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Ex t e rior walls
contained an inside and outside layer of horizontal and
bottom-up pumping minimize ve rtical re b a r s. Congestion was especially seve re
consolidation problems around each window opening because of extra vertical
b a r s, stirrups between windows and an additional
curved bar placed at the center of the wall above and
below each window opening (see Figure 1). Minimum
BY PAUL SOMMERS, RE.
CHIEF ENGINEER clear cover for rebars was 11⁄2 inches on exterior wall
ALGERNON BLAIR, INC. faces and 3⁄4 inch for interior faces. There wasn’t much
MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA room to get a vibrator into the concrete, especially near
the windows. Yet a smooth-surfaced architectural fin-
ish was specified.
A decision was made to pump the walls from the bot-
tom up using a superplasticized concrete that would re-
umping concrete from the bottom up made
P
quire only minimal vibration. While concrete for
good sense to our engineers and superinten- columns and piers has frequently been placed using this
dents assigned to the Providence Hospital con- method, it is seldom used for walls.
struction project in Mobile, Alabama. Massive
20-foot-high arches at ground level varied in thickness Concrete proportions and properties
from 8 to 20 inches and concrete could be placed us- Trial mix proportions for the 4000-psi concrete are
ing conventional methods. But serpentine walls above shown in Table 1. A 3⁄4-inch-top-size crushed limestone
the arches were 8 inches thick with enough reinforce- coarse aggregate was used and the cement content was
TABLE 2. SAND GRADING FOR
PUMPED CONCRETE