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Assumptions in art
Art
Appreciation Art involves experience.
GE-AA - Art is a representation of our experiences. It involves
Jose Rizal Memorial its viewers in an experience. Art invites us to immerse
State University
ourselves in it to appreciate it more.
- Making art is not a contest or a competition; it may
be utilized to strengthen one’s identity, not just to
Art Assumptions
showcase talents, to share stories and unfurl
Ten paintings that
changed the world
mysteries. Further, Art is utilized either to influence
and convince, or destroy and unshape one’s belief.
Functions of art in daily
life Perez, T. R., Cayas, R. D., Jr., & Narciso, N. F. (2013).

Figure 2.1 Guernica, 1937, Pablo Picasso

Assumptions in art
Universal: It transcends cultures, races and civilizations.
- A means of communication: people share common Screenshots taken from Youtube
means of expression. i.e., music, dances literary
pieces, decorative arts, paintings and sculptures. They
communicate different feelings and emotions –
happiness, loneliness, pride, rage, revolt. We can see
them expressed in national anthems, historical
monuments, books (mutiny in noli and El fili).
- Timeless: goes beyond our time of our own existence,
it continually evolves (innovation, reinventing,
reviving works.
- Addresses human needs: it provides comfort,
Figure 2.2 Guernica, 1937, Pablo Picasso
entertainment, education leading to fulfillment and
satisfaction. Perez, T. R., Cayas, R. D., Jr., & Narciso, N. F. (2013).

Assumptions in art
Art may have the ability to cheer us up, to
entertain us, but it also has the power to effect
Art is not nature: It is man-made. real change in the world.
- Art is artificial because it is an imitation or
appropriation of reality or nature. It represents an Pablo Picasso once even went so far as to
idea , thoughts, feelings and emotions. declare, “Painting is not made to decorate
- Art does not change in itself unlike nature. apartments; it is an offensive and defensive
i n s t r u m e n t o f w a r a g a i n s t t h e e n e m y. ”
- Art is refined and processed while nature is raw and
organic. Some artworks throughout history have
- Though it is not nature, it is related to it. They have a revolutionised the way we think about politics,
“give and take” relationship. Nature provides the social issues and even art itself.
medium, resources and models while art recognizes
and appreciates it, facilitating for humanity’s From cave paintings to soup cans, princesses to
soviet leaders, these are the paintings that have
appreciation and stewardship of nature.
had an undeniable, impact on the art world and
Perez, T. R., Cayas, R. D., Jr., & Narciso, N. F. (2013).
beyond.

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Figure 2.3Lascaux caves,

17,000 Before Present Leonardo counts more than a f ew household
names among his artworks - but this might
not be one of them. This study of a foetus
c u r l e d u p i n a w o m b , h o w e v e r, a r g u a b l y
made more impact on the world than the
M o n a L i s a o r T h e L a s t S u p p e r. In m a k i n g
his anatomical drawings - taken from real
life dissections, an illegal practice for non-
physicians - Leonardo challenged moral and
artistic conv ention. Leonardo's discov eries
and methods went on to change the way
that both artists and scientists studied the
h u m a n b o d y.

Screenshots taken from Youtube Screenshots taken from Youtube

The oldest painting made quite the global

k e r f u ff l e - b u t n o t u n t i l 1 7 , 0 0 0 y e a r s a f t e r i t
was painted . In 1940, a group of young men
Figure 2.5
came across a cave in the French
countryside , inside of which th ey discov ered
some one of the world's most extraordinary Las
examples of prehistoric art. Whilst not the Meninas,
oldest example of human painting, the
cav es are one of the ear lies t exa mples of 1656,
sophisticated painting, demonstrating a key Diego
moment in the human drive to make art. Velazquez

Screenshots taken from Youtube Screenshots taken from Youtube

T h i s i s n o s t a n d a r d c o u r t l y p a i n t i n g . In t h i s
portrait of the Princess Margarita and her
“meninas”. or ladies in waiting, Spanish
Figure 2.4 a r t i s t D i e g o Ve l a z q u e z r a i s e d c o m p l e x
Studies of questions of viewpoint and viewer
i n v o lv e m e n t i n p a i n t i n g . Is t h e p i c t u r e d
the foetus in Ve l a z q u e z p a i n t i n g u s ? A r e w e t h e k i n g a n d
the womb, queen reflected in the mirror on the back
c.1510, wall? Its impact on art history has been
Leonardo da
profound: these are the kinds of questions
r a i s e d b y c u b i s m 2 5 0 y e a r s l a t e r, a n d
Vinci Picasso was so fascinated with Las
Meninas, he painted 58 versions of it.

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This radical nude is frequently hailed as a

rejection of the patriarchal gaze in art.
When Edouard Manet sat down to paint
Olympia on her bed, artis ts had been
Figure 2.6 painting reclining nudes for hundreds of
The Death years - but Olympia was going to be
different. The pose is directly based on
of Marat, Ve n u s o f U r b i n o b y R e n a i s s a n c e p a i n t e r
1793, Ti t i a n , a p a i n t i n g f a m e d f o r i t s s h o c k i n g
Jacques- s e x u a l i t y. B u t r a t h e r t h a n a c o m e h i t h e r
look in the eyes of the subject, Olympia is
Louis confrontational, her stare hard. Her hand is
David a barrier to her genitals, not a gesture of
invitation.

Screenshots taken from Youtube Screenshots taken from Youtube

This painting by French artist Jacques Louis

David, could be considered the first truly
political artwork. It depicts the aftermath of
revolutionary leader Jean-Paul M a r a t ’s
m u r d e r, w h o w a s s t a b b e d i n h i s b a t h t u b .
David took a poignant political moment and
painted it with near-photographic simplicity;
his painting of his dead friend went on to
become a pertinent piece of political
propaganda, seeing it turned into an
engraving which was widely circulated
among the public.
Figure 2.8 Campbell’s Soup Cans,
1962, Andy Warhol

Screenshots taken from Youtube Screenshots taken from Youtube

in contrast, this work by Andy Warhol
d e f i n i t e l y i s o f s o m e t h i n g - b u t i t ’s n o t
exactly something you would expect. Andy
Warhol took a piece of de sign tha t the
A m e r i c a n p e o p l e s a w e v e r y d a y, a n d t u r n e d
i t i n t o g a l l e r y - w o r t h y a r t . In d o i n g s o , h e
questioned ideas of value attached to art -
is this Campbell's soup tin really less
w o r t h y o f a t t e n t i o n t h a n a L e o n a r d o ? To
emphasise his point, Warhol first displayed
the works lined up on shelves in a gallery
space, mimicking how they would be
stacked in a grocery store.
Figure 2. 7Olympia, 1863,
Edouard Manet

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Illustrator Norman Rockwell made his

career depicting the normalities of American
mid-century life - both the good and the
bad. Painted in 1964, the work shows a
young black girl named Ruby Bridges
walking down the road, on her way to attend
an all-white school. She is flanked by
security due to the racial hatred this incited
- she walks past racial slurs written on the
walls. It became an iconic image of the Civil
Rights Movement, and Barack Obama had it
Figure 2.9 Guernica , 1937, Pablo put on display when he invited Bridges to
Picasso m e e t h i m a t T h e W h i t e H o u s e i n 2 0 11 .

Screenshots taken from Youtube Screenshots taken from Youtube

No artwork has become as important a
symbol of anti-war mov ements as this
heartbreaking painting by Pablo Picasso.
The work depicts the overnight bombing of
the Spanish city of Guernica in 1937, during
t h e S p a n i s h C i v i l W a r. P i c a s s o h a d b e e n
commissioned by the Spanish Republican
government to create an artwork, and was
so disgusted by the atrocity that he chose it
Figure 2.11 Guerilla Girls, 1989,
as his subject. The painting was made into
a full s ize replica tapestry which hangs in
the United Nations headquarters in New Do women have to be naked to
Yo r k . get into the Met Museum?

Screenshots taken from Youtube Screenshots taken from Youtube

The Guerilla Girls are an anonymous group

of artists with an important message. This
art collective meets activism group has
spent the last thirty years vocally fighting
racism and sexism in the art world. They do
this by simply stating the facts - in this case
that “less than 5% of the artists in the
Modern art section [of the Metropolitan
M u s e u m i n N e w Yo r k ] a r e w o m e n , b u t 8 5 %
of the nudes are female”. This poster has
Figure 2.10 The Problem We All become a symbol of furthering female
respresentation in art institutions.
Live With, 1964, Norman Rockwell

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Functions in art
General classification of art as to function:
- Indirectly functional art – refers to the arts that are
“perceived through the senses” such as fine arts,
painting, music, sculpture dance, literary piece,
theatrical performances and the like.
Perez, T. R., Cayas, R. D., Jr., & Narciso, N. F. (2013).

Figure 2.12 My God, Help Me to

Survive This Deadly Love, 1990, Figure 2.15 Swan Lake: St Petersburg Ballet Theatre 2018

Dmitri Vrubel

In 1979, a famous photo of Soviet Union Functions in art

leader Leonid Brezhnev and German Screenshots taken from Youtube

Democratic Republic leader Erich Honecker

was taken. The two were depicted in a
socialist fraternal kiss - a kiss which is
made on the mouth if two leaders consider Figure 2.17 Philippine banig design on laptop case
Sassy Manila
themselves particularly close. Artist Dmitri
Vr u b e l c h o s e t o p a i n t t h i s i m a g e o n t o t h e
Berlin Wall, accompanied by the
controv ersial epithet. As the most famous
p a r t o f t h e E a s t S i d e G a l l e r y, w h e r e m u r a l s
Figure 2.16 Birds on Hermes Bag – Heart Evangelista
are displayed on the remaining parts of the
Berlin Wall, the painting is a symbol of how
art can be an expression of people power -
a power that can change the direction of
politics.

Functions in art Functions in art

Screenshots taken from Youtube Aesthetic function:
General classification of art as to function:
- It functions aesthetically when it becomes
- Functional art – refers to art that we use in our daily
instrumental for man to recognize the beauty of
lives such as tools, architectural structures, roads,
nature and where the real feelings of joy and
bridges, buildings, furniture, kitchen utensils, coins,
appreciation to nature’s beauty are manifested
bills, dress, weapons etc. Perez, T. R., Cayas, R. D., Jr., & Narciso, N. F. (2013).
through appreciation and enjoyment when in contact
with the artwork.

Figure 2.14 High Trestle Trail Bridge

Figure 2.13 Main Building – University of Santo
Figure 2.18 Wood sculpture for Mosaicultures event in
Tomas.
Montreal Botanical Garden

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Functions in art Figure 2.19 Milan Fashion Week - Spring/Summer 2014

Reference
Utilitarian function: Perez, T. R., Cayas, R. D., Jr., & Narciso, N. F. (2013). Alampat: An Introduction to Art Appreciation. Davao City, Davao: Blue Patriacrch

- It serves this function Publishing House.

Brennan, A. N. F. (2018, April 19). Ten paintings that changed the world. [blog post] Retrieved from
when it is utilized to give https://www.standard.co.uk/go/london/arts/ten-paintings-that-changed-the-world-a3817526.html

comfort, convenience and

happiness to human
beings such as food,
shelter, clothing,
medicine, comfortable
environment,
transportation, etc., that
make man live with
happiness and ease.

Functions in art
Cultural function:
- Art here bridges connection among people, it serves a
social function. Art here encourages good relationship
unity and cooperation are being facilitated and
established.

Figure 2.21 Kapayapaan along EDSA

Figure 2.20 Dipolog Rotunda

Functions in art

Cultural function:
- Art helps, preserves, share and transmits culture of
people from one generation to another.

Figure 2.20 Loren Legarda with the Panay-Bukidnon Cultural Community