TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTION: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------03
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN: ------------------------------------------------------------------03
SOME STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF PAKISTAN ECONOMY: ---------------------------03
INTRODUCTION OF FIVE-YEAR PLANNING IN PAKISTAN: --------------------------------------04
First Five-Year Plan (1955-60) -An Erratic Beginning to planned Development. ---------------------04
Size of Plan:
Objectives:
Priorities:
Targets:
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:
Critical overview and Disadvantages of the plan:
Second Five-Year Plan (1960-65) -An Experiment in ‘Functional Inequality’. ------------------------05
Size of the Plan:
Objectives:
Priorities:
Targets:
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:
Critical overview and Disadvantages of the plan:
Third Five year Plan (1965-70) -A Prisoner of Extraordinary Events. ----------------------------------06
Size of the Plan:
Objective:
Targets:
Achievement and Advantages of the plan:
Critical overview and Disadvantages of the plan:
Fourth Five-year Plan (1970-75) -A non-starter from the beginning. ------------------------------------07
Size of the Plan:
Objectives:
Priorities:
Targets: Evaluation:

1
Fifth Five-Year Plan (1978-83) -A Return of the Medium Term Planning. -----------------------------08
Size of the Plan:
Objectives:
Priorities:
Targets:
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:
Criticism and Disadvantages of the plan:
Sixth Five year Plan (1983-88) -Development of the people, by the people, for the people. ---------09
Size of the Plan:
Objectives:
Targets:
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:
Critical overview and Disadvantages of the plan:
Seventh Five Year Plan (1988-93) -Precursor of a long-term vision. -------------------------------------10
Size of the Plan:
Objectives:
Priorities:
Targets:
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:
Criticism and Disadvantages of the plan: Evaluation:
Eighth Five year Plan (1993-98) -An exercise in better macro-economic Management. -------------11
Size of the Plan:
Objectives:
Targets:
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:
Criticism and Disadvantages of the plan:
MTDF (2005-2010):-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
RECOMMENDATIONS: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12
CONCLUSION: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
REFERENCES: -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------14

2
INTRODUCTION:
An economy is a complex structure of consumers and producers, which have beneficial role for each
other. Pakistan has a semi-industrialized economy, which mainly encompasses textiles, chemicals, food
processing, agriculture and other industries.
At the time of independence, economy of Pakistan had nothing to survive, but still it made its way in the
line of developing country through many experiments in political and economic history.
Pakistan's average economic growth rate since independence has been higher than the average growth rate
of the world economy during the period.
ECONOMIC PROBLEMS OF PAKISTAN:
The trade account remains in deficit during most of the years in history and is still in the same condition
due to more dependence on imports. The excessive dependence on imports has also disturbed our
foreign exchange reserves. The continuous devaluation of Pakistani rupee was also result of these
economic problems. Public debt, to manage the economy, is rising sharply.
The economy has suffered in the past from decades of internal political disputes, a fast growing
population and ongoing confrontation with neighboring India.
War with India in 1965 and separation of Bangladesh in 1971 adversely affected economic growth. In
particular, the latter war brought the economy, close to recession, although economic output rebounded
sharply until the nationalizations of the mid-1970s.
Despite having so much turbulent time, Pakistan has witnessed the time of fastest growth in South Asia
region. However, the inconsistent policies and narratives of every government failed this state many
times. These variable policies are still freezing the Pakistan to live among the developing world.
The capitalists and property owners, who emerged because of different economic follies, have hijacked
the economic development of country. This elite joined hands with military and bureaucratic muscle
of the country and remained a key player in ousting different democratic governments. Beside this, the
linkage with international monetary institutions during 80’s has also started to engulf the economic
independence of the country and has trapped this country in to debt trap.
Pakistan is rich in every type of resource, but the situation is getting worse with every passing day.
Despite of having vast reserves of coal, oil, gold, gas and many other valuable minerals, Pakistan is
depending on international aid for its economic and social revival. The share of different sectors in the
economy has been changed much, since independence.
SOME STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF PAKISTAN ECONOMY:
All sectors growth has declined after the 1980s but there was slightly improvement in the 2000s decade.
Pakistan has a large pool of human resource, which can be turned into productive one, by adopting a
wise policy.
Pakistan has vast fertile land, which led it to self-sufficiency in food. Abundance of natural resources,
human capital, excellent geographical location and hardworking masses are the strengths of Pakistan
economy. Pakistan is aggressively cutting tariffs and assisting exports by improving ports, roads,
electricity supplies and irrigation projects.

3
It is evident that Pakistan’s economy has many problems, so an integrated economic, social and
political framework is needed to bring Pakistan out of this complication. If we look at the historical
performance of the Pakistan economy, then it is observed that after the 1980s Pakistan economic growth
has been continuously decreasing.
Low literacy rate and ignorance, shortage of capital, no regard for rule of law and institutions,
inefficient and ritual-ridden social system and corrupt political environment, dominated by non-
progressive elements of tribal sardars and feudal advisors are some weaknesses of Pakistan economic
system.
INTRODUCTION OF FIVE-YEAR PLANNING IN PAKISTAN:
The over-time review of the economy is divided into various phases. The first five-year plan was made in
1955 and from that time to up till now eight five-year plans have been made in history of Pakistan after
regular intervals which are listed and discussed below:

1. First Five-Year Plan (1955-60) -An Erratic Beginning to planned Development.

2. Second Five-Year Plan (1960-65) -An Experiment in Functional Inequality.
3. Third Five-Year Plan (1965-70) -A Prisoner of Extraordinary Events.
4. Fourth Five-Year Plan (1970-75) -A non-starter from the beginning.
5. Fifth Five-Year Plan (1978-83) -A Return of the Medium Term Planning.
6. Sixth Five-Year Plan (1983-88) -Development of the people, by the people, for the people.
7. Seventh Five-Year Plan (1988-93) -Precursor of a long Term vision.
8. Eighth Five-Year Plan (1993-98) -An exercise in better macro-economic Management.
First Five-Year Plan (1955-60) -An Erratic Beginning to planned Development.
First draft of this plan was developed in 1956, but due to lack of administrative and professional staff and
absence of statistical data, this draft could not be published. It was revised in late 1956 and published in
May 1958.
Size of Plan:
The size of plan was Rs.11, 500 Million that was revised to Rs.10, 800 Million. It was decided to invest
Rs.7, 500 Million in public sectors and Rs.3, 300 Million in Private sector. Rs.66, 000 Million were
decided to finance by internal sources and Rs.42, 000 Million by external sources.
Objectives:

 To raise national income and per capita income.

 Creation of employment opportunities and increase economic development.
 Increase production in agriculture and industrial sectors.
 Reduction in regional disparities and improvement of living standard.
Priorities:

 In first five-year plan, highest priority was given to the agriculture sector and the industrial
sectors. Second priority was given to the water and power sectors.

4
Targets:

 Increase in national income by 15% and increase in population by 7%.

 To build food grain generation by 9%.
 To create 2 million new jobs and to expand exports by 15%.
 Increase in production of industrial sector by 60%.
 Rehabilitation and renovation of Railway by restoring railroad track and moving stock.
 To reduce the burden of foreign aid and increase internal savings from 5 to 7%.
 1 million additional children to be admitted to primary schools and 144,000 to be put in
secondary schools.
 Planners concern was to create the physical, social and institutional infrastructure required for
development.
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:

 National income increased to 13%.

 Industrial production increased by 42.36%.
 400, 000 children actually admitted to primary schools and 195, 000 in secondary schools.
 The plan succeeded in building up some infrastructure and industrial growth.
Critical overview and Disadvantages of the plan:

 The plan did not receive formal approval from government until 1957 and never received full
support from government.
 Unemployment situation worsened and 5.6% fall in export index.
 Financial resources available for development fell short of expectations.
 The most disappointing feature of plan was the failure in the key agriculture sector as it allocated
only 11% of the total investment funds to agriculture as against 28% to industry.
 Education priorities were distorted in favor of higher education.
 Performance was less encouraging in transport sector.
Second Five-Year Plan (1960-65) -An Experiment in Functional Inequality.
The first five-year plan had failed to command wide political or public support. The second plan was
approved and implemented in June 1960. The plan was revised after only one year and the revised plan
was published in November 1961.
Size of the Plan:
The size of the plan was Rs.19 Billion after revision. It was extended to Rs.23 Billion from which Rs.12.5
Billion were financed from internal resources and Rs.10.5 Billion from external resources.
Objectives:

 To increase national income and to create job opportunities inside and outside the country.
 To increase the production of agriculture sector.
 To increase foreign exchange earnings by 3% per annum, to correct Balance of payments.
 To expand the Education, health and social welfare facility.
 To increase savings and investment and it was decided to invest more in East Pakistan.

5
Priorities:

 Highest priority was given to agriculture sector in order to reduce the food grain shortage and
attain self-sufficiency in agriculture products. The second priority was given to industrial sector
and third priority was given to communication sector.
Targets:

 Increase in GNP up to 24% and per capita income up to 12%.

 Achievement of growth rate of 4.7% and increase in saving rate by 10%.
 Increase in production of food grains by 21%.
 Creation of 3 Million new jobs and to develop 300,000 new residential plots.
 To increase the output of jute, cotton, tea and forest products by increasing the farm acreage.
 To increase the installed power capacity by 508 MWs.
 To set up 1300 new post offices and to establish 30 projects for rehabilitation.
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:

 Increase in GNP by 30% and 15% increase in per capita income.

 Achievement of economic growth of 5.5%.
 Foreign exchange earnings of 18% above target.
 3.6 million Jobs were actually created.
 Creation of 1,546 new post offices and 53,500 new telephone connections.
 The share of the manufacturing industry in GNP as a whole rose from 9.3% in 1960 to 11.5% in
1965.
Critical overview and Disadvantages of the plan:

 The implementation of plan was good and satisfactory and in spite of the success of plan in many
important fields, there were still some faults.
 The focus was on import subsidy policy. It created problems for local industry.
 More over this subsidy policy was not fair. Big industrialists and entrepreneurs benefited from this
policy.
 Tax policy was also in favor of rich industrialists.
 There was great discontent amongst the masses resulting from income inequalities generated by
the development strategy of the plan.
Third Five year Plan (1965-70) -A Prisoner of Extraordinary Events.
The preparation for the third five-year plan was started before the end of the second five-year plan. It was
approved by National Economic Council (NEC) in May 1965 and was revised in 1966 due to war of 1965
with India.
Size of the Plan:
Total size of the plan was Rs.52, 000 Million as compared to Rs.23 Billion in (1960-1965), out of which
30, 000 Million was allocated for public sector and 22,000 Million was decided to be spent in private
sector.
Objective:
The principal objective for the third plan was to accomplish quick growth of the national economy.

6
Targets:

 Increase in growth rate by 6.5% per annum and increase in per capita income by 3.5%.
 The third plan projected an annual increase of 5.0% in agriculture, 10% in industry and 7.1 in the
other sectors.
 Foreign exchange earnings to reach Rs.4800.
 Establishment of new industries and to give no less than 5.5 million new jobs.
 To build 26,414 new primary schools and 5.8 Million enrollments.
 710 high schools to be improved and 0.90 million enrollment and 0.13 Million enrollment in inter
colleges.
 Development of health and transport sector.
 Reduction in income disparities between East and West Pakistan.
Achievement and Advantages of the plan:

 Growth rate was 5.7% per annum.

 Per capita income was 2.9% compounded annual growth.
 The large-scale industrial sector exhibited a growth rate of 10% as against 13% targeted in the
Plan.
 The industrial sector as a whole expanded at an annual growth rate of 7.8% instead of 10%
targeted in the Plan. The small-scale industry also performed well.
Critical overview and Disadvantages of the plan:
In this plan, external aid was expected to finance 45% of the plan expectation. The planners should have
examined the increasing dependence of the country on foreign assistance.
Fourth Five-year Plan (1970-75) -A non-starter from the beginning.
By the end of the third plan, Pakistan had completed two decades of development. This development
phase had its limitations as well. The population growth rate rose substantially. The essential
requirements of the social sectors like education, health and housing were badly neglected. At this crucial
stage, Pakistan’s fourth five-year plan was formulated. It was prepared within the framework of
perspective plan. The period of plan was from 1st July to 30th June.
Size of the Plan:
The total size of the plan was Rs.75, 000 Million (an increase of 44% over the Third Plan size), out of
which Rs.49, 000 Million was allocated to public sector and 26, 000 Million to private sector.
Objectives:

 To maintain the tempo of development through determined efforts by efficient utilization of

material and human resources.
 To reduce intra-regional and inter-regional disparity in per capita income.
 To make the economy self-reliant in different fields and to move towards calm economic growth.
 To direct the forces of economic and social change towards the establishment of a just society.

7
Priorities:

 Water and power sector was given the highest priority by investing 31%. Transport and
communication was given the second priority by investing 31%. Agriculture sector was at third
position in priority list as 11.22% was allocated to invest on it.
Targets:

 To attain an annual growth rate of at least 6.5% in the GNP.

 Increase in per capita income from Rs.567 to Rs.675 at the end of plan’s period.
 To develop an income and price policy.
 Reduction in unemployment by providing 7.5 Million new job opportunities.
 To increase exports at an annual rate of at least 8.5%.
 To reduce the dependence of country on foreign assistance.
 To increase the power generation capacity by 1740 MW,
 To increase the per capita consumption of food-grains from 15.5 to 16.8 ounces per day.
 Increase in per capita consumption of 24% in cotton textiles, 23% in sugar and 20% in edible oil.
 To launch an Urban works program to improve the environmental conditions in big cities.
Evaluation:
The plan targets were not realistic. Due to political instability and disturbance during 1970-71, the
implementation of the plan became impossible, so the plan was abandoned after the separation of East
Pakistan in 1971. This plan was later officially scrapped.
Fifth Five-Year Plan (1978-83) -A Return of the Medium Term Planning.
Since December 1971, Pakistan’s economy had been operating without five-year plans. Fifth five-year
plan was formulated in 1977 by Martial Law Government and launched on July 1978.The plan was
launched in very difficult economic & political condition.
Size of the Plan:
The total size of the plan was Rs.210.22 Million. A sum of Rs.128.22 was allocated to public sector and
Rs.62.00 Billion to private sector. 75% of total expenditure was decided to be financed by internal
sources and 25% from external sources.
Objectives:

 The main objective of this plan was the development of rural areas, which would receive priority.
 Meeting of the basic needs of the population and promotion of equity.
Priorities:

 First priority was given to agriculture sector and water sector by investing 21.7% of total public
expenditure. Next priority was given to Power sector by spending 18.8% of total public sector
outlay. Investment in industrial and mining sector by 31.4% of total private sector outlay.
Targets:

 To increase national income by 7.2 % per annum and per capita income by 4.2% per annum.
 It was decided that 3.8 million people will get jobs inside and 0.4 million outside the country.
 Increase in agriculture product by 6% and industrial production by 10%.

8
  Increase in national savings by 12.6% and decline in foreign savings by 4.4%.
 To achieve the target of $22 Billion in export earnings.
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:

 A report on the fifth plan showed that over 40% of the plan targets were achieved.
 Annual growth rate of 6% in GNP per annum was achieved.
 The growth rate of 4% in agriculture sector was achieved. The target was 6%.
 Growth rate of 9.7% in industrial sector was achieved. The target was 10%.
 Domestic savings increased to 8% of GDP.
Criticism and Disadvantages of the plan:

 There were too many aspects in which, performance was very disappointing such as decline in
total investment from 16.4% to 15.5%.
 There was not sufficient long-term investment in physical infrastructure as well as in human
resource development.
 The expenditure on education, labor and health were 90% of total plan allocation but no
improvement was shown.
 There was misuse of resources.
Sixth Five year Plan (1983-88) -Development of the people, by the people, for the people.
Before the end of fifth plan, development of sixth plan was completed. Sixth five-year plan was launched
on 1st July, 1983. The NEC affirmed the plan well in time and executed it as indicated by its calendar.
Size of the Plan:
The total size of the plan was Rs.495 Billion, which was more than two fold the measure of the fifth
arrangement. This amount was allocated between public and private sector in respective amounts of
Rs.295 Billion and Rs.200 Billion.
Objectives:

 To quicken the rate of financial advancement and to make the nation independent in oil.
 To expand farming creation by utilizing more composts, better seeds and present day innovation.
 To create steel-based building merchandise and materials.
 To encourage provincial govt. and local bodies to participate in investment plans and
policymaking.
 Provision of funds to backward areas especially to Baluchistan and tribal areas.
Targets:

 To increase GNP by 6.5% per annum.

 To increase family income by Rs.900 per annum.
 To increase industrial production by 9% per annum.
 To increase agriculture production by 5% per annum.
 To provide jobs to 4 Million people during the plan period.
 To provide electricity facility to 88% of village population.
 To increase exports from $2.43 billion to $4.91 Billion.
 Rehabilitation of 30 lac acres of land destroyed by water logging.

9
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:

 GNP rate grown to 6.6% as compared to the target of 6.5%.

 Per capita income increased from Rs.820 to Rs.935.
 Growth of industrial sector was 7.7%. The target was 9%.
 Growth in agriculture sector was 3.9%.
 Exports increased to 11% per annum and inflation rate reduced from 8.8% to 6%.
Critical overview and Disadvantages of the plan:

 In this plan, the main weakness was its excessive reliance on domestic borrowings to balance
budget.
 Allocations to the sectors were not fair, 80% was allocated to energy sector and remaining to
others.
 The major weakness of sixth plan was absence of any concrete plan for expenditure control.
 The Burden of subsidies and non-development expenditures was very high.
 The agriculture and manufacturing sector could not play their roles effectively; the plan seemed
helpless in achieving its targets and objectives.
 The targets of achieving expected increase in investment rate and savings could not be achieved
in this plan.
 The sixth plan was a mixed success. Though it fulfilled most of its targets, there were some
failures. Overall, it was a good plan.
Seventh Five Year Plan (1988-93) -Precursor of a long-term vision.
Size of the Plan:
An amount of Rs.660.2 Billion had been allocated to seventh plan, which was more than sixth Plan to
meet the financial needs and expenditures. Rs.322.95 Billion was allocated to public sector and Rs.292.4
Billion was allocated to private sector.
Priorities:
The first priority of this plan was to given the energy sector, second given to education sector and third to
population planning.
Objectives:

 Individuals will be given better offices with respect to nourishment, lodging, instruction, transport
and other open utilities.
 HR will be produced by giving more attention on instruction and preparing.
 To increase yield per hector through more efficient use of fertilizer.
Targets:

 To attain annual growth rate of 6.5% of GNP.

 Increase in per capita income to Rs.3, 562 at the end of plan’s period.
 4.7% growth rate in agriculture sector.
 8.1% growth rate per annum in industrial sector.
 Oil extraction target was 76,000 barrels per day.
 Road constructions up to 8500 KM.
 6.1 Million new job opportunities and the plan target of monetary assets was 12.5%.

10
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:

 GDP rate increased to 5%.

 3.8% growth rate in agriculture sector.
 5.9% growth rate per annum in industrial sector.
 The expenditure on public sector development was Rs.511 Million.
Criticism and Disadvantages of the plan:

 There was not fair allocation of resources among different sectors.

 There was undue delay in preparation of policies and projects.
 Employment situation became worse; no consideration was given to this issue.
 New government disclosed Projects of previous government.
 There was no proper implementation of this plan.
Evaluation:
The tempo of growth was affected by unforeseen events on domestic and international fronts including
economic contraction of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, recession in Pakistan’s export
markets, the Gulf War, the delay in the settlement of the Afghan issue, frequent changes of government,
civil disturbances in 1989-90 and floods of 1988-89 and 1992-93.
However, the overall performance has been satisfactory. The process of deregulation and privatization
was expected to be consolidate in the eighth five-year plan.
Eighth Five year Plan (1993-98) -An exercise in better macro-economic Management.
The eighth five-year plan was released by the government of Pakistan in June 1994.
Size of the Plan:
Size of the plan was Rs.1, 701 Billion. An amount of Rs.752 Billion was to be spent on public sector and
Rs.949 Billion on private sector.
Objectives:

 Encouraging participation of private enterprises.

 Industrial and commercial policies to attract private and foreign investment.
 Expansion of infrastructural facilities.
 Ensuring micro-economic stability and to develop human resource.
 Poverty elimination by equitable distribution of national income.
 Expanding production avenues to create employment opportunities.
Targets:

 GDP growth rate of 7%.

 4.9% growth rate in agriculture sector.
 9.9% growth rate per annum in industrial sector.
 Growth rate of services by 6.7%.
 Reduce Fiscal deficit to 4% of GDP.
 Reduce inflation rate to 6%.
 Generate 6.2 Million new job opportunities.
 Ensure minimum investment of Rs.949 Billion.

11
  Increase literacy rate from 35% to 48%.
 Coverage of rural water supply to 71% of population.
 Construction of Ghazi Bhrotha Hydel project and completion of Hub Power Project in private
sector and increase power generation capacity to 16,422 MW.
Achievements and Advantages of the plan:

 Growth rate in GDP was 4.08% as compared to the target of 7% per annum.
 Growth rate of manufacturing sector was just 2.68%, which was very low as compared to the
target of 9.9%.
 11.4% growth rate in mining sector.
 The target of 2.7% in growth rate of population was achieved.
Criticism and Disadvantages of the plan:

 Due to absence of accurate data of population, there was no proper allocation of resources.
 The performance of agriculture and industrial sector remains questionable.
 Due to heavy dependence upon imports, there was deficit balance of payment.
 There was no proper implementation of policies due to lack of expenditure controls.
 There was excessive dependence upon foreign sources.

MTDF (2005-2010):
Five-Year Economic Plans for the National Economy (starting 1950 until 1999) were replaced with the
Medium Term Development Framework (MTDF) under Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz. The Ministry of
Finance, Economic Coordination Committee and the Planning Commission of Pakistan drafted it.
The Medium Term Development Framework (2005-10) relied on upgrading physical infrastructure for
accelerating output growth.
Specific spheres were identified where support to private sector could be extended and finally social
sector policies were envisaged for timely achievement of millennium development goals.
It further states that there has never been a more pressing need in Pakistan’s history to search for a new
model; however, at the outset it should be said that if there has to be a common vision on growth, it
should, by all means take account of the damages caused by security and governance issues currently
facing the country.
RECOMMENDATIONS:

 As we know that, the government is not strong enough and does not have enough resources to
boost up all the sectors of economy. That is why they should go for the unbalanced growth where
investment is to be invested in one of the leading sector that is textile sector that ultimately results
in improvement to the all lagging behind sectors that are agricultural sector, Industrial sectors,
small and large goods manufacturing sector etc.
 About 30 to 40 percent of the GDP ratio is to be invested in one sector, which will result the
country to go out from the vicious circle of poverty and extension in the markets when the
economies of scale achieved rather bit by bit. That will result in increase in demand side, increase
in production function and supply of savings.
 There should be proper the law and order situation in the country for the purpose of abolishing
the bribery, Corruption, terrorism and other social and economic evils.

12
  The Govt. should encourage the foreign investor to invest in the country and should restrict the
local investor to invest only in Pakistan.
 Govt. should not fully depend on the agricultural industries. They should also encourage the other
sectors in the industry like IT sector, Automobile sector and others.
CONCLUSION:
Almost all five-year plans prepared during political or military regimes were shelved in the country’s
history after regime change and none of them succeeded entirely in getting the desired results.
Except second and sixth 5-year development program, all were considered as a failure in terms of
achievements.
However, second and sixth 5-year plan had achieved somewhat as per set targets and economic
development were also observed.
Average annual real GDP growth rates were 6.8% in the 1960s, 4.8% in the 1970s, and 6.5% in the
1980s. Average annual growth fell to 4.6% in the 1990s with significantly lower growth in the second
half of that decade.
There is a need to look at the economic strategies society where foremost objective is to provide
opportunities for learning, increase potential of communities by linking them in networks and ensure fair
competition in trade and investment.
Such an economic development plan must be implemented which aims towards a coherent big push to
boost transformation and growth through developing quality workforce, competitive domestic economy
and transparent markets.

13
REFERENCES:

 “Introduction to the Economy of Pakistan”. www.researchgate.net. Retrieved on 27 November

2018.

 “All five year plans of Pakistan were failures”. www.thenews.com.pk. Retrieved on 27 November
2018.

 “Economic planning in Pakistan”. sites.google.com. Retrieved on 27 November 2018.

 “Pakistan-Five-Years-Plan-Overview”. www.scribd.com. Retrieved on 27 November 2018.

 “Five-Year-Planning-in-Pakistan”. www.scribd.com. Retrieved on 27 November 2018.

14