1.01 Circle the correct words.

1 My sister is very good at / in Maths, but I'm not.

2 Could you please help me with / at my revision for the test?
3 Jessica is looking forward for / to her summer holiday.
4 Do you use a blog / dictionary when you're learning new words?
5 What's your favourite lesson / subject at school?
6 If you want to remember new vocabulary, you need to work out / revise regularly.
7 Our teacher got angry with us in the course / lesson today because we were
noisy.
8 This summer I'd like to do a course / subject on Art.

1.02 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 I'm beginning _____ that Science is not such a difficult subject.

A) to think
B) thinking
C) think

2 My little sister is looking forward _____ starting school.

A) to
B) at
C) in

3 Pete is a bit anxious because tomorrow he's getting his school _____.
A) revision
B) timetable
C) report

4 I think _____ shouldn’t only be about playing football or volleyball.

A) Science
B) PE
C) Geography

5 My favourite subject is _____, as I love learning about other countries.

A) Geography
B) Music
C) History

6 Henry didn't _____ for the test and now he can't remember anything.
A) learn
B) read
C) revise

7 Schoolchildren nowadays often have a very heavy _____.They have a lot of

lessons at school.
A) timetable
B) break
C) course

8 The last _____ lesson was very interesting. We learnt about the lives of people in
the 18th century.
A) Geography
B) Physical Education
C) History

1.05 Unscramble the letters and write the correct word.

1 Can you give me your __________ to look up a word, please? dctnriioay

2 Our __________ course is very interesting this year! cncSeei
3 We're really looking __________ to the school trip next week. drwrfoa
4 He's very __________ of finding information about other cultures on the internet.
ndof
5 You mustn't talk to your friends during the __________. nlsseo
6 Can you __________ me with this Science experiment, please? plhe
7 My least favourite __________ at school was History! tcjbsue
8 Our teacher always writes good things about us in the school __________.
.strpreo

1.07 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 Susan _____ as a shop assistant until she finds a better job.

A) is working
B) works
C) is always working

2 We _____ Art at school at the moment.

A) don’t study
B) aren't study
C) aren't studying

3 Paul _____ working in a bank.

A) enjoying
B) enjoys
C) do enjoy

4 How _____ this morning? Are you any better?

A) are you feeling
B) you feel
C) do you feeling

5 I _____ to see you as soon as possible.

A) need
B) am needing
C) usually need

6 Now, you _____ silly! I didn’t say that!

A) are
B) do are
C) are being

7 Why _____ the food? Does it need salt?

A) you taste
B) do you taste
C) are you tasting

8 My parents _____ going to the theatre rather than the cinema.

A) are preferring
B) prefer
C) don’t prefer

1.08 Circle ‘C’ for correct or ‘IC’ for incorrect.

1 I'm enjoying this party! It's great! C / IC

2 She appears very confident about her abilities. C / IC
3 My sister is appearing in a short film this week. C / IC
4 Do you think about the school homework? C / IC
5 I think it going to be a difficult school year with all these new subjects. C / IC
6 He doesn’t remember me at all! C / IC
7 Sheila can't talk to you now. She has dinner. C / IC
8 Who does this iPad belong to? C / IC

1.09 Circle the correct words.

1 My dad is always cooking / always cooks at weekends.

2 I can't stand Perry. He's always complaining / always complains about his life!
3 I don’t never / often do my homework in the mornings.
4 My dog is / is being very lazy. He sleeps all day long.
5 How often are you revising / do you revise your English vocabulary?
6 These days I'm very busy because I practise / am practising for my final guitar
test!
7 I feel / am feeling that something is wrong. What about you?
8 Don't you think / Aren't you thinking that we should help Mum with cleaning the
house?

1.13 Read the text and write the headings in the correct spaces.

Having fun! Morning programme What about you?

Holidays at last! Something useful
Sabina's holiday blog
1 ____________________
Hi everybody! I'm Sabina and I live in Finland. My summer holidays have started at
last, and this year I've decided not to spend them in front of the TV. So here's what
I do every day! It's not a strict timetable of course, but it helps me organise my time
well.
2 ____________________
I don’t get up very early – around nine o'clock. Not like when I had school and had
to get up at half past seven. I have a good breakfast. When I go to school, I don’t
usually have time to sit down and have breakfast, so this is a luxury for me! Then I
help my mum a bit around the house, tidy my room and then I spend an hour on
the laptop chatting to my friends. I don’t spend a lot of time on that because my
parents aren't too happy when I'm on the computer for hours on end. So …
Around half past eleven, I usually go out to meet my best friend, Marianne. We live
close by and we meet every day. Sometimes we go to the shopping centre and
other times we go to the youth club.
3 ____________________
There we meet other friends from school or from the sports team. We are both very
fond of ice-skating and are members of the school team. Marianne is much better
than me at figure skating, but I'm faster so we're both happy! Sometimes we hang
out with the other kids there, but sometimes we have a lesson! I know, I know … 'a
lesson in the holidays?', you ask. Well, let me explain. It isn't a lesson on a school
subject, although I believe it'll be very useful for my future. Marianne and I are
doing a course on computer programming! We both enjoy using computers but we
also want to be able to make computers do what we want them to do!
4 ____________________
After I get back home in the afternoon, I relax a bit and then I usually go to the
swimming pool or the tennis courts. Now in the summer, I believe tennis is the
perfect sport for me. In the evenings, I don’t go out much, but on Saturday I go to
the cinema with Marianne or my brother and his friends or sometimes we go to the
youth club when they organise a dance night. I always look forward to these
evenings because they're great fun!
5 ____________________
So, what about you? Write to me and tell me how you spend your summer
holidays. Do you have a programme like mine or not?

1.15 Circle the correct words or numbers.

1 In the summer, Sabina gets up at 7.30 / 9.00.

2 She spends hours / an hour on the computer.
3 She goes out with Marianne / alone.
4 Marianne and Sabina are having ice-skating / computer lessons.
5 On Saturdays, Sabina goes to the cinema / tennis court.

2.01 Circle the correct words.

As Keith was coming back home one night after an evening out with his friends, he
(1) noticed / gazed something really (2) weird / natural. He had taken a (3) short
cut / way to get home faster, but it seems there was a problem now. In the middle
of the street, there was an (4) awful / enormous dog. He looked as big as a tiger,
Keith said later. Keith very wisely decided not to go near it, but he still needed to
get back home and the dog stood in the way. He thought he'd wait until the dog
was (5) wide awake / fast asleep and then try to go round it. However, he waited
for a long (6) hour / time, but the dog showed no signs of getting tired. Keith was
(7) excited / scared that if he moved fast he'd be in (8) big problem / trouble, so he
decided to go back where he'd come from.

2.02 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 Darren _____ he is a famous artist, but I don't think anybody has heard of him!
A) claims
B) replies
C) whispers

2 She's very ill today. She has a _____ temperature and a sore throat.
A) big
B) tall
C) high

3 After she broke up with her boyfriend, she stayed up all night _____ at the stars.
A) glancing
B) gazing
C) noticing

4 I just caught a _____ of something passing behind my back, but I didn’t see it
clearly.
A) glimpse
B) glance
C) stare

5 What a _____ painting! Did you do it?

A) disastrous
B) marvellous
C) distant

6 The car behind us just managed to stop in time. It was a _____ escape!
A) wide
B) narrow
C) weird

7 Have you heard about the bizarre _____ of a UFO sighting last night?
A) accident
B) event
C) incident

8 The two students _____ because they didn’t want the teacher to hear them.
A) whispered
B) shouted
C) screamed

2.04 Unscramble the letters and write the correct word.

1 We saw a __________ film yesterday evening! I really enjoyed it a lot! cftrriie

2 She gave a __________ performance as Queen Elizabeth! llsvrmaeou
3 In the last few years, there have been many incidents where men __________
without a trace. dshvnaie
4 I want to see this scene again in slow __________. ntmooi
5 Her silly experiment had __________ results. She blew up the entire room!
sssdrtiaou
6 Oh, dear! I can't sleep again. I feel wide __________! kwaae
7 The _____________ in the room rose so much that it was uncomfortably hot.
tmprtreeaue
8 Kate __________ at Pierre, but then she turned away and completely ignored
him for the rest of the evening. dcnlgae

2.07 Circle the correct words.

A: I (1) phoned / used to phone you last night. Where were you?
B: I (2) wasn’t hearing / didn’t hear the phone. I (3) would watch / was watching my
favourite programme on TV. What (4) did you want / were you wanting?
A: I (5) was / was being bored and I wanted to talk to you.

A: (6) Did you / Did you use to watch the news last night?
B: No, why? Was there anything interesting?
A: Yes, there was a story about a man who (7) used to / would live in a tree! Every
morning, he (8) was climbing / would climb down the tree and go to work.
B: What an odd story! What (9) happened / was happening to him?
A: I don't know. I (10) didn’t use to / didn’t watch the end of the programme.

2.08 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 Why _____ at the cow as you took the picture?

A) were they staring
B) did they use to stare
C) did they stare

2 Bob _____ going to look for UFOs in the desert!

A) was suggesting
B) would suggest
C) suggested

3 As I _____ back home, I saw a huge snake in the middle of the street.
A) was coming
B) would come
C) was came

4 My grandfather _____ me a bedtime story every night when I was little.

A) was reading
B) would read
C) used read

5 They _____ a short cut home when they came face to face with a criminal!
A) took
B) were taking
C) used to take

6 What _____ after the alarm went off?

A) did you use to do
B) were you doing
C) did you do

7 The boy was screaming at the top of his voice, when his father _____ him to be
quiet!
A) told
B) was telling
C) would tell

8 As a child, I _____ in a cupboard when I was sad.

A) was hiding
B) did hide
C) would hide

2.12 Circle the correct words.

1 What was Jack doing when / while the storm started?

2 I know you don't believe this, but I did see / did saw a UFO!
3 I was sitting chatting to my best friend when / while suddenly someone threw a
ball at us!
4 When my cat was a kitten, she would / used to love sitting on my laptop!
5 While / After we were watching my favourite film, all the lights went out.
6 What did the sailors do while / after their boat disappeared?
7 This story happened a long time before / ago.
8 Every day before / while he went to school he would revise his homework.

2.13 Read the text and write the headings in the correct spaces.
Lost! Someone is here! Where's the path?
What a wonderful forest! The way back home

1 ____________________
When Cathleen woke up in the middle of the night, at first she didn’t know where
she was. It took her a moment to remember that the night before her boyfriend
Roger and she had got lost on the way back home after visiting some friends. On
the way back, Roger suggested taking a short cut through a forest. He said it was a
beautiful route and they would get home much faster that way, so she had agreed.

2 ____________________
It was indeed a beautiful route. The forest was very peaceful and green with
enormous, ancient trees and wonderful flowers. They felt very happy and decided
to get out of the car and explore it a bit. They followed a path for some time and got
to a small river with crystal clear water. They were sitting on the river bank when
they heard the sound of distant thunder, so they thought it was time to go back to
their car.

3 ____________________
That's when they realised they were in big trouble! The way back to the path was
gone! They couldn’t find it any more! Roger thought that they should go to the left,
but Cathleen thought they should go right. The noise from the storm was coming
closer and closer and it was getting darker, too. They decided to follow Roger's
idea and headed left into the forest.

4 ____________________
Cathleen was getting scared, their mobile phones didn’t work, the temperature was
dropping and it was getting quite cold in the dark forest. Soon, they couldn’t see
well enough to walk and the rain started coming down, too! It was then that Roger
noticed a small cave between two trees. 'Let's get in there to wait for the rain to
pass,' he said. And that's what they did. They waited and waited but it kept raining
hard. Eventually Cathleen fell asleep and a little later Roger did, too.

5 ____________________
So now Cathleen was wide awake in the cold, dark cave, trying to hear and see
what had woken her up. Roger was lying next to her fast asleep. She was really
scared and didn’t know what to do. 'Wake up!' she whispered to Roger, 'I think
someone is in the cave with us!' As if in slow motion, she saw something move at
the back of the cave. Was it a bear?

2.15 Match the phrases with the paragraphs.

A let's sit down _____

B going back home _____
C left or right? _____
D it's cold _____
E I can see something _____

3.01 Circle the word that doesn’t belong.

1 smuggler thief shoplifting

2 break the law commit a crime make off
3 cheating confiscation detention
4 burglar criminal thief
5 warning cheating bullying
6 punish arrest commit
7 be arrested be let off be under arrest
8 crime robbery smuggling

3.02 Circle the correct word.

1 If you're caught talking on the mobile phone, the punishment is swearing /

confiscation.
2 As soon as she went / got off the bus, she was arrested.
3 Why was Karen placed under / in arrest? What did she do?
4 If you break / cut the law, you have to pay for it!
5 He was lucky, he was let / made off with just a warning because it was his first
offence.
6 He was put in prison for armed robbery / shoplifting.
7 Have schools in your country found a way to deal with exclusion / bullying?
8 It is illegal / legal to drive a car without a driving licence.

3.04 Write the words in the correct spaces.

burglary shoplifting smuggling murder

hijacking kidnapping theft robbery

1 __________
Gretchen looked right and left and without being noticed slipped the CD into her
bag.
2 __________
The victim was found in his living room with a gunshot through the heart. There
was no evidence of the weapon used.
3 __________
As soon as the aeroplane took off, two armed men got up and demanded that the
plane changed direction and went to the South Pole!
4 __________
'And what is all this jewellery in your suitcase, Miss?' the customs officer enquired.
5 __________
The parents of the child are asking anyone who has information about the
whereabouts of their daughter to give the information to the police.
6 __________
Quiet as a mouse, he broke into the house under cover of darkness. He was very
good so the alarm didn’t go off.
7 __________
'Put your hands up and give us all your money!' they shouted. They were wearing
masks and nobody could see their faces.
8 __________
He approached the woman and when she wasn’t looking, he put his hand in her
bag and took her wallet.

3.07 Circle the correct words.

1 There was / were some money on the kitchen table.

2 There were very few / a few chairs and we couldn’t all sit down.
3 Let me give you a number / piece of advice.
4 If you can't sleep, count sheep / a sheep.
5 His furniture were / was very old-fashioned and dirty.
6 Can you please give me a glass / glass of water?
7 He said he found a hair / hair in his food and refused to pay the restaurant!
8 I'm sorry, I can't come. I've got a lot of works / work to do today.

3.08 Circle ‘C’ for correct or ‘IC’ for incorrect.

1 The news were very interesting! C / IC

2 She washed her hair and combed them. C / IC
3 Can you see the pink suitcase over there? C / IC
4 We saw a few sheep eating in the field. C / IC
5 There were so many numbers of clothing, I couldn’t choose. C / IC
6 Police are here. C / IC
7 He gave me little information so it was hard to decide. C / IC
8 I haven't got problem. C / IC

3.10 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 We had so _____ luggage with us that we had to take two taxis to the airport!
A) many
B) lots
C) much

2 I hear that _____ church in the village square is very beautiful.

A) a
B) the
C) –

3 Recently there has been too _____ crime, and people are complaining that the
police aren't doing their jobs!
A) much
B) many
C) few

4 She tried to smuggle _____ jewellery into the country but she got arrested.
A) many
B) some
C) little

5 Where have you been? I've been waiting here for _____ hour!
A) a
B) an
C) the

6 Poor girl! Her brother is a criminal, so she goes to _____ prison every week to
visit him.
A) --
B) a
C) the

7 There are too _____ good athletes nowadays!

A) a few
B) few
C) little

8 There's no _____ of money which will make me change my opinion!

A) number
B) piece
C) amount

3.13 Read the text and choose the best title.

What’s the point?

Laws that are illegal!
Odd laws!
____________________

We all know that the law is there to protect citizens from injustice and illegal
behaviour. We know we must obey the law because this is the basis for a civilised
society, and most of us know without being told what is or should be legal or illegal.
But what happens when the laws are so weird that we break them without even
knowing it?

For example, in New York, you must buy a licence in order to hang out clothes to
dry or else you can get arrested! And in Carmel, New York again, a man can be
arrested if his jacket and trousers are not of matching colours! Now, these laws are
obviously relics of past times and nobody pays any attention to them, I guess, but
what happens if you decide to take a lion to the cinema? Is that legal or not? (Not!)

Here's another crazy law. It is illegal to take off your clothes in the street in
Montpellier, the capital city of Vermont, but it's ok if you walk in the streets naked –
as long as you've removed your clothes before you go out in the streets! And in
West Virginia, people are not allowed to own a red or black flag!

Now, for some of these crazy, bizarre laws, there can be an obvious, logical
explanation. For instance, in Staten Island you can only water the grass in your
garden if you're holding the hose (it helps you not to waste water), but most of
them don’t make sense nowadays any more. So why haven't they been changed?
The answer is probably that most governments are too busy making new laws to
spend time changing old, forgotten laws such as 'having a sleeping donkey in your
bathtub after seven o'clock in the evening'!

3.15 Circle the correct words.

1In New York it is illegal / legal to buy a licence to hang clothes to dry.
2 In Carmel you can't wear a different colour jacket and trousers if you are a man /
woman.
3 In Carmel / Montpellier you can walk in the street without your clothes on.
4 In Staten Island you are / aren't allowed to water the grass.
5 Some of these laws have a weird / logical explanation.

4.04 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 Did you watch Lady Gaga's _____? It was on TV last night.

A) interview
B) article
C) premiere

2 Madonna has been a very _____ pop star for more than twenty years!
A) popular
B) unpopular
C) possible

3 Why are _____ so popular? They don’t act or report. They don’t do anything
important!
A) actors
B) journalists
C) TV presenters

4 My bed is very _____. I can't sleep in it anymore.

A) comfortable
B) uncomfortable
C) unhelpful
5 I think that some types of _____ are really boring and silly.
A) entertainment
B) awards
C) autographs

6 She was _____ to answer the difficult personal questions the journalist asked her
in the interview and she got angry.
A) able
B) uncertain
C) unable

7 Do you think it is _____ to take photos of people without asking them first?
A) legal
B) comfortable
C) honest

8 I prefer getting information from _____ rather than the traditional media.
A) journalists
B) interviews
C) websites

4.05 Circle the correct words.

Liam is a very big (1) journalist / fan / celebrity of Lady Gaga. He knows the (2)
lyrics / letters / interviews of her songs by heart and he sings them all the time. So
when he learnt that she was going to appear at a film (3) autograph / premiere /
programme he decided to go and wait outside the cinema in order to meet her and
get her (4) award / signature / autograph. He had been waiting outside the cinema
for six hours when he got tired and decided to go to a café to get a coffee. As he
was coming out of the café, he saw a lot of people shouting and pushing one
another. He realised that Lady Gaga was there (5) taking / asking / signing
autographs for her fans, but Liam was too far away and couldn’t get any closer!

My sister's got a (6) TV programme / blog post / newspaper. She writes in it

regularly about all her (7) interviews / news / articles and uploads it on the internet.
It's very funny so it's quite (8) helpful / happy / popular among the kids in her class.

4.06 Unscramble the letters and write the correct word.

1 Dennis was very __________ when his pet fish died. uaynhpp
2 My sister buys Celebrity __________ because she likes to learn about the lives
of famous people. aaiemgzn
3 Mack became very __________ with his classmates when he bullied a younger
child. npplruoua
4 Lying to me, your best friend, was extremely __________! I'll never trust you
again! dshnstioe
5 All of my friends were looking forward to the __________ of the last Harry Potter
film, but I didn’t care. prmreiee
6 When is the next Pirates of the Caribbean __________ out? I can't wait! cmngoi
7 Many people feel that they can't trust the __________ for their information.
mdeia
8 In my opinion the best actress ever is Meryl Streep. She's won so many
__________ for best performance! wrdsaa

4.07 Circle the correct words.

A: I'm very tired! I (1) have been painting / have painted / painted my room all
day today!
B: Really? What colour? (2) Did you finish / Have you been finishing / Have you
finished?
A: Pale green. No, I (3) haven't been finishing / haven't finished / didn’t finish
yet. My brother (4) has been helping / has helped / is helping me and he's
there now. He (5) doing / done / is doing the doors and the window frames.

A: How many hours TV (6) have you watched / have you been watching / you
have been watching? It's time to stop and do your homework.
B: Come on Mum! I (7) haven't been watching / haven't watched / didn’t watch
long, just half an hour. And I (8) have already done / have already been
doing / already did all my homework. I've studied (9) since / for / from three
hours.
A: Oh, ok then. But I still think you (10) have been watching / have watched /
watched enough TV for today.

4.08 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 Is Susan _____ as her sister?

A) as good a singer
B) a better singer
C) a good singer

2 Dorothy _____ this film.

A) already has seen
B) has seen already
C) has already seen

3 The pop star has been signing autographs _____ ten o'clock in the morning.
A) from
B) for
C) since

4 Avatar is the best sci-fi film _____!

A) I've ever been watching
B) I've ever watched
C) I ever watched

5 If I were you, I'd buy the _____ expensive camera of the two.
A) little
B) less
C) least

6 _____ you study, the more chances you have to succeed.

A) The hardest
B) The hard
C) The harder

7 I think Bob has changed a lot _____.

A) recently
B) still
C) yet

8 Ian found that the life of an actor was less exciting _____ he'd expected.
A) than
B) that
C) from

4.09 Circle ‘C' for correct or ‘IC' for incorrect.

1 Theodore has been writing ten emails today. C / IC

2 Listen, the more you insist, the more difficult the situation becomes. C / IC
3 Sue hasn’t watched the film yet, so don’t tell her how it ends. C / IC
4 The two brothers have been completing the test already. C / IC
5 Anna isn't as good than Penny at acting and singing. C / IC
6 It took me less from half an hour to read her blog post. C / IC
7 I've never been seeing a more untidy room than yours! C / IC
8 That's the most uncomfortable bed I've ever slept in! C / IC

4.13 Read the text and write the words in the correct spaces.

fan sign autograph fan club premiere

www.my-blog.com/Jerry's_blog

Hi! I'm Jerry. I'm fourteen and I live in Kingston. Welcome to my blog!

4th April
Yesterday I went to the cinema to watch Maleficent, the new film starring Angelina
Jolie. She's my favourite actress! I think she's great! Have you seen the film yet?
I've seen all her Lara Croft films and the Kung Fu Panda films! She's so funny and
active and adventurous! I've been her fan for four years now and I've got posters
and photographs. I've also tried to get her (1) _____ twice but I haven't been lucky
so far. Maybe next time, she comes to England for a premiere, I'll be able to ask
her. What about you? Have you got a favourite film star? Do you belong to a fan
club? Do write and tell me!

Hi Jerry! I've been reading your blog for six months now and I really love it! To
answer your question, my favourite star is Ben Stiller. I find him hilarious! He's such
a good comedian! Have you seen Madagascar? It's my favourite animated film!
And Meet the Fockers and A Night at the Museum! They're so funny! I haven't met
him or got his autograph but my best friend has! He was there at the (2) _____ of
Madagascar 3 and he asked Ben to (3) _____ his name on his t-shirt! Lucky guy!
Samantha K., Los Angeles

Great blog, Jerry! I haven't got a favourite film star, but my favourite pop star is
Adele. She's got an amazing voice, hasn’t she? I've collected all her CDs and I've
put up her posters on the walls of my bedroom. I've been listening to her music for
three years now (I'm fifteen) and I can't wait to listen to her new album when it
comes out!
Josie Brown

Hey, Jerry! I'm a huge (4) _____ of Owen Wilson and I've actually met him once! I
told him I wanted to be like him and he asked me for my name, signed his name on
a poster and gave me his photograph! I've been a member of his (5) _____ ever
since that day!
Martin, Nebraska

4.16 Circle the correct words.

1 Angelina Jolie is a fan / film star.

2 Jerry has watched Maleficent / Madagascar.
3 Ben Stiller is very funny / has a good voice.
4 Josie has got all Adele's music / films.
5 Martin has a signed poster / signed photograph of Owen Wilson.

5.02 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 The police are conducting an _____ into the murder.

A) discovery
B) research
C) investigation

2 Nikola Tesla's scientific _____ paved the way for many modern inventions.
A) discovery
B) investigation
C) research

3 Do you need to have special _____ to climb to the top of Mount Everest?
A) equipment
B) machine
C) engine

4 You have to hurry if you don’t want to miss the _____. It starts in ten minutes.
A) mission aim
B) press conference
C) global climate

5 Becoming an astronaut _____ years of very tough training.

A) prevents
B) involves
C) detects

6 Sometimes _____ in the classroom makes pupils naughty.

A) boredom
B) aim
C) mission

7 The _____ in my mobile phone's flat. Can I use yours?

A) engine
B) battery
C) electricity

8 One of the most important missions NASA has is to _____ asteroids from
reaching the Earth's atmosphere.
A) destroy
B) collide
C) prevent

5.04 Complete the words. The first letter is already given.

1 Outer s _ _ _ _ is not completely empty as they used to believe.

2 A collision with a meteor could change the g _ _ _ _ _ climate for ever.
3 Are we going to have t _ _ _ to save the planet if an asteroid hits it?
4 An astronaut needs to be p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for all kinds of emergencies.
5 In the future s _ _ _ _ energy will be the main source of energy.
6 When is the next manned m _ _ _ _ _ _ to the Moon?
7 If the spaceship's e _ _ _ _ _ breaks down, what will we do?
8 The crew of a spaceship must have complete confidence in their
c______.

5.05 Circle the correct words.

1 Before leaving the spaceship / spacesuit / asteroid, you need to prepare well.
2 The telescopes didn’t have enough time to destroy / detect / investigate the
asteroids before they got into orbit around the planet.
3 What do you think will happen if an asteroid destroys / prevents / collides with our
spaceship?
4 Our scientists have just discovered / invented / developed a new planet near
Andromeda.
5 I don’t understand why more people don’t use the sun to produce batteries /
electricity / solar.
6 The police search / investigation / research hasn’t revealed who committed the
crime yet.
7 Solar / Global / Confident energy is clean and cheap.
8 The machine / equipment / engine he built was so complicated that nobody
understood how it worked or what it was used for!

5.07 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 I _____ to the supermarket. Would you like me to buy you anything?

A) will go
B) go
C) 'm going

2 I can't come with you. I _____ the doctor at six o'clock this evening.
A) will see
B) 'm seeing
C) 'm going to see

3 The plane _____ at 4.45. We have plenty of time until then.

A) will leave
B) is leaving
C) leaves

4 The Space Station _____ by our country in half an hour. I want to see it with my
new telescope.
A) pass
B) to pass
C) passes

5 I _____ a party on my next birthday.

A) 'm not going to have
B) won't have
C) don't have

6 'I'm going out, … bye!' 'Wait, wait! I _____ with you, shall I?'
A) 'll come
B) 'm going to come
C) 'm coming

7 What time _____?

A) will the match start
B) is the match going to start
C) does the match start

8 Ian and his family _____ to Spain on Sunday. They booked the tickets and the
room months ago.
A) will travel
B) are travelling
C) are going to travel

5.08 Circle the correct words.

A: What (1) are you doing / do you do / will you do this evening?
B: Linkin Park (2) will play / are playing / are going to play and I (3) 'm watching /
will watch / 'm going to watch them. Would you like to come?
A: Oh, I'd love to, but I can't. I (4) 'm going to help / will help / help my brother paint
his bedroom today. I promised him weeks ago and he (5) 's getting /
's going to get / 'll get angry if I don't.
B: That's a shame. I'm sure it (6) is / 's being / 'll be a great concert!
A: I know. I wanted to go but … anyway, what about the match tomorrow? Who do
you think (7) is winning / will win / to win?
B: I really have no idea! But I know that Mike's been training very hard. He (8)
's going to be / has been / is being ready for the match!

5.09 Circle ‘C’ for correct or ‘IC’ for incorrect.

1 Doreen will visit the doctor tomorrow at 5 o'clock. She's already got an
appointment. C / IC
2 Eileen and I are playing tennis tomorrow after work. We’ve already arranged it. C
/ IC
3 Will robots take over the world in the future? C / IC
4 The boat leaves at half past six. We need to be at the port an hour earlier.
C / IC
5 Look at that boy over there! He's going to jump off the cliff into the sea!
C / IC
6 I've told you a million times: I'm giving you my laptop no matter how many times
you ask me! C / IC
7 Don't worry, I'm sure your dog will find his way back home. C / IC
8 Will I help you carry the sofa to the living room? C / IC

5.13 Read the text and write the headings in the correct spaces.

A nightmare future
Machines are now cleverer than ever before
Who knows?
Intelligent machines will be our friends
Who hasn’t got a smartphone today?
1 ____________________
We all use computers, smartphones and tablets in our everyday life. The time
when these things were considered luxury items for the elite few is well in the past.
But how is technological progress going to affect our lives in the future?

2 ____________________
Many think that as computers are becoming smarter and smarter, they will soon
take over several tasks which until now have required human intelligence.
Computers or AI (artificial intelligence) will most probably regulate traffic in the
future, control production in factories, operate delicate machines and drive boats
and trains. Some of these things are no longer part of science fiction, but have
been happening for the last thirty years or so. But what will happen as computers
evolve further?

3 ____________________
For those of us who have watched the Matrix trilogy, the evolution of computers to
such a degree feels like a nightmare. Are computers going to take over from man?
Are we going to become their slaves sometime in the distant future? Are they going
to turn evil and destroy the Earth?

4 ____________________
Other science fiction works foresee a more favourable future for the human race.
Computers and robots become very intelligent, but they have in-built laws that
don’t allow them to harm people. These intelligent machines are (according to
some writers) going to help mankind conquer space travel and protect it from yet
unknown enemy life forms.

5 ____________________
What does the future hold for computers, robots and us? Are we going to continue
developing computers, robots and the software that runs them to the point where
we, humans, become completely unnecessary for their survival? We'll just have to
wait and see.

5.15 Circle the correct words.

1 Computers and smartphones are now considered luxury / everyday items.

2 Computers are already controlling / will someday control some tasks.
3 In the Matrix trilogy, computes are good / evil.
4 Some science fiction writers believe that computers are going to help
robots / people.
5 Perhaps computers will become so clever that they will need / won't need people
any more.

6.02 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 My sister _____ the decision to buy a new digital camera.

A) did
B) had
C) made

2 Simon is very _____ of his little brother and gets angry when he gets a nicer
present.
A) ridiculous
B) rude
C) jealous

3 I was _____ when Maria took my iPod without asking me first.

A) annoyed
B) selfish
C) excited

4 Irene is so _____ that she finishes all her homework in half the time that I take.
A) sociable
B) hard-working
C) nervous

5 Do you ever _____ about celebrities with your friends?

A) respect
B) gossip
C) tease

6 When Peter was younger, he didn’t have the _____ to give his opinion.
A) confidence
B) attempt
C) incident

7 I was very _____ before the test because I hadn't revised very well.
A) shocked
B) nervous
C) furious

8 When my father found out that I'd driven his car, he was _____ !
A) bright
B) strict
C) furious

6.04 Circle the correct words.

1 After his pet dog died he was very furious / surprised / depressed.
2 My mother taught me that we must treat / trust / tease everyone with respect.
3 She's very arrogant and she treats with respect / looks down on / takes pity on
those she thinks aren't her equal.
4 Don’t forget to make / have / do a shower before you go to bed.
5 Ryan was bright / upset / nervous when he learnt the truth about his girlfriend.
6 I often take / have / make quite scary dreams.
7 Come on! Make / Do / Take up your mind! We haven't got all day!
8 Small children can be very popular / strict / selfish because they don’t understand
how other people feel.

6.06 Complete the words. The first letter is already given.

1 Our teacher is very s _ _ _ _ _. He doesn’t allow us to talk in class.

2 As a child, Maria felt very l _ _ _ _ _ , because she didn’t have any brothers or
sisters to play with.
3 I don't t _ _ _ _ James. He tells lies all the time.
4 Martina likes to s _ _ _ off how clever she is.
5 Bob was s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ when all his friends came to his house on his birthday.
6 I don’t feel very s _ _ _ _ _ walking home by myself late at night.
7 When my brother was little, I took c _ _ _ of him when my parents
were away.
8 She couldn’t make a d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about what colour t-shirt to buy.

6.07 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 Harry _____ do homework for tomorrow. It's a holiday.

A) mustn't
B) has to
C) doesn’t have to

2 It _____ rain later. Take your umbrella with you.

A) can
B) may
C) must

3 _____ you buy some milk when you go to the supermarket?

A) Must
B) May
C) Can

4 Dennis really _____ speak to people like that. It's very rude.
A) may not
B) doesn’t have to
C) mustn't

5 You really _____ think more before you speak. Sometimes you say silly things.
A) ought to
B) may
C) can

6 Mary _____ be the person who stole your money. She was with me all the time.
A) can't
B) mustn't
C) shouldn’t

7 Dennis _____ stay up so late on school nights.

A) doesn’t have to
B) hasn’t
C) shouldn’t

8 You can’t go out with Sam; you _____ go to the dentist this afternoon.
A) can
B) have to
C) might

6.08 Circle the correct words.

A: I (1) may / should / ought to go to the beach tomorrow if the weather is good.
Would you like to come?
B: Yeah, I'd love to. But I think I (2) can / ought to / may check with my parents
first. I (3) must / don't have to / can't make this decision without asking them first.
A: Yes, of course. You (4) may / could / must have a very good relationship with
your parents, or are they strict?
B: No, they aren't, but I feel I (5) must / can / may ask for their permission first
before I do something. I (6) don't have to / can't / might not make decisions alone!
A: Right. Ok then. And (7) shall / do / may we ask Anna and George to come with
us too?
B: Sure, why not? But I think George (8) can be unable / will be not able to / won't
be able to come with us. He's away with his family this weekend.

6.09 Circle ‘C' for correct or ‘IC' for incorrect.

1 When I was little I could play the piano very well. C / IC

2 You mustn't help me with preparing the dinner. It's ready already! C / IC
3 She may be sorry about what she told you, I don’t know. C / IC
4 Karen and Cathy couldn’t be sisters. They don’t look alike. C / IC
5 You can be absolutely sure before you accuse someone of murder! C / IC
6 Must you wear a uniform to school when you were young? C / IC
7 Susan may be able to help you if she has enough time. C / IC
8 I think you couldn’t eat so much chocolate every day! C / IC

6.13 Read the story and choose the best title.

Juliet's school life

Juliet's a big bully
Juliet's life changes
____________________
Juliet looked at the letter and didn’t know what to do about it. She knew someone
from her school had sent it, and she knew what it was about. What she didn’t know
was what she should do about it. Should she hide it? Ought she to tell her parents?
She couldn’t ask anybody, really. She was alone.

On the whole, Juliet was a popular, well-behaved girl with a lot of confidence in
herself. She was kind to other kids at school and showed respect to her teachers.
She was also bright and hard-working, something which she was proud of. So, why
had people's behaviour towards her changed?

In the last few weeks, she'd noticed that people were staring at her and whispering
behind her back. She was sure they were gossiping about her. But why? She had
no idea, really. At first she was curious, but little by little she became annoyed with
them. She wanted to ask 'Hey! What are you staring at? Why are you looking at me
like that?' but she knew that she wouldn’t get an answer. Her friends avoided her
and the teachers looked at her in a strange way. Juliet became very depressed
and little by little she stopped going out at breaks, she kept to herself and she
became shy. She didn’t know what was happening. She felt she had to do
something but she didn’t know what. Who could she turn to for advice?

Then, one day last week, she found out the reason. Someone had left a piece of
paper on her desk. On it there was a drawing of Juliet and lots of people had
written bad things about her. Suddenly, she realised what had happened. She was
the victim of bullying – someone was jealous of her and wanted to hurt her.
Someone had told lies about her and others had believed them.
She started crying. The comments were so unkind and hurtful that she was
shocked.

Juliet wanted to talk to her best friend, Millie, but Millie was also avoiding her lately.
Suddenly she felt very lonely and scared. What if she spent the rest of her life
without people to talk to, without friends? How could she solve this problem?

6.15 Circle the correct words.

1 Juliet was a hard-working / arrogant girl.

2 People were teasing / gossiping about her when she wasn’t there.
3 She became depressed / amused with this behaviour.
4 Someone was jealous of / curious about her.
5 Millie / Juliet felt lonely and scared.

7.01 Circle the correct words.

1 My sister wanted to take part in the school theatre / play, but she wasn’t chosen
for any part.
2 Would you like to come with me to the rock concert / ballet? My favourite band
are playing.
3 Last week the school took us on a trip to the Natural History Gallery / Museum
and we saw some dinosaur bones!
4 My brother lost his mobile phone but he made up / picked up a story that it was
stolen so my parents wouldn’t get angry!
5 Can you please put me up / pick me up from the airport when I arrive?
6 My brother couldn’t find the remote control / TV set and he didn’t want to get up
and change the channels!
7 I love circuses / funfairs but my best friend is afraid of the fast rides.
8 The plot / drama of the novel was so interesting that I read it in one night!

7.03 Match the words with their definitions.

novel game toy rules exhibit plot remote control circus 1a

place
where clowns and acrobats perform __________
2 a gadget which allows you to change channels on the TV set __________
3 a set of instructions about how to play a game __________
4 an object which young children play with __________
5 a thing we see in a museum or gallery __________
6 something we play together with other people __________
7 an imaginary story in a book __________
8 the story of a book, play, etc __________

7.04 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 She _____ tennis as a sport because she needed the exercise.

A) gave up
B) picked up
C) took up

2 The teacher asked him why he was late and he _____ a silly excuse.
A) made up
B) did up
C) set up

3 There's an exhibition of Picasso paintings at the National _____.

A) Gallery
B) Museum
C) Theatre

4 We usually spend our Friday evenings at the _____. There are a lot of activities
for young people there.
A) drama
B) youth club
C) nightclub

5 My parents enjoy eating at the Chinese _____ round the corner.

A) restaurant
B) café
C) funfair

6 I want to _____ my room, but I don’t know what colour to paint it.
A) do up
B) set up
C) make up

7 The film is _____ in Morocco, in a very exotic location!

A) put
B) set
C) placed

8 I couldn’t follow the _____ of the film and in the end I fell asleep!
A) novel
B) story
C) plot

7.07 Correct the words in italics.

1 He mustn't have been the thief! He was in Paris the night of the burglary.
__________
2 Why didn’t you call me? You would have called me as soon as you learnt the
news. __________
3 I don’t know why he's late. He might has missed the bus. __________
4 Would have Peter helped us if he'd known? __________
5 I look forward to go to the Opera tomorrow! __________
6 Do you fancy to go horse-riding this weekend? __________
7 The drama teacher decided giving the main part to Serena. __________
8 You shouldn’t have given up to try to become an actor. __________

7.08 Circle the correct words.

A: Oh, no! You (1) can't / must / should have told me that you wanted to use the
camera today!
B: Why? Where is it? Don't tell me it isn't here! I was looking forward (2) to / in / at
using it! And I need it. How did you decide (3) to giving / to give / giving it to Patrick
without asking me first?
A: I'm really sorry. Patrick (4) may not / doesn’t / mustn't have gone to bed yet. I'll
give him a call.

A: Sue and Paul (5) must / can / should have arrived by now. Do you think
something is wrong?
B: No, they may have felt like (6) to take / at taking / taking a later bus. Let's give
them a call.
A: Sure, I will. Do you think they (7) must / are / may have forgotten about the
party, though?
B: No, I'm sure they intend (8) to come / coming / at coming. I spoke to Sue this
morning.

7.09 Circle ‘C' for correct or ‘IC' for incorrect.

1 Ben shouldn’t have gone rock-climbing all alone. C / IC

2 Where could the remote control has gone? I can't find it! C / IC
3 Wendy wouldn’t have taken up drama classes if her teacher hadn't suggested it.
C / IC
4 Tamara can't have made up the story. She never lies. C / IC
5 Would you have decided setting up a company if you could? C / IC
6 Ian is practising playing the violin for a classical music competition. C / IC
7 Sean loves directing school plays. C / IC
8 Sorry, I don’t feel like to go to the disco tonight. C / IC

7.13 Match the activities or places with the paragraphs.

ballet gallery theatre opera circus

1 __________
My uncle used to love this kind of music. He would listen to it for hours at home
and I loved going with him to watch performances. The singers, the clothes and the
settings are amazing when you watch live performances! It's not ballet but there's
choreography and the singers aren't actors, but they have to be able to express
their feelings. It's a great show, really! I've learnt to enjoy this type of music
because of my uncle.

2 __________
When I was little, my parents used to take me and my brother and sister to watch
the acrobats, the jugglers and the wild animals performing. Now, of course, they
aren't allowed to use animals, and in my opinion that's a good thing. Animals don’t
belong in places like that. They should be free. However, I still consider this to be a
top form of entertainment, so now I take my own kids to look at the acrobats.

3 __________
I always look forward to visiting this place when there's a new exhibition. I'm very
good at drawing and I want to see how other artists may have dealt with a subject
that I have painted as well. Next week I intend to visit a new exhibition of
impressionist painters. Some of their works have come to my country for the first
time.

4 __________
When I was younger, I was too shy and I didn’t want to perform in front of
audiences. However, my drama teacher has convinced me that I'm very good at
acting and that I should take part in the next school performance. He encouraged
me to study the part of Othello and try to take it. I'm actually looking forward now to
appearing on stage!

5 __________
The first time my mum took me to see a performance, I was left speechless! The
dancers seemed to float on air! They were flying like birds! And their costumes, it
was like a fairy tale. The music, too, was full of feelings. I loved every minute of the
performance and I decided there and then that I would become a dancer, too!

7.15 Circle the correct words.

1 In opera, singers have to be able to dance / act as well.

2 Animals are / aren't allowed to perform in modern circuses.
3 The writer in paragraph 3 can paint / dance.
4 The writer in paragraph 4 looks forward to taking / doesn’t want to take part in the
school performance.
5 The writer in paragraph 5 decided to become a dancer because her mum was a
dancer / she loved the performance.

8.01 Circle the correct words.

1 My grandparents got engaged / divorced first and then got married.

2 Do you have a good relationship with / to your parents?
3 Lucas went / fell in love with Anna as soon as he saw her for the first time.
4 Why did you split / cut up with your boyfriend?
5 My mother-in-law / agony aunt and I have a very good relationship.
6 Anita and John have been going out / up together for 6 months.
7 Do you ever read the advice that agony aunts / uncles give in magazines?
8 Yesterday I argued / broke up with my parents.

8.05 Circle the correct answer (A, B or C).

1 Harriet writes to the magazine's _____ for advice on personal matters.

A) aunt
B) problem aunt
C) agony aunt

2 I've known my best _____ since I was six years old!

A) friendship
B) friend
C) friendly

3 Josh and Mary have been going _____ for six years now. Isn't it time they got
engaged?
A) out
B) together
C) with

4 Mary didn’t want to show her _____ about winning the match, but it was difficult.
A) exciting
B) excitement
C) excite

5 My husband's mother is my _____.

A) mother-of-law
B) mother-to-law
C) mother-in-law

6 He said he was _____ but nobody believed him.

A) innocence
B) innocently
C) innocent

7 After ten years of marriage, Jonathan and Gina decided to get_____.

A) divorced
B) engaged
C) split up

8 Have you ever_____ in love with your best friend's boyfriend?

A) gone
B) dropped
C) fallen

8.06 Complete the sentences with one word. The first letter is given.

1 Are you c _ _ _ _ to your parents? Do you tell them everything?

2 Tamara's sudden a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ in the room made everyone stop talking.
3 He bought ten red roses for his g _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . How romantic!
4 Have you made any a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ for the wedding day?
5 I'm sorry, I can't help you. I'm in a difficult s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ myself.
6 My grandmother believed that people should never talk about their
p _ _ _ _ _ _ _ life with strangers.
7 Jamie gave his f _ _ _ _ _ _ his grandmother’s wedding ring as a present.
8 After six months, Luke came to me and he said he didn’t want to be with me
anymore, so we s _ _ _ _ up.

8.07 Circle the best meaning for each sentence (A, B or C).

1 I'll call you as soon as I come back home. I promise.

A) immediately when I arrive
B) sometime after I arrive
C) before I arrive
2 If it rains, we never play football in the garden.
A) it's our habit to play football in the garden in the rain
B) we don't play football in the garden when it rains
C) we sometimes play football in the garden in the rain

3 If he knew the answer, he'd tell us, I'm sure!

A) he knows the answer but he doesn’t want to tell us
B) he doesn’t know the answer
C) he knew the answer in the past, but he's forgotten it

4 Don't call me unless there's an emergency.

A) call me if there is an emergency
B) don't call me under any circumstances
C) don't call me if there is an emergency

5 If you asked him politely, he might help you.

A) I don't think you can be polite
B) you weren't polite when you asked him
C) he didn’t help you because you weren't polite

6 Wait until everybody's gone from the office before you lock the doors.
A) first check that everybody has left the office
B) lock the doors before anybody has left the office
C) lock the doors and then check that everybody has left the office

7 After you have breakfast, please wash the dishes.

A) wash the dishes before you have breakfast
B) first wash the dishes and then have breakfast
C) have breakfast first and then wash the dishes

8 She'll go out with Carl if he invites her.

A) Carl has invited her to go out
B) Carl hasn’t invited her yet
C) she goes out with Carl every time he invites her

8.08 Circle the correct words.

1 If she shows / will show / showed responsibility, her parents will trust her more.
2 I'm sure Ian will phone while we're / 'll be / 're going to be in the middle of the
meeting.
3 Mary usually has a shower as soon as she got / will get / gets back home from
work.
4 He wouldn’t be so angry if you would tell / told / tell him the truth more often.
5 Her relationship with her mother will never be / have never been / is never the
same as it was before the big argument.
6 After you will sign / are signing / have signed the papers, you can't change your
mind any more.
7 If you will have / would have / have a personal problem, why don't you write to an
agony aunt?
8 Before he leaves on a business trip, he will always check / always checked /
always checks that he's taken his laptop and important papers with him.

8.09 Circle ‘C’ for correct or ‘IC’ for incorrect.

1 If I were you, I wouldn’t be so rude to my mother-in-law! C / IC

2 Lila would split up with her boyfriend if she doesn’t love him. C / IC
3 Unless you will apologise, I'm not going to talk to you again! C / IC
4 As soon as he will discover that you lied to him, he'll be furious! C / IC
5 If Mathew weren't so shy, he would have a girlfriend. C / IC
6 If you leave ice cream out of the fridge, it melts. C / IC
7 Don't tell Ben anything that we discussed if you saw him at school. C / IC
8 When you'll have your own children you'll see! C / IC

8.13 Match the problems with the advice.

1 _____
Dear Christina,
I've got a problem with my school work. When I'm at home and I have to
concentrate and do my homework, I can't! I keep checking my profile on MySpace
and I chat with my friends and I spend a lot of time online, which I shouldn’t really.
My parents are beginning to lose their patience with me and I can understand
them, but I can't make myself stop. What should I do? Help!
Marcia (aged 14), Liverpool

2 _____
Dear Christina,
I feel very lonely. I'm an only child and my parents are very strict. They don’t let me
do anything my classmates do. They say I'm too young to go out in the evening
and they don’t let me go to parties or the disco. So my classmates make fun of me
and tease me and I feel terrible. How can I make my parents understand me?
They're very old-fashioned and they refuse to listen to anything I say. How can I
make them change their mind?
Greg (aged 15), Glasgow

3 _____

Dear Christina,
My younger brother, who is only eight years old, keeps coming into my room to
check out my stuff and read my diary. I've tried to tell him a lot of times that it's not
right and he shouldn’t do that, but he doesn’t listen to me. Our parents just say he's
young and he'll grow out of it when he's older, but it makes me angry because it's
not fair! What can I do to keep him out of my room? Can you help?
Connie (aged 16), London
A
I think your parents are right to an extent. Young children sometimes don’t
understand how other people feel and why they may get angry. I think it would be a
good idea to let your brother know how you feel about what he does and if that
doesn’t work, I'd be patient and I'd try to hide important things so he can't find them
and read them or destroy them. But I think you should also tell your parents that
you're not happy with the situation and perhaps they can come up with a solution.

B
Yes, sometimes parents can be like that. If they haven't got any other or older
children, they really don’t know how much things have changed since they were
kids and they often get shocked or appear to be strict because in their time things
were very different – and their parents were even stricter. I think it would be a good
idea if you actually invited some of your classmates home so your parents can get
used to the idea. And if you could get them to meet other parents, they'd probably
see how things have changed since their day.

C
Oh, dear! You're in a difficult situation here! Most kids your age face a similar
problem. If I were you, I'd move my laptop out of my bedroom, or I'd ask my
parents to turn off the internet for some hours a day. The problem is that almost
nobody can resist the temptation to check what's on the social media and this can
be a great waste of time! So, that's what I'd do if I were you! I hope that helps!

8.15 Circle the correct words.

1 Marcia has difficulty chatting with her friends / concentrating on her homework.
2 Greg's parents don't want to let him go to parties / change his mind.
3 Connie's parents believe that her brother will get worse / better when he's older.
4 Christina's advice is to be patient / confident with her brother.
5 Christina suggests showing classmates / parents how life now is different from
the past.