Chapter 1 Interfaith Retreat Village

Hillside Eco-tourism Healing Place: Integration of Interfaith Retreat Village through Environmental Art Therapy Approach and Organic
Architecture
Ma. Lerry May S. Del Rosario | Mercado, Judea Ann A. | Ringor, Khaye Celeanne T.
INTRODUCTION
A sacred space is a space that integrates, accommodates and expresses spirituality. Defining ―spirituality‖ and how
it relates to design is a difficult task; an attempt to define the indefinable. Spirituality has been defined by the Architecture,
Culture and Spirituality Forum as a, ―heightened or alternative state of mind in which one is overcome by, or perceives the
presence, insight, or action of forces beyond self-limited consciousness.‖ The sacred can most effectively be defined as the
opposite of the profane. Therefore a sacred space is a space that is built to help people escape from their ordinary everyday
life to an extraordinary place. It is a space that symbolizes religious beliefs and facilitates communal rituals. Sacred
environment is a space with significant cultural, historical or literary evidence as well as by a community. It is a space
with the potential for peace, understanding and love and a space where earth energies are believed to converge.
Sacred Spaces are places of worship, religion, meditation, remembrance, reflection, enclosed or unenclosed they
are spaces that people use from the earliest of times to connect with the transcendental, supernatural or divine power. In a
sacred space human beings seek their spirituality and question human life. Sacred spaces are amongst the world‘s most
impressive and permanent monolithic buildings in existence. Despite the differences in the form and architecture of the
sacred spaces of the different faiths, this research identifies the commonalities in the character of their experiential spaces,
just as the different religions have commonalities in their teachings.
However, People have their own image / symbols of the gods they worship and these vary in different religions.
Many religions believe in a formless God, an abstract God. All the forms of gods and symbols of religions are based on
varying perceptions of the people. The different symbols, architectural elements and characteristics of different sacred
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Hillside Eco-tourism Healing Place: Integration of Interfaith Retreat Village through Environmental Art Therapy Approach and Organic Architecture
spaces have different meaning and use. In this research, different spaces, different design elements and different
architectural character of sacred spaces are being integrated in able to be part of healing and to be able to use by everyone.
Healing soul, meditating, reflecting and communicating with God are best done in sacred places/spaces. These
sacred places are not just inside the house of worship, but outside, in the beauty of nature which is the common ground of
all faith. This study identifies the sacredness of nature and its power in healing physically, mentally and spiritually.
Wherein a sacred place within nature creates a safe, quiet and healing environment that is needed to help heal the inner
soul and explore one‘s self.
This thesis proposes to create a Universal Sacred Space where the concept of common spirituality, based on the
commonalities of all faith, is put to practice. A space for today‘s new heterogeneous communities. A space that directed
towards the ultimate peace and security of the present generation and the future generations to come. The sacred space
should be a sanctuary of peace, an escape from the noise and chaos of everyday life. Nature is basically where we can start
or think of whatever we believe to live in; it is where common for everybody. However, although nature is holy because
God created it, nature become a profane/unholy space because of the different perception and behaviour of people on how
they perceive what sacred is. This study identifies the elements in nature that is qualified to be sacred and to be a
spiritually healing place.
On the other hand, this study also recognizes the power of nature in healing wherein organic architecture is being
explored and response on design strategies that sacredness requires. Organic architecture stems from a reverence of the
natural environment and an understanding that the wellbeing of the human psyche cannot be nurtured by removing people
from the natural world in which they belong. To this end, Organic architecture grows from the ground as one with their
site, but they also provide occupants a connection to the exterior environment.
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However the study does not propose that the architecture itself has the ability to heal, but that the architectural
manipulation of space can provide the platform for other natural factors like sound, light, colour, privacy, views, and even
smell to promote a healing environment that affects the physical and psychological healing of human. The environment
and human beings have an inner connection by physical, emotional, spiritual and mental means. In a built environment
human often interact with the buildings themselves without realizing the great influence that such built environments and
surroundings hold. This great power holds influence in our lives for good or bad, happy or sad, stressed or relaxed in
every physical, emotional and spiritual way. This connection with our healing environment or healing places is a key in
keeping a balance within ourselves. However the combination of nature, spiritual faith and beliefs are the important things
that healing places should possess to have an effective healing environment. Nature is a platform that uplifts the senses of
human through the existing of colors, texture, smell, shapes, sound and forms of art.
A. Background of the Study
People‘s nature is to seek peace through rituals and worship. But nowadays people are having trouble finding
themselves in this modern world, which will be the root of restlessness, apathy, alienation, and boredom of many modern
days that men experience. It‘s a man‘s determination that without faith and God‘s connection, life often seems stagnant
and devoid of rhythm and texture.
Sacred space is a space which people can find themselves and purpose in life. Sacred space embodies its holiness
because of the connection between people and someone they do not see physically. People are able to create a new world
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that builds connection with God through the deepness of one‘s faith. However, sacred space is a place that is used for
worship, prayer, and important ritual, this space differs according to faith (church, mosque, synagogue, sanctuary, temple,
nature, etc.). People focuses on what a person believes in, and they believe in one God, despite of having different
religion. Religions can be classified through their distinct elements that made them different from one another. Elements
such as symbols, equipment and design characteristics were used to give identity to a religious affiliation such as rose
window, towers, star and crescent, or sacred materials that are required to be able to perform a ceremony such as
tabernacle, Christian cross, tribunal, etc. These design elements have different meaning depend on different perception of
human into spaces or symbols according to their religious affiliation. Those elements leave a mark and character to use as
a conventional representation of an object, function, or process of different faith. But the point remains the same; sacred
place is where believers can encounter the Divine in a special and powerful way. Scared space can be quiet, inspiring
space for rituals like meditation or yoga, a place to work your life, or a place in your home or outside in nature where you
feel connected to what‘s meaningful in your life.
Nature is also sacred because God created it, but nature became profane because of the way people perceive sacred
which is characterized by signs and symbols. Profane space is ordinary, without order and the natural physical world
(Eliade, sacred and profane 20). Profaneness of nature limit people to worship and do rituals anywhere because it should
only be done on their respective house of worship, this is due to the human perception of sacred place, that sign and
symbols must present in a place in able for a man to worship and feel the sanctity of a place Nature have different
elements that defines its wholeness, that‘s why nature is profane and can be converted into sacred space only when there is
something to add or touch up to make it sanctify.
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Nature is the universal language in terms of different faith and perception of people that everyone can
communicate with. However, due to the problem that people seek for particular space or symbols to say a space is sacred.
The challenge will be the architectural manipulation of space and elements and conversion of profane space into a sacred
space. This is where architecture takes advantage to create a new image from profane space into something that is sacred
and be part of healing process of human.
On the other hand, nature becomes the common ground of all people despite of different perception and behavior
of different faiths. A study showed that there was a scientifically significant increase in people‘s health, happiness,
connection to nature and active nature behaviours, the number of people reporting their health as "excellent" increased by
30% and this improvement in health being predicted by the increase in happiness, this relationship is mediated by the
change in connection to nature. It adds to a growing body of evidence that shows definitively that we need nature for our
health and well-being (Coles, 2016).
Source: University of Derby and The Wildlife Trusts
―Everybody has needs as well as bread, place to play in and pray in, where nature may heal and give strength to
body and soul.‖- John Muir. Nature has effect on healing environment, which is art and sensory play a huge factor to
consider in creating a healing environment. It should be sensitive enough to achieve maximum relaxation and peaceful
environment for users. Because it is the nature of human to actually seek for healing when experiencing life damage and
hurt. Nature which is technically profane space but have the healing power to heal physical, mental and spiritual issues.
Healing environment deals with the design elements in a structure such as, ventilation, good flow light,
arrangement of spaces, and application of colors, shape, texture and artwork. According to a survey published in A Journal
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of the Association for Psychological Science, certain rooms can produce very tangible emotions. How spaces are arranged
is also a big factor on how it may affect the user behavior. The best lighting source is, of course, the sun, the number and
size of the windows in the room can boost one‘s happiness, increase sadness or enhance anxiety.
When the power of nature and architecture combine and incorporate with proper guidelines and principles, it will
never be impossible to create a healing environment outside the typical house of worship of different faith. At the same
time, it is sensitive in user‘s physical, mental and spiritual problems in able to create a new image of nature as a sacred
healing environment. Nature has many things to offer, it is an endless possibility to heal a person‘s physical, mental and
spiritual issues in life.
B. Statement of the Problem
People assigned spaces to be sacred and define it through symbolisms which are usually defined by the faith or
religious beliefs or affiliation that they have; as a result anywhere else became unholy or profane unless it is characterised
by symbols and other religious design elements. The challenge is to create sacred spaces and design elements in a profane
environment without the manifestation of religious symbolism and design elements.
Sub-Problems:
1. Perception vs. symbolism
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 People perception about sacredness is based on design elements that define its sanctity. Without symbols
and any design elements manifested by religious affiliation, anywhere is ordinary space or profane/unholy
space. How will people see nature not just as an ordinary or profane space but perceived it as a sacred
space without the design elements that is manifested by religious affiliation.
2. Behaviour vs. Symbolism
 People define and identify sacred spaces through symbolism. How people move in the space or act as it is
sacred without the design elements (symbolism) that indicate the sacredness of the space.
3. Architectural Manipulation
 Without the use of forms and patterns that are manifested by religious affiliation, how to produce and
provide sacred place through the architectural manipulation of design elements and spaces?
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C. Thesis Goals, Objectives and Strategies
Goals
The goal of this study is to create a universal sacred space from a profane environment through architectural
manipulation of spaces and design elements with the use of light, sound, texture, color, organic architecture and art; this is
to create harmony between nature and the built environment to provide a welcoming and harmonious sanctuary of peace,
healing and spirituality where everyone can heal their soul and mind through the nature, art, and architecture. At the same
time, it improves the healing environment for self-healing, relaxation, enjoyment and meditation through Organic
architecture wherein it strives to unify space, to blend interiors and exteriors, and create a harmonic built environment not
separate or dominant from nature but as a unified whole.
This study does not propose that the architecture itself has the ability to heal, but that the architectural
manipulation of space can provide the platform for other natural factors like sound, light, colour, privacy, views, and even
smell to promote a healing environment that affects the physical, spiritual and psychological healing of human. This
includes Environmental Art approach which offer specific methods for engaging with nature. Arts can affect people‘s
emotion as well as using it as an instrument in finding new ways to articulate the richness and diversity of relationship
between people and their environment.
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Objectives
The following objectives will gather and collect information and data about perception and behaviour of people
and as well as the effects of architectural manipulation.
Sacredness of religious spaces and design elements
Objective 1: To identify the common beliefs and principles of different faith to understand their differences so as to be
sensitive on designing.
Strategies:
 Collecting related studies and Gather data regarding to the different faith and beliefs.
 Conduct survey and interviews with different people with different spiritual beliefs
 Observation will be done to different sacred spaces
Objective 2: To trace and identify the sacredness and commonalities of the difference spaces, and design elements of
various faiths to create a sensitive environment for everyone.
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Strategies:
 Conduct interview and observation about the differences and commonalities

 Collecting research studies and data
 Conduct researches, read books, articles and other literatures for the needed information related to the space
and design elements and its sacredness.
Objective 3: To apply the characteristic of a spiritual healing place that is faith sensitive.
Strategies:
 Observation of a spiritual healing place

 Conduct interview about the effects of a spiritual healing place
 Collecting research studies and information about the characteristic of a spiritual healing place
 Read books, articles and other literatures for the needed information related to eco-tourism and religion
sensitive
Nature
Objective 4: To identify the sanctity and effects of nature on the inner aspect of human.
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Strategies:
 Interview regarding the effects of Nature

 Observation in existing healing environment
 Conduct related studies, books, and other related literature about the effects of Nature.
Objective 5: To determine the characteristics of nature in order to blend the structure with its surroundings
Strategies:
 Case studies about Environmental adaptive design.

 Conduct related studies, books, and other related literature about the characteristics of nature and organic
architecture.
Objective 6: To discover the healing power of nature and determine the proper aspect of it that can meet the qualification
of a healing environment.
Strategies:
 Observe the environment of existing healing places.

 Interview with some tourists.
 Case studies and researches about healing power of nature.
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 Conduct related studies, books, and other related literature about the healing power of nature
Objective 7: To integrate the elements of nature to contribute on Architectural healing environment and to maximize the
use of organic material and the overall benefits that can help in the healing process of human.
Strategies:
 Conduct studies, books, and other related literature about elements of nature and about organic architecture.
 Case studies and researches related to factors and contribution of nature and organic architecture in healing.
Healing Environment
Objective 8: Identify the effects of sacred spaces and elements in order to be part of the healing process.
Strategies:
 Conduct interview to the head or person with deep understanding in their religion
 Conduct interview to the tourist in sacred spaces
 Site observation to the churches and sacred place
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Objective 9: To create an environment that embodies physical and mental relaxation
Strategies:
 Site visitation to healing tourist places

 Case studies and researches related to therapeutic environment
 Conduct interview to the tourist
 Gather data from the existing physical healing place
Objective 10: To identify the process and design strategy to create therapeutic environment.
Strategies:
 Research and gather information

 Case studies related to therapeutic environment.
Objective 11: To identify the effectiveness of light, sound, color, texture, and etc.
Strategies:
 Observation of the effects of light, sound, color and texture in human
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 Conduct studies, books, and other related literature about art and culture.
 Case studies and researches related to factors and contribution of multi-senses design in healing.
Objective 12: To apply the environmental art and culture that can be a tool to help in the healing process of human
Strategies:
 Research and gather information

 Case studies related to environmental art and culture.
 Conduct studies, books, and other related literature about environmental art
D. Scope and Limitations
Scope
The study will focus on architectural manipulation of spaces and design elements through environmental art, and
organic architecture to be able to create universal sacred spaces and design elements that all will be part of the healing
process. This research also includes architectural manipulation of space that can provide the platform for other natural
factors like sound, light, color, privacy, views, and even smells to promote a healing environment that affect the physical,
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spiritual and psychological healing of users. It will also focus on discovering the healing power and elements of nature to
modify the perception of humans that a sacred place are just characterized by symbolisms that usually defined by the faith
or religious beliefs or affiliation that an individual have.
This study will also explore on how nature, sacredness and therapeutic design strategies will be integrated to create
a healing environment for everyone who seek sanctuary, relaxation and peace. The study will also trace the commonalities
of the people with regards their faith to create an all-inclusive sacred space and design elements for mankind, where
people of all faiths and ideals can come together to discover themselves and their own spirituality. The spiritual group that
are subjected in this study include Roman Catholic, Protestants, Iglesia ni Cristo (Philippine Church of Christ), Muslims,
and Buddhist. Study about different beliefs, culture and principles of different faith are also included. Flexible architecture
and designing strategy for interfaith sacred spacing will also be tackled in this research.
The effects and power of nature, art and architecture in healing process and in creating interfaith or universal
retreat village are also the focus of this study. It includes general concepts and design principles of healing environment
and organic architecture on different perspectives. Multi-sensory approach, ecological design strategy and controlling
built-environment will also be a part of creating healing place. This paper will explore some of the research that contribute
to the creation of architectural healing environments looking at the effects of light, color, stimulation of the senses and the
incorporation of nature as contributing elements.
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Limitations
In this research study conducting interview, survey, observation, and collecting data are the major strategies in
achieving the objectives and goals. Restrictions and limitations (listed below) are the factors that might cause conflicts and
affect the research process and must be addressed to reach the goals of this said research:
1. Time Constraint. Learning the different faith and beliefs through observation and interview takes a long time
to understand which the span of research period does not allow. In this situation where the researches cannot
learn all the different beliefs first-hand, they opt to base on the books with relevant topics and use similar
works done by other researches.
2. Accessibility. Other religions are strict and firm; researchers might not gather all important data they intend to
have during site visitation and observation and they also might not have an access to visit the entire desired
data. Researchers will use the mostly available access that the spiritual group/authority can provide or allow to
be accessed by the researchers. The researcher another opts is to base on interviews.
3. Availability of data. In the Philippines, ecumenical institution or establishments are very rare, first hand data
regarding interfaith are difficult to collect. Researchers opt is to base on the books with relevant topics and use
similar works done by other researchers.
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E. Significance of the Study
The study helps to utilize the commonalities of all faith to create an all-inclusive sacred space and design elements
for mankind, and to create new identity of sacred space through the manipulation of natural factors like sound, light,
colour, privacy, views, and even smell to promote a healing environment that affects the physical, spiritual and
psychological healing of human. This research will be a tool to introduce the healing power and sanctity of nature that will
manifest to the place through the manipulation of architecture.
This also strengthen the power of nature as a common ground of all faiths which gives connection between man and
the Creator, and this connection will contribute to create a universal sacred space that uplifts the sacredness of space and
the environment that will give fulfillment and satisfaction to the user. This may leads to provide protection with the
surroundings or contributes to raise awareness in nature conservation. The place that can be qualified to be developed into
an eco-tourism healing place will benefit the following:
 All faith. A universal/interfaith sacred space and design elements for mankind, where people of all faiths and
ideals can come together. This to provide a universal sacred space that uplifts the sacredness of space and the
environment that will give fulfillment and satisfaction to the user.
 Tourist. People can get inner relaxation, welcoming and harmonious sanctuary of peace and spirituality where
everyone can feel the sacredness, security and comfortability.
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 Local community. Provide employment as a source of their income, it is to stop the destruction of environment
that may affect the community in the future. This also to provide awareness to local community to conserve their
environment or surroundings.
 Other researchers of similar or related fields. The study may be used by others for archival research that could
aid progress in their own objectives.
F. Assumptions
The researchers assume that this proposal will be supported by United Religion Initiatives Southeast Asia &
Pacific (SEAPac) Regional Office, an interfaith network based on Manila who is responsible to cultivates peace and
justice by engaging people to bridge religious and cultural differences and work together for the good of communities in
each religion. At the same time, it will also get a support from different religious charities & non-profit organizations in
Philippines that provide charitable services, either directly or by funding a separate non-profit organization. With this, the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) will support and make step in the environmental issue
towards awareness in conservation of nature which are responsible for governing and supervising the exploration,
development, and utilization of natural resources. Together with the Department of Tourism (DoT) Region III who is in-
charged with the responsibility to encourage, promote, and develop tourism as a major socio-economic activity to generate
employment and local funds to finance the advocacy to continue the service in this project. And with the coordination of
Local Government Unit (LGU), that provides restrictions and daily monitoring in this project once it said to be done.
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G. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework
The study will focus on creating sacred spaces and design elements through the use of concepts about universal,
flexible, multi-sensory, art and organic architecture to be able to provide/ create an interfaith retreat village.
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H. Related literature
Five Main Religions in the Philippines
Roman Catholic
The predominance of the Roman Catholic religion stems from Spain‘s Catholic mission to colonize the country in
the 1500s. The Roman Catholic population in the country is under the Catholic Church headed by the Pope. Locally, the
Catholic Bishops‘ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) serves as the chief authority in Catholic matters.
The CBCP has had a huge influence in legislature and the political sphere. Manila Archbishop Jaime Cardinal Sin
had been instrumental in two People Power Revolutions that eventually led to the eviction of presidents. Its position
against the Reproductive Health Bill 2012 also showed the level of involvement they have over state matters.
Protestant
The entry of American troops to the Philippines by the 1900s also set the emergence of the Protestant faith. Some
organization under this faith are based internationally or founded locally. There is no central head of the Protestant faith in
the country, but large fellowship like the National Council of Churches in the Philippines (NCCP) serve as leaders for a
portion of the faith.
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Muslim
Islam in the Philippines dates back to the year 1380. The early conquests were concentrated in Southern
Philippines, but by the time the Spanish came Islamic kingdoms have already flourished in Luzon, notably in Manila.
Today, the majority of the Muslim population is to be found in the provinces under the Autonomous Region of
Muslim Mindanao (ARMM), which include Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Basilan, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. The ARMM is
structured so that it has a system of government that is independent of the national government. An elected regional
governor serves as the executive leader in the area, under the supervision of the president of the Philippines.
Iglesia ni Cristo
INC is a local Christian group that was founded as a corporation sole by Felix Manalo in 1914. The leader of INC
is called the executive minister and it has been passed down from father to son. Manalo‘s grandson, Eduardo Manalo, now
holds the position. The group now has 104 ecclesiastical districts local and abroad.
INC is very involved in outreach work and proof of their strength lays in the number of people the events draw,
which has already broken Guinness World Records. INC also has a large influence in politics because of its solid voting
bloc.
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Buddhists
The time Buddhism first spread into the Philippines is unknown for the most part, although archaeological records
point towards the 6th or 7th Century. Through sea trade with the Srivijaya Empire of India which was predominantly
Buddhist, Vajrayana, a form of Buddhism became introduced in the Philippines. The adherents of this religion are
primarily Chinese, Filipino-Chinese, Japanese, and other Asian or Middle-East groups residing in the country.
Buddhists do not believe in a creator God in the same fashion Christians do. The main beliefs include suffering
which is inherent in human existence, impermanence of everything in the world, and the absence of a permanent soul.
Buddhism has had linguistic influences on Filipino culture as the origin of some words can be traced to Sanskrit and Pali
which are Buddhist languages.
Source: Religions in the Philippines, FFE Magazine by: FFE Staff
12, January, 2017
How Religion Affects Way of Living: Beliefs, Principles, and Practices
Meditating, yoga, fasting, walking a prayer circle, making a pilgrimage, taking the sacraments, singing with a
choir, going on a weekend retreat, listening to the words of inspired speakers, dancing in a group at a wedding, saying
daily prayers, or contemplating a sunset or a mountaintop view are all spiritual and religious practices undertaken by many
of people in their daily lives, at special seasons of the year, or maybe just once in a lifetime. Some practices begin early in
life and stretch back to their childhoods, while others may be sought out in adolescence and young adulthood, representing
new paths.
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All of these practices have in common in which they integrate different aspects of human experience – emotions
with their intellect or minds with their bodies – while also connecting them with others who share similar beliefs. They
seek out these experiences, which are special in their ordinary daily lives. These experiences lift them up out of their
narrow selves and give them a glimpse of another way to view things as a part, however small, of a larger picture.
Spiritual and religious practices that help them integrate the body, mind, and spirit; also provide psychological and
physical benefits.
The different symbols and design element that define sacredness
People of all faith consider a space sacred only when symbols or any religious affiliation is present. Each religion
has their own definition on how spaces become sacred.
Roman Catholic
Crusifix: The crucifix is a cross with the figure of the body of Jesus Christ attached to it. This is a very
common Catholic symbol that is often placed on or above the altar where the Eucharist is celebrated.
The crucifix is a symbol of sacrifice and atonement, since, according to the Bible, Jesus died for the sins
of the world.
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Alpha and omega: Alpha and omega is the first and last letters of the Greek alphabet. They are used at
various times in the Church liturgical year. The alpha and omega has been used by Catholics since the
fourth century as symbols expressing the confidence of orthodox Christians in the scriptural proofs of
God.
The cross: The most famous and widespread Christian symbol is the cross. It is found wherever there is
a Christian presence. For Christians, the cross has become a symbol not only of Jesus' death, but also of
his resurrection. Every Catholic applies their own significance to this perennial symbol.
The sacred heart: The heart is a symbol of love. But the Sacred Heart, pierced and wrapped in thorns,
shows the depth of Jesus' love. It indicates that he was prepared to suffer and die for all people, and that
his love is eternal.
Fleur-de-Lis: The lily depicts the Holy Trinity, which consists of the Father (God), the son (Jesus
Christ), and the Holy Spirit–or one God in three divine persons. The band which holds the three pedals
together represents Mary, since it was she who bore the child of God.
Crossed keys: The crossed keys represent the metaphorical keys that Jesus promised to St. Peter,
empowering him to take binding actions in leading the institution of the Catholic Church. In short, they
are a symbol of the Pope's authority.
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The Lamb: One of the most important symbols of Christ is the Lamb. Jesus Christ as the Lamb of God
is mentioned in John 1:35-36 and Revelation 5:6-14, and always in the words of the Mass. The
whiteness of the Lamb symbolises innocence and purity. The lamb can also symbolize subservience to
God. Source: Owlocation: List of Catholic Symbols and Meanings
Protestantism
Cross: The Latin cross is the most familiar and widely recognized symbol of Christianity today. In all
likelihood, it was the shape of the structure upon which Jesus Christ was crucified. Though various
forms of the cross existed, the Latin cross was made of two pieces of wood crossed to create four right
angles.
Fish or Ichthys: The Christian Fish, also called the Jesus Fish or Ichthys, was a secret symbol of early
Christianity. The Ichthys or fish symbol was used by early Christians to identify themselves as
followers of Jesus Christ and to express their affinity to Christianity. Ichthys is the Ancient Greek
word for "fish." The "Christian fish ―or‖ Jesus fish" symbol consists of two intersecting arcs tracing
the outline of a fish (most commonly with the fish "swimming" to the left). It is said to have been used
by early persecuted Christians as a secret symbol of identification. The Greek word for fish (Ichthus)
also forms the acronym "Jesus Christ, God's Son, Savior."
Dove: The dove represents the Holy Spirit or Holy Ghost in Christianity. The Holy Spirit descended
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upon Jesus like a dove when he was baptized in the Jordan River. The dove is also a symbol of peace.
Trinity (Borromean rings): There are many symbols of the Trinity in Christianity. The Borromean
Rings are three interlocking circles that signify the divine trinity. The trinity represents the belief that
God is one being made up of three distinct Persons who exist in co-equal, co-eternal communion as
the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.
Trinity (Triquetra): The Triquetra is a three-part interlocking fish symbol that symbolizes the
Christian trinity.
Lamb of God (Agnus Dei): The Lamb of God represents Jesus Christ, the perfect, sinless sacrifice
offered by God to atone for the sins of man.
Light of the World: With so many references to God being "light" in Scripture, representations of
light such as candles, flames, and lamps have become common symbols of Christianity: Light
represents the presence of God. The eternal flame of God's presence was to be lit in the Temple in
Jerusalem at all times.
Holy Bible: The Holy Bible is the Word of God. It is the Christian's handbook for life. God's message
to mankind — his love letter — is contained in the pages of the Bible.
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The Ten Commandments or the Tablets of the Law: are the laws that God gave to the people of
Israel through Moses after leading them out of Egypt. In essence, they are a summary of the hundreds
of laws found in the Old Testament Law. They offer basic rules of behavior for spiritual and moral
living.
Alpha: Alpha is the first letter of the Greek alphabet and Omega is the last. Together these two letters
form a monogram or symbol for one of the names of Jesus Christ.
Source: Religion and Spirituality: Christian Symbols Illustrated Glossary
Islam
Star and the Cresent: The crescent moon is an extremely important symbol in Islam, it symbolizes
concentration and openness. Usually pictured next to a star which symbolizes paradise, as shown in the
picture on the right.
Eight Pointed Star: Muslims have always used geometry and shapes to express themselves artistically,
so in the past Arabic calligraphy gave birth to this star. The eight-pointed star was used to help keep track
of Quranic recitation.
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Mosque Patronage: Most historical mosques are not stand-alone buildings. Many incorporated
charitable institutions like soup kitchens, hospitals, and schools. Some mosque patrons also chose to
include their own mausoleum as part of their mosque complex. The endowment of charitable institutions
is an important aspect of Islamic culture, due in part to the third pillar of Islam, which calls for Muslims
to donate a portion of their income to the poor.
Colors (green and White): Certain colors have become very symbolic in Islam as well. The most
prominent two colors are green and white. The color green has been associated with Islam for centuries.
Allah mentions the color green in several Quranic verses as the color of clothing in paradise. During the
times of the Islamic Caliphate, the two main factions took on specific colors.
Source: Religion & Spirituality; The Architectural Parts of a Mosque by: Huda
Photo by: Getty images
Iglesia ni Cristo
The crown: The crown at the center denotes the Order of Amaranth, a fraternal
organization of master masons and their properly qualified female relatives
The compass: The compass, inverted triangle, and legs denotes the Order of the
Eastern Star
The light rays: The light rays at the background denote the sun God.
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The bible: The bible inside the inverted triangle and compass refers to the use of the bible in masonic lodge for swearing
oaths.
The lamb and dove: The dove and the color white denotes purity and innocence
The color: The color red denotes courage, zeal, and blood of life–the color of Royal Arch Masonry. Color of Charity or
love. The color green denotes spiritual initiation into the high mysteries of life and God. The color of Hope. The color
white recalls the dome of the heavens which denotes universal brotherhood and friendship. The color of faith.
The inverted triangle: The inverted triangle points to the 22nd ray which probably signifies a 22nd degree mason–Knight
of the Royal Axe.
Source: The Iglesia Ni Cristo Logo And Masonic Connection by: Romeo Hontiveros
Buddhist
Prayer Flags: Traditionally, prayer flags are used to promote peace, compassion, strength, and
wisdom. The flags do not carry prayers to gods, which is a common misconception; rather, the Tibetans
believe the prayers and mantras will be blown by the wind to spread the good will and compassion into
all-pervading space
Buddha eyes: The symbol denotes the all-seeing and omniscient eyes of Buddha and is representative
of the Lord‘s presence all around. The curly line below the eyes in the middle (where the nose is on a
face) is the Sanskrit numeral one that symbolizes the unity of everything and also signifies that the only
way to attain enlightenment is through Buddha‘s teachings. The dot between the eyes is indicative of
the third eye, which represents spiritual awakening
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The parasol or umbrella: An umbrella can protect people from the different elements, like the sun or
the rain. In this context, a parasol or umbrella can mean protection from suffering and harmful forces. It
can also mean the enjoyment of the cool shade it provides.
The two golden fish: In older times, the two fish were drawn to symbolize the Ganges and the Yamuna
rivers. It has, through interpretation, come to mean luck and fortune. It also means the courage and
fearlessness to face the ocean of sufferings and to be able to swim freely like fish through water.
The Lotus Flower: The lotus flower, representing ‗primordial purity‘ of the body, speech, and mind,
floating above the muddy waters of attachment and desire.
The banner of Victory: This symbol represents how Buddha won over the demon Mara. This demon,
in Buddhism, is synonymous with passion, lust, and pride. The Banner of Victory is used to remind
people that one must win over their own pride, lust, and passions to be able to reach enlightenment.
Conch: The right-turning white conch shell, representing the beautiful, deep, melodious,
interpenetrating and pervasive sound of the Buddhadharma which awakens disciples from the deep
slumber of ignorance and urges them to accomplish their welfare and the welfare of others.
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The Knot: The intertwining of lines in the eternal knot is said to symbolize how everything is
connected. It can also represent how religion and secular affairs, as well as compassion and wisdom,
are united and connected to each other.
The Dharma-Wheel: This wheel is also called the dharma chakra or the Dhamma Chakka and is often
used to represent Buddha himself. It has also universally become the symbol for Buddhism. The
dharma wheel has eight spokes, which represent Buddha‘s Eightfold Path.
Vajra: The Vajra is a Buddhist tantric symbol representative of great spiritual power and firmness of
spirit. It symbolizes one of the three main branches of Buddhism, Vajrayana. Shaped like as club
having ribbed spherical heads, the Vajra is symbolic of the attributes of a diamond (purity and
indestructibility) as well as the properties of a thunderbolt (irresistible energy). It also represents
endless creativity, skillful activity, and potency.
The Footprint of the Buddha: The footprint of the Buddha is an imprint of Gautama Buddha‘s one or
both feet. There are two forms: natural, as found in stone or rock, and those made artificially. Many of
the ―natural‖ ones, of course, are acknowledged not to be actual footprints of the Buddha, but replicas
or representations of them, which can be considered Cetiya (Buddhist relics) and also an early aniconic
and symbolic representation of the Buddha
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Swastika: In the Buddhist tradition, the swastika symbolizes the feet or footprints of the Buddha and is
often used to mark the beginning of texts. Modern Tibetan Buddhism uses it as a clothing decoration.
With the spread of Buddhism, it has passed into the iconography of China and Japan where it has been
used to denote plurality, abundance, prosperity and long life.
The treasure vase: A vase can be filled with many different things. The vase, in Buddhism, can mean
the showering of health, wealth, prosperity and all the good things that come with enlightenment.
Mudras: Mudras are Buddhist hand gestures. They function both as symbols in Buddhist art and as
actual hand gestures used during Buddhist meditation or ritual. Like objects held by saints in Christian
art, mudras indicate the identity of a Buddha or a particular scene being depicted in Buddhist art.
The lion: The Lion is one of Buddhism‘s most important symbols. The lion is the symbol of royalty
that symbolized what the Buddha was a part of before attaining enlightenment. It is also the power of
the Buddha‘s teaching and is quite often compared with the roar of a lion.
Source: coming together, a universal Sacred Space by: Sugam Garg Ancient symbols.com
Sacred Space and Spirituality
A sacred space is a space that integrates, accommodates and expresses spirituality. Defining ―spirituality‖ and how
it relates to design is a difficult task; an attempt to define the indefinable. Spirituality has been defined by the Architecture,
CHAPTER 1 | 32
Culture and Spirituality Forum as a, ―heightened or alternative state of mind in which one is overcome by, or perceives the
presence, insight, or action of forces beyond self-limited consciousness.‖
The sacred can most effectively be defined as the opposite of the profane. Therefore a sacred space is a space that
is built to help people escape from their ordinary everyday life to an extraordinary place. "A space that symbolizes
religious beliefs and facilitates communal rituals. A space with significant cultural meaning as established by
archeological, historical or literary evidence as well as by a community. Spaces with the potential for peace, understanding
and love. A space where earth energies are believed to converge".(architecture, culture and spirituality, Dec, 10,2009)
Sacred Spaces are places of worship, religion, meditation, remembrance, enclosed or unenclosed they are spaces
that people have gathered from the earliest of times to connect with the transcendental, supernatural or divine power. In a
sacred space human beings seek their spirituality and question human life. The important events of life take place here
with the presence of the divine; birth, coming of age, marriage, and departing of the dead. It is also a space of
commitment- commitment to faith, marriage, family, community and ideals.
Sacred spaces are amongst the world‘s most impressive and permanent monolithic buildings in existence. Every
religion and culture formed their own way to connect with god, each of them is different and unique but each one is
equally successful. Despite the differences in the form and architecture of the sacred spaces of the different religions,
some researches identifies the commonalities in the character of their experiential spaces, just as the different religions
have commonalities in their teachings. The following sections study the character of the spaces of the five major religions
of the world i.e. Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism.
CHAPTER 1 | 33
Religious symbolism and iconography
Respectively, the basic and often complex artistic forms and gestures used as a kind of key to
convey religious concepts and the visual, auditory, and kinetic representations of religious ideas and events. Symbolism
and iconography have been utilized by all the religions of the world.
Such systems also contribute to the maintenance and strengthening of the relationships between human beings and
the realm of the sacred or holy (the transcendent, spiritual dimension). The symbol is, in effect, the mediator, presence,
and real (or intelligible) representation of the holy in certain conventional and standardized forms.
Concepts of symbolization
Religious symbols are used to convey concepts concerned with humanity‘s relationship to the sacred or holy (e.g.,
the cross in Christianity) and also to his social and material world.
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Varieties and meanings associated with the term symbol
Different forms and levels of the experience of and relationship to reality (both sacred and profane) are linked with
the concepts of symbol, sign, and picture. The function of the symbol is to represent a reality or a truth and to reveal them
either instantaneously or gradually. The relationship of the symbol to a reality is conceived of as somewhat direct
and intimate and also as somewhat indirect and distant. The symbol is sometimes identified with the reality that it
represents and sometimes regarded as a pure transparency of it. As a ―sign‖ or ―picture‖ the representation of the
experience of and relationship to reality has either a denotative or a truly representative meaning. - Hans J. Hillerbrand
(Nov 6, 2018)
The symbolic process
Almost every symbol and picture in religion is at first either directly or indirectly connected with the sense
impressions and objects of the human environment. Many are derived from the objects of nature, and others are artificially
constructed in a process of intuitive perception, emotional experience, or rational reflection.
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Interfaith
The earliest planned interfaith sacred space found in the research was the ibadat khana or House of Worship. It was
created in 1575 in India by the Mughal emperor Akbar. His intention for the building was to promote religious discussion,
interaction between leaders of the different faiths and understanding. The building no longer exists but surviving
documents indicate that it was a semi enclosed space built out of red sandstone in Fathepur Sikri within the precinct of a
mosque.
The next documented event which marks the beginning of the interfaith movement as we know it today is believed
to be the Parliament of World‘s Religions; it was a part of the World‘s Fair in Chicago in 1893. Religious leaders from
around the world spoke at the parliament which was attended by thousands of people. Later movements include the World
Congress of Faith which was started in the 1930‘s, the Temple of Understanding in 1960, and the worlds conference on
religion and peace in the late 1960‘s and many more.
In the recent past as immigration has grown and as every neighborhood around the world is becoming more
heterogeneous, religious conflicts have also grown, spurring the need for interfaith organizations. The United Religions
Initiative, the Plurality Project, Inter faith Council are all examples of newer interfaith organizations that have been
formed in recent years.
Perceptions about Interfaith
CHAPTER 1 | 36
People have their own image / symbols of the Gods they worship and these vary in different religions. Many
religions believe in a formless God, an abstract God. For instance in Hinduism there are several forms of God. All the
forms of gods and symbols of religions are based on varying perceptions of the people.
―The failure of religions is.. because they were divided. They wanted people to be religious to the exclusion of
other religions, and every branch of knowledge has been a failure because it has been exclusive. What the new
consciousness wants is: no more divisions. To be able to understand the spiritual extreme, the material extreme, and to
find the meeting point, the point where that becomes a real force.‖
The common thread running through all faiths as summarized by John Esposito in World Religions is, ―The belief
in a higher being, belief that acts of kindness reward both the giver and the recipient and belief in an afterlife. All
religions have also handed down codes of conduct to its believers, which are surprisingly similar. The common elements
can be the foundation for educating each of us about the other. Perhaps with knowledge comes tolerance, with tolerance
comes peace.
Spirituality has been defined by the Architecture, Culture and Spirituality Forum as a, ―heightened or alternative
state of mind in which one is overcome by, or perceives the presence, insight, or action of forces beyond self-limited
consciousness. The sacred can most effectively be defined as the opposite of the profane. Therefore a sacred space is a
space that is built to help people escape from their ordinary everyday life to an extraordinary place. "A space that
symbolizes religious beliefs and facilitates communal rituals. A space with significant cultural meaning as established by
archeological, historical or literary evidence as well as by a community. Spaces with the potential for peace, understanding
and love. A space where earth energies are believed to converge"
CHAPTER 1 | 37
Nature
People Perspective on Nature
Looking for definition of nature, there‘s a lot of variation of definition." a source or cause of being moved and of
being at rest in that to which it belongs primarily"- Aristotle, "Nature, in its ministry to man, is not only the material, but is
also the process and the result. All the parts incessantly work into each other's hands for the profit of man. The wind sows
the seed; the sun evaporates the sea; the wind blows the vapour to the field; the ice, on the other side of the planet,
condenses rain on this; the rain feeds the plant; the plant feeds the animal; and thus the endless circulations of the divine
charity nourish man."- Ralph Waldo Emerson, according to science, ―Natural Philosophy‖ was the philosophical study
of nature and the physical universe that was dominant before the development of modern science. It is considered to be the
precursor of natural science‖. Nature is a broad word with lots of definition. Each one or two has their own explanation of
nature, it just you define nature as it how nature touch or affect the lives of each and every one of us.
Importance of Nature
People think nature as relaxing view, peace and green but according to a recent analysis of a large scale nature
challenge scientifically shows how important feeling part of nature is to our physical and mental health. According to a study
conducted by the University of Derby and The Wildlife Trusts to try and measure the impact of last year‘s "30 Days Wild"
CHAPTER 1 | 38
campaign run by a charity. ―Intuitively we knew that nature was good for us as humans, but the results were beyond
brilliant,‖ said Lucy McRobert, nature matters campaigns manager for The Wildlife Trusts.
The study showed that there was a scientifically significant increase in people‘s health, happiness, connection to
nature and active nature behaviours, such as feeding the birds and planting flowers for bees – not just throughout the
challenge, but sustained for months after the challenge had been completed.
Impressively, says McRobert, the number of people reporting their health as "excellent" increased by 30% and this
improvement in health being predicted by the increase in happiness, this relationship is mediated by the change in connection
to nature. It adds to a growing body of evidence that shows definitively that people need nature health and wellbeing (Coles,
2016).
Environmental Effects on Human
 Human-Nature Relationship
Human connection to nature are started to disconnect. Green fields are increasingly converted into subdivisions,
forest and mountains are invaded with Mining Corporation and ―kaingin system‖ which are bad effect for humans‘ future.
People are lacking in importance and care, people are lack to seek reasons to care for nature. The effect of human-
environment correlation of its cause and effect are made difficult to justify to everyone. A large body of scientific research
finds a positive correlation between nature experiences and general well-being. Some of the wide set of health measures that
large published, peer-reviewed studies have associated with time spent in nature or nature viewing include: Reduced stress,
CHAPTER 1 | 39
less depression, better weight control, less impulsivity in decision making, improved mental focus, and improved immune
system function (H.D Gov, 2017). In 1984 biologist and author E.O. Wilson offered one theory: He introduced the term
biophilia – literally, love of nature – to convey the hypothesis that humans are hard-wired by evolution to feel an emotional
pull to other living organisms – plant or animal. Research has shown that separation from nature is implicated in declining
physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing. This issue will highlight research evidence to confirm such links, as well as
strategies which have been, are being or could be applied to address the problems associated with nature deprivation and or
to capitalise on human links with nature (Townsend, 2014).
 Health Benefits of Nature to Human
―Nature isn‘t a miracle cure for diseases,‖ says McRobert, ―But by interacting with it, spending time in it,
experiencing it and appreciating it we can reap the benefits of feeling happier and healthier as a result‖. People suffering
from physical illness or mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety, interacting with nature can help people
control their symptoms or even recover, alongside conventional medication.
 Cognitive Benefits
Considering that exposure to natural world does not require a high level of directed attention, it improves directed
attention because it reduces mental fatigue provoked by the city environment and demanding cognitive tasks. So,
CHAPTER 1 | 40
it increases concentration and the ability to perform tasks. Nature, in addition, might be helpful to improve school grades.
A study with university students demonstrated that those with a view of nature during tests scored better.
 Psychological Benefits
Natural spaces have also an effect on behaviour: promotes self-discipline, self-esteem, self-reliance, self-
concept, self-perception and reduces aggressive behaviours. Interaction with nature can increase self-esteem and mood
reduce anger, and improve general psychological well-being with positive effects on emotions and behavior. Mood and
self-esteem both improved with exposure to natural scenes, suggesting that exercise may deliver greater benefits when it
occurs in the presence of nature. A study in Japan monitored emotional change after exercise in a laboratory and in the
green space around a university campus. Positive emotions were found to be significantly higher after exercise, regardless
of the running environment. In a related study comparing the effects of exercise in a park and an urban setting in Sweden,
Bodin and Hartig found that anxiety, depression and anger, were significantly reduced after running.
 Physiological Benefits
Humans have spent over 99.99% of their time living in the natural environment. The gap between the natural
setting, for which our physiological functions are adapted, and the highly urbanized and artificial setting that we inhabit is
a contributing cause of the ―stress state‖ in modern people. In recent years, scientific evidence supporting the
physiological effects of relaxation caused by natural stimuli has accumulated. This review aimed to objectively
CHAPTER 1 | 41
demonstrate the physiological effects of nature therapy. We have reviewed research in Japan related to the following: (1)
the physiological effects of nature therapy, including those of forests, urban green space, plants, and wooden material and
(2) the analyses of individual differences that arise therein. (Tchounwou, 2016)
 Social Benefits
Urbanization implies some kind of isolation and a lack of social support and cohesion. Several studies suggest
benefits in this sense. Strikingly, in buildings surrounded by higher vegetation density, crime rates and occurrences of
violence and aggressRion are lower.
 Spiritual Benefits
The heavens declare the glory of God, and the sky above proclaims his handiwork. Day to day pours out speech,
and night to night reveals knowledge. There is no speech, nor are there words, whose voice is not heard. Their voice goes
out through all the earth and their words to the end of the world.‖ (Psalm 19:1-4)
Good art awakens heart of person to what we can no longer see in the real world because of our sinful familiarity.
So when a person see beauty faintly glimmering through in a different format, even though it is two dimensional and
limited compared to the real things a person can touch in the world, the portrait awakens senses to what a person taken for
granted. (Ballenger,2018).
CHAPTER 1 | 42
 Healing power of Nature
Ecotherapy, also known as nature therapy or green therapy, is the applied practice of the emergent field of
ecopsychology, which was developed by Theodore Roszak. Ecopsychology is informed by systems theory and provides
individuals with an opportunity to explore their relationship with nature—an area that may be overlooked in many other
types of psychotherapy. Many clinicians who practice ecotherapy believe that the earth has a self-righting capacity which
operates through complex systems of integrated balance, and that if people can harmonize with these systems, they may
experience improved mental health.
The beneficial effects of nature result not only from what people see but from what they experience
through other senses as well. While direct contact with nature has many benefits, individuals need not spend time
in a green environment to experience the positive effects of nature. Several studies have found that a mere glimpse
of nature from a window or even photographs of nature can improve people's overall mood, mental health, and life
satisfaction.(Chalquist, C. (2009)
Nature are rich in different things to fuel up a persons‘ mood and energy even when a person is sick, nature
provide colours to lighting up a day, sounds for relaxation, smell to alleviate mood, touch and even taste, eating
healthy food made the physical body of human healthy and strong and it‘s called healing power of environment.
Healing environment are composed of different factors to heal such as, culture and art as a healing agent to unify
people, colours and effect of multi-sensory approach in healing. Healing environment in the extension of nature
and act as built environment for human in able to cope up with environment and regain its energy.
CHAPTER 1 | 43
The Effects of Recreation on the Environment
It‘s important for humanity to have a relationship with nature, and sports or other outdoor activities can
provide a way for people to interact with their environmental surroundings. However, these same recreational
activities can cause disruption to natural ecosystems and green spaces. There are three common ways that sports
and outdoor activities effect the environment in a negative way. First, green spaces are compromised for
recreational purposes. Second, the biodiversity and ecosystems can be disrupted. Third, individuals engaging in
recreational activities can cause pollution.
National parks and conservation reserves are subject to increasing levels of recreation and tourist pressure. The
typical impacts in parks and reserves include soil erosion and compaction, damage to vegetation, disturbance to wildlife,
water pollution, increased fire frequency, vandalism and noise.
Outdoor recreation in protected areas negatively impacts wildlife
It's a good thing to explore the great outdoors. But a new study led by Colorado State University and the Wildlife
Conservation Society found that recreation activities in protected areas are impacting wildlife. More often than not, the
impact appears in negative ways.
Hiking, a common form of outdoor recreation in protected areas, can create a negative impact by causing animals
to flee, taking time away from feeding and expending valuable energy. Nature-based, outdoor recreation is the most
widespread human land use in protected areas and is permitted in more than 94 percent of parks and reserves globally.
Inspiring an estimated 8 billion visits per year to these areas, outdoor recreation is assumed to be compatible
with conservation. Increasingly, however, negative effects of recreation on wildlife are being reported.
CHAPTER 1 | 44
Protected areas include national parks, wilderness areas, community conserved areas, nature reserves and
privately-owned reserves.
"People generally assume that recreation activities are compatible with conservation goals for protected areas,"
said Courtney Larson, lead author of the study and a graduate student in CSU's Department of Fish, Wildlife, and
Conservation Biology.
Healing Environment
What is Healing Environment?
The concept of healing spaces has been explored for centuries. ―Nature heals‖ the most common response. The
term ―healing‖ is derived from the Anglo-saxon word ―healan‖ which essentially means to make whole. That is to say,
healing is not only limited to physical cure but rather a process which results with one becoming whole. Healing is
considered as bringing the body, mind and soul back into balance.
A healing environment is commonly considered as one that contributes to patients‘ health and wellbeing. Healing
environment is an environment where in it enhances the spiritual, emotional and mental quality of daily life for all those
people involved. This idea is not new. Florence Nightingale (1863) wrote already in the nineteenth century about the
positive effects of daylight and ventilation on patients‘ health. In fact, the concept of healing environment can be traced
back to ancient Greece where nature was used in the healthcare environment for its positive effect on patients (Van den
Berg, 2005). Although the term healing environment is used often, a precise and generally accepted definition seems to be
CHAPTER 1 | 45
lacking (Van den Berg, 2005). Bovenberg et al. (2010) describe a healing environment as an environment that contributes
to the well-being, recovery and healing of a client and can reduce patient stress and stimulates the self-recovering ability
of the patient.
The Environmental Art therapy

Art is a bridge that connects how we affect our environment and how it affects each of us. This Environmental Art
Therapy will offer specific methods for engaging with nature. Encouraging the integration of self and environment both
personally and professionally, the ultimate goal will be finding the relationship between self-care and environmental
stewardship. Participants will explore their internal and external attachments as reflected in the creative choices made
within a natural environment. This retreat is open to anyone seeking to learn ways to creatively connect to nature and is
also open to Creative Art Therapists and other helping professionals interested in integrating community building, nature
and the arts into their practice.
Does art really heals?
In the history, the different forms of art have been used as natural healing. The drawing of the Paleolithic man‘s in
the cave found all over the world show how people portrayed their anxiety in the volatile force of nature or either
awareness of the mystical power in the world and become an integral part of people live.
Art become an occurrence in health environment. Art can be anything: it can be from drawing, paintings,
sculptures or even natural objects. As time goes by, art is not only for decorative but it has deeper contribution to the
health environment. Over recent years, there has been a growing understanding of the impact engaging in the art can
CHAPTER 1 | 46
promote prevention of disease and build wellbeing. The arts can improve healthcare environments and benefit staff
retention and professional development.
Science says that art can heal through a person‘s by changing its insolence and physiology, the body composition
change to relaxation from stress that is really worthy for patients. How does art relieve stress? Art is a positive distraction
by using it, the mentally ill people have been distracted resulting to forget the pain they have and feel what the art has. The
art give an aspect on the mind which will changes the mood into a healthier conditions.
I. Methodology of Research
A. Sacred spaces and design elements
Objective Tactics Person Instruments Time Frame Expected Output

involved
To have a deeper Interview the leaders Spiritual Questionnaires Interview will be Doctrine about the
understanding of each spiritual belief leaders and recording held base on the different principles,
about the about the beliefs, devices through schedule of the practices and beliefs
commonalities of principles, character, cell phones. target interviewee. of different faith.
beliefs, principles, traditions, practices
and behaviours of and nature of their
believers and the faith.
CHAPTER 1 | 47
environment of
different sacred Observation of the users/ Digital camera Observation will Picture showing the
place/ spaces so as behavior of attenders members of for be during behaviour of
to be sensitive on inside their respective the spiritual documentation. communal attenders inside their
designing. house of worship and groups Notes about the religious respective house of
observe the effects of observation ceremonies worship.
morning, afternoon analysis.
and evening worship
hours.
Conduct survey Members/ Questionnaires Morning during filled out survey form
about the experience believers from and recording weekdays. to get Information
that would reflect to different devices through about spiritual beliefs
the behaviour of the spiritual cell phones. of different faith
members/users. groups according to the
opinions of believers
Interview an members from Recording Interview will be

individual regarding different faith material held after the
about their perception communal
about other faith. religious
ceremonies
Gather data and Books, internet Copy of data and
CHAPTER 1 | 48
collecting related surfing, Case Clear understanding

studies about studies and of differences of each
different principle, other literature faith in creating an
and beliefs of interfaith retreat
different faith. village.
To understand and Conduct interview Interview Recording Interview will be Recorded information
analyze the about the spaces, leaders from material, and held base on the and doctrine about
commonalities and design elements and different ready schedule of the the commonalities
differences of building character of religions. questionnaire target interviewee. and differences of
different faith their house of various faith based on
regarding sacred worship and interview building character,
spaces and design about the sacredness spaces and its use to
elements. of it. create a sensitive
environment and
Observe the different Digital camera during Sabbath interfaith sacred
use and arrangement for day space design
of spaces and the documentation. considerations.
purpose of design Notes about the
elements and how it observation
is sacred. analysis.
Photo Documentation Digital cameras Pictures showing the

about the spaces and for different spaces of
physical features of documentation each respective
CHAPTER 1 | 49
each sacred spaces of ocular house of worship.

or house of worships. observation
Read relevant topics, Books, journals, Deeper

researches and other internet surfing understanding about
literature about the and other the beliefs and
architecture and literatures. commonalities of
environment of each religion to be
different house of applied in interfaith
worship and its retreat village.
sacredness.
To determine the Observation of Believers / Digital camera Morning hours Collective pictures
design strategy of existing spiritual users for during week ends. about the
creating spiritual healing places, documentation It is the day of environment,
therapeutic spaces (religious tourist’s of ocular worship of behaviour of users,
that is acceptable destination) such as observation believers design strategies and
for all faith. grotto, about the strategies of
environment, therapeutic spaces.
behavior of users,
design strategies and
strategies in creating
therapeutic spaces.
Interview about the Tourist/ users Recording Morning hours Recorded information
CHAPTER 1 | 50
effects of visiting authorize material during week ends. and list of the benefits
spiritual healing personnel of spiritual healing
places and interview places.
about the effects of
nature.
Conduct researches, Books, Case Accurate information

read relevant topics studies, list and copy of data
and other related Journals, of design strategies
literature that are researches and for therapeutic
connected to internet surfing. environment.
therapeutic
environment and
spiritual beliefs.
B. Healing power of Nature

involved
To determine the Ocular observation Tourist/ users Camera and Weekends are the Information about the
elements of nature on the environment of of the healing photo peak days of effects of nature that
that gives pleasant the existing healing place. documentation. tourist should be applied in
CHAPTER 1 | 51
environment and places and its effects Pen and paper destinations/healin a healing
helpful in spiritual to the users. for taking notes. g places. environment.
healing process.
Interview with some Tourist/ users Weekends are the Filled out questions
tourist regarding of the healing peak days of regarding about the
about the effects of place Recording tourist effects of nature in
nature with their device, paper destinations/healin users/tourist as
healing places. and pen. g places. guidelines in order to
meet the satisfaction
and expectations of
users.
Collect studies, Books, To have a list of

principles, book, and magazines, important information
other related internet surfing, about the positive
literature about the and other effect of nature to
effects of nature. related human.
literature.
To determine the Conduct research Case studies,

characteristics of about the sacredness books, thesis
nature that makes it and profanest of and other
sacred. nature. related studies
CHAPTER 1 | 52
To identify the Conduct case Case studies, To have a list of

characteristics of studies, books, and books, thesis character of nature
nature to be other related and other that can be used or
applied in the literature about related studies apply to the proposal.
structure. adaptive Architecture, And to be able to
characteristics of know the principles
nature and and design strategy
Environmental of Organic
adaptive design. Architecture.
To discover the Ocular observation in Cameras for Ocular Information list of

benefits in nature existing tourist’s documentation observation will effective strategies or
and to identify the destination within of ocular be held during techniques to come
design strategies in Central Luzon observation. weekends up on probable ways
existing tourist regarding its Notes about the to appropriately
destination about characteristics spaces and create an eco-tourism
the physical and strategies. interfaith healing
mental healing place.
aspect of human.
Interview tourist Tourist Questionnaires, Interview will be Collective opinion

about their recording held base on the about the honest
experience in visiting material schedule of the reviews of the tourist
CHAPTER 1 | 53
a tourist destination. target interviewee about tourist’s

destinations.
Interview authorized Resort Questionnaires, Interview will be Information about the

personnel about the Personnel recording held base on the design strategies,
history, benefits, and material schedule of the benefits, and other
other factors why the target interviewee factors about the
tourist destination is tourist destination
still feasible and well
known in
accommodating
tourist.
Conduct case Case studies, To have transcripts

studies, books, and books, thesis about the benefits
other related and other coming from nature.
literature about the related studies
healing power of
nature.
CHAPTER 1 | 54
C. Healing Environment/ Physical Environment

involved
-
To understand the
- Conduct survey to Members of Survey form Survey will be held A completed survey
effects of the the member of each different after the form. Information on
design elements religion about their spiritual group communal what and how the
and arrangement of experiences in their religious design elements of a
spaces to the respective house of ceremonies structure can affect
behavior of users in worship and the user’s behaviour.
sacred places. effects of design Information on how to
elements that fulfil maintain the
their spiritual needs. sacredness of a place
- . and at the same time
- Conduct interview to Youth, Young Questionnaire Morning hours can heal the physical,
the tourist in existing adult and s and during week ends. mental and spiritual of
sacred places about Elders tourist recording It is the Sabbath human through the
their experiences and material on day wherein design elements of a
opinions on how the the phone people visit scared sacred place.
elements of the places.
sacred space heal
them.
-
CHAPTER 1 | 55
- Site observation in Digital An understanding

the sacred place camera for about the strategy
about the design photo used on how to
elements and its documentatio maintain the sanctity of
effect to users to n of ocular a healing place.
attain healing observation
environment.
To identify the Site observation in Digital Weekends are Information about

design strategies in existing physical camera for free day, usually design strategies for
maximizing the use healing tourist places photo family day wherein effective physical and
of elements of about their documentatio it is the peak day mental relaxation and
nature for fast and therapeutic design n of ocular of tourists. peace through nature.
effective healing strategies. observation
- Case studies and Books, Weekends are Data and information

researches related to internet, Case free day, usually list of therapeutic
therapeutic studies and family day wherein design strategies and
environment. other it is the peak day the do’s and don’ts in
Youth, Young literature of tourists. designing physical
adult and healing place.
Elders tourist
Conduct interview to
Questionnaire Interview will be Recorded and list of
the tourist about their
s and held base on the information about
experience within the
recording schedule of the tourist’s opinions,
CHAPTER 1 | 56
physical healing material on target interviewee experiences and

place. the phone recommendations
Care taker/
resort
Conduct interview to personnel Upon the Information about the
the care taker or interview. operation and manner
personnel about the of maintenance in the
maintenance and physical healing place
condition of the place
All physical data about

- Gather data from the
the condition of the
existing physical
physical healing place.
healing places such
as population of
tourist, amenities and
history of physical
healing place
To determine the Observation of the User of sacred Pen and Wide range information
factors, strategies, effects of lights, spaces paper. about design elements
principles and sounds, colors, camera of therapeutic
guidelines of multi- texture, etc. in human environment such as
sensory and proper ventilation,
sensitive design. proper lighting,
CHAPTER 1 | 57
Research, case study Books, effective therapeutic

and other related internet, Case landscape design
literature about how studies, elements and probable
to create a thesis book ways to produce multi-
therapeutic and other sensory design for the
environment for literature users.
effective healing.
To study the Conduct studies, Books, Information about the

effectiveness of art books, and other internet, Case power and limitation of
as a form of related literature studies, art to provide a
therapeutic element about environmental thesis book relaxing and peaceful
to be able to art and culture as and other environment. Factors
determine the healing elements literature and contribution of art
guidelines on how in healing physical,
to incorporate it in mental and spiritual.
healing process.
CHAPTER 1 | 58
J. Definition of Terms
Art- is a bridge that connects how we affect our environment and how it affects each of us.
All Faith- Identifying the different religion; Roman Catholic, Protestantism, Iglesia ni Cristo, Islam and Buddhism.
Behaviour- Behaviour of people toward different spaces
Beliefs- different point of view of people based on their practices, religion, culture and own understanding.
Demanding environment- a place where everything are coping for time and has schedules, with level of stress and
anxiety.
Environment- that which environs or surrounds; surrounding conditions, influences, or forces, by which living forms
are influenced and modified in their growth and development.
Environmental art therapy- the integration of art, culture, environment and architecture for self-healing and
environmental stewardship.
Heal- to restore or be restored to health.
Health- the general condition of the body or mind with reference to soundness and vigour.
Healing environment- an environment where in it enhances the spiritual, emotional and mental quality.
CHAPTER 1 | 59
Healing Nature - it is the power of nature in able to heal the inner spiritual problem of a person through interaction or
beyond.
Interfaith- The integration and oneness of all different religions or members of different religions.
Nature - Contains a profane environment.
Natural Environment- Positive effects of nature to human health.
Mind- the element of a person that enables them to be aware of the world and their experiences, to think, and to feel;
the faculty of consciousness and thought.
Perception- The perception of people that sacred space is characterized by symbols and design elements base on their
religion affiliation.
Practices- the different tradition or routine that they do in the group that they are belong to.
Profane- relating or devoted to that which is not sacred or biblical. It indicates the destruction and profaneness of
nature.
Religion- is a fundamental set of beliefs and practices generally agreed upon by a group of people. These set of beliefs
concern the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe, and involve devotional and ritual observances.
Spirituality- is about seeking a meaningful connection with something bigger than oneself, which can result in
positive emotions, such as peace, awe, contentment, gratitude, and acceptance.
CHAPTER 1 | 60
Well-being- a good or satisfactory condition of existence; a state characterized by health, happiness, and prosperity.
K. References
Articles
• Bodin, M.; Hartig, T. Does the outdoor environment matter for psychological restoration gained through running?
Psychol. Sport Exerc. 2001 4, 141–153.
• Debra Umberson1 and Jennifer Karas Montez (2011). Social Relationships and Health: A Flashpoint for Health
Policy. J Health Soc Behav.
• Fjeld, T.; Veiersted, B.; Sandvik, L.; Riise, G.; Levy, F. The effect of indoor foliage plants on health and
discomfort symptoms among office workers. Indoor Built Environ. 1998, 2, 204–209.
• Howard Frumkin et al (2017). Nature Contact and Human Health: A Research Agenda. EPH Environmental Health
Perspective.
• Kaplan, R. The nature of the view from home: Psychological benefits. Environ. Behav. 2001, 33, 507–542.
CHAPTER 1 | 61
• Pretty, J.; Peacock, J.; Sellens, M.; Griffin, M. The mental and physical health outcomes of green exercise. Int. J.
Environ. Health Res. 2005, 15, 319–337.
• Roger, Gill. 2014. Spirituality at work and the leadership challenge (Keynote 3). British Association for the Study of
Spirituality 4: 136–48.
• Religions in the Philippines, FFE Magazine by: FFE Staff 12, January, 2017
Book
• Benitez, Cristina Pardes, ed. (2009) Faith, Spiritual Architecture. Barcelona: Loft Publications.
• Brita, Brekke. ―Making Space for Religion: A spatial analysis of the construction of two religious buildings in
Oslo‖ Master thesis, Institute for Sociology and Human Geography: University of Oslo. 2017
• Day, C. (27 Feb 2014). Places of the soul: Architecture and environmental design as a healing art. Third edition.
Oxford, UK. Elsevier Ltd., 20,.
• Langley, Myrtle. (2013) Religions: HANDBOOK OF RELIGIOUS BELIEFS AND PRACTICES. Fifth Revision.
By: US Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Prisons.
• Lee J., Li Q., Tyrvainen L., Tsunetsugu Y., Park B.J., Kagawa T., Miyazaki Y (2012, pp. 325–350). Nature therapy
and preventive medicine. In: Maddock J., editor. Public Health—Social and Behavioral Health. Intech; Rijeka,
Croatia.
CHAPTER 1 | 62
• Sternberg, E. M. (2010). Healing Spaces: The Science of Place and Well Being. Published: Belknap Press; 1
edition.
Journal
• Dr. Mardie Townsend Health Benefits of Nature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
Health (ISSN 1660-4601).
• Volf C. (2011). Light and the aesthetics of perception. The Nordic Journal of Aesthetics, NJA 40-41.
• Bell, C. (1992). New York: Oxford University Press. (2011).
• Chorong Song; Harumi Ikei; Yoshifumi Miyazaki (2016). Physiological Effects of Nature Therapy: A Review of
the Research in Japan.
• Timothy J. Legg, PhD.,CRNP ( 2016). Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression. Healthline
• Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER) (2017). Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD);
MayoClinic
CHAPTER 1 | 63

Chapter 1 Interfaith Retreat Village

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Hillside Eco-tourism Healing Place: Integration of Interfaith Retreat Village through Environmental Art Therapy Approach and Organic

A. Background of the Study

Source: University of Derby and The Wildlife Trusts

B. Statement of the Problem

1. Perception vs. symbolism

2. Behaviour vs. Symbolism

C. Thesis Goals, Objectives and Strategies

Sacredness of religious spaces and design elements

 Conduct interview and observation about the differences and commonalities

 Observation of a spiritual healing place

 Interview regarding the effects of Nature

 Case studies about Environmental adaptive design.

 Observe the environment of existing healing places.

Objective 9: To create an environment that embodies physical and mental relaxation

 Site visitation to healing tourist places

 Research and gather information

 Observation of the effects of light, sound, color and texture in human

 Research and gather information

D. Scope and Limitations

E. Significance of the Study

G. Theoretical/ Conceptual Framework

Five Main Religions in the Philippines

How Religion Affects Way of Living: Beliefs, Principles, and Practices

The different symbols and design element that define sacredness

Source: Religion and Spirituality: Christian Symbols Illustrated Glossary

Sacred Space and Spirituality

Religious symbolism and iconography

Varieties and meanings associated with the term symbol

The symbolic process

Perceptions about Interfaith

People Perspective on Nature

Environmental Effects on Human

 Health Benefits of Nature to Human

 Healing power of Nature

The Effects of Recreation on the Environment

What is Healing Environment?

The Environmental Art therapy

Does art really heals?

A. Sacred spaces and design elements

Objective Tactics Person Instruments Time Frame Expected Output

Interview an members from Recording Interview will be

Gather data and Books, internet Copy of data and

collecting related surfing, Case Clear understanding

Photo Documentation Digital cameras Pictures showing the

each sacred spaces of ocular house of worship.

Read relevant topics, Books, journals, Deeper

Conduct researches, Books, Case Accurate information

B. Healing power of Nature

Objective Tactics Person Instruments Time Frame Expected Output

Collect studies, Books, To have a list of

To determine the Conduct research Case studies,

To identify the Conduct case Case studies, To have a list of

To discover the Ocular observation in Cameras for Ocular Information list of

Interview tourist Tourist Questionnaires, Interview will be Collective opinion

a tourist destination. target interviewee about tourist’s

Interview authorized Resort Questionnaires, Interview will be Information about the

Conduct case Case studies, To have transcripts

C. Healing Environment/ Physical Environment

Objective Tactics Person Instruments Time Frame Expected Output

- Site observation in Digital An understanding

To identify the Site observation in Digital Weekends are Information about

- Case studies and Books, Weekends are Data and information

physical healing material on target interviewee experiences and

All physical data about