Example: Braced Slender Column With Bi-Axial Bending: General Design Parameters

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Software Consultants (Pty) Ltd Client
Internet: http://www.prokon.com
E-Mail : mail@prokon.com Calcs by Checked by Date
Example: Braced slender column with bi-axial bending C11
Rectangular column design by PROKON. (RecCol Ver W3.0.10 - 04 Jan 2017)

b=230
Design code : Eurocode 2 - 2004
d'y=50
General design parameters: 500 Y
Given:
d'x=50
h = 460 mm 400
b = 230 mm
d'x = 50 mm 300
d'y = 50 mm
h=460
X X
l = 5.000 m 200
fck = 30 MPa
fy = 450 MPa 100
Design chart for bending about the X-X axis: 0
100
Y
200
Column design chart (X-X)
0
Moment max = 567.0kNm @ 931 kN
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)
1500 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%

1000
50.0
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
500
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
Bending moment (kNm)
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Design chart for bending about the Y-Y axis:
Column design chart (Y-Y)
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)
1500 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%

1000
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
500
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
Therefore:
Ac = b . h
= .23 ×.46
= 0.1058 m²
h' = h - d'x
= .46 - .05
= 0.4100 m
b' = b - d'y
= .23 - .05
= 0.1800 m
Assumptions:
(1) The general conditions of clauses 5.8.8.3, 5.8.4, and 5.8.8 are applicable.
(2) The section is symmetrically reinforced.
(3) The specified design axial loads include the self-weight of the column.
(4) The design axial loads are taken constant over the height of the column.
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Job Title
Design approach:
The column is designed using the following procedure:
(1) The column design charts are constructed.
(2) The design axis and design ultimate moment is determined .
(3) The steel required for the design axial force and moment is read from the
relevant design chart.
(4) The area steel perpendicular to the design axis is read from the relevant
design chart.
(5) The procedure is repeated for each load case.
(6) The critical load case is identified as the case yielding the largest
steel area about the design axis.
Through inspection:
Load case 3 (DL + LL + WL) is critical.
Check column slenderness:

End fixity and bracing for bending about the X-X axis:
The column is braced.
Designer specified ßx = 0.80
End fixity and bracing for bending about the Y-Y axis:
The column is braced.
Designer specified ßy = 0.75
Effective column height:
lox = ßx. l
= .8 ×5
= 4.000 m
loy = ßy. l
= .75 ×5
= 3.750 m
Column slenderness about both axes:
lox
lx =
rx
4
=
.13279
= 30.123
loy
ly =
ry
3.75
=
.0664
= 56.476
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Minimum Moments for Design:

Check for mininum eccentricity:
For bi-axial bending, it is only necessary to ensure that the imperfection
eccentricity moments are added about one axis at a time.
For the worst effect, add the eccentricity moment about the minor axis:
5.2(7)
q . l0
eminx =
2
.005 ×4
=
2
= 0.0100 m
5.2(7)
q. l0
eminy =
2
.005 ×3.75
=
2
= 0.0094 m
But emin must be at least 20mm or the value below:

6.4
eminx = 0.03 . h
= 0.03 ×.46
= 0.0138 m
6.4
eminy = 0.03 . b
= 0.03 ×.23
= 0.0069 m
Mminy = eminy. N
= .02 ×720
= 14.400 kNm
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Check if the column is slender: 5.8.3.1
Ned = 720.0 kN
acc. f ck
f cd =
1.5
1 ×30
=
1.5
= 20.000 MPa
5.5.3.1 (1)
Ned
n=
Ac. f cd
720
=
.1058 ×20000
= 0.3403
Check slenderness about X-X 5.8.3.1 (1)
A = 0.7
5.8.3.1 (1)
B = 1.1
Larger end moment about X-X axis
M02 = 284.4 kNm
Smaller end moment about X-X axis
M01 = 149.4 kNm
5.8.3.1 (1)
M01
rm = -
M02
149.4
=-
284.4
= -0.5253
5.8.3.1 (1)
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C = 1.7 - rm
= 1.7 - -.52532
= 2.225
5.8.3.1 (1)
20 . A . B . C
llimx =
n
20 ×.7 ×1.1 ×2.2253
=
.34026
= 58.749
lx = 30.12 < 58.75
Check slenderness about Y-Y 5.8.3.1 (1)
A = 0.7
5.8.3.1 (1)
B = 1.1
Larger end moment about Y-Y axis
M02 = 30.0 kNm
Smaller end moment about Y-Y axis
M01 = 15.0 kNm
5.8.3.1 (1)
M01
rm = -
M02
15
=-
30
= -0.5000
5.8.3.1 (1)
C = 1.7 - rm
= 1.7 - -.5
= 2.200
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5.8.3.1 (1)
20 . A . B . C
llimy =
n
20 ×.7 ×1.1 ×2.2
=
.34026
= 58.082
ly = 56.48 < 58.08
\ The column is short.
Initial moments:
The column is bent in double curvature about the X-X axis:
M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 135.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 270.0 kNm
The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 5.8.8.2
Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 ×135 + 0.6 ×270
= 108.000 kNm
Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×270
= 108.000 kNm
\ Mi ³ 0.4M2 = 284.4 kNm
The column is bent in double curvature about the Y-Y axis:

M1 = Smaller initial end moment = 15.0 kNm
M2 = Larger initial end moment = 30.0 kNm
The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 5.8.8.2
Mi = - 0.4 . M1 + 0.6 . M2
= - 0.4 ×15 + 0.6 ×30
= 12.000 kNm
Mi2 = 0.4 . M2
= 0.4 ×30
= 12.000 kNm
\ Mi ³ 0.4M2 = 30.0 kNm

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Design ultimate load and moment:

Design axial load:
N = 720.0 kN
Moments as a result of imperfections added about X-X axis 5.8.9 2)
Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the X-X:
At the top, Mx = 284.4 kNm
Near mid-height, Mx = 122.4 kNm
At the bottom, Mx = 149.4 kNm
Moments about X-X axis( kNm)
Mx=284.4 kNm
Mxtop=270.0 kNm Mxmin=14.4 kNm
+ =
Mxbot=135.0 kNm
Initial Additional Design
Moments as a result of imperfections added about X-X axis 5.8.9 2)
Moment distribution along the height of the column for bending about the Y-Y:
At the top, My = 30.0 kNm
Near mid-height, My = 12.0 kNm
At the bottom, My = 15.0 kNm
Moments about Y-Y axis( kNm)
My=30.0 kNm
Mytop=30.0 kNm Mymin=14.4 kNm
+ =
Mybot=15.0 kNm
Initial Additional Design

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
Design of column section for ULS:

Through inspection:
The critical section lies at the top end of the column.
For bending about the X-axis:
Column design chart (X-X)
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)
1500 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%

1000
50.0
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
500
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
Minimum reinforcement required for bending about the X-X axis only:
From the design chart, Asc = 3201 mm² = 3.03%
For this value of Asc the following applies:
fsd = 391.3 MPa
fst = 391.3 MPa
acc. f ck
f cd =
1.5×106
1 ×3000×104
=
1.5×106
= 20.000 MPa
Ac = 105800.0 mm²
(f sd + f st ). Asc
f cd. (Ac - Asc) +
2
Nrd =
1×103
(3913×105 + 3913×105 )×.0032
2000×104 ×(.1058 - .0032 ) +
2
= 3
1×10
= 3 304.160 kN
Job Number Sheet
Job Title
N = 720.0 kN
Thus 5.8.9 (4)
a = 1.10
From the design charts:
MRdz = 343.8 kNm
MRdy = 138.9 kNm
Applied moments:
MEdz = 284.4 kNm
MEdy = 30.0 kNm
Thus: 5.8.9 (4)
MEdz a MEdy a
f ac = +
MRdz MRdy
284.4 1.0982 30 1.0982
= +
343.83 138.86
= 0.9977
This is < 1 therefore OK.

Job Number Sheet
Job Title
For bending perpendicular to the design axis:
Column design chart (Y-Y)
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
Axial load (kN)
1500 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6%

1000
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
500
-500
-1000
-1500
-2000
Summary of design calculations:

Design results for all load cases:
Load case Axis N (kN) M1 (kNm) M2 (kNm) Mi (kNm) Madd (kNm) Design M (kNm) M' (kNm) Asc (mm²)
X-X 20.0 20.0 8.0 0.0 Y-Y 8.0 424 (0.40%)
1 Y-Y 1008.0 -25.0 25.0 25.0 38.9 Middle 84.1 1153 (1.09%)
X-X 35.0 70.0 84.0 0.0 X-X 84.0 258 (0.24%)

2 Y-Y 700.0 5.0 10.0 10.0 0.0 Top 10.0 424 (0.40%)
X-X 135.0 270.0 284.4 0.0 X-X 284.4 3181 (3.01%)

3 Y-Y 720.0 15.0 30.0 30.0 0.0 Top 30.0 424 (0.40%)
Load case 3 (DL + LL + WL) is critical.

Example: Braced Slender Column With Bi-Axial Bending: General Design Parameters

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Job Number Sheet

Example: Braced slender column with bi-axial bending C11

Rectangular column design by PROKON. (RecCol Ver W3.0.10 - 04 Jan 2017)

General design parameters: 500 Y

Design chart for bending about the X-X axis: 0

Design chart for bending about the Y-Y axis:

Check column slenderness:

Effective column height:

Column slenderness about both axes:

Minimum Moments for Design:

But emin must be at least 20mm or the value below:

Check if the column is slender: 5.8.3.1

Check slenderness about X-X 5.8.3.1 (1)

Larger end moment about X-X axis

M02 = 284.4 kNm

Smaller end moment about X-X axis

M01 = 149.4 kNm

Check slenderness about Y-Y 5.8.3.1 (1)

Larger end moment about Y-Y axis

M02 = 30.0 kNm

Smaller end moment about Y-Y axis

M01 = 15.0 kNm

\ The column is short.

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 5.8.8.2

\ Mi ³ 0.4M2 = 284.4 kNm

The column is bent in double curvature about the Y-Y axis:

The initial moment near mid-height of the column : 5.8.8.2

\ Mi ³ 0.4M2 = 30.0 kNm

Design ultimate load and moment:

Moments as a result of imperfections added about X-X axis 5.8.9 2)

Initial Additional Design

Moments as a result of imperfections added about X-X axis 5.8.9 2)

Initial Additional Design

Design of column section for ULS:

For bending about the X-axis:

For this value of Asc the following applies:

fsd = 391.3 MPa

fst = 391.3 MPa

Thus 5.8.9 (4)

From the design charts:

MRdz = 343.8 kNm

MRdy = 138.9 kNm

MEdz = 284.4 kNm

MEdy = 30.0 kNm

Thus: 5.8.9 (4)

This is < 1 therefore OK.

For bending perpendicular to the design axis:

Summary of design calculations:

X-X 35.0 70.0 84.0 0.0 X-X 84.0 258 (0.24%)

X-X 135.0 270.0 284.4 0.0 X-X 284.4 3181 (3.01%)

Load case 3 (DL + LL + WL) is critical.

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