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Properties
of Materials
Notes:
1. Properties of materials vary greatly depending upon manufacturing
processes, chemical composition, internal defects, temperature, previous load-
ing history, age, dimensions of test specimens, and other factors. The tabulated
values are typical but should never be used for specific engineering or design
purposes. Manufacturers and materials suppliers should be consulted for infor-
mation about a particular product.
2. Except when compression or bending is indicated, the modulus of elas-
ticity E, yield stress sY, and ultimate stress sU are for materials in tension.
959
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960 APPENDIX H Properties of Materials
Concrete
Plain 23 2,300
Reinforced 24 2,400
Lightweight 11–18 1,100–1,800
Copper 87 8,900
Nickel 87 8,800
Plastics
Nylon 8.6–11 880–1,100
Polyethylene 9.4–14 960–1,400
Rock
Granite, marble, quartz 26–28 2,600–2,900
Limestone, sandstone 20–28 2,000–2,900
Titanium 44 4,500
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APPENDIX H Properties of Materials 961
Plastics
Nylon 2.1–3.4 0.4
Polyethylene 0.7–1.4 0.4
Rock (compression)
Granite, marble, quartz 40–100 0.2–0.3
Limestone, sandstone 20–70 0.2–0.3
Wood (bending)
Douglas fir 11–13
Oak 11–12
Southern pine 11–14
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962 APPENDIX H Properties of Materials
Glass 30–1,000 0
Plate glass 70
Glass fibers 7,000–20,000
Plastics
Nylon 40–80 20–100
Polyethylene 7–28 15–300
Rock (compression)
Granite, marble, quartz 50–280
Limestone, sandstone 20–200
Steel
High-strength 340–1,000 550–1,200 5–25
Machine 340–700 550–860 5–25
Spring 400–1,600 700–1,900 3–15
Stainless 280–700 400–1,000 5–40
Tool 520 900 8
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APPENDIX H Properties of Materials 963
Wood (bending)
Douglas fir 30–50 50–80
Oak 40–60 50–100
Southern pine 40–60 50–100
Coefficient of Coefficient of
Material thermal expansion a Material thermal expansion a
106/°C 106/°C
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