International Journal of Mechanical and Production

Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD)

ISSN(P): 2249-6890; ISSN(E): 2249-8001
Special Issue, Jun 2018, 65-70
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BICAMBERED WING WITH AIRFOIL

SHAPED FUSELAGE AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV)

A. ANANDHA RAJA1, S. SAM VIMAL KUMAR2, N. KAMALAMOORTHY3 & S. DINESH4

1
Assistant Professor, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
2
PG Scholar, Kumaraguru College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
3
Associate Professor, Malla Reddy college of Engineering and Technology, Secunderabad, Telangana, India
4
UG Scholar, SNS College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT

This is a new conceptual based design and development of bicambered wing UAV (Unmanned aerial vehicle)
with an airfoil shaped fuselage and measuring of an atmospheric pressure and temperature for environmental
monitoring. Also, we compared the various aero dynamics characteristics of bicambered wing UAV with an airfoil shaped
fuselage and conventional cylindrical shaped UAV. NACA 4412 cambered air foil with chord length of 700 mm is used as

Original Article
a fuselage design configuration and United States Patent (US5395071) isused as bicambered wing design configuration
with chord length of 200 mm. Environmental characteristics are monitored by pressure and temperature sensors and
measured values are recordered with SD/MMC memory module in the form of digital format.
Aerodynamics characteristics are analyzed by using Ansys software, where the conceptual design will be created using
Creo software. The proposed system could be used to design and development (fabrication) of future UAV/aircraft to use
many military and civil purposes.

KEYWORDS: Bicambered Wing, Airfoil Shaped Fuselage, Flight Data Recorder & Environmental Monitoring

INTRODUCTION
Fuselage

It is basically in the form of airfoil shaped structure, which carry wings component such as aileron,
winglet, spoilers, flaps and tail assembly such as rudder, elevator, sensors and Data acquisition unit and Servos.
The airfoil-shaped fuselage is more efficient than the cylindrical shape fuselage on the basis of aero dynamic
characteristics. The fuel economy, noise reduction and lift to drag ratio by comparing the results of airfoil shaped
fuselage is better than the cylindrical shaped fuselage[1][2].

Bicambered Wing

Bicambered wing structure is an airfoil shaped profile, which has two surfaces are placed laterally.
The primary objective of the bicambered wing structure is to improve the airfoil characteristics.
The secondary objective of the bicambered wing structure is to reduce the mechanical force and pilot work load[3][4].
This complete design of proposed system was shown in figure 1 and it shows various views.

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66 A. Anandha Raja, S. Sam Vimal Kumar, N. Kamalamoorthy & S. Dinesh

Figure 1: Design of Bicambered Wing with Airfoil Shaped Fuselage UAV

Proposed System

The proposed system overall block diagram was showed in figure 2 and it contains heart of the systems and/or
components of Bicambered wing UAV. An Isometric view of proposed system was appeared in figure 3.

Figure 2: Block Diagram of Proposed System UAV

Figure 3: An Isometric View of Proposed System

System Design Specification

The proposed system design specification was mentioned in Table 1.

Table 1: Proposed System Specification of Bicambered Wing with Airfoil Shaped Fuselage UAV
WING
Airfoil type : Bicambered airfoil(US5395071) Maximum thickness between upper and lower
surface: 3.5cm (1st camber)
Chord Length : 20 cm Thickness of second camber: 2.5cm
Tip to tip length of both wing: 100 cm Position of the 1st camber: 6 cm
Root to tip length of each wing (span) : 50 cm Position of the 2nd camber: 14 cm
FUSELAGE
Airfoil type: NACA 4412 (cambered airfoil) Chord Length: 70 cm
Maximum thickness between upper and lower surface: Taper Angle: Zero
9.2 cm
HORIZONTAL STABILIZER: Tapered flat stabilizer of length 46 cm
VERTICAL STABILIZER: Flat horn balanced rudder with height of 15 cm.

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Design And Development of Bicambered Wing with Airfoil 67
Shaped Fuselage and Environmental Monitoring
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)

ASP two stroke glow engine is used for testing our system with maximum of 18000 rpm and fuel capacity of 250
ml. Testing will be carried out through 6 channel transceiver with 2.4055-2.475GHz radio frequency and 500Khz
bandwidth. Tiva TM4C123G development kit issued for measuring and storing the environmental condition informations
such as pressure and temperature. The data recording format and data extraction software is provided with the DK-
TM4C123G peripheral device.

ANALYSIS, FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION

Software Analysis

The design of bicambered wing with air foil shaped fuselage UAV model involves lot of trial and errorat different
stages analysis. The numerical data have been obtained from Ansys-fluent software. This analysis setup and finalized
model was shown in figure 4.

Boundary Conditions

• Flow of air is considered to be incompressible and subsonic.

• The free stream air flow has been kept 20 m/sec and the effect of temperature has been neglected.

• The density of air is 1.225 kg/m3.

• The operating pressure is 1.01 bar.

• The absolute viscosity is 1.789 * 10-5kg/m-s.

• The data have been obtained at different angle of attack from -3° to 15° with 3° steps.

Mesh Details

Mesh type :Unstructured mesh Transition ratio : 0.272

Relevant center : Fine Maximum layers : 5
Smoothing: Medium Growth rate : 1.2
Span angle center: Fine Nodes : 221147
Inflation : Smooth Elements : 1216169

Observations

The variables of design have been initialized and checked for convergence. As such lot of error and trial has been
involved; the solution was converged after several iterations.

Figure 4: Finalized Model of Bicambered Wing with

Airfoil Shaped Fuselage UAV after Meshing

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68 A. Anandha Raja, S. Sam Vimal Kumar, N. Kamalamoorthy & S. Dinesh

Aero dynamics characteristics of lift and drag coefficient was calculated and displayed in Table 1.

Table 1. Lift and Drag coefficient values of bicambered wing with airfoil shaped fuselage UAV software analysis
at different angle of attack.

Comparison of Lift and Drag Coefficients versus Angle of Attack

The comparison graph of angle of attack versus co-efficient of lift and drag for 20 m/s is shown in figure 5. From
this graph we could observe that drag is less than the lift.

Figure 5: Comparison of Lift and Drag Coefficient with

Different Angle of Attack at 20 M/S

Comparison of Lift and Drag

The lift to drag ratio curve of bicambered wing with airfoil shaped fuselage UAV is shown in figure 6 at 20 m/s.

Angle of attack Co-efficient of Lift Co-efficient of Drag

-3 -0.192 -0.025811
0 0.007755 0.017925
3 0.21 0.052527
6 0.41 0.091281
9 0.6024 0.1297
15 1.0532 0.19408

Figure 6: Lift to Drag Ratio Curve of Bicambered Wing with

Airfoil Shaped Fuselage UAV

The investigation of airfoil shaped fuselage with bicambered wing UAV has been carried out at 20m/sec and
compared with airfoil shaped wing with cylindrical fuselage UAV as referred in journal[6]. The angle of attack has been
varied from -3o to 18o with 3osteps. The stalling angle for our design is foun that about 15o for both models. The values of
CLmax and CDmax with stall angle for both models is tabulated below in table 2.

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Design And Development of Bicambered Wing with Airfoil 69
Shaped Fuselage and Environmental Monitoring
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)
Table 2: Aerodynamic Values for Conventional and Proposed UAV System

Configuration Stall angle CLmax CDmax L/D Ratio

Conventional UAV 15o 0.94 0.144 6.57
Proposed UAV 15o 1.05 0.19 5.10

Fabrication of Uav

The fabrication of bicamber wing air foil shaped UAV model is done and side view is shown in figure 7.

Figure 7: Complete Model View of Bicambered Wing with Air Foil Shaped
Fuselage and Environmental Condition Monitoring UAV
RESULTS

The bicambered wing with airfoil shaped fuselage and environmental monitoring UAV configuration shown in
figure 8 for 20 m/sec at 15o angle of attack. It provides approximately 10.98 % more lift co-efficient than that of the
conventional configuration. Also 24% more drag co-efficient than that of the conventional UAV. Based on the results, our
system will be very good option for designing the future UAV. Complete system analysis was showed in figure 8. Testing
process of take-off, flying and landing was done with short distance and lower angle of attack and this process was showed
in figure 9. During the flight test it is observed that, increase in minimum angle of attack leads to greater lift, altitude and
highly stable.

Figure 8: Stream Line Over Model at Velocity 20 M/Sec.

Figure 9: UAV Testing (Flying and Landing Process)

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70 A. Anandha Raja, S. Sam Vimal Kumar, N. Kamalamoorthy & S. Dinesh

REFERENCES

1. B. J. powell London, “The Calculation of the Pressure Distribution on a Thick Cambered Aerofoil at Subsonic speeds
Including the Effects of the Boundary Layer”, ministry of technology, aeronautical research council.(1967)

2. Patent Number: 5,395,071, United States Patent. (1995)

3. Jodi A. Miller, Paul D. Minear and Albert F. Niessner, “Intelligent Unmanned Air Vehicle Flight Systems”, AIAA Journal.
(2005)

4. M. Secanell and A. Suleman, “Design of a Morphing Airfoil Using Aerodynamic Shape Optimization”, University of Victoria,
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6. G. M. Jahangir Alam, Dr. Md. Mamun and Dr. A. K. M. Sadrul Islam, “Improved Aerodynamic Characteristics of Aerofoil
Shaped Fuselage than that of the Conventional Cylindrical Shaped Fuselage”, International Journal of Scientific &
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8. Safayet Hossain, Muhammad FerdousRaiyan, Mohammed Nasir Uddin Akanda and Nahed Hassan Jony, “A comparative flow
analysis of NACA 6409 and NACA 4412 aerofoil”, IJRET, eISSN: 2319-116. (2014)

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