Zaxo - University

ECLIPSE 100
Introductory Course

Course tutor: Mariam Wanli

5/12/2018
Conceptually How Eclipse
Works
Construct
grid

Kr FVF
Provide
PVT and
rock data
Sw P
Output
Input GOC
visualisation
data WOC

Initialise
model
& analysis

Define
Rate wells and
supply
production
Time schedule
ECLIPSE Input File

Rules govern how input file to be edited

 split into sections
 each section starts with a keyword
 sections must be in order
The main Keywords used in
Eclipse

 •RUNSPEC Required
 •GRID Required
 •EDIT Optional
 •PROPS Required
 •REGIONS Optional
 •SOLUTION Required
 •SUMMARY Optional
 •SCHEDULE Required
 Each of them is followed by many sub-keywords.
 ECLIPSE File Sections

 RUNSPEC General characteristics of model

 GRID Cell dimensions & rock properties
 PROPS Fluid properties
 SOLUTION Initial reservoir conditions
 SUMMARY Output required
 SCHEDULE Well data & production schedule
 Preparing Data File
 Data specified using appropriate keywords.
 Keywords are explained in the manual.
 Keywords must start in column 1 of the file.
 Data should be on next line after keyword.
 A / must be inserted after specifying the data.
 Any line beginning with - - is ignored.
 Blank lines are ignored.
 ECLIPSE Tutorial 1

1 2 3 4 5

500 50
500 50
500 50
500
1
500
2
1
3
2
4
3
5

500 500 500 500 500

RUNSPEC Section

Contains general information such as:

 title of simulation
 number of grid cells in model
 phases present
 units used
 maximum number of wells & groups
 maximum number of relative permeability
tables
 start date of simulation
Tutorial 1: RUNSPEC Section

 RUNSPEC keyword
 Title (TITLE)
3D 2-Phase
 Number of grid cells (DIMENS)
(NX) 5 (NY) 5 (NZ) 3
 Phases present
OIL WATER (GAS)
Tutorial 1: RUNSPEC Section

 Choice of units
FIELD (METRIC) (LAB)
 Maximum number of wells, connections &
groups (WELLDIMS)
(max wells) 2 (max cons/well) 3
(max groups) 2 (max wells/group) 1
 Maximum number of relative permeability
tables (TABDIMS) 2
Tutorial 1: RUNSPEC Section

 Unified output files

UNIFOUT
(alternative to having output files for each time step)
 Start date (START)
1 Jan 2006
GRID Section

 Defines the geometry of the simulation grid and the various

rock properties:
 geometry
 size and location of each grid block
 rock properties
 porosity and absolute permeability
Tutorial 1: GRID Section

 Starts with GRID keyword

 Model will use block centred geometry
 Data for each grid block can be specified in either
of two ways:
1 Defining values for each cell, one at a time
2 Defining a value for a box which contains a
group of cells
Tutorial 1:
Defining values one cell at a time

 Example: set 10 cells to have length of 500 feet

using DX keyword
DX
500 500 500 500 500
500 500 500 500 500 /
or
DX
10*500 /
Tutorial 1: Notes on
Defining values one cell at a time

 No data on same line as keyword

 At least one space between data
 If using multiplier * no space on either side of *
 x co-ordinate varies fastest, z co-ordinate slowest
 end input of data with /
 Tutorial 1:
Defining values using BOX
 Example: Define a box as follows:
X direction - cell 1 to cell 5
Y direction - cell 1 to cell 5
Z direction - cell 1 to cell 1 (top layer only)
 Set the depth below sea level of the tops of each cell in the box to
8,000 feet using the BOX, TOPS and ENDBOX keywords
 Tutorial 1:
Defining values using BOX
-- X1 X2 Y1 Y2 Z1 Z2
BOX
1 5 1 5 1 1 /
TOPS
25*8000 /
ENDBOX
 Notes - specify value for each cell in box -
use ENDBOX to end definition
 Tutorial 1: GRID Section

Rock properties must be defined for each cell

 Absolute permeability in each direction:
 PERMX
 PERMY
 PERMZ
 Porosity
 PORO
PROPS Section
Contains:
 Fluid densities
 PVT properties of

 dead oil
 live oil
 dry gas
 wet gas
 water
 Rock compressibility
 Relative permeability tables
Tutorial 1: PROPS Section

 Starts with PROPS keyword

 Oil, water and gas densities (DENSITY)
 Tables of PVT properties
 PVDO PVT properties of dead oil
 PVTW PVT properties of water
 Rock compressibility (ROCK)
 Oil and water relative permeabilities in one (SWOF) table
PROPS Section

 •PROPS Keyword is followed by many sub-keywords

which are:
 •SWOF
 •PVTW
 •ROCK
 •DENSITY
 •PVDO
 •RSCONST
 •SWFN
 •SOF3
 •SGFN
 SOLUTION Section
Initial reservoir conditions are set by one of:
1 EQUILIBRATION - Define pressure at datum depth to allow internal
pressure vs. depth tables to be calculated.
2 RESTART - Load pressures and saturations for each grid cell from
a previous run.
3 ENUMERATION - Specify pressures and saturations for each cell
explicitly.
SOLUTION Section

 Starts with SOLUTION keyword

 Use Equilibration data (EQUIL)
 pressure at datum depth
 WOC
 GOC
 Outside the transition zones the initial saturations are set to the
appropriate end points of the saturation table (SWOF)
SCHEDULE Section

Drives the simulator by defining:

 Well locations and completions
 Production and injection rates and pressures
 Time steps
 for calculations
 for reports
Tutorial 1: SCHEDULE
Section

 Starts with SCHEDULE keyword

 WELSPECS and COMPDAT to specify
 Vertical oil production well (prod) in cells (1,1,1) -> (1,1,3)
 Vertical water injection well (inj) in cells (5,5,1) -> (5,5,3)
Tutorial 1: SCHEDULE
Section
 WCONPROD
 produce 10,000 stb/day of liquid
 minimum BHP limit of 2,000 psia
 WCONINJ
 inject 11,000 stb/day of water
 maximum BHP limit of 10,000 psia
 TSTEP gives each t (not total time)
SUMMARY Section

 Specifies items to be output to summary files at each time

step. These can be plotted using ECLIPSE Office or Excel.
 May include, for example:
 Field quantities, such as total oil production rate or fluid in
place
 Well quantities, such as water cut or bottom hole pressure
 Completion quantities, as for wells
SUMMARY Section

Keywords usually have four letters

1st letter F Field
R Region
W Well
C Completion
B Block
 SUMMARY Section

2nd letter O Oil (@ surface)

W Water (@ surface)
G Gas (@ surface)
L Liquid (oil + water @ surface)
V Volume (in reservoir)
3rd letter P Production
I Injection
SUMMARY Section

4th letter R Rate

T Total (or cumulative)

Examples:
FOPR Field Oil Production Rate
WWIT Well Water Injection Total
SUMMARY Section

Some exceptions
WWCT Well Water Cut
WBHP Well Bottom Hole Pressure
FPR Field Average Pressure
CPR Connection Pressure
FGOR Field Gas Oil Ratio
WCONHIST & TSTEP Or DATE

 •WCONHIST: Observed rates for history

matching wells.
 •TSTEP Or DATE: Advances simulator to
new report time(s) or specified report
date(s).
Thank You!