Asset Criticality Identify &

Identification Consequence of Loss Assess Threats

Identify & Assess Vulnerabilities

Probability Consequence
High Medium Low Identify
Determine High Risk Reduction
Risk Level Medium Options
Low
Unacceptable Risk–Action Required
Determine
Marginally Acceptable Risk–Consider Action
Acceptability
Risk Acceptable–No Action
of Risk

Repeat
Implementation Until Acceptable
Perform
Cost/Benefit
Analysis
ACCEPTABLE NOT ACCEPTABLE

Color Figure 1.1 Example risk management process (DoE, 2002).

© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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 Relief Air

D-2 Exhaust Fan

M
Return Fan

M D-3 D-4 M
Outside Air
Intake
AHU
D-1 Supply Fan
M
General
Low-Leakage Building Areas
Damper

Color Figure 8.1 Emergency air distribution shutoff.

© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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 Carbon Dioxide Concentration
30,000

CO2 - 10 ft2/person
25,000
CO2 - 12 ft2/person
CO2 - 15 ft2/person
20,000 CO2 - 20 ft2/person
Concentration (PPM)

15,000

10,000

5,000

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Time (minutes)

Color Figure 8.4  Carbon dioxide concentrations in tightly sealed shelters.

© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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 Relief Air Outside
Air
Mechanical Room M M
D-1
Low
Return Fan Leakage
Damper
AHU H
H C E
Filter

C C P
A

Collective Protection Area

Color Figure 8.5 Central air-handling system with a HEPA filter.

© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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 Mechanical Room
Carbon Adsorbers

Return Fan HEPA Filter

Outside
AHU H EFU
H C Air
Filter

E
C C P
A

Collective Protection Area

Color Figure 8.6 Air-Handling system with HEPA and carbon filters on the outside air
intake.

HEPA Filters
Mechanical Room and Carbon
Adsorbers
Return Fan
Outside
AHU H Air
H C
Filter

E
C C P
A

Collective Protection Area

Color Figure 8.7 Air-Handling system with HEPA and carbon filters in the central air-
handling unit.

© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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 Color Figure 8.8  Blower door assembly.

© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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 Dirty Mechanical
Room or Outside
Clean Mechanical Room
Carbon Adsorbers
Return Fan HEPA Filter
Outside
AHU H EFU
H C Air
Filter

E
C C P
A
AHU H Outside
H C Air
Filter
E
C C P
A

Collective Protection Area

Color Figure 8.9 Blow-through filter unit located outside or in a dirty mechanical room.

Clean Mechanical Room Carbon Adsorbers

HEPA Filter
Return Fan
Outside
AHU EFU H
H C Air
Filter

E
C C P
A

Color Figure 8.10 Draw-through filter unit located in a clean mechanical room.

© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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 Effect of Face Velocity on Collection Efficiency and MPPS
100.0

98.0 High Efficiency

Filter
Collection Efficiency

96.0

94.0

Face Velocity, cm/s

92.0
2
5
90.0 10
20
88.0
0.01 0.1 1.0 10
Particle Diameter (micrometers)

Color Figure 10.2 Effect of face velocity on collection efficiency and MPPS. (NIOSH, 2002.)

© 2009 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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