furnace Oil
 Tank Selection : Fixed Cone Roof type
 Height and Diameter : 14m and 36m
 Capacity : 14,230 m3
 Design Code : API 650
 Product Stored : Furnace Oil
 Design Specific Gravity of Product : 0.95 kg/mm3
 Design Pressure : atmospheric pressure
 Corrosion allowance : 2 mm for annular, shell,
roof and bottom plates
 Wind Speed : 150.93km/hr
 Maximum Rainfall intensity : 57mm in one hour or 254
mm in 24 hrs
Design of bottom plates
 According to API 650 all bottom plates must have
thickness of 6mm exclusive of corrosive allowance
 Bottom plates : 6 + CA = 6 + 2 = 8 mm
 As the available size of plates in markets are 6m ,8mm,
10mm etc we have to consider 8 mm thickness for
bottom plates
 Available sizes of plates are of width 1.5m, 2m, 2.5, etc.
SHELL PLATES
SHELL DESIGN
 If the diameter is in the range 36 to 60m the nominal
plate thickness to be considered is 8mm
 Minimum allowable design stress ,(Sd)
Sd = 2/3 * yield strength = 2/3 * 345 = 230
Sd= 2/5 * tensile strength = 2/5 * 485 = 194
Taking minimum … Sd = 194 Mpa
 Minimum allowable hydrostatic stress ,(St)
St = 3/4 * yield strength = 3/4 * 247.6 = 258.75Mpa
St= 3/7 * tensile strength = 3/7 * 410 = 207.86 Mpa
Taking minimum … St = 208 Mpa
SHELL DESIGN (API 650)
5.3.1 General
5.3.1.1 The required shell thickness shall be the greater of the
design shell thickness, including any corrosion allowance,
or the hydrostatic test shell thickness, but the shell
thickness shall not be less than the following:
5.3.1.3 The design shell thickness shall be computed on the basis

that the tank is filled to a level H (design liquid level) with a
liquid that has a specific gravity specified by the purchaser.
5.3.1.4 The hydrostatic test shell thickness shall be computed on
the basis that the tank is filled to a level H (design liquid
level) with water.
5.3.1.5 The calculated stress for each shell course shall not be
greater than the stress permitted for the particular
material used for the course. No shell course shall be
thinner than the course above it.
5.3 SHELL DESIGN : (Cont.)
5.3.3 Calculation of Thickness by the 1-Foot Method
5.3.3.1 The I-foot method calculates the thickness required at design

points 03 m (I ft) above the bottom of each shell course.
5.3.3.2 The required minimum thickness of shell plates shall be the
greater of the values computed by the following formulas:
In SI units:
td = 4.9D(H—0.3)G + CA
Sd
t t = 4.9D(H—03)
St
5.3 SHELL DESIGN : (Cont.)
where
td = design shell thickness, in mm,
tt = hydrostatic test shell thickness, in mm,
D = nominal tank diameter, in m r of the top joined (that is, the
shell plate or the bottom
H = design liquid level, in .mm,
= height from the bottom of the course under consideration to
the top angle, if any; to the bottom of any overflow that of the shell
including the top limits the tank filling height; or to any other level
specified by the purchaser, restricted by an internal floating roof, or
controlled to allow for seismic wave action,
G = design specific gravity of the liquid to be stored, as specified

by the purchaser,
CA = corrosion allowance, in mm, as specified by the purchaser
Sd = allowable stress for the design condition, in MPa
St=allowable stress for the hydrostatic test condition, in MPa
In page 3.6.1.1
CASE 1
I II III IV V VI
Can be divided into 6 courses as 2 2 2.50 2.5 2.5 2.5
Course 1
Nominal Tank Diameter in meters D = 36.00m

Height from bottom of the course = 14.00m
under consideration to the top of
shell H
Design stress to be considered Sd
= 194Mpa
Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Specific Gravity G
= 0.95
Max hyd stress to be considered = 208Mpa
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 13.80m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 11.60m
Max thickness = 13.80mm

Thickness selected t = 14mm
= 0.014m
Width of shell course W = 2.00m
Volume of Shell course V1 = 3.14 * D * W * t = 3.17
Course 2

Height from bottom of the course under
consideration to the top of shell H = 12.00m
Design stress to be considered Sd = 194 Mpa
Corrosion Allowance = 2.00mm
Specific Gravity G = 0.95
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 12.08m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 9.91m

= 0.014m

Course 3
Height from bottom of the course under = 10.00m

consideration to the top of shell H
Design stress to be considered Sd = 194Mpa
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 10.36m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 8.21m
= 0.012m

Course 4

= 194Mpa
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 8.20m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St
= 6.10m
Max thickness
= 8.20mm
= 0.010m

Course 5
Height from bottom of the course under consideration to = 5.00m

the top of shell H
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 6.05m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 3.98m
= 0.008m

Course 6
Height from bottom of the course under consideration to = 2.50m

the top of shell H

Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 3.90m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 1.86m
= 0.008m
Width of shell course W

= 2.50m
Total Volume V = V1+ V2 + V3+V4+V5+V6 = 17.07

CASE 2 I II III IV V VI
Can be divided into 6 courses as 1.5 1.5 2.50 2.5 2.5 3.5
Course 1

Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 13.80m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 11.60m
= 0.014m
Volume of Shell course V1 = 3.14 * D * W * t = 2.37m3

Course 2

Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 12.51m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 10.33m
= 0.014m

Course 3
= 11.00m
Height from bottom of the course under consideration to the top
of shell H
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 11.22m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 9.06m
= 0.012m

Course 4
Height from bottom of the course under consideration to the = 8.50m

top of shell H
Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 9.07m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 6.94m
= 0.010m

Course 5

Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Specific Gravity G
= 0.95
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 6.91m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 4.83m
= 0.008m
Course 6

= 194Mpa
Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Specific Gravity G
= 0.95
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 4.76m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 2.71m
= 0.008m
Total Volume : V1+V2+V3+V4+V5+V6 = 16.39m3
Case 3
Course 1
I II III IV V VI
Can be divided into 6 courses as 1 1.5 2.50 2.5 3 3.5

Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Specific Gravity G
= 0.95
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 13.80m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 11.60m
= 0.014m
Course 2

Height from bottom of the course under
consideration to the top of shell H = 13.00m
= 194Mpa
Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Specific Gravity G
= 0.95
Max hyd stress to be considered St = 208Mpa
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 12.94m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 10.75m
= 0.014m
Course 3

Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Specific Gravity G
= 0.95
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 11.65m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 9.48m
= 0.012m
Course 4

Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Specific Gravity G
= 0.95
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 9.50m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 7.37m
= 0.010m
Course 5

Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Specific Gravity G
= 0.95
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 7.34m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 5.25m
= 0.008m
Course 6

= 194Mpa
Corrosion Allowance
= 2.00mm
Specific Gravity G
= 0.95
Td=((4.9*D*(H-0.3)*G)/Sd))+CA = 4.76m
Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 2.71m
= 0.008m
Total Volume V1+V2+V3+V4+V5+V6 = 16.05m3
CASE 1
Total volume of shell plate required in m3 = 17.07m3
Density in kg/m3 = 9.50
The total weight of shell plates = V * density = 162.16tonnes
Material cost of shell plates = 40000.00
Overall material cost of shell plates Weight * Cost = 64.86lakhs

CASE 2

CASE 3

Most economic CASE cost = = 61.00 lakhs
So the case we should

consider should be : = CASE 3
So the values on Shell plates are :
1st shell course thickness = 14.00mm
2nd shell course thickness = 14.00mm
3rd shell course thickness = 12.00mm
4th shellcourse thickness = 10.00mm
5th shell course thickness = 8.00mm
6th shellcourse thickness = 8.00mm
Width of the plate for 1st to

6th course are : 2, 2, 2.50, 2.5, 2.5, 2.5
Conclusion
 Thus we are going to design a cone roof storage tank for the
storage of furnace oil as per the requirements of BPCL ,Kochi
 The calculations of shell thickness and bottom plates have

been completed
 The calculations of parts to be done are

 Annular bottom plates
 Radial width of bottom plate
 Design of Primary & Secondary wind girder
 Intermediate wind girder (if necessary)
 Foam system
 Riser Pipe
 Manhole
 Bolts
 nozzles
 Water Drain
 Draw off Sumps
 Cooling water system
References
 API 650 STANDARDS (11th EDITION)
 BOOK OF ABOVE GROUND STORAGE TANKS
 www.bpcl.co.in
Thank you ….

API 650 Design Tanks

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API 650 Design Tanks

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Guided by

 Flash point standard is 66 degree C

 Specific Gravity as per BPCL is 0.95 kg/mm3

 Floating roof type

 Floating cum cone roof tanks

 32 cone roof tanks are there in BPCL Kochi

 As we have to store furnace oil we shall use cone roof

 They are less expensive compared to floating roof type

5.3.1.3 The design shell thickness shall be computed on the basis

5.3.3 Calculation of Thickness by the 1-Foot Method

5.3.3.1 The I-foot method calculates the thickness required at design

G = design specific gravity of the liquid to be stored, as specified

Nominal Tank Diameter in meters D = 36.00m

Max thickness = 13.80mm

Nominal Tank Diameter in meters D = 36.00m

Design stress to be considered Sd = 194 Mpa

Corrosion Allowance = 2.00mm

Specific Gravity G = 0.95

Max hyd stress to be considered = 208Mpa

Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 9.91m

Max thickness = 12.08mm

Thickness selected t = 14mm

Volume of Shell course V2 = 3.14 * D * W * t = 3.17

Nominal Tank Diameter in meters D = 36.00m

Height from bottom of the course under = 10.00m

Design stress to be considered Sd = 194Mpa

Corrosion Allowance = 2.00mm

Specific Gravity G = 0.95

Max hyd stress to be considered = 208Mpa

Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 8.21m

Max thickness = 10.36mm

Thickness selected t = 12mm

Width of shell course W = 2.50m

Volume of Shell course V3 = 3.14 * D * W * t = 3.39

Nominal Tank Diameter in meters D = 36.00m

Height from bottom of the course under = 7.50m

Corrosion Allowance = 2.00mm

Specific Gravity G = 0.95

Max hyd stress to be considered = 208Mpa

Thickness selected t = 10mm

Width of shell course W = 2.50m

Volume of Shell course V4 = 3.14 * D * W * t = 2.83

Nominal Tank Diameter in meters D = 36.00m

Height from bottom of the course under consideration to = 5.00m

Design stress to be considered Sd = 194Mpa

Corrosion Allowance = 2.00mm

Specific Gravity G = 0.95

Max hyd stress to be considered = 208Mpa

Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 3.98m

Max thickness = 6.05mm

Thickness selected t = 8mm

Width of shell course W = 2.50m

Volume of Shell course V5 = 3.14 * D * W * t = 2.26

Nominal Tank Diameter in meters D = 36.00m

Height from bottom of the course under consideration to = 2.50m

Design stress to be considered Sd = 194Mpa

Corrosion Allowance = 2.00mm

Specific Gravity G = 0.95

Tt =(4.9D(H – 0.3))/St = 1.86m

Max thickness = 3.90mm

Thickness selected t = 8mm

Width of shell course W

Volume of Shell course V6 = 3.14 * D * W * t = 2.26