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Quadrilateral
Quadrilateral:
A quadrilateral is a simple closed figure with four sides. One common property of all quadrilaterals is that the sum of all their angles equals 360°.
Properties of a parallelogram
Opposite sides are parallel and congruent.(PM=ON, PO=MN)
Opposite angles are congruent. (P=N, O=M)
Adjacent angles are supplementary.( P+O=1800 , N+O=1800 )
Diagonals bisect each other (not necessarily at 900) and each diagonal divides the parallelogram into two congruent triangles.
Diagonal doesn’t bisect the vertex angle.
If one of the angles of a parallelogram is a right angle then all other angles are right and it becomes a rectangle.
Important formulas of parallelograms
Area = L * H
Perimeter = 2(L+B)
Rectangles
Properties of a Rectangle
Opposite sides are parallel and congruent.
All angles are right.
The diagonals are congruent and bisect each other (divide each other equally).
A rectangle is a special type of parallelogram whose angles are right.
Important formulas for rectangles
If the length is L and breadth is B, then
Length of the diagonal of a rectangle = √(L2 + B2)
Area = L * B
Perimeter = 2(L+B)
Squares
Properties of a square
All sides and angles are congruent.
Opposite sides are parallel to each other.
The diagonals are congruent.
The diagonals are perpendicular to and bisect each other.
A square is a special type of parallelogram whose all angles and sides are equal.
Also, a parallelogram becomes a square when the diagonals are equal and right bisectors of each other.
Important formulas for Squares
If ‘L’ is the length of the side of a square then length of the diagonal = L √2.
Area = L2.
Perimeter = 4L
Rhombus
Properties of a Rhombus
All sides are congruent.
Opposite angles are congruent.
The diagonals are perpendicular to and bisect each other. Diagonals bisect the vertex angle as well.
Adjacent angles are supplementary (For eg., ∠A + ∠B = 180°).
A rhombus is a parallelogram whose diagonals are perpendicular to each other.
Important formulas for a Rhombus
If a and b are the lengths of the diagonals of a rhombus,
Area = (a* b) / 2, Perimeter = 4L
Trapezium Isosceles Trapezoids
Definition: An isosceles trapezoid is a trapezoid whose Oblique sides are
congruent.
Properties of a Trapezium
ABCD is not an isosceles trapezoid because AD and BC are not congruent.
The bases of the trapezium are parallel to each other (MN ⫽ OP). Because EH and FG are congruent, trapezoid EFGH is an isosceles
No sides, angles and diagonals are congruent. trapezoid.
If oblique sides are equal then the trapezium is called Isosceles There are several theorems to prove that a trapezoid is isosceles. These
Trapezium. properties are listed below.
Any trapezium which is inscribed in a circle has to be an isosceles
trapezium or vice versa. (1) A trapezoid is isosceles if and only if the base angles are congruent.
Important Formulas for a Trapezium (2) A trapezoid is isosceles if and only if the diagonals are congruent.
Area = (1/2) h (L+L2)
(3) If a trapezoid is isosceles, then its opposite angles are supplementary.
Perimeter = L + L1 + L2 + L3
Kite
A kite is a quadrilateral in which two disjoint pairs of consecutive sides are congruent (“disjoint pairs” means that one side can’t be used in both
pairs). Check out the kite in the given figure.
The properties of the kite are as follows:
Two disjoint pairs of consecutive sides are congruent by definition
Area=
Question:
The parallelogram shown below has an
area of 300 square feet. Find all its
internal angles.
Question:
In the parallelogram below, BB' is the
angle bisector of angle B and CC' is the
angle bisector of angle C.
0
Angle BAD=60 .
Area of trapezium?
Question:
In this figure ABCD is a square and triangle
ABE is an isosceles triangle.
Area of ABE = 2* Area of ABCD
Find the ratio of the area of EFG: ABCD
Question:
In this figure there are three
squares of side 3cm, 5 cm and
8 cm. Find the area of shaded
region.
Question:
ABCD is any quadrilateral, where AB=AD.
AE is angle bisector of BAC.
AF is angle bisector of CAD.
DB=5cm, FE=3cm.
2
Area of Triangle CEF=27cm
Find the area of triangle CBD.
Question:
In this figure ABC is a triangle.
Sides AB=10cm, AC=17cm, CB=21cm.
A square PQRS is inscribed in this
triangle. Find the side of the square.
Question:
ABCD is a trapezium, such that
ABIICD.
AB=6cm, CE=7cm, ED=5cm.
F is the mid-point of AB.
2
Area of trp. ABCD is 360cm .
Find the area of shaded region.
(FGEH)