Report Khanyar

DRAFT REPORT OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION
PROPOSED 132/33kV GIS SUBSTATION

AT
KHANYAR UNDER PMDP-2015 IN THE STATE OF
JAMMU & KASHMIR
M/s SHYAM INDUS POWER SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.
NOV, 2018
Space Engineers’ Consortium (P) Ltd.

Ist Floor, Alfarooq Building, Jawahar Nagar, Srinagar (J&K)-190008
SPACE ENGINEERS CONSORTIUM (P) LIMITED
Geotechnical Investigation for proposed 132/33kV GIS Substation at Khanyar in the state of Jammu & Kashmir.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 SCOPE OF THIS REPORT......................................................................................................................................................................1
2.0 PLANNING OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAMME......................................................2
2.1 SCOPE OF WORK................................................................................................................................................2-3
3.0 GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF THE REGION........................................................................................4
3.1 LOCATION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................4

3.2 CLIMATE ...................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4-5
3.3 GEOLOGY OF THE AREA ...................................................................................................................................................................... 5-7
3.4 S EISMICITY ...............................................................................................................................................................................................8-10

4.0 METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION ......................................................................................................... 11
4.1 B OREHOLES.................................................................................................................................................................................................. 11
4.2 S TANDARD PENETRATION TESTS (SPT).......................................................................................................11-12
4.3 DISTURBED SAMPLING IN BOREHOLES .......................................................................................................................................... 12
4.4 UNDISTURBED S AMPLING IN BOREHOLES.................................................................................................................................... 12
4.5 LABORATORY TESTING..................................................................................................................................................... ……….12-13
5.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS / PROPOSED DESIGN PARAMETERS/FOUNDATION

SUPPORT ................................................................................................................................................................. 13
5.1 S UBSURFACE CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 13-14

5.2 PENETRATION R ESISTANCE AND PROPOSED DESIGN PARAMETERS (S OIL).............................................14-15
6.0 SOIL RESISTIVITY (WENNER METHOD)----------------------------------------------------------------------15-16
7.0 CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17-18
8.0 PLATE LOAD TEST-…………………………………………………………………………………………..19

8.2 Test Procedure……………………………………………………………………………………………...19
8.3 Pressure Increments..………………………………………………………………………………………19
8.4 Interpretation of Test Results………………………………………………………………………….20-21
9.0 TRIAL PITS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….22
10.0 BEARING CAPACITY COMPUTATION……………………………………………………………….22-25
11.30 RECOMMENDATIONS……………………………………………………………………………………26
ANNEXURES
Following details attached for each structure..

- Site Plan
- Annexure-I Bore logs
- Annexure-II Test Result Sheets
- Annexure-II Trial Pits
- Annexure-III Sample Calculation
- Annexure-IV Electrical Resistivity Test
- Annexure-V Plate Load Test Results
- Annexure-VI Sieve Analysis
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT AT PROPOSED 132/33kV GIS

SUBSTATION AT KHANYAR UNDER PMDP-2015 IN THE STATE OF JAMMU &
KASHMIR
1.0 INTRODUCTION
The client has undertaken Topographical and Geo-Technical Survey at proposed

132/33Kv Khanyar (New) GIS including 2x50MVA, 220/33Kv, 3-Phase Power
Transformer works in J&K under PMDP-2015.
The concessionaire, M/s SHYAM INDUS POWER SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. have
entrusted the work of sub soil investigation to M/s Space Engineer’s Consortium (P) Ltd
under Ref .No: SHYAM/PGCIL/WO-SS02/J&K/21.M/s SECL carried out the
investigations, field tests, sampling and laboratory testing under the instructions of main
contractor. SECL carried out the field - work during November 2018.
Field identification tests and in situ strength tests as well as laboratory tests on soil
samples were carried out. All the fieldwork and laboratory tests were conducted as per the
standard specifications and instructions of client. This report is based on the data collected
during the fieldwork and laboratory testing on collected soil samples.
1.1 Scope of This Report
This report contains the following information;

 In troduc tion
 Planning of geotechnical Investigation programme including scope of work
 Methodology of Investigation
 Geotechnical assessment / proposed design soil parameters / foundation
support
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2.0 PLANNING OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAMME
Based on nature of the project, soil borings under the structures were planned to: obtain
soil samples, both representative and undisturbed (wherever possible) for classification
tests and other laboratory tests for determining engineering properties; conduct Standard
Penetration test in the boreholes;
2.1 SCOPE OF WORK
2.2.1 All field, laboratory work and presentation of boring records have been done in
accordance with relevant Indian Standard Specifications.
2.2.2 Bore holes of specified depth, to be carried out by shell and auger.
2.2.3 The diameter of the bore holes shall be minimum 150mm for auger boring.
Undisturbed samples shall be of 100mm diameter and 450mm long to be collected at
specified interval and at every significant change in strata. The depth at which ground
water level is struck shall be recorded in each bore hole and record of water levels to be
maintained in all the bare holes till the completion of field work.
2.2.4 Standard penetration shall be carried out at approximately 1.5m or at change of

strata. Samples for split spoon sampler shall be placed in plastic bags as disturbed
samples for lab tests.
2.2.5 Laboratory tests shall be carried out on disturbed and undisturbed samples of soil
as follows:
 Atterberg limits to determine index properties.
 Mechanical analysis.
 Unconfined compression and direct shear test to determine cohesion and angle of
internal friction.
 Sp e c if ic g ra v ity .
 Consolidation test to determine settlement characteristics.
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 CBR value of soil at specified location.
2.2.7 The soil investigation report shall comprise of the following:

 Geo lo gic al n o te o f t h e si te .
 Site conditions stating location, topography and sub-soil conditions.
2.2.8 Plate Load Test: For the determination of Safe bearing capacity at foundation level at
specified locations as per IS 1888.
2.2.9 Trial pits including excavation of test pit, dressing pit, taking samples and visual
geological observations.
2.10 Conducting electrical resistivity test.
2.2.11 California Bearing Ratio (CBR).

Summary of proposed Laboratory Testing program is given below;
Disturbed Soil Undisturbed
Sl. No. Particulars of Properties Sample from Soil
SPT Samples
1 Sieve Analysis 
2 Natural Moisture Content 
3 Void ratio 
4 Coefficient of consolidation 
5 Unconfined compressive strength 
6 CBR test 
7 Specific Gravity 
8 Atterberg Limits 
9 DST (for c and phi determination) 
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3.0 GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF THE REGION
3.1 Location
Nowshera is the notified area in the municipal committee of Srinagar, in the Indian
administered state of Jammu and Kashmir. It is located about 9.9 km towards
North from the commercial center of Kashmir and is at an average altitude of
1,592 m (5,223 ft) above sea level, located on at 34.129977°N 74.805308°E. The
area is bounded by Soura towards North, Zadibal towards South, Lal
Bazar towards East and Zanimar towards West. Most of the residential places are
quite old fashioned and date back to the time when people at the first place settled
here similar to one's in Downtown Srinagar.
3.2 Climate
The climate found in the zone of the Middle Mountains and the valleys is of a particular
type. Altitude determines the degree of coolness and elevation the form of precipitation
and summer temperature. Winter is cold and of long duration. When the monsoons are
strong, rain is caused. In higher mountains round the valley of Kashmir, winter is very
cold and there is snow-fall. Summer is very short and milder. The climate in the Valley of
Kashmir has its own peculiarities. Winter is very cold. It lasts from November to March.
During these months strong winds bring snow and rain from the Mediterranean
depressions. Spring begins after 15th of March when rain falls heavily. It causes
landslides. But for sowing crops this rain is extremely useful. Rainfall in July and August
is as high as 70% and with summer temperature, it causes discomfort. The lakes and
waterways make the atmosphere damp and oppressive. The entire valley is covered with
a haze that hides the surrounding mountains from view. The seasons are marked with
sudden change and the year is divided into six seasons of two months each.
Spring March 15 to May 15.

Summer May 15 to July 15.
Rainy Season July 15 to Sept. 15.
Autumn Sept. 15 to Nov. 15.
Winter Nov. 15 to Jan 15.
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Ice Cold Jan. 15 to March 15.
From December 24 to March 8 temperature is often below zero. Strong winds blow from
south and southeast. It snows during winter and there are thick black clouds in the sky.
Annual rainfall of the valley recorded is about 720mm. The highest temperature reliably
recorded is 38.3 °C (100.9 °F) and the lowest is −20.0 °C (−4.0 °F). January is the coldest
month.
3.3 Geology of the Area
3.3.1 The sequence of un-consolidated clay, and conglomerate, with lignite of PLIOCENE to
quarternary age in the Kashmir valley, overlying the pre-cambrian to Mesozoic basement
rocks and overlain, in turn, by the more recent river alluvia is defined lithostrati
graphically as the Karewa group. The soft, un-consolidated sand – clay – conglomerate
rocks of Karewa group characterize the Kashmir valley and occupy nearly half of the
Kashmir valley floor. The karewa deposits represent a sequence of fluvial, lacustrine and
Aeolian sediments that were deposited initially in the framework of a large lake which
once covered the whole of Kashmir valley floor and that the karewa succession is
invariably topped by subaerial brown silts that were generated later when the draining out
/ desiccation of the lake had set in.
3.3.2 The major lithological constituents of karewa group are plastic, gray to bluish – gray
clay, light – gray sandy clay, fine to coarse, green to purple sand, conglomerate, lignite
and lignitic clay in the lower part (i.e. Hirpur formation), fine to coarse greenish sand,
gray and ochre sandy clay, ochre and cream coloured marl and marklekor and gravel in
the middle part (i.e. Nagum formation) and brown silt in the upper part (i.e. Dilpur
formation).
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3.3.3 The lithostratigraphic map of the karewa group is as under:
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Age KASHMIR VALLEY

Lithostratigraphy
South – Western part North – Eastern part
Recent
Alluvium
P ALLUVIAM
L
E Upper
DILPUR FORMATION
I
S DILPUR FORMATION
T Shopian
Middle NAGUM FORMATION
O Member angular
C unconformity
E
N Lower Pampore Krungus
E Member Member
disconformity
Upper
P Methawain
L Member
I
O Rambiara
C Member
HIRPUR FORMATION
E Lower Sporadically exposed

KAREWA GROUP
N
E Dubjan Member
MOSTLY PALAEOZOIC AND TRIASSIC

PRE – KAREWA
BASEMENT
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3.4 Seismicity
The state of Jammu & Kashmir is the western most extension of the Himalayan
mountain range in India. Here it comprises of the Pir Panjal, Zanskar, Karakoram and
Ladakh ranges. The boundary of the Punjab plain and the mountains forms the
Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFF), which in this area is the Murree Thrust. The Main
Boundary Thrust (MBT) underlies the Pir Panjal Range and is known as the Pir Panjal
Thrust in the region. The Zanskar ranges which are part of the Great Himalayan range
are underlain by the Zanskar Thrust. The Kashmir Valley lies between the Pir Panjal and
the Zanskar thrusts, making it very vulnerable to earthquakes. Other northern parts of
Jammu & Kashmir are heavily faulted. Along the Zanskar and the Ladakh ranges runs a
NW-SE trending strike-slip fault, the longest in the Jammu & Kashmir area. Apart from
the routine small tremors moderate to large earthquakes have hit nearly all parts of the
state. However, it must be stated that proximity to faults does not necessarily translate
into a higher hazard as compared to areas located further away, as damage from
earthquakes depends on numerous factors such as subsurface geology as well as
adherence to the building codes.
The map of Jammu and Kashmir earthquake epicentres (Figure 3.4) shows earthquakes
from January 2006 to August 2013 with magnitudes of 2.0 and more on the Richter scale
(Table 1). Events of magnitude 4.0 or more are capable of causing damage to buildings.
Jammu and Kashmir lies within a broad NW-SE trending belt of epicentres. The largest
events recorded in this zone were of Richter magnitude 7.6, the epicentre of which was
in North Kashmir. Small earthquakes occur at a continuous rate in this region as a result
of which the entire region is marked as very high damage risk zone V (MSK IX or more)
and high damage risk zone IV (MSK-VIII).
P age |8
MCT :Main Central Thrust KKF: Karakoram Fault

MBT :Main Boundary Thrust KFS: Kauric Fault System
KF: Kishtwar Fault ISZ :Indus Suture Zone
BNS :Bangong-Nujiang Suture SNF: Sunder Nagar Fault
Figure 3.4 Map showing earthquakes occurred in Jammu and Kashmir region
from January2006 to August 2013 (Figure modified after Patil, 2012).
The area under study and its surroundings are seismically active falls in Seismic Zone V
and the tectonic elements of the area are considered capable of generating an earthquake
of magnitude of 7.5. Seismic map of srinagar district is given in figure 3.5
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The responsibility for the correctness of internal details rests with the publisher. p
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The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate base line.
The external boundaries and coastlines of India agree with the Record/Master copy certified by Survey of India.
Zone V! : Very High Damage Risk Zone (MSK IX or more)
4.2(2006)
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JK – 54
4.0 METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION
The investigation was planned to obtain the subsurface stratification in the proposed
project site and collect soil samples for laboratory testing to determine the engineering
properties such as shear strength, along with basic engineering classification of the
subsurface stratum to arrive at the foundation design parameters.
4.1 Boreholes
For Geotechnical investigation work, boring rig was installed at the specified borehole
location. Stability of rig was ensured by making level ground. The boreholes were
progressed using a mechanical shell and auger, where caving of the borehole occurred,
150 mm diameter casing was used to keep the borehole stable as per IS specifications.
For location of these boreholes please refer site plan attached with this report.
4.2 Standard Penetration Tests (SPT)

Standard Penetration Tests (SPT) was conducted as per IS specifications. SPT split spoon
sampler of standard dimensions was driven into the soil from the borehole bottom using
63.5 kg Hammer falling from 75 cm height. The SPT weight was mechanically lifted to
the specified height and allowed to fall freely on the anvil with the use of cat-head winch
with one to one and half turn of the drum. Blow counts for the penetration of every 15 cm
were recorded and the N is reported as the blow counts for 30 cm penetration of the
sampler leaving the first 15 cm penetration as seating drive.
When the number of blows exceeded 50 to penetrate the first or second 15 cms length of
the sampler, the SPT N is regarded as more than 100 as described in IS 2131 - 1981. The
test is terminated in such case and a record of penetration of the sampler under 50 blows
or more is made. SPT refusal is recorded when there is no penetration of the sampler at
any stage and also when a rebound of the sounding system is recorded.
SPT ‘N’ values are correlated with relative density of non-cohesive stratum and with
consistency of cohesive stratum. SPT values of respective boreholes are given in
Annexure I and II.
P a g e | 11
CORRELATION FOR CORRELATION FOR SAND/NON-

CLAY/PLASTIC PLASTIC
SILT SILT
Consistency Penetration Value Relative Density Penetration Value
Very Soft 0 to 2 Blows Very loose 0 to 4 Blows
Soft 3 to 4 Blows Loose 5 to 10 Blows
Medium Stiff 5 to 8 Blows Medium 11 to 30 Blows
Stiff 9 to 16 Blows Dense 31 to 50 Blows
Very Stiff 17 to 32 Blows Very Dense Above 50
Hard Above 32
4.3 Disturbed Sampling in boreholes
Disturbed soil collected in the SPT sampler was preserved in polythene covers and
transported to the laboratory. One more polythene cover was provided to prevent the loss
of moisture during the transit period.
4.4 Undisturbed Sampling in Boreholes
Undisturbed samples were collected using 100mm diameter and 450mm long MS tubes
provided with sampler head with ball check arrangement. Undisturbed samples were
not proved to be truly undisturbed in case of Non-plastic sandy soils or hard clay soil.
4.5 Laboratory Testing
The laboratory testing was done on collected material as per relevant IS codes. The
laboratory-testing program consisted of testing the soil index and strength properties, as
well as the consolidation characteristics. The index tests were performed to determine the
soil moisture content, unit weight, specific gravity, gradation characteristics (gravel, sand
and fines content) and consistency limit. The strength tests were performed to determine
the shear parameters (cohesion, friction angle) of soil; the consolidation tests were
performed to find out the consolidation properties. The index tests were performed on
disturbed split-spoon soil samples or undisturbed samples, except the natural moisture
P a g e | 12
content and dry density tests, which were performed only on the undisturbed soil
samples. The strength tests consisted of the direct shear test. The consolidation
characteristics tests were preformed on a one-dimensional consolidometer. The strength
tests were performed on undisturbed soil samples.
5.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS / PROPOSED DESIGN PARAMETERS /

FOUNDATION SUPPORT
The sub-soil strata for different structures planned at different locations given below
comprise of two types of layers (based on laboratory test result data). Description of each
layer along with various engineering parameters is as under based on field and laboratory
classification.
5.1 Subsurface Conditions

Based on the boring information, the generalized subsurface conditions at the site are as
follows:
Stratum 1 Clayey Silt / Silty Clay of low to intermediate plasticity (CI/ML/MI/ML-
MI).
Stratum 2 Silty Sand(SM) /Silt of low plasticity (ML) / Silt with fine Sand(SM-ML).
Stratum 1 Clayey Silt / Silty Clay of low to intermediate plasticity

(CI/ML/MI/ML-MI).
Classification Observed SPT,‘N’

B.H. No. Thickness (m)
as per IS 1498 value
1 0.00-10.0 CI/ML/MI 18-41
2 0.00-10.0 MI/ML 8-R
3 0.00–8.5 ML-MI/MI 9-26
4 0.00-10.0 MI/CI/ML 10-38
5 0.00-10.5 CI/ML-MI/MI/CL-ML/ML 6-29
Stratum 2 Silty Sand(SM) /Silt of low plasticity (ML) / Silt with fine Sand(SM-ML).
P a g e | 13
Classification as Observed
B.H. No. Thickness (m)
per IS 1498 SPT,‘N’ value
1 10.0-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML 37-R
2 10.0-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML 18-R
3 8.50-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML 24-R
4 10.0-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML R
5.2 Penetration Resistance and Proposed Design Parameters (Soil)

In design calculations, the following soil parameters are proposed:
DESIGN PARAMETERS
DESIGN ‘N’
DEPTH (m) SOIL TYPE ϒsubmerged
VALUE Cu, T/m2 φ°
(T/m3)
BH 1
0.00-10.0 CI/ML/MI 24 0.91 2.4 15
10.0-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML 40 0.94 0.1 25
BH 2
0.00-10.0 MI/ML 19 0.89 1.8 14
10.0-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML 31 0.94
BH 3
0.00-8.5 ML-MI/MI 17 0.90 1.0 15
8.5-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML 25 0.95 0.1 21
BH 4
0.00-10.0 MI/CI/ML 21 0.92 2.0 11
10.0-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML 34 0.95 0.2 23
BH5
CI/ML-MI/MI/CL-
0.00-10.0 16 0.93 1.7 17
ML/ML
Water table was encountered between 9.50 m to 10.5 m depth below the existing ground
level / bed level. The ground water table is expected to fluctuate depending upon the
P a g e | 14
climatic factor, drainage conditions and other factors. Water table is considered at bed
level for all design purposes.
6.0 SOIL RESISTIVITY (WENNER METHOD)
Soil resistivity testing is the process of determining the conductivity of the soil. The
resulting soil resistivity is expressed in ohm-meter. Soil resistivity is a function of soil
moisture and the concentrations of ionic soluble salts and is considered to be most
comprehensive indicator of a soil’s corrosivity.
Soil resistivity testing is the single most critical factor in electrical grounding design. This
is true when discussing simple electrical design, to dedicated low-resistance grounding
systems. Electrical resistivity is the measurement of the specific resistance of a given
material.
Field soil resistivity measurements are most often conducted using the Wenner four-pin
method and a soil resistance meter. The Wenner method requires the use of four metal
probes or electrodes, driven into the ground along a straight line, equidistant from each
other. Soil resistivity is a simple function derived from the voltage drop between the
center pair of pins, with current flowing between the two outside pins. The specifications
for the equipment and other accessories required for performing electrical resistivity test,
the test procedure and reporting of filed observations confirm to IS: 3043.
This method depends on differences in the electrical resistance of different soil (and rock)
types. The flow of current through a soil is mainly due to electrolytic action and therefore
depends on the concentration of dissolved salts in the pores. The mineral particles of soil
are poor conductors of current. The resistivity of soil, therefore, decreases as both water
content and concentration of salts increase.
Based upon resistivity data observed during testing following table gives the average
value of resistivity in Ohm-meter:
P a g e | 15
Average Resistivity in Ohm-meter

Resistivity in Ohm-meter of NW
Resistivity in Ohm-meter of SW
Resistivity in Ohm-meter of NE
Resistivity in Ohm-meter of SE
Resistivity in Ohm-meter of W
Resistivity in Ohm-meter of N
Resistivity in Ohm-meter of E
Resistivity in Ohm-meter of S
direction
direction
direction
direction
direction
direction
direction
direction
S. No
1 16.60 11.27 19.10 19.73 18.63 20.70 15.52 14.45 17
Recommended value for design =17 Ohm-meter
Field observation of the test are Annexured in Annexure IV and graphical representation is
shown in Figure 6.1
Figure 6.1
P a g e | 16
7.0 California Bearing Ratio
The California Bearing Ratio test, or CBR test, is a laboratory (or in-situ) testing method
to estimate the bearing value and the mechanical strength of highway sub-bases and
subgrades.
The primary purpose of the California Bearing Ratio test is to determine the bearing
capacity and the mechanical strength of road sub-bases and subgrades. In this test in the
laboratory, the sample is prepared at Proctor's maximum dry density or any other density
at which the test is required or undisturbed samples.
A plunger of a standard area is then pushed into the soil at a fixed rate of penetration, and
the force required to maintain that rate is measured. The CBR value is then defined as the
ratio of the measured force to that required for similar penetration into a standard sample
of crushed California limestone rock:
CBR=(F/Fs)x100%
where F is the measured force and Fs is the force required for similar penetration into a
standard sample. Higher values of CBR indicate harder surface of material. Typical
values of CBR rating for different materials are
Type of soil CBR range

Clay 1-3
Sandy clay 4-7
Well graded sand 15-40
Well graded sandy gravel 20-60
Standard Load Values for CBR Test

Penetration(mm) Standard Load(kg) Unit Standard Load(kg/cm2)
2.5 1370 70
5 2055 105
P a g e | 17
CBR tests were conducted on undisturbed test sample in unsoaked condition and results
of these tests are given below:
Condition of sample at test Unsoaked/Undisturbed
Water content(%) 18
Density (g/cc) 1.83
Depth of sample(m) 0.5
Proving ring dial gauge Loading intensity on

Penetration(mm) Load on plunger(Kg)
reading(divisions) plunger(Kg/cm2)
0 0 0 0.000
0.5 2 10.1 0.515
1 8 40.4 2.059
1.5 10 50.5 2.573
2 12 60.6 3.088
2.5 14 70.7 3.603
3 15.5 78.275 3.989
4 18 90.9 4.632
5 20.5 103.525 5.275
6 22 111.1 5.661
7.5 25 126.25 6.433
9 27 136.35 6.948
10 28 141.4 7.205
12 30 151.5 7.720
12.5 31 156.55 7.977
CBR of test specimen at 2.5 mm penetration=5.42%

CBR of test specimen at 5 mm penetration=5.14%
We recommend a CBR value of 5% should be taken for design.
P a g e | 18
8.0 Plate Load Test
8.1 Plate load test is a field test, which is performed to determine the ultimate bearing
capacity of soil and the probable settlement under a given load. This test is very popular
for selection and design of shallow foundation
8.2 Test Procedure.
8.2.1 For conducting the test, provisions and requirements laid in IS: 1888-1982 were adhered
to.
8.2.2 A 3.0m x 3.0m test pit was dug upto the proposed test level. The bottom of the pit was
cleaned of all loose soil and properly levelled. Proper care was taken to restrain sliding of
soil from sides of the test pit. A 450mm x 450mm x 25mm steel plate was used for the
test. The plate was placed over a fine 5mm thick sand layer filled in a depression equal in
size to the test plate and properly levelled. The plate was centred with the sand layer
below and underside of reaction girder above with the help of a plumb bob and
horizontally levelled by spirit level to ensure proper load transfer. Reaction loading was
provided by sand bags placed over steel plates resting on cross girders/channel sections
over the main reaction girder.
8.2.3 A 100-ton hydraulic jack with separate ram and pump assembly connected by a pressure
hose was placed centrally over the test plate. A loading column was inserted in between
the jack and the reaction beam. The pumping unit was placed well outside the test pit.
8.2.4 Four dial gauges with 50mm travel and 0.01mm accuracy were used for recording
settlements. The dial gauges were placed at four corners of the plate and connected to a
firmly anchored datum beam by means of magnetic arms.
8.3 Pressure increments
8.3.1 A seating pressure of 0.1 kg/cm2 was applied before application of test pressure
increments and maintained for ten minutes after which the pressure was released and dial
gauges set to zero position.
P a g e | 19
8.3.2 Pressure increments were applied by means of the hydraulic jack in increments of 9.88,
19.76, 29.64, 39.52, 49.4, 59.28 and 69.16 t/m2 . For each pressure increment, settlements
were recorded at time intervals of 1, 2.25, 4, 6.25, 9, 16 and 25 minutes and thereafter at
hourly interval. The settlement records for each pressure increment are given in TABLE-I
(PLT-1) and TABLE-II (PLT-2) in Annexure V.
8.4 Interpretation of Test Results
8.4.1 Pressure increments were applied upto a maximum intensity of 69.16 t/m2 and total
cumulative settlement recorded for the test at location of PLT-2 was 10.02mm. For each
pressure increment, major portion of the settlement occurred immediately upon
application of a particular load after which the rate of settlement decreased with increased
time interval.
8.4.2 The test data for PLT location 2 is presented in the form of settlement vs pressure
intensity plot drawn to arithmetical scale and shown in Figures A as annexured in
Annexure V
8.4.3 Based on the PLATE LOAD results, safe bearing capacity of 16 t/m² at PLT location 02
may be adopted for foundation design.
8.4.4 The plate load test 01 was carried out at specified location and it was found that this
location comprises of filled material. It was observed that there is a possibility of the
availability of some sort of bore well with approximate dia of 1.5m with unknown depth
as such the settlement was beyond reasonable limits. In presence of this it is
recommended to excavate the filled material upto the influence zone of footing and fill
the cavity with rubber soling in layers so that the density of soling should not be less than
2t/m3 to avoid the chances of settlement. For settlement record of this location i.e PLT 01,
table 01 may kindly be referred to.
8.4.5 The plate load tests have the following inadequacies
P a g e | 20
i) Results of plate load tests reflect the strength and settlement characteristics of the
soil within the pressure bulbs which depend on the size of the loaded area which
in case of actual footing is much larger than the plate test. In the instant case, the
pressure bulb of intensity 0.2q would extend upto a depth equal to 1.5xBp (plate
width) =0.675m. As against this, pressure bulb of same pressure(0.2q) intensity
in a footing of width say 3.0m extends upto a depth of 1.5x3.0 = 4.5m as
illustrated below.
Plate
Footing q/ unit area
q/ unit area
Bf
Influence Bp 0.2q Influence
zone is zone is
1.5Bp 1.5Bf
0.2q
The plate load test does not therefore truly represent the actual conditions if the soil is
non-homogeneous and unisotropic to a large depth. The test is bound to give misleading
results particularly if a soft soil layer/stratum exists below 1.5 Bp.
ii) In case of plate load tests, the failure load except in case of general shear failure is
seldom well defined. An error of personal interpretation may be involved in other
types of failure.
iii) In case of saturated clays the ultimate bearing capacity is independent of the size
of the plate but for cohesionless soils it increases with the size of the plate. In
such soils consequently the safe bearing capacity in case of actual foundation may
be more than indicated by a plate load test.
P a g e | 21
9.0 Trial pits
Trial pits are carried out in order to recover large bulk samples of sub-soil or and detailed
visual examination of the sub-strata. Test pit excavations can reveal a lot of visual
information about the shallow subsurface that soil boring/coring cannot, like
 Vertical and horizontal material contacts;

 Actual particles size of large-diameter soil particles (i.e., gravel/cobble/boulders);
 Nature and extent of any buried debris;
 Differentiate between bedrock and large boulders in the shallow subsurface;
 The collection of large (bulk) samples.
Five trail pits of 2mx2mx4m dimensions were dugged out at the site and visual
examination of these pits were carried out and the same are annexured in Annexure II
10.0 Bearing Capacity Computations
10.1. Computations have been made for an individual column footing of different sizes
founded at a depth of 2m and 3.0m below the existing ground surface level.
10.2 Influence zone depth considered is taken as 2.0xB (B = footing width) below the base of
the footing.
10.3 Computations made are as per IS: 6403-(1981) “Code of Practice for determination of
Bearing Capacity of Shallow Foundation”.
10.4 Sample calculations for safe allowable bearing pressure are enclosed at Annexure III. The
limiting settlement adopted is 40mm.
P a g e | 22
BH No 1 3mx3m 5mx5m
Depth Shear criteria (t/m2) Settlement Criteria (t/m2) Shear criteria (t/m2) Settlement Criteria (t/m2)
2m 11.07 6.65 11.86 5.99
3m 12.49 8.69 13.28 8.25
BH No 1 6mx6m 8mx8m
2m 12.26 6.03 12.70 5.85
3m 13.68 8.31 14.72 8.25
BH No 1 9mx9m
Depth Shear criteria (t/m2) Settlement Criteria (t/m2)
2m 13.29 5.98
3m 15.30 8.41
BH No 2 3mx3m 5mx5m
2m 8.33 5.36 8.46 4.36
3m 9.58 7.05 9.83 6.06
P a g e | 23
BH No 2 6mx6m 8mx8m
2m 10.31 4.54 11.10 4.62
3m 11.68 6.28 12.48 6.37
BH No 2 9mx9m
2m 11.48 4.65
3m 12.86 6.42
BH No 3 3mx3m 5mx5m
2m 6.67 5.14 8.02 3.99
3m 7.99 6.96 9.71 5.60
BH No 3 6mx6m 8mx8m
2m 8.50 4.40 9.47 4.13
3m 10.19 5.66 11.16 5.77
P a g e | 24
BH No 3 9mx9m
2m 9.95 4.18
3m 11.64 5.82
BH No 4 3mx3m 5mx5m
2m 7.61 5.49 9.82 4.31
3m 8.50 7.28 11.0 5.95
BH No 4 6mx6m 8mx8m
2m 10.16 4.34 10.84 4.36
3m 11.39 5.99 12.07 6.07
BH No 4 9mx9m
2m 11.18 4.44
3m 12.41 6.10
BH No 5 3mx3m 5mx5m
2m 10.49 12.24 12.32 7.31
3m 12.17 9.08 14.55 10.18
P a g e | 25
11.0 Recommendations
11.1 The sub strata at the location investigated is “fine grained” as per IS system of
classification and mainly comprises of clayey silt/silty clay of low to medium plasticity
upto 10.5m depth and silty sand from 10.5m to 15.0m depth .
11.2 Ground water table has been observed at average of 10.0m below existing ground surface
level
11.3 Allowable safe bearing pressure which is safe against shear failure and also against
settlement in excess of limiting settlement works out to 6.5 t/m² for isolated footing of
dimensions 3mx3m at a depth of 3.0m below existing ground surface level.
Space Engineers Consortium Private Limited
P a g e | 26
BH1 N-VALUE
1.0
33
2.0
3.0 24
4.0
18
5.0
6.0
20
7.0
27
8.0
9.0 41
10.0
60 LEGEND
11.0 CODE DESCRIPTION
SILTY CLAY
12.0 72 CLAYEY SILT
CLAYEY SILT
13.0 SANDY SILT
76 SILTY SAND
14.0 GRAVEL/COBBLE
CLAYEY SILT
15.0 SILTY CLAY
SUMMARY OF BOREHOLE PROFILE
PROJECT:- Geotechnical investigtion of GIS

Sub-Station at Khanyar
BH2 N-VALUE
1.0
8
2.0
3.0 12
4.0
13
5.0
6.0 17
7.0
R
8.0
9.0 47
10.0
18 LEGEND
11.0
CODE DESCRIPTION
SILTY CLAY
12.0 49 CLAYEY SILT
CLAYEY SILT
13.0
SANDY SILT
87 SILTY SAND
14.0
GRAVEL/COBBLE
CLAYEY SILT
15.0
SILTY CLAY

BH3 N-VALUE
1.0
9
2.0
3.0 26
4.0
10
5.0
6.0
11
7.0
16
8.0
9.0 25
10.0
24 LEGEND
SILTY CLAY
12.0 R CLAYEY SILT
CLAYEY SILT
13.0 SANDY SILT
62 SILTY SAND
14.0 GRAVEL/COBBLE
CLAYEY SILT
15.0 SILTY CLAY

BH4 N-VALUE
1.0
38
2.0
3.0 10
4.0
12
5.0
6.0 17
7.0
22
8.0
9.0 31
10.0
LEGEND
88
SILTY CLAY
12.0 CLAYEY SILT

37
CLAYEY SILT
13.0 SANDY SILT
SILTY SAND
R
14.0 GRAVEL/COBBLE
CLAYEY SILT
15.0 SILTY CLAY

41

BH5 N-VALUE
1.0
6
2.0
3.0 13
4.0
24
5.0
LEGEND
6.0 13 CODE DESCRIPTION
SILTY CLAY
7.0 CLAYEY SILT
20 CLAYEY SILT
8.0 SANDY SILT
SILTY SAND
9.0 29 GRAVEL/COBBLE
CLAYEY SILT
10.0 SILTY CLAY
10.5 R

SPACE ENGINEERS CONSORTIUM (P) LIMITED Annexure-II
Geotechnical Investigation for proposed 132/33kV GIS Substation at Khanyar in the state of Jammu Kashmir.
Project : 132/33kV GIS SUBSTATION AT KHANYAR SRINAGAR
Client SHYAM INDUS POWER SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD. Location SRINAGAR

Equipment Bore Hole No 1
Drilling Orientation Vertical Start Date 12/11/2018
Field Test Results Laboratory Test Results SPT representation
Shear Strength
SPT Test Results Grain Size Analysis
Depth in Meters below reference
Characteristics
Description of Soil with IS

Symbolic Representation
Compression Index Cc
Level of Water Table
Moisture Content %
Nature of Sampling
Elevation in meters
Date of Sampling
Plastric Index %
Angle of friction (degree)

Specific Gravity
Plastic Limit %
Liquid Limit%
Classification
bulk Density
Void ratio e0
qu(Kg/cm2)
N. Value (Corrected)
Dry Density
Penetration ( CM)
Depth in Meters
Cohension C
No. of Blows
Gravel%
Fines%
Sand%
No.
0 10 20 30of40Blows
50 60 70 80
0.0
Greyish clayey SPT observed
0.5 12/11/18 UDS 0.5-0.80 silt 8.2 10.5 81.3
SPT Corrected
Brownish Silty clay of 1.5
33 30 35 low Plasticity(CL)
1.5 12/11/18 SPT 1.5-1.95 0 5.6 94.4 34 23 11
3.0 12/11/18 SPT 3.0-3.45 24 30 24

Brownish clayey
silt of Low
0 4.7 95.3 34 25 9 3.0
plasticity (ML)
4.0 12/11/18 UDS 4.0-4.3
4.5
4.5 12/11/18 SPT 4.5-4.95 18 30 18 0 9.2 90.8 39 27 12 2.63
6.0 12/11/18 SPT 6.0-6.45 20 30 19 0 4.4 95.6 39 27 12

6.0
Brownish
clayey silt of
7.0 12/11/18 UDS 7.0-7.30 1.96 1.61 21 2.65 2.91 0.24 15 0.86 0.14
7.5
intermediate
10.7m
plasticity
7.5 12/11/18 SPT 7.5-7.95 27 30 22 0 4.6 95.4 39 26 13 2.69
(MI)
9.0
9.0 12/11/18 SPT 9.0-9.45 41 30 28 0 3.8 96.2 40 27 13
10.0 12/11/18 UDS 10.0-10.30 1.86 1.57 18 0.61 0.13 16 0.89 0.12 10.5
10.5 12/11/18 SPT 10.5-10.95 60 30 37 Greyish silty 2.2 83.9 13.9 NP

Sand(SM) 12.0
12.0 12/11/18 SPT 12-12.45 72 30 42 NP
Brownish silt of
13.5
13.5 12/11/18 SPT 13.5-13.95 76 30 42 low Plasticity(ML) 0 13.4 86.6 NP
Greyish silt with fine
15.0 12/11/18 UDS 15.0-15.30 Sand(SM_ML) 0.0 41.7 58.3 NP 1.94 1.63 19 0.01 25 15.0
SPT=Standard penetration test

CP= Core piece
UDS=Undisturbed sample.
SPACE ENGINEERS CONSORTIUM (P) LIMITED ANNEXURE-II

Shear Strength
Characteristics

Moisture Content %
Nature of Sampling
Elevation in meters
Date of Sampling
Plastric Index %

Specific Gravity
Plastic Limit %
Liquid Limit%
Classification
Void ratio e0
bulk Density
qu(Kg/cm2)
Penetration ( CM)
Depth in Meters
Cohension C
No. of Blows
Gravel%
Fines%
Sand%
Dry Density
No. of Blows
0 20 40 60 80 100
Greyish 0.0 SPT observed

0.5-0.80
0.5 16/11/2018 UDS clayey silt 4.5 8.1 87.4 SPT Corrected
1.5
1.5 16/11/2018 SPT 1.5-1.95 8 30 13 9.4 16.3 74.3 40 27 13
3.0 16/11/2018 SPT 3.0-3.45 12 30 15 Brownish 0 5.1 94.9 36 25 11 2.63 3.0

clayey silt
4.0 16/11/2018 UDS 4.0-4.3 of 1.85 1.542 20 1.28 0.20 13 0.83 0.18
intermediate 4.5
4.5 16/11/2018 SPT 4.5-4.95 13 30 18 plasticity 0 3.7 96.3 38 25 13 2.64
(MI) 6.0
6.0 16/11/2018 SPT 6.0-6.45 17 30 17 0 4.9 95.1 38 25 13
7.0 16/11/2018 UDS 7.0-7.30 1.93 1.608 20 1.18 0.16 15 0.77 0.12
7.5
10.2 m
Gravel/
7.5 16/11/2018 SPT 7.5-7.95 R cobble
9.0
9.0 16/11/2018 SPT 9.0-9.45 47 30 32 Brownish Clayey
0 11.4 88.6 34 25 9 2.65
silt of low
Plasticity(ML)
10.0 16/11/2018 UDS 10.0-10.30 1.91 1.632 17 0.04 17 10.5
10.5 16/11/2018 SPT 10.5-10.95 18 30 16 Greyish silty 0 70.5 29.5 NP

Sand(SM) 12.0
12.0 16/11/2018 SPT 12-12.45 49 30 31 0 63.0 37.0 NP
Brownish silt withn
13.5
13.5 16/11/2018 SPT 13.5-13.95 87 30 48 fine sand(SM-ML) 0 35.3 64.7 NP
Brownish Clayey silt
15.0 16/11/2018 UDS 15.0-15.30 of low Plasticity(ML) 0.0 15.1 84.9 1.94 1.63 19 15.0

CP= Core piece

Shear Strength
Characteristics

Moisture Content %
Nature of Sampling
Elevation in meters
Date of Sampling
Plastric Index %

Specific Gravity
Plastic Limit %
Liquid Limit%
Classification
bulk Density
Void ratio e0
qu(Kg/cm2)
Penetration ( CM)
Depth in Meters
Cohension C
No. of Blows
Gravel%
Fines%
Sand%
Dry Density
No.30
0 10 20 of Blows
40 50 60 70
Greyish 0.0
SPT observed
0.5 14/11/2018 UDS 0.5-0.80 clayey silt 2.3 5.7 92.0
SPT Corrected
1.5
1.5 14/11/2018 SPT 1.5-1.95 9 30 14 0 4.2 95.8 35 25 10
3.0 14/11/2018 SPT 3.0-3.45 26 30 26 0 3.2 96.8 38 26 11 2.65 3.0

Brownish
4.0 14/11/2018 UDS 4.0-4.3 1.81 1.574 15 0.12 13 0.79 0.17
clayey silt of 4.5
intermediate
4.5 14/11/2018 SPT 4.5-4.95 10 30 18 0 5.7 94.3 36 27 9
plasticity
6.0 14/11/2018 SPT 6.0-6.45 11 30 13
(MI)
0 6.1 93.9 38 25 11 2.65
6.0
7.0 14/11/2018 UDS 7.0-7.30 1.83 1.551 18 0.84 0.08 17 0.77 0.13
7.5
9.5 m
7.5 15/11/2018 SPT 7.5-7.95 16 30 16 3.5 5.9 90.6 40 30 10 2.64

9.0
9.0 15/11/2018 SPT 9.0-9.45 25 30 20
Greyish Silt with
0 59.2 40.8 NP
fine sand
(SM-ML)
10.0 15/11/2018 UDS 10.0-10.30 1.83 1.578 16 0.96 0.01 21 10.5
10.5 15/11/2018 SPT 10.5-10.95 24 30 19 Greyish silty 0 86.9 13.1 NP

sand (SM) 12.0
12.0 15/11/2018 SPT 12-12.45 R 0 79.3 20.7 NP
Brownish clayey 13.5
13.5 15/11/2018 SPT 13.5-13.95 62 30 37 silt of low 0 10.6 89.4 32 26 6
plasticity(ML-
15.0 15/11/2018 SPT 15.0-15.45
CL)
15.0

CP= Core piece

Shear Strength
Characteristics

Moisture Content %
Nature of Sampling
Elevation in meters
Date of Sampling
Plastric Index %

Specific Gravity
Plastic Limit %
Liquid Limit%
Classification
Void ratio e0
bulk Density
qu(Kg/cm2)
Penetration ( CM)
Depth in Meters
Cohension C
No. of Blows
Gravel%
Fines%
Sand%
Dry Density
No. of Blows
0 15 30 45 60 75 90 105
Greyish clayey
0.0
silt
SPT observed
0.5 13/11/2018 UDS 0.5-0.80 0 6.3 93.7
Brownish clayey silt of SPT Corrected
intermediate 1.5
1.5 13/11/2018 SPT 1.5-1.95 38 30 38 Plasticity(MI) 0 5.3 94.7 38 26 12
Brownish silty
3.0 13/11/2018 SPT 3.0-3.45 10 30 14 clay of 0 4.1 95.9 39 25 14 2.64
3.0
intermediate
Plasticity(CI)
4.0 13/11/2018 UDS 4.0-4.3 1.85 1.529 21 0.95 0.23 9 0.89 0.18
4.5
4.5 13/11/2018 SPT 4.5-4.95 12 30 18 0 3.7 96.3 37 25 12 2.66
Brownish
clayey silt of 6.0
6.0 13/11/2018 SPT 6.0-6.45 17 30 17 0 5.8 94.2 38 25 13 2.64
intermediate
plasticity
7.0 13/11/2018 UDS 7.0-7.30 1.84 1.559 18 0.76 0.17 12 0.85 0.14 7.5
(MI)
9.5 m
7.5 13/11/2018 SPT 7.5-7.95 22 30 19 0 2.6 97.4 36 24 11 2.65

9.0
9.0 13/11/2018 SPT 9.0-9.45 31 30 23 Brownish clayey
0 7.2 92.8 34 25 9
silt of low
Plasticity(ML)
10.0 13/11/2018 UDS 10.0-10.30 1.93 1.622 19 1.54 10.5
10.5 13/11/2018 SPT 10.5-10.95 88 30 52 Brownish silty 0 83.8 16.2 NP 0.02 23

sand (SM) 12.0
12.0 13/11/2018 SPT 12-12.45 37 30 25 0 72.0 28.0 NP
Brownish silt with
13.5
13.5 13/11/2018 SPT 13.5-13.95 R 13 fine sand (SM-ML) 0 23.4 76.6 32 24 10
Brownish clayey silt of
15.0 13/11/2018 SPT 15.0-15.45 41 26 low Plasticity(ML) 0.0 18.9 81.1 NP 15.0

CP= Core piece

Shear Strength
Characteristics

Moisture Content %
Nature of Sampling
Elevation in meters
Date of Sampling
Plastric Index %

Specific Gravity
Plastic Limit %
Liquid Limit%
Classification
Void ratio e0
bulk Density
qu(Kg/cm2)
Penetration ( CM)
Depth in Meters
Cohension C
No. of Blows
Gravel%
Fines%
Sand%
Dry Density
No. of Blows
0 10 20 30 40
0.0
0.5 25/10/18 UDS 0.5-0.80 Greyish Silty 0 8.5 91.5 SPT observed
clay of
SPT Corrected
1.5 25/10/18 SPT 1.5-1.95 6 30 9 intermediate 14 6.7 79.3 36 23 13 1.5
Plasticity(CI)
3.0 25/10/18 SPT 3.0-3.45 13 30 16 0 10.3 89.7 36 23 13 2.62

3.0
Brownish clayey
4.0 25/10/18 UDS 4.0-4.3 silt of Low to 1.85 1.568 18 0.45 0.23 15 0.79 0.10
intermediate
4.5 25/10/18 SPT 4.5-4.95 24 30 18

plasticity(ML-MI)
0 5.5 94.5 35 25 10 4.5
Brownish clayey
6.0 25/10/18 SPT 6.0-6.45 13 30 14 silt of 0 4.3 95.7 36 24 11
Nil
intermediate 6.0
7.0 26/10/18 UDS 7.0-7.30 plasticity(MI) 1.97 1.728 14 1.23 0.11 18 0.87 0.10
Brownish silty clay of
low to intermediate
7.5 26/10/18 SPT 7.5-7.95 20 30 18 plasticity(CL-CI) 0 5.5 94.5 35 24 11 2.65 7.5
9.0 26/10/18 SPT 9.0-9.45 29 30 22 Brownish 2 6.0 92.0 34 25 9 2.66

clayey silt of 9.0
10.0 26/10/18 UDS 10.0-10.30 low plasticity 1.99 1.658 20 1.16 0.03 19
(ML)
10.5 26/10/18 SPT 10.5-10.95 R 4.8 14.4 80.8 34 26 8 10.5

CP= Core piece
Annexure-II
RECORD OF BORING
Project : Soil Investigation at Substation at Khanyar in Kashmir
Bored for : Shyam Indus Power Solution Pvt Ltd
Site : Khanyar
Depth of Boring : 4.0m Trial Pit No. : 1
Laboratory
Ground
Soil
Water Sample
Depth (m) Description Of Strata Classificatio Legend Remarks
Level Type
n
(m)
IS System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Gravel, pebble cobble

1.0 boulder in sand matrix MI
Brownish Clayey silt
Disturbed
++++NIL
2.0 with small proportion of
pebbles MI
3.0
Brownish Clayey silt MI
4.0
P a g e | 37
Annexure-II
RECORD OF BORING
Site : Khanyar
Depth of Boring : 4.0m Trial pit No. : 2
Laboratory
Ground
Soil
Water Sample
Level Type
n
(m)
IS System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Greyish Clayey silt
1.5 with broken pieces ML
of earthen pots
Disturbed
2.0
Brownish clayey silt
NIL
with small
3.0 proportion tending
ML
to negligible of
soling debris and
4.0 pebbles
P a g e | 38
Annexure-II
RECORD OF BORING
Site : Khanyar
Laboratory
Ground
Soil
Water Sample
Level Type
n
(m)
IS System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Greyish clayey silt CI
with clay pots ,
1.5 soling debris& rock
piece
Brownish silt with
Disturbed
2.0
colour patches
NIL
CI
3.0
Brownish clayey
silt with pebbles
ML-MI
and white patches
4.0
Note: On road side of pit stone filling was encountered
P a g e | 39
Annexure-II
RECORD OF BORING
Site : Khanyar
Laboratory
Ground
Soil
Water Sample
Level Type
n
(m)
IS System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Greyish clayey silt
with earthen pot
1.5 pieces and stone
MI
soling pieces
Disturbed
2.0
NIL
Brownish clayey
silt with gravel ,
3.0 pebbles & small CI
proportion of
soling pieces
4.0
P a g e | 40
Annexure-II
RECORD OF BORING
Site : Khanyar
Laboratory
Ground
Soil
Water Sample
Level Type
n
(m)
IS System
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Greyish clayey silt MI
1.5 with earthen pot
pieces
Disturbed
2.0
NIL
Brownish clayey
3.0 silt with variable
proportion of
pebbles
4.0
P a g e | 41
BH1
Depth of dn = 3m, dn size = 3m x 3m
I.z = 6m
Shear Criteria
Cav = 0.24kg/cm2`
av = 15 0
' = tan-1 (0.67 tan) = 10.170
N'c = 8.43, N'q = 2.51 , N' = 1.26
Sc = 1.3, Sq = 1.2 S = 0.8
N = tan2 (/4 + '/2) = 1.42
dc = 1 + 0.2 x D/B N = 1.00
dq = d = 1.0
w' = 1.0
q'd = 2/3 x 2.4x8.43x1.3x1.0x1+5.88x(2.51-1)x1.2x1.0x1
+ ½ x 3 x 1.96x 0.8 x 1.0x1.0x1.0
= 31.24t/m²
F.O.S = 2.5
qd net = 12.49t/m2
qd cross = 18.38 t/m2
Settlement Criteria
Cc = 0.14 H = 6m e 0 = 0.86
S = Cc x H x 1000 (Po + P)
1 + eo Po
Po = (3 + 3) x 0.96 = 5.76
P = 0.336 x 18.38= 6.17
S = 0.14 x 6000 log (5.76+6.17) = 142.90 mm
1.86 5.76
Rf = 0.8, Df = 0.74
Scorrected = 142.90x 0.8 x 0.74 = 84.59mm
Safe b/c = 40 x 18.38 = 8.69 t/m2
84.59
Page 42
Annexure IV
Measured Soil Resistance (Ohm) Calculated Soil Resistivity (Ohm-m)

Direction
with with with with with with with with
S=2m S=5m S=10m S=15m S=2m S=5m S=10m S=15m
E1 to East 2.56 0.77 0.17 0.1 32.1536 24.178 10.676 9.42
E1 to West 2.86 0.64 0.2 0.11 35.9216 20.096 12.56 10.362
E1 to North 1.79 0.65 0.24 0.09 22.4824 20.41 15.072 8.478
E1 to South 1.09 0.40 0.21 0.06 13.6904 12.56 13.188 5.652
E1 to North East 2.71 0.73 0.16 0.08 34.0376 22.922 10.048 7.536
E1 to North West 2.32 0.81 0.27 0.12 29.1392 25.434 16.956 11.304
E1 to South East 1.82 0.57 0.19 0.10 22.8592 17.898 11.932 9.42
E1 to South West 1.83 0.54 0.18 0.07 22.9848 16.956 11.304 6.594
P a g e | 43
Annexure V
Table-I
Plate Load Test : 01 Site : Khanyar Sub Station

Test Depth : 3.0m
Dial Gauge Readings Avg Dial Gauge

Reading(mm)
Time (MIN) Load (T/m2) DG1(mm) DG2(mm) DG3(mm) DG4(mm)
0 0 45.00 45.00 42.00 40.00 43

1 9.88 42.70 40.93 35.95 35.45 38.7575
2.25 9.88 42.64 40.89 35.93 35.42 38.72
4 9.88 42.60 40.85 35.90 35.39 38.685
6.25 9.88 42.59 40.83 35.89 35.38 38.6725
9 9.88 42.58 40.81 35.87 35.34 38.65
16 9.88 42.56 40.79 35.83 35.33 38.6275
25 9.88 42.55 40.78 35.82 35.32 38.6175
60 9.88 42.52 40.76 35.81 35.29 38.595

Reading(mm)
0 19.76 42.52 40.76 35.81 35.29 38.595
1 19.76 39.14 37.11 30.65 31.30 34.55
2.25 19.76 39.09 37.05 30.61 31.26 34.5025
4 19.76 39.04 37.01 30.58 31.24 34.4675
6.25 19.76 39.01 36.97 30.57 31.23 34.445
9 19.76 39.00 36.95 30.55 31.22 34.43
16 19.76 38.95 36.91 30.52 31.21 34.3975
25 19.76 38.92 36.88 30.50 31.19 34.3725
60 19.76 38.90 36.87 30.48 31.17 34.355
P a g e | 44
Dial Gauge Readings

Avg Dial Gauge
Reading(mm)
Time (MIN) Load (T/m²) DG1(mm) DG2(mm) DG3(mm) DG4(mm)
0 29.64 38.90 36.87 30.48 31.17 34.355
1 29.64 29.29 27.09 20.08 19.83 24.0725
2.25 29.64 29.21 27.05 20.05 19.78 24.0225
4 29.64 29.14 27.01 20.03 19.73 23.9775
6.25 29.64 29.04 26.91 19.97 19.67 23.8975
9 29.64 29.00 26.87 19.95 19.65 23.8675
16 29.64 28.91 26.79 19.89 19.61 23.8
25 29.64 28.87 26.76 19.86 19.59 23.77
60 29.64 28.85 26.73 19.83 19.55 23.74
Dial Gauge Readings

Avg Dial Gauge
Reading(mm)
0 39.52 28.85 26.73 19.83 19.55 23.74
2.25 39.52 10.50 8.48 3.29 2.45 6.18
4 39.52 10.36 8.32 3.14 2.32 6.035
6.25 39.52 10.14 8.21 3.03 2.21 5.8975
9 39.52 10.05 8.14 2.97 2.1 5.815
16 39.52 9.99 8.06 2.93 2.02 5.75
25 39.52 9.92 7.97 2.89 1.90 5.67
P a g e | 45
Table-2
Plate Load Test : 02 Site : Khanyar Sub Station
Test Depth : 3.0m
Dial Gauge Readings

Avg Dial Gauge
Time Load DG1(mm) DG2(mm) DG3(mm) DG4(mm) Reading(mm)
(MIN) (T/m2)
0 0 47 45 48 49 47.25
1 9.88 45.47 44.65 47.45 48.62 46.5475
2.25 9.88 45.46 44.64 47.45 48.62 46.5425
4 9.88 45.45 44.64 47.45 48.62 46.54
6.25 9.88 45.44 44.63 47.44 48.62 46.5325
9 9.88 45.44 44.63 47.44 48.62 46.5325
16 9.88 45.43 44.62 47.44 48.62 46.5275
25 9.88 45.43 44.61 47.44 48.62 46.525
60 9.88 45.42 44.6 47.44 48.62 46.52

Reading(mm)
0 19.76 45.42 44.6 47.44 48.62 46.52
1 19.76 44.83 43.12 46.72 47.09 45.44
2.25 19.76 44.79 43.08 46.67 47.05 45.3975
4 19.76 44.78 43.06 46.65 47.03 45.38
6.25 19.76 44.78 43.05 46.64 47.01 45.37
9 19.76 44.77 43.05 46.64 47.01 45.3675
16 19.76 44.75 43.05 46.63 47 45.3575
25 19.76 44.7 43.04 46.62 46.99 45.3375
60 19.76 44.68 43.01 46.57 46.95 45.3025
P a g e | 46
Dial Gauge Readings

Avg Dial Gauge
Reading(mm)
0 29.64 44.68 43.01 46.57 46.95 45.3025
1 29.64 44.25 42.62 45.96 46.24 44.7675
2.25 29.64 44.21 42.6 45.94 46.21 44.74
4 29.64 44.2 42.58 45.92 46.2 44.725
6.25 29.64 44.2 42.57 45.91 46.2 44.72
9 29.64 44.18 42.57 45.9 46.2 44.7125
16 29.64 44.17 42.56 45.89 46.19 44.7025
25 29.64 44.16 42.55 45.87 46.19 44.6925
60 29.64 44.13 42.54 45.86 46.17 44.675
Dial Gauge Readings

Avg Dial Gauge
Time (MIN) Load (T/m2) DG1(mm) DG2(mm) DG3(mm) DG4(mm) Reading(mm)
0 39.52 44.13 42.52 45.86 46.17 44.67
2.25 39.52 43.45 41.8 45 45.27 43.88
4 39.52 43.4 41.76 44.91 45.21 43.82
6.25 39.52 43.38 41.73 44.87 45.17 43.7875
9 39.52 43.37 41.71 44.86 45.14 43.77
16 39.52 43.35 41.71 44.83 45.12 43.7525
25 39.52 43.32 41.7 44.81 45.1 43.7325
60 39.52 43.28 41.67 44.74 45.07 43.69
P a g e | 47
Dial Gauge Readings

Avg Dial Gauge
Reading(mm)
0 49.4 43.28 41.67 44.74 45.07 43.69
2.25 49.4 42.48 40.85 43.93 44.25 42.8775
4 49.4 42.38 40.8 43.9 44.21 42.8225
6.25 49.4 42.35 40.77 43.86 44.2 42.795
9 49.4 42.32 40.74 43.83 44.17 42.765
16 49.4 42.31 40.73 43.8 44.15 42.7475
25 49.4 42.3 40.7 43.77 44.12 42.7225
60 49.4 42.27 40.68 43.75 44.1 42.7
Dial Gauge Readings

Avg Dial Gauge
Reading(mm)
0 59.28 42.27 40.68 43.75 44.1 42.7
2.25 59.28 41.54 39.93 42.96 43.3 41.9325
4 59.28 41.45 39.82 42.83 43.22 41.83
6.25 59.28 41.38 39.77 42.8 43.16 41.7775
9 59.28 41.35 39.73 42.75 43.15 41.745
16 59.28 41.33 39.68 42.71 43.1 41.705
25 59.28 41.3 39.62 42.68 43.07 41.6675
60 59.28 41.23 39.6 42.6 43.02 41.6125
P a g e | 48
Dial Gauge Readings

Avg Dial Gauge
Reading(mm)
0 69.16 41.23 39.6 42.6 43.02 41.6125
2.25 69.16 37.56 36.86 37.99 38.37 37.695
4 69.16 37.45 36.57 37.73 38.22 37.4925
6.25 69.16 37.4 36.46 37.67 38.15 37.42
9 69.16 37.35 36.37 37.59 38.11 37.355
16 69.16 37.29 36.32 37.52 38.08 37.3025
25 69.16 37.25 36.26 37.48 38.05 37.26
60 69.16 37.21 36.23 37.45 38.01 37.225
Load(t/m2) Dial Gauge reading Net settlement(mm)
0 47.25 0
9.88 46.52 0.73
19.76 45.3025 1.9475
29.64 44.675 2.575
39.52 43.69 3.56
49.4 42.7 4.55
59.28 41.6125 5.6375
69.16 37.225 10.025
P a g e | 49
Figure A
P a g e | 50
Project : Geotechnical Investigation for proposed 132/33kV GIS Substation at Khanyar in the state of
Jammu & Kashmir.
BH1
109
107
105
103
101
PERC ENT FINER BY WEIGHT
99
97 0.5m
95 1.5m
93
3.0m
91
89 4.5m
87 6m
85 7.5m
83
9m
81
79
77
75
0.01 0.1 1 10
PARTICLE DIA, mm
BH No. Soil Description Depth(m) Gravel(%) Sand(%) Fines(%)

Clayey Silt ML 0.5 8.2 10.5 81.3
Silty Clay CL 1.5 0 5.6 94.4
Clayey Silt ML 3.0 0 4.7 95.3
BH 1 Clayey Silt MI 4.5 0 9.2 90.8

Clayey Silt MI 6.0 0 4.4 95.6
P a g e | 51
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0 10.5m
13.5m
40.0 15m
20.0
0.0
0.050 0.500 5.000
PARTICLE DIA, mm
BH
Soil Description Depth(m) Gravel(%) Sand(%) Fines(%)
No.
10.5 2.2
Silty Sand SM 83.9 13.9
13.5 0
BH1 Clayey Silt ML 13.4 86.6
15 0
Silt with fine Sand SM-ML 41.7 58.3
P a g e | 52
BH2
105
100
95
90
0.5m
85
1.5m
80 3.0m
4.5m
75
6.0m
70 9.0m
65
60
0.01 0.1 1 10
PARTICLE DIA, mm

Clayey Silt ML 0.5 4.5 8.1 87.4
Clayey Silt MI 1.5 9.4 16.3 74.3

BH 2
P a g e | 53
120.0
100.0
80.0
10.5m
60.0
12m
13.5m
40.0
15m
20.0
0.0
0.050 0.500 5.000
PARTICLE DIA, mm
Silty Sand SM 10.5 0 70.5 29.5
Silty Sand SM 12 0 63 37
BH 2
Silt with fine Sand 35.3 64.7
13.5 0
SM-ML
Clayey Silt ML 15 0 15.1 84.9
P a g e | 54
BH3
110
105
100
0.5m
1.5m
95
3.0m
4.5m
90
6.0m
7.5m
85
80
0.01 0.1 1 10
PARTICLE DIA, mm

Clayey Silt ML 0.5 2.3 5.7 92

BH 3
Clayey Silt MI 7.5 3.5 5.9 90.6
P a g e | 55
120.0
100.0
80.0
9m
60.0
10.5m
12m
40.0
13.5m
20.0
0.0
0.050 0.500 5.000
PARTICLE DIA, mm

Silt with fine sand
9 0 59.2 40.8
SM-ML
Silty Sand SM 10.5 0 86.9 13.1
BH 3
Silty Sand SM 12 0 79.3 20.7
Clayey Silt ML-CL 13.5 0 10.6 89.4
P a g e | 56
BH4
110
105
0.5m
100
1.5m
3.0m
95 4.5m
6.0m
7.5m
90 9m
85
0.01 0.1 1 10
PARTICLE DIA, mm

Silty Clay CI 3.0 0 4.1 95.9
BH 4 Clayey Silt MI 4.5 0 3.7 96.3
P a g e | 57
120.0
100.0
80.0
10.5m
60.0
12m
13.5m
40.0
15
20.0
0.0
0.050 0.500 5.000
PARTICLE DIA, mm
Silty Sand SM 10.5 0 83.8 16.2
Silty Sand SM 12 0 72 28
BH 4
Silty with fine sand
13.5 0 23.4 76.6
SM-ML
P a g e | 58
BH5
110
105
100
0.5m
95
1.5m
3.0m
90
4.5m
6.0m
85
7.5m
80
75
0.01 0.1 1 10
PARTICLE DIA, mm

Silty Clay CI 0.5 0 8.5 91.5
Silty Clay CI 1.5 14 6.7 79.3
Silty Clay CI 3.0 0 10.3 89.7

BH 5
Clayey Silt ML-MI 4.5 0 5.5 94.5
Silty Clay CL-CI 7.5 0 5.5 94.5
P a g e | 59
110.0
105.0
100.0
95.0
9m
90.0
10.5m
85.0
80.0
75.0
0.050 0.500 5.000
PARTICLE DIA, mm

Clayey Silt ML 9 2 6 92
BH 5
Clayey Silt ML 10.5 4.8 14.4 80.8
P a g e | 60

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DRAFT REPORT OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION

PROPOSED 132/33kV GIS SUBSTATION

M/s SHYAM INDUS POWER SOLUTIONS PVT. LTD.

Space Engineers’ Consortium (P) Ltd.

1.1 SCOPE OF THIS REPORT......................................................................................................................................................................1

2.0 PLANNING OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAMME......................................................2

2.1 SCOPE OF WORK................................................................................................................................................2-3

3.0 GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF THE REGION........................................................................................4

3.1 LOCATION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................4

3.4 S EISMICITY ...............................................................................................................................................................................................8-10

5.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS / PROPOSED DESIGN PARAMETERS/FOUNDATION

5.1 S UBSURFACE CONDITIONS ............................................................................................................................................................ 13-14

6.0 SOIL RESISTIVITY (WENNER METHOD)----------------------------------------------------------------------15-16

7.0 CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17-18

8.0 PLATE LOAD TEST-…………………………………………………………………………………………..19

9.0 TRIAL PITS…………………………………………………………………………………………………….22

10.0 BEARING CAPACITY COMPUTATION……………………………………………………………….22-25

Following details attached for each structure..

GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION REPORT AT PROPOSED 132/33kV GIS

The client has undertaken Topographical and Geo-Technical Survey at proposed

1.1 Scope of This Report

This report contains the following information;

2.0 PLANNING OF GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATION PROGRAMME

2.1 SCOPE OF WORK

2.2.4 Standard penetration shall be carried out at approximately 1.5m or at change of

 CBR value of soil at specified location.

2.2.7 The soil investigation report shall comprise of the following:

2.10 Conducting electrical resistivity test.

2.2.11 California Bearing Ratio (CBR).

2 Natural Moisture Content 

5 Unconfined compressive strength 

9 DST (for c and phi determination) 

3.0 GEOLOGICAL INFORMATION OF THE REGION

Spring March 15 to May 15.

Ice Cold Jan. 15 to March 15.

3.3 Geology of the Area

3.3.3 The lithostratigraphic map of the karewa group is as under:

Age KASHMIR VALLEY

E Lower Sporadically exposed

MOSTLY PALAEOZOIC AND TRIASSIC

MCT :Main Central Thrust KKF: Karakoram Fault

4.0 METHODOLOGY OF INVESTIGATION

4.2 Standard Penetration Tests (SPT)

CORRELATION FOR CORRELATION FOR SAND/NON-

Very Soft 0 to 2 Blows Very loose 0 to 4 Blows

Soft 3 to 4 Blows Loose 5 to 10 Blows

Medium Stiff 5 to 8 Blows Medium 11 to 30 Blows

Stiff 9 to 16 Blows Dense 31 to 50 Blows

Very Stiff 17 to 32 Blows Very Dense Above 50

4.3 Disturbed Sampling in boreholes

4.4 Undisturbed Sampling in Boreholes

4.5 Laboratory Testing

5.0 SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS / PROPOSED DESIGN PARAMETERS /

5.1 Subsurface Conditions

Stratum 1 Clayey Silt / Silty Clay of low to intermediate plasticity

Classification Observed SPT,‘N’

1 0.00-10.0 CI/ML/MI 18-41

2 0.00-10.0 MI/ML 8-R

3 0.00–8.5 ML-MI/MI 9-26

4 0.00-10.0 MI/CI/ML 10-38

5 0.00-10.5 CI/ML-MI/MI/CL-ML/ML 6-29

1 10.0-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML 37-R

2 10.0-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML 18-R

3 8.50-15.0 SM/ML/SM-ML 24-R