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9/6/2018

THEOLOGY 3305 KEY POINTS

I. Introduction

- Civilization of love is key to authentic development

- Proper orientation of reason can never be absent from the human activity

- Divine Plan = bear fruit = generosity and charity, but sins can undermine His plan

- Money must serve not rule for the real well-being of humanity to win, humans must find a way

to positively utilize money for everyone’s welfare

II. Fundamental Considerations

- People-centered is the ethics needed to function correctly

- Markets are incapable of governing themselves nor correcting harmful forces

- Goal: Renewal of humanity from speculative economy, which deals with interest and risk, to

find way for wealth to benefit all

III. Some Clarifications in Today’s Context

- Must share fruits because it does not only represent distribution, but multiplication as well

- Sees profit and shareholder’s benefit as a bigger goal than other stakeholders’ (link b/w

economic reasoning and ethical logic)

- Need for set of guidelines to comply w/ regulations and ethics


Ex: The subprime mortgage crisis happened w/o oversight and existence of shadow banking

system where authorities lost control over national securities

- Offshore Sites- dividing investments b/w two or many countries as a way to prevent double

taxation

 Hypocrisy occurs as a result because investors believe crime committed elsewhere other than

their home country does not constitute as a crime

- Unequal tax systems in different nations tend to put the economically weaker people at a

disadvantage while rewarding the rich. This overall non-transparency of the tax systems causes

trouble.

 Offshore sites create enormous outflow of capital in third world countries, which foster

economic and political crises (aggravated debt) that distract them from their initial healthy

growth.

 Government trying to mitigate this offshore financial bases problem have been unsuccessful

b/c these bases (aka investors) have substantial economic influence to void all the proposed and

passed regulations. The solution needed is to start at the international organization level.

- We contribute to the market w/ our supply and demand/ shopping habits

Conclusion End Goal: Joining together all “good will” actions, no matter what extent of

significance, to unite human and earth and humanize every individual

9/10/18

- Encyclicals: circular letters from an official (papal)

- The people who do have money have to be responsible for those at the margins
- Ethics has come to be known as a counterproductive exercise

 What are the challenges? No one likes ethics

 What are the traditional ways of resolving applied ethics cases?

 Demonstrate the import of theology for the marketplace?

- Business ethics is an oxymoron aka as a lawless moral dystopia

- Ethisphere Institute announces the most ethical companies w/ Dell, Ford Motor Company, and

General Electric Company leading the list

Trends that help a company be more ethical:

 The growing method and focus on measuring culture and keeping up w/ trends (ex:

Blockbuster, Toys R Us, Radioshack)

 New Governance trends including how to better ensure you have an educated and informed

governing authority

Companies must have: robust corporate compliance programs, strong CSR policies, comply w/

federal sentencing guidelines, should be abiding by international labor, anti-trust and trade laws,

should be monitoring supply chain to make sure companies are also sticking to international law

and labor standards

- Two types of Applied Ethics:

1. Decision-making- what should I do? Seeking to make right decision

2. Character-based- who should I become?

- Consequentialism: (Jeremy Bentam) focuses on consequences of actions


Ends: Consequential “best not result”

- Deontology: (Immanuel Kant) focuses on duties and is fateful to the rule

- Virtue Ethics: focus on character

9/13/18

How much is too much money, sex, and power? Or is there enough? If not, we become

miserable, anxious, and deprived

 Define moral philosophy, moral theology, morality, and ethics, as well as relationship

b/w morality and law

 Explain connection b/w morality and happiness

 Explain one’s understanding of God

- Answer the following on One Republic’s “Good Life”:

 To live best life possible, companionship and wealth are necessary

- Morality is to ethics, while the World Wide Web is to Internet

- Internet is an infrastructure on which the World Wide Web lives, the Web is what we see not

the internet

- If the internet goes down the Web goes down, but not the other way around

- Ethics = Virtues, Values, & Visions

- Moral Philosophy - Reason

- Moral Theology – God

- Morality = Maximum
Law Minimum
- Augustine and Aquinas both claim we cannot find happiness here

1. Augustine- great happiness is in eternal life


- Moral theology is a reflection concerned with “morality,” with the good and evil of human acts

and of the person who performs them

 Objective truths = non-negotiable (ex: we value everyone in our country = inclusion)

9/17/2018

- Morality and ethics are the underlying VVV (Vision, Values, or Virtues) of a company that

prompt actions/activity

 To change a company’s culture, you have to start with morality

We work to 1. Make money, 2. Self-development, 3. Participate and enter God’s Kingdom

- Critical Questions:

1. Explain Aristotle and Aquinas’ understanding of friendship.

2. Identify how friendship is the part of “best life possible”

3. What are three (3) ways that friendship helps the human person become good?

- Qualities of a Good Friendship: available, loyalty, supportive, dedication, not quid pro quo (I

scratch your back, you scratch mine)

- JoHari

Public Self – What others Private-Public- Things we

know about us know about ourselves that

others do not

Public-Private- Things others Private Self- What we don’t

know about ourselves that we know about ourselves

don’t know
- Aristotle on Friendship: happiness (eudaimonia) is some kind of activity of the soul in

conformity w/ virtue, only b/w persons, the friends must practice benevolence, the benevolence

must be reciprocal

Thomas Aquinas on Friendship: There is nothing on this earth more to be prized than true

friendship, “mutual benevolence love on a common ground, and has as its normal rule,

unselfishness…(Genesis)”

Benevolence- wanting the best for each other

5 Books of the Bible (aka Torah or Pentateuch) – Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Deuterony,

Lavetius

*Midterm Question: How does friendship help us be good?

1. Friendship only possible when we are willing to open our lives to others – drop phones and

pay attention to someone (expand the circle of love)

2. Every real friendship contributes to our moral development and growth in the virtues b/c

friendship draws us out of ourselves and teaches us to care for others (benevolence or

beneficene)

3. Friendships form us morally b/c in ordinary life in any friendship we grow in virtues most

essential for life (generosity and thought)

Saying: “Show me your friends and I know the type of person you are.”

- Jesus’ friends include Peter, John, Matthew, Judas, Mary Magdalene, and Lazarus, the only

people left over after Jesus’ crucification are Mary and John

- Friendship based on utility does not last forever

9/24/18

By the end of class:


1. Difference b/w anthropology from theological anthropology

2. Identify role of stewardship and vocation play in fostering theological anthropology

3. Difference theological anthropology make for the marketplace

Morality/Ethics – VVV in Ethics impact moral life and how we live our life

- The How: Sacred Scripture, Old Testament & New Testament

- Anthropology: the study of humanity, what does it mean to be human

- What does it mean to be human? What are some distinguishing characteristics from all other

animals?

- Oscar Wilde sign: “Be who you are, everyone else is taken”

- Theological Anthropology: addresses humans as created in the image of God, with a special

qualitative relation to God compared to other species. Deals w/ the restoration of human

relationship w/ God through life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Carried out in

dialogue with other disciplines studying diff aspects of humanity and can offer a theological

framework for the interpretation of these.

- To be human means to be an embodied spirit who thinks, acts, speaks, and desires, created in

the image of God

- Bible says humans are good – everything created by God is perfect and as it intended, humans

are male and female (equal to each other)

- Vocation – an occupation to which a person is specifically drawn or for which they are suited,

trained, or qualified

- Stewardship – reaching out to others

Midterm – 20 short essays and 40 multiple choices

10/1/18
1. Why is freedom a “dangerous topic”? Is freedom problematic for the marketplace?

2. What does it mean when Jesus is the “Great Event” of freedom? Implications for business?

- Two types of freedom: freedom from and freedom for

- Freedom is both a gift and a virtue (perfect that freedom through practice and education)

- Freedom is about moving in space

- W/ law comes freedom b/c there are responsibilities to the common good

- Culpability – responsibility: to use freedom virtuously

- Civic, prudent - doing or saying the right thing at the right time for the right reason , and

discourse are necessary in conversation

- Three Stages of Development in Freedom:

1. Discipline

2. Progress

3. Perfection

10/4/18

- Sin - religious term although used in secular conversation

 responsibility to what?

1. Demands of a relationship

2. Freedom

- Law helps us focus our lives to avoid an anarchy

- All was created as good  temptation came in  leading to a choice  corruption (sin) of

freedom

- Between Genesis to Revelation and Apocalypse there is a power struggle b/w god and

humanity
- Sin is about getting lost in relationship

- Human person is “image Dei” – image of God

- Christian Life – Recovery Operation: Salvation, Redemption, Grace, Pardon, Deliverance,

Never Finished Healing, Rehabilitation

- External Transgression:

1. Hamartia/Hatta: missing the mark or target (of a relationship)

2. Adikia or Awon: act of injustice – deviating off track

3. Anomia or Pesha: lawlessness and rebellion – breaking of a covenant (promise b/w two

people)

- Sin: debilitating quality of soul, “walk in darkness”, “wander from path”, “hard heart and

stiff neck”, alienation from self, God, others, perverse quality of character

- Types of Sin:

1. Venial & Mortal Sins

2. Habitual – total loss of freedom

3. Social or Institutional Sin

4. Sins of Omission/Commission – something we fail to do or something we do

- The Original Sin – while God’s creation remains indisputably good, it is not perfect and

needs healing and restoration

- Historically, business ethics has been approached via negativa, that is with a retelling of

corporate realities gone awry and the stakeholders’ profit put in jeopardy. Good Business

takes a somewhat radically different approach, especially in most of its case studies. Explain

that approach and evaluate that way as to whether or not you believe that it is a viable way

to study business ethics.


Good Business takes the opposite approach of most ethics books where instead of focusing

on the bad behavior dominating the business world that is barely in check, the book uses

positive case studies to highlight the wonderful things that businesses actually do. I believe

this is a viable way of studying business because students have always been exposed, no

matter through education or online news, to mainly the evil and corruption that occur in the

marketplace. Therefore, this positive radical approach can disapprove this notion and show

students how there is good in the business world and that it is only overshadowed by the

reporting and controversy of the bad.

3. Identify and describe two (2) challenges of business ethics, one positive and one

negative dimension.

Positive  It can get difficult in distinguishing what are the right business ethics when

what is ethically acceptable in the marketplace differs from region to region. For

instance, in Asia, insider trading is allowed, but in the United States it is considered a

crime. Companies must establish strict management philosophy for their employees to

make the most ethical business judgments.

Negative  When companies conform to the morality of business ethics, some would

end up losing profit as they are forced by their morality to hire local laborers instead of

cheap child laborers in a factory overseas. Labor cost would cut a big chunk into their

expenses.

10/15/18

- ROSCA  Rotating…Saving…Association

- SILC Advantages- hands on way to teach good group mgmt. skills, practical way of

learning food group participation skills, teaches members financial and resource mgmt.,
creates savings habit and ability to invest productive activities, develops and strengthens

member social cohesion, empowers members, particularly women, to have a stronger

economic voice in their households, provides access to finance, prepares communities

for development

- Last Mile Free-to-Fee Transition- training on financial education and marketing basics,

last mile retail of solar lamps and improved cookstove, agricultural input supply and

technical assistance delivery

- Integrating SILC into other programs- members willing to share their ideas w/

development actors, work as active partners rather than passive recipients, learn to

provide feedback when things are not working

Topics for Research Competition

- Is there a business case for philanthropic investment (people’s donations to charities

that deliver value) in savings groups? (Why, who, what level, reporting (or not), social

value, and moral hazard issues (is my money distorting the market and causing

problems?))

Ex: KIVA??

- Is there business case for linking savings groups to formal financial service providers?

(such as banks/other commercial FSP, microfinance institutions, SACCO/Credit Unions,

moral hazard issues)

- Is there a business case for formal regulation of savings groups? (Regulated by

whom, cost regulation (for savings groups, for promoters, for govt), advantages of

regulation, disadvantages of regulation, moral hazard issue)

 moral issue hazard – Esther Chai, gig economy,


Check out Charitynavigator.com, www.Seepnetwork.org

 disadvantages

10/18/18

- Moral Cooperation – to what degree am I culpable (responsible) for my actions

 Two distinctions: formal and material

Examples: You are asked to drive your friend for an abortion

Material Cooperation- You provide the car (means)

Formal Cooperation- Car + Intent (means)

- When the human person flourishes, God delights

- Concupiscence- baptism x original sin; predilection for doing evil or bad things

- Conscience- guide to right or wrong, lead from temptation, thoughts/reflection, trustworthy

 Conscience tells us what is right or wrong, can have a religious source, rooted in notion of

human nature, often neg in character, telling us what is not right from wrong (Don’t remember if

this is really on it)

- Guilt is good because guilt asks the question of what I did is wrong that is not compatible with

my conscience

- Resort to animalistic nature and forgo power and intimacy

- Posterior-Conscience- magnify the guilt and causes problematic life

- Root Meaning of Conscience: an action, not a thing; latin word for to know

- Conscience: self-conscious, integrate reason and emotion, will in self committed decisions,

right/wrong, good/evil

- Prudence- doing or saying the right thing at the right time for the right reason

- How do you develop prudence? (components of prudence slide)


10/29/2018

- Violent & Disordered Interaction w/ Others/ Corrupt Understanding of Love

1. What is the Christian call to love, its motivation for loving, the spectrum of human actions of

“love”?

2. What is the order of love?

God  Self  Others

- God loves person, person loves God, then person loves others???

3. Explain love of God as espoused in Sacred Scripture.

- How does one define “love”?

Love is transformative

- What are the three monotheistic religions? Judaism? Christian? Islam?

- Characteristics of God’s Love: Creative & Affirming, Insightfully Directed to the True Well-

Being of Others, Steadfast, Patient, & Faithful

- Holy Trinity- Living, Vibrant, United Perfectly in Love, Mutual, Reciprocal

1. What is the order of love?

a. God  Human Person  Others

11/8/2018

- What does Jerusalem have to do with Athens?

- Correct notion of justice found in  Catechism: an organized presentation of the essential

teachings of the Catholic Church in regards to both faith and moral

- 4 C’s Characteristics of a Church: Community, Cult, Creed, and Code

- Magisterum – teaching authority of the church; leadership of church


- Church has a right and issue to speak out against the common good

- What are three things we can learn from this speech?

1. Market Value  So much of the missing people in the world is caused by people only

attracted to people with market value

2. Economic power = political power are synonymous

3. The expendability of the people  first Muslim representative in Michigan, first black woman

attorney general in New York

- Three Church’s social teaching:

1. Proposes principles for reflection

2. Criteria for judgment

3. Gives guidelines for action

- The way the church approaches biomedical social teaching is very different than sexual social

teaching:

- Intercourse is for procreation and unification

- Racialism is believed by church to be ok and taxation or usury could not be imposed upon a

financial relationship

- Name of these documents are found in Vatican.ca, 1891-2015 Church’s response (list 6

documents, year, issues deal with on exam)

11/15/18

- 7 Themes of Catholic Social Teaching: (Know them and where they are violated in the

marketplace)

1. Life and Dignity of a Human Person – all life is sacred ex: abortion, death penalty
2. Call to Family, Community, and Participation – protect institution supporting our community

ex: marriage

3. Rights and Responsibilities

4. Option for the Poor and Vulnerable

5. The Dignity of Work and the Rights of Workers

6. Solidarity

7. Care for God’s Creation

- Canon – grouping of official texts, last encyclical Pope Francis, 2015, Laudato Si

- Human Trafficking is a violation (“steals”) of human dignity

Human Dignity = freedom, equality, happiness, respect, honor

 Humans in human trafficking are known as object, property, and commodity to be

bought and sold

 Human person is always a subject

- Doctors are much more than medical professionals

- Three Groups of People we must Respect: sanitation, secretary, and security

- Indifference – cavalier attitude that ignores cries of the poor

- Culture of Self-Reference – all about me; use other people as utilities/objects

- Alien Dignity – given dignity just b/c you are human

- Anawim – grouping of the orphan, widow, and the stranger (in Deuteronomy)

- 4 Gospels: Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John (1st three = Synoptic gospel = Horizontal

Christianity – all begin in infancy narrative, John written much later to discuss theologically

what it means for Jesus as God’s son = Vertical Christianity)


- Acts of the Apostles – written by same Luke = going out and proclaiming the good news mean

evangelization, usually performed by Peter and Paul

Ro Co Co Gal Eph Phi Col The The Tim Tim Ti Phil

- Roman

- Corinthians 1

- Corinthians 2

- Galatians

- Timothy 1

- Timothy 2

11/19/18

- Distinction b/w books of the Bible: History, Prophets, Writings (wisdom), Christian Scriptures

- old/new = 1st/2nd Testament

- 7 Books Removed – Martin Luther said not to include

- Canon – official roster or group (show what is included and what is not included)

- Dignity and Respect assure the common good

- Teeter-totter: balancing collectivism and individualism w/ the State helping balance

- Three Social and Economic Condition for the Common Good:

1. Access to Public Goods

2. Enabling Social Participation in those Goods

3. Possibility for Human Flourishing – at least minimally

- Garrett Hardin focuses on environmental degradation, population growth, limited natural

resources, privatization of land

- Building the Common Good costs money


- First five books of the Bible is called the Torah

- Anowe?? – the aliens = the widows and the orphans

- New Testament – people share w/ each other, but why is everyone so greedy?

 Everyone is connected

- Polis – the “commons”

- Common Good & the State – State has important role to play in seeking the good for all

- Historical Tradition: Enlightenment is the root of greed and injustice

- Common Good defined: sum total of conditions of social living whereby individuals are

enabled more fully and more readily to achieve their own perfection

- Gaudium et Spes = Joy and Hope

- Three Essential Elements of the CG = Rights, Needs, and Peace

11/26/2018

- Stewardship – safeguarding material and human resources and using them responsibly are one

answer; so is generous giving of time, talent, and treasure

- Who control narrative of society today? Media

- Obstacles to stewardship? Secular culture encourages us to focus on ourselves and our

pleasures

- Good Company Index affected by consumer expectations & transparency, take care of the

communities they touch (abide by laws and regulations, caring for employees, using core

capabilities to help local solve local and global problems, showing restraint in executive

compensation, use of tax havens, & brand presence)

- Dietruch Bonhoeffer??

- Unless you reach rock bottom, you do not know what value is
- Repeat the phrase on “Poor in Trajectory if CST” for test

Human Trafficking poster  concrete steps that are new or been done

11/29/2018 – Subsidiarity & Globalization

- Economic justice for all:

1. What does the economy do to the people?

2. For the people?

3. How are people involved with decision making about economic decisions?

- Final Exam Questions:

Define subsidiarity area? Their four key moments? The problem? Relationship between social

entrepreneurship and subsidiarity?

- Challenge of Subsidiarity: Easier to make decisions alone, so the challenge is to involve

everyone

- Four foundational concepts of subsidiarity:

Subsidiarity – decisions can be made on the lowest level should be made on the lowest level

 Does a bottom up power approach to empower people

1. The human person, created in the image and likeness of God, should be treated w/ dignity

and respect to live a life of flourishing

2. Humans are social beings created to be in relationship w/ others.


3. All goods of earth are to be understood as gifts from Gift.

4. Poverty is a scandal – poverty would cease to exist if human dignity, common good, and

stewardship govern the relationships between human beings

- Pope Pius XI: Do not withdraw from individuals

- The Local Gets Lost in the Global – cost/benefit analysis

- Bottom of Pyramid (BoP) – people that have been left out of the equation/decision-making

- Social Entrepreneurship – use of start-up companies and their entrepreneurs to develop, fund,

and implement solutions to social, cultural, and environmental issues

Ex: Strap hangers campaign

- New paradigm = a new understanding of how business is defined; based upon relationship

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