Medications (Include oxygen, IV fluids, saline flushes, and prn medications):
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Abacavir/Ziagen antiretrovirals Assess patient for signs of
nucleoside reverse hypersensitivity reactions;
transcriptase change in severity of HIV
inhibitors symptoms and for
symptoms of opportunistic
infections throughout
therapy.
Abarelix/Plenaxis antineoplastics Observe patient for at least
gnrh antagonist 30 min following injection
for immediate-onset
systemic allergic reactions.
Measure serum total
testosterone concentrations
just prior to administration
on Day 29.
Abatacept/Orencia antirheumatics Assess range of motion,
fusion proteins degree of swelling, pain in
affected joints, infusion-
related reaction, signs of
allergic reaction, latent
tuberculosis with a
tuberculin skin test, and
health status at each
session.
Abciximab/ReoPro antiplatelet agents Assess patient for bleeding
glycoprotein iib iiia at all potential bleeding
inhibitors sites; hypersensitivity
reaction or anaphylaxis;
mental status changes; nose
and mouth mucous
membranes, and examine
urine, stool and emesis for
presence of blood frequently
throughout therapy. Check
the sheath insertion site and
distal pulses of affected
leg(s) frequently while
femoral artery sheath is in
place and for 6 hr after
femoral artery sheath is
removed.
Acamprosate calcium/ alcohol abuse Assess for signs of alcohol
Campral therapy adjuncts withdrawal at initiation of
gamma therapy.
aminobutyric acid
gaba analogues
Rev. 08/21/08
Common Side Effects
headache, insomnia, MI,
hepatotoxicity, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
rashes, lactic acidosis,
hypersensitivity reactions
dizziness, fatigue, headache,
sleep disturbances, peripheral
edema, constipation, diarrhea,
nausea, dysuria, urinary
frequency, hot flushes, breast
enlargement/nipple
tenderness, back pain
headache, dizziness,
hypersensictivity reactions
including anaphylaxis,
infections, infusion-related
events,
abnormal thinking, dizziness,
headache, hypotension, atrial
fibrillation/flutter, bradycardia,
complete AV block,
supraventricular tachycardia,
vascular disorder, chest pain,
peripheral edema, bleeding,
thrombocytopenia, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
abnormal thinking, anxiety,
depression, drowsiness,
headache, abnormal vision,
cough, dyspnea, pharyngitis,
rhinitis, palpitations, peripheral
edema, syncope, vasodilation,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
constipation, diarrhea,
flatulence, ↑ appetite, nausea,
taste perversion, vomiting, ↓
libido, erectile dysfunction,
1

Acarbose/Precose antidiabetics Observe patient for signs
alpha glucosidase and symptoms of
inhibitors hypoglycemia when taking
concurrently with other oral
hypoglycemic agents.
Acebutolol/ Sectral antiarrhythmics Monitor blood pressure,
(class II) ECG, and pulse; intake and
antihypertensives output ratios and daily
beta blockers weights. Assess routinely for
signs and symptoms of CHF.
Acetaminophen/ antipyretics Assess overall health status
nonopioid and alcohol usage before
analgesics administering
acetaminophen. Assess
type, location, and intensity
prior to and 30–60 min
following administration.
Assess fever; note presence
of associated signs.
Acetazolamide/ AK- anticonvulsants Assess for allergy to
Zol, Dazamide, antiglaucoma sulfonamides, eye
Diamox, Diamox agents discomfort or decrease in
Sequels, Storzolamide diuretics visual acuity, neurologic
ocular hypotensive status, and decrease in
agent severity of symptoms
carbonic anhydrase throughout prolonged
inhibitors therapy. Serum electrolytes,
complete blood counts, and
platelet counts should be
evaluated initially.
Acetohexamide/ antidiabetics Observe patient for signs
Dymelor sulfonylureas and symptoms of
hypoglycemic reactions, and
allergy to sulfonamides
throughout therapy.
Acetohydroxamic anti-infectives Assess patient for signs and
acid/ AHA, Lithostat (adjunct) symptoms of urinary tract
urease inhibitors infection throughout
therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
rash, weight gain, arthralgia,
back pain, mylagia, tremor
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
flatulence, ↑ transaminases.
fatigue, weakness, anxiety,
depression, dizziness,
drowsiness, insomnia, memory
loss, nervousness, nightmares,
blurred vision, stuffy nose,
bronchospasm, wheezing,
bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary
edema, hypotension,
peripheral vasoconstriction,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, erectile dysfunction,
diminished libido, urinary
frequency, rashes,
hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia,
arthralgia, joint pain, drug-
induced lupus syndrome.
Hepatic renal failure,
hepatotoxicity, renal failure,
neutropenia, pancytopenia,
leucopenia, rash, urticaria
Depression, tiredness,
weakness, anorexia, metallic
taste, nausea, Stevens-
Johnson Syndrome,
hyperchloremic acidosis,
aplastic anemia, hemolytic
anemia, leucopenia, weight
loss, paresthesias, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Dizziness, headache, anorexia,
cholestatic jaundice,
constipation, diarrhea,
epigastric fullness, heartburn,
photosensitivity,
hypoglycemia, aplastic
anemia, agranulocytosis,
hemolytic anemia, leukopenia,
pancytopenia.
Headache, anxiety,
depression, malaise,
nervousness, tremulousness,
palpitations, superficial
phlebitis of the lower
extremities, alopecia, rash,
2

Acetylcysteine/ Antidotes (for Assess type, amount, and
Acetadote, Mucomyst, acetaminophen time of acetaminophen
Mucosil toxicity) ingestion. Assess plasma
mucolytic acetaminophen levels.
Monitor AST, ALT, and
bilirubin levels along with
prothrombin time every 24
hr for 96 hr in patients with
plasma acetaminophen
levels indicating potential
hepatotoxicity. Monitor
cardiac and renal function,
serum glucose, and
electrolytes. Assess
respiratory function and
color, amount, and
consistency of secretions.
Acitretin/ Soriatane antipsoriatics Assess skin lesions before
retinoids and periodically during
therapy. Monitor liver
function (AST, ALT, and
LDH) every 1–2 wk until
stable and periodically
thereafter as indicated.
Activated charcoal/ antidotes Assess neurologic status;
Acta-Char Liquid-A, adsorbents administer only if patient is
Actidose-Aqua, alert. Inquire as to the type
CharcoAid 2000, of drug or poison and time
Insta-Char, Insta- of ingestion. Monitor blood
Char pressure, pulse, respiratory
Aqueous Suspension, and neurologic status, and
Liqui-Char, SuperChar urine output as indicated by
Aqueous toxicity of agent(s). Chronic
use may impair absorption
of essential nutrients. This
may result in decreased
mineral or electrolyte levels
Acyclovir/Zovirax antivirals Assess lesions before
purine analogues and daily during
therapy. Monitor
neurologic status in
patients with herpes
encephalitis. Monitor
BUN, serum creatinine,
and CCr before and
during therapy.
Adalimumab/ Humira antirheumatics Assess pain and range of
dmards motion; signs of infection;
monoclonal injection site reactions;
antibodies latex allergy; signs of
anaphylaxis; and latent
tuberculosis with a
tuberculin skin test prior to
initiation of therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
anemia, hemolytic anemia.
Drowsiness, vasodilation,
rhinorrhea, bronchospasm,
bronchial/tracheal irritation,
chest tightness, increased
secretions, nausea, vomiting,
stomatitis, pruritus, rash,
urticaria, clamminess, allergic
reactions (primarily with IV),
including anaphylaxis,
angioedema, chills, fever.
Rigors, dry eyes, irritation,
hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis,
alopecia, dry skin, nail
disorder, peeling, pruritis,
rash, hematuria,
hyperlipidemia, arthralgia,
hyperostosis, cheilitis,
paresthesia, epistaxis.
black stools, constipation,
diarrhea, vomiting.
Seizures, dizziness, headache,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
renal failure, unusual
sweating, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, thrombotic
thrombocytopenic
pupura/hemolytic uremic
syndrome, pain, phlebitis.
Headache, hypertension,
abdominal pain, nausea,
hematuria, rash, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, injection
site reactions,
hypercholesterolemia,
hyperlipidemia, back pain,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, infections.
3
Adefovir/ Hepsera antivirals May cause lactic acidosis
nucleotides and severe hepatomegaly
with steatosis. Monitor
patient for signs of
increased serum lactate
levels, elevated liver
enzymes, liver enlargement
on palpation. Monitor viral
load and CD4 cell count
regularly during therapy in
patients with HIV
infectionMonitor liver
function tests and hepatitis
B virus levels throughout
and following therapy.
Adenosine/Adenocard, antiarrhythmics Monitor heart rate
Adenoscan frequently (every 15–30
sec) and ECG continuously
during therapy. Monitor
blood pressure and
respiratory status during
therapy.
Agalsidase beta/ replacement Assess for infusion
Fabrazyme enzyme reactions, and cardiac
enzymes function during treatment in
patients with previously
compromised cardiac
function
Alatrofloxacin/Trovan anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
IV fluoroquinolones signs and symptoms of
anaphylaxis during therapy.
Monitor liver function tests
and pancreatic tests in
patients who develop
symptoms consistent with
hepatitis and/or
pancreatitis.
Albendazole/ Albenza antihelmintics Ophthalmic examinations
should be performed before
therapy to determine
presence of retinal lesions.
Monitor liver function tests
before start of each
treatment and at least every
2 weeks during treatment.
Monitor WBC count before
Rev. 08/21/08
Headache, cough, pharyngitis,
sinusitis, dyspepsia,
HEPATOMEGALY WITH
STEATOSIS, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, flatulence, increased
liver enzymes, nausea,
vomiting, hematuria,
nephrotoxicity, pruritus, rash,
lactic acidosis, weakness,
fever, HIV resistance.
Apprehension, dizziness,
headache, head pressure,
light-headedness, blurred
vision, throat tightness,
shortness of breath, chest
pressure, hyperventilation,
facial flushing, transient
arrhythmias, chest pain,
hypotension, palpitations,
metallic taste, nausea, burning
sensation, facial flushing,
sweating, neck and back pain,
numbness, tingling, heaviness
in arms, pressure sensation in
groin.
Anxiety, depression, dizziness,
headache, bronchospasm,
edema, cardiomegaly,
hypotension, hypertension,
dyspepsia, nausea, testicular
pain, pallor, skeletal pain,
arthrosis, infusion reactions,
rigors, fever.
Seizures, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache,
insomnia, hepatoxicity,
pseudomembranous colitis,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
nausea, altered taste,
interstitial cystitis, vaginitis,
photosensitivity, rash,
hypersensitivity reactions
including Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, and anaphylaxis.
Headache, dizziness/ vertigo,
increased intracranial
pressure, abnormal liver
function tests, abdominal pain,
nausea/vomiting, reversible
alopecia, granulocytopenia,
agranulocytosis, pancytopenia,
meningeal signs, fever.
4
 each 28-day cycle and every
2 weeks during each 28–day
cycle.
Albumin (human)/ volume expanders Monitor vital signs, CVP, and
Albuminar, Albutein, blood products intake and output; signs of
Buminate, normal colloids vascular overload; increased
human serum bleeding after
albumin, Plasbumin administration caused by
increased blood pressure
and circulating blood volume
throughout therapy. Monitor
serum sodium levels.
Albuterol/Airet, bronchodilators Assess lung sounds, pulse,
Proventil, Proventil adrenergics and blood pressure;
HFA, salbutamol, pulmonary function tests;
Ventolin, Ventolin paradoxical bronchospasm
HFA, Ventolin before administration and
rotacaps during peak of medication.
Alclometasone topical/ anti inflammatories Assess affected skin before
Aclovate steroidal and daily during therapy.
corticosteroids Note degree of inflammation
and pruritus. May cause
increased serum and urine
glucose concentrations if
significant absorption
occurs. Adrenal function
tests may be ordered to
assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in long—term
therapy.
Aldesleukin/interleuki antineoplastics Monitor ECG continuously
n- interleukins during infusion. Monitor vital
2, IL-2, Proleukin signs at least daily;
development of capillary
leak syndrome; respiratory
status and pulse oximetry;
weight daily; changes in
mental status; signs of
infection; signs of anemia;
nutrition and bowel status;
skin daily for rash or blisters
on skin throughout therapy.
Monitor CBC, differential,
platelet count, blood
chemistries including
electrolytes, and renal and
hepatic function prior to and
daily throughout therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
Headache, pulmonary edema,
fluid overload, hypertension,
hypotension, tachycardia,
increased salivation, nausea,
vomiting, rash, urticaria, back
pain, chills, fever, flushing.
Nervousness, restlessness,
tremor, headache, insomnia
(Pedi: occurs more frequently
in young children than adults),
hyperactivity in children, chest
pain, palpitations, angina,
arrhythmias, hypertension,
nausea, vomiting,
hyperglycemia, hypokalemia,
tremor.
Allergic contact dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression.
Apnea, respiratory failure,
dyspnea, pulmonary
congestion, pulmonary edema,
CHF, cardiac arrest, MI,
stroke, arrhythmias,
hypotension, tachycardia,
bowel perforation, diarrhea,
jaundice, nausea, stomatitis,
vomiting, ascites,
hepatomegaly, oliguria/anuria,
proteinuria, dysuria,
hematuria, renal failure,
exfoliative dermatitis, pruritus,
acidosis, hypocalcemia,
hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia,
hypophosphatemia, alkalosis,
anemia, coagulation disorders,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
leukocytosis, capillary leak
syndrome, chills, fever.
5
Alefacept/ Amevive antipsoriatics Assess skin lesions; signs
immunosuppressan and symptoms of infection;
ts allergic reactions; signs and
fusion proteins symptoms of hepatic
rDNA impairment before and
during therapy. Monitor CD4
and T lymphocyte count
before initiating and weekly
during therapy.
Alemtuzumab/ antineoplastics Monitor for infusion
Campath monoclonal reactions. Obtain CBC and
antibodies platelet counts weekly
during therapy and more
frequently if worsening
anemia, neutropenia, or
thrombocytopenia is
observed.
Alendronate/ Fosamax bone resorption Assess patients for low bone
inhibitors mass and symptoms of
biphosphonates Paget's disease before and
periodically during therapy.
Assess serum calcium and
alkaline phosphatase before
and periodically during
therapy.
Alfentanil/ Alfenta analgesic adjuncts Assess vital signs, especially
opioid analgesics respiratory status and ECG,
opioid agonists frequently during and
following administration.
Symptoms of toxicity
include respiratory
depression, hypotension,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
and asystole.
Alfuzosin/ Uroxatral urinary tract Assess patient for symptoms
antispasmodics of benign prostatic
peripherally acting hyperplasia; orthostatic
antiadrenergics reaction and syncope; BP;
and pulse before and
periodically during therapy.
Alglucosidase/ replacement Observe for signs and
Myozyme enzyme symptoms of anaphylaxis;
infusion-related reactions;
and cardiorespiratory status
continuously during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
Dizziness, chills, pruritis, fatty
liver, hepatitis, increase in
liver enzymes, liver failure,
nausea, lymphopenia,
injection site reactions,
myalgia, pharyngitis, cough,
hypersensitivity reactions
(angioedema, urticaria),
immunosuppression, infection,
malignancies.
Depression, dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
weakness, bronchospasm,
cough, dyspnea, hypertension,
hypotension, tachycardia,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
constipation, stomatitis, rash,
sweating, edema, neutropenia,
pancytopenia/ marrow
hypoplasia, anemia,
lymphopenia,
thrombocytopenia, back pain,
skeletal pain, infusion-related
events, infection, sepsis.
Headache, blurred vision,
conjunctivitis, eye
pain/inflammation, atrial
fibrillation, abdominal
distention, abdominal pain,
acid regurgitation,
constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, dysphagia,
esophageal ulcer, flatulence,
gastritis, nausea, taste
perversion, vomiting,
erythema, photosensitivity,
rash, musculoskeletal pain,
osteonecrosis.
Dizziness, sleepiness, blurred
vision, apnea, respiratory
depression, bradycardia,
hypotension, tachycardia,
arrhythmias, hypertension,
nausea, vomiting, thoracic
muscle rigidity, skeletal
muscle rigidity.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
bronchitis, sinusitis,
pharyngitis, postural
hypotension, abdominal pain,
constipation, dyspepsia,
nausea, erectile dysfunction.
Bradycardia, tachycardia,
respiratory distress failure,
cough, ↓ oxygen saturation,
tachypnea, diarrhea, reflux,
vomiting, constipation,
6
 Monitor liver enzymes prior
to and periodically during
therapy.
Aliskiren/ Tekturna antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and
renin inhibitors pulse frequently during
initial dose adjustment and
periodically during therapy.
Alitretinoin/ Panretin antineoplastics Assess skin lesions and
retinoids dermal toxicities throughout
therapy.
Allopurinol/ Alloprim, antigout agents Monitor intake and output
Lopurin, Zyloprim antihyperuricemics ratios; rash or more severe
xanthine oxidase hypersensitivity reactions;
inhibitors joint pain and swelling;
blood glucose in patients
receiving oral hypoglycemic
agents. Monitor
hematologic, renal, and liver
function tests before and
periodically during therapy,
especially during the first
few months.
Almotriptan/ Axert vascular headache Assess pain location,
suppressants character, intensity, and
five ht1 agonists duration and associated
symptoms (photophobia,
phonophobia, nausea,
vomiting) during migraine
attack.
Aloe/ Aloe vera, cape, laxatives Perform baseline skin
Zanzibar, socotrine, assessment prior to applying
curacao aloe to minor wounds,
burns, and abrasions.
Assess for abdominal
distention, presence of
bowel sounds, and usual
pattern of elimination; color,
consistency, and amount of
stool produced;
inflammation, drainage,
pain, warmth, and/or
pruritus.
Alosetron/ Lotronex anti irritable bowel Monitor patient for signs of
syndrome agents constipation or ischemic
five ht3 antagonists colitis (new or worsening
abdominal pain, bloody
diarrhea, blood in stool)
throughout therapy.
Alpha Interferons/ immune modifiers Assess for signs of
Pegasys, Intron A, interferons neuropsychiatric disorders;
Pegintron, Alferon N signs of infection;
cardiovascular disorders;
signs of colitis; development
of flu-like syndrome; bone
marrow depression;
Rev. 08/21/08
flushing, rash, dermatitis,
urticaria, anemia, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, infustion
reactions, fever.
Cough, abdominal pain,
diarrhea ↑ (in females and
elderly), dyspepsia, reflux,
angioedema.
Pain, pruritus, rash, edema,
exfoliative, dermatitis,
paresthesia.
Hypotension, flushing,
hypertension, bradycardia, and
heart failure (reported with IV
administration), drowsiness,
diarrhea, hepatitis, nausea,
vomiting, renal failure,
hematuria, rash (discontinue
drug at first sign of rash),
urticaria, bone marrow
depression, hypersensitivity
reactions.
Drowsiness, headache,
coronary artery vasospasm,
MI, myocardial ischemia,
ventricular fibrillation,
ventricular tachycardia, dry
mouth, nausea, paresthesia.
Contact dermatitis, skin
irritation, hypokalemia,
dehydration, cramping,
diarrhea, laxative dependence
(chronic use), red-colored
urine.
Acute ischemic colitis, toxic
megacolon, constipation,
abdominal discomfort,
abdominal distention,
flatulence, nausea, GI viral
infections, hemorrhoids,
regurgitation or reflux.
Neuropsychiatric disorders,
confusion, depression,
dizziness, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, irritability, anxiety,
blurred vision, nose bleeds,
rhinitis, ischemic disorders,
arrhythmias, chest pain,
7
 pulmonary status; signs of
thyroid dysfunction; and
number, size, and character
of lesions prior to and
throughout therapy. Monitor
for CBC and differential prior
to and periodically during
therapy.
Alpha1-proteinase pulmonary Monitor respiratory status;
inhibitor, replacement fever, chills, and dizziness;
Human/alpha1- enzyme inhibitor signs of fluid overload prior
antitrypsin, Aralast, enzyme inhibitors to and weekly during
Prolastin, Zemaira therapy. Monitor serum
alpha1-proteinase inhibitor
levels to determine
response to therapy.
Alprazolam/ Niravam, antianxiety agents Assess degree and
Xanax, Xanax XR benzodiazepines manifestations of anxiety
and mental status;
drowsiness, light-
headedness, and dizziness;
CNS effects and risk of falls
prior to and periodically
during therapy. Monitor CBC
and liver and renal function
periodically during long-
term therapy.
Alprostadil erectile dysfunction Monitor for hypotension
(intracavernosal, agents during in-clinic dosing.
intraurethral)/ prostaglandins
Caverject,
Edex, MUSE
Alprostadil (systemic)/ ductus arteriosus Monitor temperature,
Prostaglandin E1, patency adjuncts respiratory rate, pulse,
Prostin prostaglandins blood pressure, and ECG;
VR Pediatric respiratory status and heart
sounds; facial or arm
flushing; signs of bleeding
during therapy. Monitor
arterial blood gases before
and periodically throughout
therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
edema, colitis, pancreatitis,
anorexia, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, dry mouth, nausea,
taste disorder, vomiting,
weight loss, drug-induced
hepatitis, flatulence, alopecia,
dry skin, pruritus, rash,
sweating, leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
hemolytic anemia, arthralgia,
myalgia, cough, dyspnea,
autoimmune disorders,
infectious disorders, chills,
fever, flu-like syndrome.
Dizziness, headache, transient
↑ in liver enzymes, transient
leukocytosis, cough,
respiratory tract infection, sore
throat, delayed fever.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
lethargy, confusion, hangover,
headache, mental depression,
paradoxical excitation, blurred
vision, constipation, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, weight gain,
rashes, physical dependence,
psychological dependence,
tolerance.
Dizziness, headache,
hypertension, hypotension,
penile pain, penile edema,
penile fibrosis, penile rashes,
priapism, back pain, cough,
bleeding, ecchymosis
(injection), hematomas
(injection), irritation.
Seizures, cerebral bleeding,
irritability, jitteriness, lethargy,
apnea, altered respiratory rate
(slow and fast), hypercapnia,
respiratory depression,
wheezing, arrhythmia,
bradycardia, edema, heart
block, heart failure,
hypotension, tachycardia,
diarrhea, gastric regurgitation,
hyperbilirubinemia, peritonitis,
anuria, hematuria, flushing,
hypokalemia, disseminated
intravascular coagulation,
anemia, bleeding,
thrombocytopenia,
hypoglycemia, neck
8

Alteplase/ Activase, thrombolytics Monitor vital signs, including
Cathflo Activase, plasminogen temperature, continuously
tissue plasminogen activators for myocardial infarction and
activator, t-PA at least every 4 hr during
therapy for other
indications. Assess patient
carefully for bleeding every
15 min during the 1st hr of
therapy, every 15–30 min
during the next 8 hr, and at
least every 4 hr for the
duration of therapy. Assess
patient for hypersensitivity
reaction; neurologic status
throughout therapy. Monitor
ECG continuously.
Altretamine/ Hexalen, antineoplastics Monitor for bone marrow
hexamethylmelamine depression and signs of
neurotoxicity including CNS
effects throughout therapy.
Monitor CBC and platelets
prior to each course of
therapy, monthly, and as
clinically indicated.
Aluminum hydroxide/ antiulcer agents Assess location, duration,
AlternaGEL, Alu-Cap, hypophosphatemics character, and precipitating
Aluminet, Alu-Tab, antacids factors of gastric pain.
Amphojel, Basalgel, phosphate binders Monitor serum phosphate
Dialume and calcium levels
periodically during chronic
use of aluminum hydroxide.
Alvimopan/ Entereg gastric stimulant Assess bowel sounds and
opioid antagonists frequency, quantity, and
consistency of stools
periodically during therapy.
Amantadine/ antiparkinson Monitor blood pressure;
Symmetrel agents drug-induced orthostatic
antivirals hypotension; vital signs and
mental status; CHF;
appearance of a diffuse red
mottling of the skin; intake
and output; akinesia,
rigidity, tremors, and gait
disturbances; respiratory
status and temperature
before and throughout
therapy.
Ambrisentan/ Letairis antihypertensives Assess patient for signs and
endothelin receptor symptoms of primary
antagonists pulmonary hypertension;
peripheral edema during
therapy. Monitor liver
chemistries prior to initiation
of therapy and at least
every month thereafter.
Rev. 08/21/08
hyperextension, stiffness,
fever, hypothermia, sepsis.
Intracranial hemorrhage,
epistaxis, gingival bleeding,
bronchospasm, hemoptysis,
reperfusion arrhythmias,
hypotension, recurrent
ischemia/thromboembolism,
GI bleeding, nausea,
retroperitoneal bleeding,
vomiting, GU tract bleeding,
ecchymoses, flushing,
urticaria, bleeding,
hemorrhage at injection site,
phlebitis at injection site,
musculoskeletal pain, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever.
Seizures, fatigue, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, hepatic
toxicity, gonadal suppression,
renal toxicity, alopecia,
pruritus, skin rash, gonadal
suppression, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
peripheral neuropathy.
Constipation,
hypophosphatemia.
Constipation, dyspepsia,
flatulence, hypokalemia,
urinary retention, anemia,
back pain.
Ataxia, dizziness, insomnia,
anxiety, confusion, depression,
drowsiness, psychosis,
seizures, nausea, vomiting,
anorexia, constipation, blurred
vision, dry mouth, dyspnea,
hypotension, CHF, edema,
urinary retention, mottling,
livedo reticularis, rashes,
leukopenia, neutropenia.
Headache, hepatotoxicity, fluid
retention, ↓ hemoglobin, ↓
sperm count.
9
Amcinonide/ Cyclocort anti inflammatories Assess affected skin before
steroidal and daily during therapy.
corticosteroids Periodic adrenal function
tests may be ordered to
assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
topical therapy if suspected.
Amifostine/ Ethyol cytoprotective Monitor blood pressure
agents before and every 5 min
during infusion; fluid status;
signs and symptoms of
anaphylaxis; dry mouth and
mouth sores during therapy.
Monitor serum calcium
concentrations before and
periodically during therapy.
Amikacin/ Amikin anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
aminoglycosides Evaluate eighth cranial
nerve function by
audiometry; intake and
output and daily weight;
and signs of superinfection
before and throughout
therapy. Monitor renal
function by urinalysis,
specific gravity, BUN,
creatinine, and CCr before
and throughout therapy.
Amiloride/ Midamor diuretics Monitor intake and output
potassium sparing ratios and daily weight;
diuretics signs and symptoms of
hypokalemia throughout
therapy. Monitor BUN,
serum creatinine, and
electrolytes before and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Aminocaproic acid/ hemostatic agents Monitor blood pressure,
Amicar, epsilon fibrinolysis pulse, and respiratory
aminocaproic acid inhibitors status; overt bleeding every
15–30 min; neurologic
status; intake and output
ratios; and thromboembolic
complications during
therapy. Monitor platelet
count and clotting factors
prior to and periodically
throughout therapy in
patients with systemic
fibrinolysis.
Aminoglutethimide/ antineoplastics Monitor patient for changes
Cytadren adrenal in signs of Cushing's
suppressants syndrome; blood pressure
aromatase with patient recumbent and
Rev. 08/21/08
Allergic contact dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression.
Dizziness, somnolence,
sneezing, hypotension,
hiccups, nausea, vomiting,
flushing, hypocalcemia,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis, toxoderma,
erythema multiforma,
exfoliative dermatitis, chills.
Vertigo, ototoxicity (vestibular
and cochlear), nephrotoxicity,
enhanced neuromuscular
blockade, apnea,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Dizziness, headache,
arrhythmias, constipation,
nausea, vomiting,
hyperkalemia, hyponatremia,
muscle cramps, allergic
reactions.
Dizziness, malaise, nasal
stuffiness, tinnitus,
arrhythmias, hypotension (IV
only), anorexia, bloating,
cramping, diarrhea, nausea,
diuresis, renal failure,
myopathy.
Drowsiness, dizziness,
headache, weakness,
hypotension, tachycardia,
anorexia, nausea, hepatitis,
10
 inhibitors upright; CNS side effects;
measles-like rash and fever;
and during periods of stress
throughout therapy. Monitor
serum acid phosphatase
concentrations periodically
throughout therapy in
patients with prostatic
carcinoma.
Aminolevulinic acid/ photosensitizers Assess skin lesions prior to
Levulan Kerastick and periodically during
therapy.
Aminophylline/ bronchodilators Assess blood pressure,
Truphylline xanthines pulse, respiratory status;
intake and output ratios for
an increase in diuresis or
fluid overload; chest pain
and ECG changes; and
pulmonary function tests
before and periodically
during therapy. Monitor
ABGs, acid-base, and fluid
and electrolyte balance in
patients receiving parenteral
therapy or whenever
required by patient's
condition. Monitor drug
levels routinely.
Amiodarone/Cordaron antiarrhythmics Monitor ECG continuously;
e, Pacerone (class III) signs of pulmonary toxicity;
signs and symptoms of
ARDS; neurotoxicity;
Ophthalmic exams; and
thyroid dysfunction during
initial and throughout
therapy. Monitor liver and
thyroid functions; and AST,
ALT, and alkaline
phosphatase at regular
intervals before and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Amitriptyline/ Elavil antidepressants Assess fasting glucose and
tricyclic cholesterol levels in
antidepressants overweight/obese
individuals; obtain weight
and BMI initially and
periodically; blood pressure
and pulse; mental status;
intensity, quality, and
location of pain throughout
therapy. Assess leukocyte
and differential blood
counts, liver function, and
Rev. 08/21/08
vomiting, measles-like rash,
pruritus, urticaria, adrenal
insufficiency, hirsutism in
women, hypothyroidism,
masculinization in women,
agranulocytosis, leukopenia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, myalgia,
fever.
Burning, edema, pruritus,
stinging, oozing, scaling,
ulceration.
Seizures, anxiety, headache,
insomnia, irritability,
arrhythmias, tachycardia,
angina, palpitations, rash,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
tremor.
Dizziness, fatigue, malaise,
corneal microdeposits, adult
respiratory distress syndrome
(ARDS), pulmonary fibrosis,
pulmonary toxicity, CHF,
worsening of arrhythmias,
bradycardia, hypotension, liver
function abnormalities,
anorexia, constipation,
nausea, vomiting, toxic
epidermal necrolysis,
photosensitivity,
hypothyroidism,
hyperthyroidism, ataxia,
involuntary movement,
paresthesia, peripheral
neuropathy, poor coordination,
tremor.
Lethargy, sedation, blurred
vision, dry eyes, dry mouth,
arrhythmias, hypotension, ECG
changes, constipation,
hepatitis, paralytic ileus,
increased appetite, weight
gain, urinary retention, ↓
libido, photosensitivity,
changes in blood glucose,
gynecomastia, blood
dyscrasias.
11
 serum glucose before and
periodically during therapy.
Amlodipine/ Norvasc antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and
calcium channel pulse; intake and output
blockers ratios and daily weight;
CHF; location, duration,
intensity, and precipitating
factors of patient's anginal
pain before and periodically
during therapy.
Ammonium chloride electrolyte Assess patient for signs of
modifiers metabolic alkalosis; signs of
acidifying agents hepatic function
impairment; especially in
patients with uremia,
cirrhosis, or hepatitis.
Monitor serum bicarbonate
levels to determine dose.
Monitor patient for
symptoms of ammonia
toxicity.
Amobarbital/ Amytal sedative/hypnotics Monitor respiratory status,
barbiturates pulse, and blood pressure
frequently; and sleep
patterns before and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Amoxapine/ Asendin antidepressants Monitor mental status;
suicidal tendencies; BP and
pulse; onset of
extrapyramidal side effects;
tardive dyskinesia; and
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome before
and during initial therapy.
Monitor CBC and differential
during chronic therapy. In
chronic therapy, periodically
monitor hepatic and renal
function.
Amoxicillin/ Amoxil, anti-infectives Assess for infection;
DisperMox, Moxatag, antiulcer agents anaphylaxis; and bowel
Trimox, Wymox aminopenicillins function beginning of and
throughout therapy.
Amoxicillin/clavulanat anti-infectives Assess for infection;
e// aminopenicillins anaphylaxis; and bowel
Augmentin, beta lactamase function beginning of and
Augmentin inhibitors throughout therapy.
ES, Augmentin XR
Rev. 08/21/08
Headache, dizziness, fatigue,
peripheral edema, angina,
bradycardia, hypotension,
palpitations, gingival
hyperplasia, nausea, flushing.
Coma, confusion, drowsiness,
headache, seizure, rash,
hypokalemia, gastric irritation,
nausea, vomiting, metabolic
acidosis, pain/irritation at IV
site, ammonia toxicity,
twitching, hyperventilation.
Drowsiness, bronchospasm (IV
ONLY), laryngospasm (IV
ONLY), angioedema,
hypersensitivity reactions
including Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, fever.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, fatigue, sedation,
extrapyramidal reactions,
tardive dyskinesia, blurred
vision, dry eyes, dry mouth,
arrhythmias, hypotension, ECG
changes, constipation,
increased appetite, weight
gain, paralytic ileus, testicular
swelling, urinary retention,
photosensitivity, rash,
gynecomastia, sexual
dysfunction, blood dyscrasias,
fever.
Seizures, pseudomembranous
colitis, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, elevated liver
enzymes, rashes, urticaria,
blood dyscrasias, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, serum sickness,
superinfection.
Seizures, urticaria, rashes,
pseudomembranous colitis,
nausea, diarrhea, hepatic
dysfunction, vomiting, vaginal
candidiasis, blood dyscrasias,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, serum sickness,
superinfection.
12
Amoxapine/ Asendin antidepressants Monitor mental status,
suicidal tendencies, blood
pressure and pulse, onset of
extrapyramidal side effects,
tardive dyskinesia, and
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome before
and during therapy. Monitor
CBC and differential during
chronic therapy. In chronic
therapy, periodically monitor
hepatic and renal function.
Amphetamine central nervous Monitor blood pressure,
mixtures/ system stimulants pulse, and respiration;
Amphetamine Salt, behavior change; weight
Adderall, Adderall XR biweekly; and frequency of
narcoleptic episodes before
and periodically during
therapy. Assess attention
span, impulse control, motor
and vocal tics, and
interactions with others in
children with ADHDs.
Amphotericin B antifungals Assess injection site
deoxycholate / frequently for
Amphotec, Abelcet, thrombophlebitis or
AmBisome leakage; vital signs every 15
min during test dose and
every 30 min for 2–4 hr
after administration; intake
and output and weigh daily;
monitor patient closely
during test dose and the
first 1–2 hr of each dose for
fever, chills, headache,
anorexia, nausea, or
vomiting. Monitor CBC, BUN
and serum creatinine, and
potassium and magnesium
levels daily.
Ampicillin/Marcillin, anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
Omnipen, Penbritin, aminopenicillins anaphylaxis; and skin for
Principen, Polycillin, "ampicillin rash," a
Totacillin nonallergic, dull red,
macular or maculopapular,
mildly pruritic rash at
beginning of and throughout
therapy.
Ampicillin/sulbactam// anti-infectives Assess patient for infection
Unasyn aminopenicillins and anaphylaxis at
beta lactamase beginning of and throughout
inhibitors therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, fatigue, sedation,
extrapyramidal reactions,
tardive dyskinesia, blurred
vision, dry eyes, dry mouth,
arrhythmias, hypotension, ECG
changes, constipation,
increased appetite, weight
gain, paralytic ileus, testicular
swelling, urinary retention,
photosensitivity, rash,
gynecomastia, sexual
dysfunction, blood dyscrasias,
fever.
Hyperactivity, insomnia,
restlessness, tremor,
behavioral disturbances,
dizziness, hallucinations,
headache, mania, irritability,
thought disorder, palpitations,
tachycardia, cardiomyopathy,
hypertension, hypotension,
anorexia, constipation,
cramps, diarrhea, dry mouth,
metallic taste, nausea,
vomiting, erectile dysfunction,
increased libido, urticaria,
growth inhibition,
psychological dependence.
anxiety, confusion, headache,
insomnia, dyspnea, hypoxia,
wheezing, chest pain,
hypotension, tachycardia,
edema, hypertension,
diarrhea, hyperbilirubinemia,
liver enzyme elevation,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, nephrotoxicity,
hematuria, hyperglycemia,
hypocalcemia , hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
pruritis, rashes, phlebitis,
arthralgia, myalgia, chills,
fever, acute infusion reactions,
hypersensitivity reactions
Seizures, pseudomembranous
colitis, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, rashes, urticaria,
blood dyscrasias, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, serum sickness,
superinfection.
Seizures, diarrhea, nausea,
pseudomembranous colitis,
vomiting, rashes, urticaria,
blood dyscrasias, pain at IM
13

Amprenavir/Ageneras antiretrovirals Assess patient for change in
e protease inhibitors severity of HIV symptoms;
symptoms of opportunistic
infections; allergy to
sulfonamides; and skin
reactions throughout
therapy. Monitor viral load
and CD4 cell count regularly
during therapy.
Amyl nitrite antianginals Assess heart rate and blood
antidotes pressure; location, duration,
nitrates intensity, and cause of chest
pains; signs of cyanide
poisoning; and heart rate
before and periodically
throughout therapy and
administration.
Anagrelide/ Agrylin platelet reducing Monitor blood pressure,
agent cardiovascular status, signs
and symptoms of interstitial
lung diseases during
therapy. Monitor platelet
count every 2 days during
first wk of therapy and
weekly until maintenance
dose is reached.
Anakinra/ Kineret antirheumatics Assess patient's range of
(DMARD) motion and degree of
interleukin swelling and pain in affected
antagonists joints; signs and symptoms
of infection; and
hypersensitivity reactions
before and periodically
during therapy. Monitor
neutrophil count prior to and
during therapy, then
monthly for 3 mo and
quarterly thereafter for up
to 1 yr.
Anastrazole/ Arimidex antineoplastics Assess patient for pain and
aromatase other side effects
inhibitors periodically during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
site, pain at IV site, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, serum sickness,
superinfection, elevated liver
enzymes.
Depression/mood disorder,
diarrhea, nausea, taste
disorders, vomiting, rash,
hyperglycemia,
hyperlipidemia,
redistribution/accumulation of
body fat.
Headache, restlessness,
dizziness, fainting, weakness,
↑ intraocular pressure,
shortness of breath,
hypotension, tachycardia,
flushing, cyanosis of lips,
fingernails, or palms, nausea,
methemoglobinemia,
hemolytic anemia.
Seizures, dizziness, headache,
eosinophilic pneumonia,
interstitial pneumonitis,
pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary
hypertension, dyspnea,
cardiomegaly,
cardiomyopathy,
cerebrovascular accident,
complete heart block,
congestive heart failure, MI,
chest pain, edema,
palpitations, GI bleeding,
pancreatitis, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, flatulence, renal
failure, weakness.
Headache, diarrhea, nausea,
neutropenia, injection site
reactions, infections,
hypersensitivity reactions
(rare).
Headache, weakness,
dizziness, pharyngitis,
dyspnea, increased cough,
peripheral edema, nausea,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
constipation, diarrhea, dry
mouth, vomiting, pelvic pain,
14

Anidulafungin/ Eraxis antifungals Assess infected area and
echinocandins monitor cultures before and
periodically during therapy.
Anileridine/ Leritine opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
1 hr following IV
administration; level of
consciousness, blood
pressure, pulse, and
respirations; and bowel
function before and
periodically during therapy.
Anise (Anisi fructus)/ expectorant Assess the frequency and
anise seed, sweet nature of the cough, lung
cumin sounds, and amount and
type of sputum produced;
epigastric or abdominal
pain; and weight gain
associated with sodium and
water retention during
therapy.
Anistreplase/ thrombolytics Monitor vital signs, including
anisoylated plasminogen temperature, continuously
plasminogen– activators for myocardial infarction;
streptokinase bleeding every 15 min
activator complex, during the 1st hr of therapy,
APSAC, every 15–30 min during the
next 8 hr, and at least every
4 hr; hypersensitivity
reaction; inquire about
recent streptococcal
infection; and neurologic
status; ECG continuously;
intensity, character,
location, and radiation of
chest pain; heart sounds
and breath sounds
throughout therapy.
Hematocrit, hemoglobin,
platelet count, fibrin/fibrin
degradation product
(FDP/fdp) titer, fibrinogen
concentration, prothrombin
time, thrombin time, and
activated partial
thromboplastin time may be
evaluated before and
frequently during therapy.
Anthrax vaccine vaccines/immunizin Prior to administration,
(absorbed)/ BioThrax g agents assess patient's
Rev. 08/21/08
vaginal bleeding, vaginal
dryness, rash, including
mucocutaneous disorders,
sweating, weight gain, back
pain, bone pain, paresthesia,
angioedema, urticaria,
anaphylaxis, hot flashes, pain.
Dyspnea, hypotension,
diarrhea, ↑ liver enzymes,
flushing, rash, urticaria,
hypokalemia.
Dizziness, euphoria,
excitement, nervousness,
restlessness, disturbed vision,
respiratory depression,
constipation, dry mouth,
nausea, vomiting, flushing,
itching, sweating, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Seizures (toxic amounts of
essential oil), nausea,
vomiting, Pulmonary edema,
allergic reactions.
Intracranial hemorrhage,
epistaxis, gingival bleeding,
bronchospasm, hemoptysis,
reperfusion arrhythmias,
hypotension, recurrent
ischemia/thromboembolism,
GI bleeding, hepatotoxicity,
nausea, retroperitoneal
bleeding, vomiting, GU tract
bleeding, ecchymoses,
flushing, urticaria, bleeding,
hemorrhage at injection site,
phlebitis at injection site,
musculoskeletal pain, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever.
Headache, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, local reactions,
15
 immunization history for
possible vaccine sensitivities
and/or previous vaccine-
related adverse reactions to
determine if vaccine is
contraindicated; illness
(fever); history of latex
sensitivity; adverse
reactions throughout series
of vaccinations.
Antihemophilic factor/ hemostatic agents Monitor blood pressure,
Advate, AHF, blood products pulse, and respirations;
Alphanate, Bioclate, renewed bleeding every 15–
factor VIII, Helixate 30 min; intake and output
FS, Helixate NexGen, ratios; note color of urine;
Humate-P, HYATE:C, allergic reaction. Monitor
Koate-DVI, Kogenate, plasma factor VIII levels.
Kogenate FS,
Monoclate-P,
Recombinate, ReFacto
Aprepitant/ Emend antiemetics Assess nausea, vomiting,
neurokinin appetite, bowel sounds, and
antagonists abdominal pain; hydration,
nutritional status, and
intake and output prior to
and following
administration. Monitor
clotting status closely during
the 2 wk period, especially
at 7–10 days, following
aprepitant therapy in
patients on chronic warfarin
therapy.
Apomorphine/ Apokyn antiparkinson Assess for nausea and
agents vomiting; blood pressure
dopamine agonists standing and lying during
dose titration. Orthostatic
hypotension may occur any
time during therapy but
occurs more frequently
during initial therapy or with
a dose increase.
Aprotinin/ Trasylol hemostatic agents Monitor patient for
proteinase development of allergic
inhibitors reactions during therapy.
Usually causes elevations in
partial thromboplastin time
(PTT) and activated clotting
time (ACT).
Arbutamine/ GenESA diagnostic agents Monitor heart rate before
cardiac stress and after the procedure until
agents heart rate and blood
pressure have returned to
Rev. 08/21/08
myalgia, respiratory difficulty,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever, malaise.
Headache, lethargy, loss of
consciousness, sedation, visual
disturbances, chest tightness,
hypotension, tachycardia,
nausea, vomiting, flushing,
urticaria, intravascular
hemolysis, postoperative
hemorrhage, back pain,
paresthesia, allergic reactions,
hepatitis B, C, D, or HIV virus
infection, chills, fever,
jaundice, rigor.
Dizziness, fatigue, weakness,
diarrhea, hiccups.
Dizziness, hallucinations,
somnolence, confusion,
sudden drowsiness, headache,
rhinorrhea, cardiac arrest,
chest pain, hypotension,
angina, CHF, QTc prolongation,
nausea, vomiting, priapism,
pallor, flushing, sweating,
injection site pain, arthralgia,
back pain, limb pain,
aggravation of Parkinson's
disease, dyskinesia, yawning.
Renal tubular necrosis,
phlebitis, hypersensitivity
reactions including anaphylaxis
(incidence increases with
repeated use).
Anxiety, dizziness, fatigue,
headache, dyspnea,
arrhythmias, angina,
hypotension, palpitations,
16
 acceptable levels.
Ardeparin/ Normiflo anticoagulants Assess patient for signs of
antithrombotics bleeding and hemorrhage;
evidence of additional or
increased thrombosis;
hypersensitivity reactions;
and epidural catheters
frequently for signs and
symptoms of neurologic
impairment. Observe
injection sites for
hematomas, ecchymosis, or
inflammation. Monitor CBC,
platelet count, and stools for
occult blood periodically
throughout therapy.
Arformoterol/ Brovana bronchodilators Assess lung sounds, pulse,
adrenergics and blood pressure;
pulmonary function tests;
paradoxical bronchospasm
before administration and
during peak of medication.
Argatroban/ anticoagulants Monitor for signs of
Argatroban thrombin inhibitors anaphylaxis and vital signs
periodically during therapy.
Monitor aPTT prior to
initiation of continuous
infusion, 2 hours after
initiation of therapy, and
periodically during therapy
to confirm aPTT is within
desired therapeutic range.
Assess hemoglobin,
hematocrit, and platelet
count prior to, and
periodically during,
argatroban therapy.
Aripiprazole/ Abilify antipsychotics Assess patient's mental
mood stabilizers status; weight and BMI; BP,
dihydrocarbostyril pulse, and respiratory rate;
akathisia; extrapyramidal
side effects; tardive
dyskinesia; and
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome. Obtain
fasting blood glucose and
cholesterol levels initially
and periodically during
therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
vasodilation, altered taste, dry
mouth, flushing, sweating,
transient hypokalemia,
tremors, hypoesthesia,
paresthesia.
Dizziness, headache, insomnia,
edema, constipation, nausea,
reversible increase in liver
enzymes, vomiting, urinary
retention, ecchymoses,
pruritus, rash, urticaria,
bleeding, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, erythema
at injection site, hematoma,
irritation, pain, fever.
Headache, insomnia,
nervousness, weakness,
paradoxical bronchospasm,
ECG changes, tachycardia,
vomiting, rash, hypokalemia,
leukocytosis, cramps, tremor,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis, fever.
Hypotens, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, bleeding, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever.
drowsiness, extrapyramidal
reactions, constipation,
tremor, neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, bradycardia, chest
pain, edema, hypertension,
orthostatic hypotension,
tachycardia, blurred vision,
conjunctivitis, ear pain,
anorexia, ↑ salivation, nausea,
vomiting, weight loss,
hyperglycemia, anemia,
fatigue, hostility, insomnia,
lightheadedness, manic
reactions, confusion
17
Armodafinil/ Nuvigil central nervous Observe and document
system stimulants wakefulness and frequency
of narcoleptic episodes.
Monitor blood pressure
periodically during therapy.
Arnica/ leopard's anti-infectives Inspect skin for breaks prior
bane, to application; and after
mountain tobacco, application, assess the
mountain snuff, wolf's affected area for signs of
bane allergic response.
Arsenic trioxide/ antineoplastics Assess patient for APL
Trisenox heavy metals differentiation syndrome;
ECG prior to initiation of
therapy and weekly or more
frequently for clinically
unstable patients during
induction or consolidation
phase; and vital signs
periodically throughout
therapy. Monitor electrolyte,
hematologic, and
coagulation profiles at least
twice weekly and more
frequently for clinically
unstable patients during
induction phase and at least
weekly during consolidation
phase.
Ascorbic vitamins Assess for signs of vitamin C
acid/Ascorbicap, water soluble deficiency before and during
Cebid, Cecon, Cecore- vitamins therapy.
500, Cemill, Cenolate,
Cetane, Cevalin, Cevi-
Bid, Flavorcee, Mega-
C/A
Plus, Ortho/CS,
Sunkist
Asparaginase/ Elspar antineoplastics Monitor vital signs; intake
enzymes and output; hypersensitivity
reaction; nausea, vomiting,
and appetite; weigh weekly;
and neurologic status before
and frequently during
therapy. Monitor CBC and
blood glucose before and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
Dizziness, headache, insomnia,
anxiety , psychiatric reactions,
↑ blood pressure, nausea, dry
mouth, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, rash, multi-organ
hypersensitivity, allergic
reactions including
anaphylactoid reactions and
angioedema.
Edematous dermatitis with
pustules (chronic treatment of
damaged skin), eczema
(prolonged use), local allergic
reactions.
Fatigue, headache, insomnia,
weakness, hypoxia, dyspnea,
pleural effusion, QT
prolongation, complete AV
block, atrial arrhythmias,
abdominal pain, constipation,
increase liver enzymes, renal
failure, dermatitis,
hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia,
acidosis, hypocalcemia,
hyperkalemia, hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia,
neutropenia, APL
differentiation syndrome,
disseminated intravascular
coagulation,
thrombocytopenia,
hyperleukocytosis, anemia,
leukocytosis, back pain,
arthralgia, bone pain, neck
pain, limb pain, myalgia,
allergic reactions, fever,
infection/sepsis.
Drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, cramps, diarrhea,
heartburn, nausea, vomiting,
kidney stones, flushing, deep
vein thrombosis, hemolysis,
sickle cell crisis, pain at subcut
or IM sites.
Seizures, agitation, coma,
confusion, depression,
dizziness, fatigue,
hallucinations, headache,
irritability, somnolence,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
cramps, hepatotoxicity,
pancreatitis, weight loss,
rashes, urticaria,
hyperglycemia, coagulation
abnormalities, transient bone
marrow depression,
18

Aspirin/acetylsalicylic antipyretics Assess pain and limitation of
Acid, nonopioid movement; note type,
analgesics location, and intensity
salicylates before and at the peak after
administration. Assess fever
and note associated signs.
Monitor hepatic function
before antirheumatic
therapy. Monitor for the
onset of tinnitus, headache,
hyperventilation, agitation,
mental confusion, lethargy,
diarrhea, and sweating.
Atazanavir/ Reyataz antiretrovirals Assess for change in
protease inhibitors severity of HIV symptoms
and for symptoms of
opportunistic infections
throughout therapy. Assess
for rash which can occur
within initial 8 wk of
therapy. Usually resolves
within 2 weeks without
altering therapy. Monitor
viral load and CD4 cell count
regularly during therapy.
Atenolol/ Tenormin antianginals Monitor blood pressure,
antihypertensives ECG, and pulse; intake and
beta blockers output ratios and daily
weights; and CHF frequently
during dosage adjustment
period and periodically
throughout therapy.
Atomoxetine/Strattera agents for attention Assess attention span,
deficit disorder impulse control, and
selective interactions with others.
norepinephrine Monitor blood pressure and
reuptake inhibitors pulse; growth, body height,
and weight in children; signs
of liver injury; and behavior
change during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
hyperammonemia,
hyperuricemia,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anayphylaxis.
Tinnitus, GI bleeding,
dyspepsia, epigastric distress,
nausea, abdominal pain,
anorexia, hepatotoxicity,
vomiting, anemia, hemolysis,
rash, urticaria, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and laryngeal edema.
Headache, depression,
dizziness, insomnia, ↑ PR
interval, heart block, nausea,
abdominal pain, ↑bilirubin,
cholelithiasis, diarrhea,
jaundice, vomiting, ↑
transaminases, rash.
Hyperglycemia, fat
redistribution, myalgia, fever.
Fatigue, weakness, anxiety,
depression, dizziness,
drowsiness, insomnia, memory
loss, mental status changes,
nervousness, nightmares,
blurred vision, stuffy nose,
bronchospasm, wheezing,
bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary
edema, hypotension,
peripheral vasoconstriction,
constipation, diarrhea, liver
function abnormalities,
nausea, vomiting, erectile
dysfunction, decreased libido,
urinary frequency, rashes,
hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia,
arthralgia, back pain, joint
pain, drug-induced lupus
syndrome.
Suicidal thoughts, dizziness,
fatigue, mood swings,
behavioral disturbances,
hallucinations, mania, thought
disorder, Adults—insomnia,
hypertension, orthostatic
hypotension, tachycardia,
dyspepsia, severe liver injury
(rare), nausea, vomiting,
Adults—dry mouth,
19

Atorvastatin/ Lipitor lipid-lowering Obtain a diet history,
agents especially with regard to fat
hmg coa reductase consumption. Evaluate
inhibitors serum cholesterol and
triglyceride levels before
initiating, after 2–4 wk of
therapy, and periodically
thereafter. Monitor liver
function tests, including
AST, prior to, at 12 wk after
initiation of therapy, or after
dose elevation, and then
every 6 mo. If patient
develops muscle tenderness
during therapy, CPK levels
should be monitored.
Atovaquone/ Mepron Antiprotozoals Assess patient for signs of
PCP at beginning of and
throughout therapy. Monitor
hematologic and hepatic
functions.
Atracurium/ Tracrium neuromuscular Assess respiratory status
blocking agents continuously; ECG, heart
nondepolarizing rate, and blood pressure;
residual muscle weakness
and respiratory distress
throughout therapy.
Neuromuscular response
should be monitored with a
peripheral nerve stimulator
intraoperatively.
Atropine/ Atro-Pen antiarrhythmics Assess vital signs and ECG
anticholinergics tracings; intake and output
antimuscarinics ratios in elderly or surgical
patients; abdominal
distention and auscultate for
bowel sounds during
therapy.
Attapulgite/Children's antidiarrheals Assess the frequency and
Kaopectate, Fowler's adsorbents consistency of stools and
Anti-Diarrhea Tablets, bowel sounds before and
Fowler's attapulgite throughout course of
oral suspension, therapy. Assess fluid and
Kaopectate, electrolyte balance and skin
Kaopectate Extra turgor for dehydration.
Strength
Rev. 08/21/08
constipation, rash, urticaria,
Adults—dysmenorrhea,
ejaculatory problems, ↓ libido,
erectile dysfunction, urinary
hesitation, urinary retention,
decreased appetite,
weight/growth loss, allergic
reactions including
angioneurotic edema.
Dizziness, headache, insomnia,
weakness, rhinitis, bronchitis,
chest pain, peripheral edema,
abdominal cramps,
constipation, diarrhea, flatus,
heartburn, altered taste, drug-
induced hepatitis, dyspepsia,
elevated liver enzymes,
nausea, pancreatitis, erectile
dysfunction, rashes, pruritus,
rhabdomyolysis, arthralgia,
arthritis, myalgia, myositis,
hypersensitivity reaction
including angioneurotic edema.
Headache, insomnia, cough,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
rash, fever.
Bronchospasm, hypotension
tachycardia skin flushing,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Drowsiness, confusion,
hyperpyrexia, blurred vision,
cycloplegia, photophobia, dry
eyes, mydriasis, tachycardia,
palpitations, arrhythmias, dry
mouth, constipation, impaired
GI motility, urinary hesitancy,
retention, impotency,
tachypnea, pulmonary edema,
flushing, decreased sweating.
Constipation
20
Auranofin/ Ridaura antirheumatics Assess patient's range of
(DMARDs) motion and degree of
gold compounds swelling and pain in affected
joints before and
periodically throughout
therapy. Assess patient's
range of motion and degree
of swelling and pain in
affected joints before and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Aurothioglucose/Solga antirheumatics Assess patient's range of
nol (DMARDs) motion and degree of
gold compounds swelling and pain in affected
joints before and
periodically throughout
therapy. Monitor patient for
nitritoid reaction that may
occur immediately to 10 min
after injection. Monitor
renal, hepatic, and
hematologic function and
urinalysis before and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor CBC and platelets
before every other injection
or every 2–4 wk.
Azacitidine/ Vidaza antineoplastics Monitor for bone marrow
nucleoside depression; bleeding;
analogues nausea and vomiting;
fatigue, dyspnea, and
orthostatic hypotension; and
signs of anaphylaxis during
therapy. Monitor CBC with
differential and platelet
count prior to each dosing
cycle.
Azatadine/ Optimine allergy, cold and Assess allergy symptoms;
cough remedies lung sounds and character
antihistamines of bronchial secretions prior
to and periodically
throughout therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
Peripheral neuropathy,
conjunctivitis, corneal gold
deposition, proteinuria,,
hematuria, bronchitis,
pulmonary fibrosis,
pneumonitis, bradycardia, GI
bleeding, abdominal pain,
cramping, diarrhea, gingivitis,
glossitis, metallic taste,
stomatitis, anorexia, difficulty
swallowing, ↑ liver enzymes,
dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea,
vomiting, dermatitis, rash,
alopecia, urticaria,
photosensitivity reactions,
pruritus, agranulocytosis,
aplastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
eosinophilia, leucopenia,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, angioedema.
Dizziness, headache,
neuropathy, syncope, corneal
gold deposition, corneal
ulcerations, pneumonitis,
bradycardia, abdominal pain,
cramping, diarrhea, metallic
taste, stomatitis, anorexia,
difficulty swallowing, drug-
induced hepatitis, dyspepsia,
flatulence, nausea, vomiting,
dermatitis, rash,
photosensitivity reactions,
pruritus, agranulocytosis,
aplastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia,
eosinophilia, leucopenia,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, angioneurotic
edema, nitritoid reactions.
Fatigue, hepatotoxicity,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, nephrotoxicity, renal
tubular acidosis, ecchymosis,
hypokalemia, anemia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, injection
site erythema, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever.
Dizziness, sedation, tinnitus,
thickened bronchial secretions,
hypertension, epigastric
distress, vomiting, early
menses, urinary hesitancy,
urinary retention, sweating,
anemia, thrombocytopenia.
21
Azathioprine/ Azasan, immunosuppressan Assess for infection: vital
Imuran ts signs, sputum, urine, stool,
purine antagonists WBC; intake and output and
daily weight; range of
motion; degree of swelling,
pain, and strength in
affected joints; and ability
to perform activities of daily
living before and periodically
during therapy. Monitor
renal, hepatic, and
hematologic functions
before beginning therapy,
weekly during the 1st mo,
bimonthly for the next 2–3
mo, and monthly thereafter.
Azelastine/ Astelin allergy, cold and Assess allergy symptoms,
cough remedies lung sounds and character
antihistamines of bronchial secretions
before and periodically
throughout therapy.
Azithromycin/ Zmax, agents atypical Assess patient for infection;
Zithromax mycobacterium signs and symptoms of
anti-infectives anaphylaxis beginning of
macrolides and throughout therapy.
Aztreonam/ Azactam anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
monobactams determine previous use of
and reactions to penicillins
and cephalosporins; signs
and symptoms of
anaphylaxis at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Baclofen Anti-spasticity Assess muscle spasticity
agents before and periodically
during therapy. Observe
patient for drowsiness,
dizziness, or ataxia. May
be alleviated by a change
Rev. 08/21/08
Retinopathy, pulmonary
edema, anorexia,
hepatotoxicity, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea, mucositis,
pancreatitis, alopecia, rash,
anemia, leukopenia,
pancytopenia,
thrombocytopenia, arthralgia,
serum sickness, chills, fever,
Raynaud's phenomenon,
retinopathy.
Drowsiness, dizziness,
dysesthesia, fatigue,
headache, epistaxis, nasal
burning, pharyngitis, sinusitis,
sneezing, bitter taste, dry
mouth, nausea, weight gain,
myalgia.
Dizziness, seizures,
drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
chest pain, hypotension,
palpitations, QT prolongation
(rare), pseudomembranous
colitis, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, nausea, cholestatic
jaundice, elevated liver
enzymes, dyspepsia,
flatulence, melena, oral
candidiasis, nephritis,
vaginitis, anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
photosensitivity, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome, rashes,
ototoxicity, hyperkalemia,
angioedema.
Seizures, pseudomembranous
colitis, altered taste, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, rash, pain at
IM site, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Common Side Effects
Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue,
weakness, nausea.
22
 in dose.

Balsalazide gastrointestinal Assess abdominal pain and Hepatotoxicity, abdominal

anti-inflammatories frequency, quantity, and
consistency of stools at the
beginning of and throughout
therapy. Assess patient for
allergy to Salicylates. May
cause elevated AST, ALT,
serum alkaline phosphatase,
gamma glutamyl
transpepsidase (GGT), LDH,
and bilirubin.
Basiliximab immunosuppressan Monitor for signs of
ts anaphylactic or
hypersensitivity
reactions and infection
prior to and during
therapy.
Beclomethasone Anti-inflammatories Monitor respiratory status
steroidal and lung sounds. Pulmonary
corticosteroids function tests may be
assessed periodically during
and for several months
following a transfer from
systemic to inhalation
corticosteroids. Assess
patients changing from
systemic corticosteroids to
inhalation corticosteroids for
signs of adrenal
insufficiency; and
withdrawal symptoms
during therapy. Periodic
adrenal function tests may
be ordered to assess degree
of hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
therapy.
Beclomethasone anti inflammatories Monitor degree of nasal
(nasal) steroidal stuffiness, amount and color
corticosteroids of nasal discharge, and
frequency of sneezing.
Patients on long-term
therapy should have
periodic otolaryngologic
pain, diarrhea.
Heart failure, hypersensitivity
reactions including
anaphylaxis, dizziness,
headache, insomnia,
weakness, coughing, edema,
hypertension, abdominal pain,
constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, moniliasis, nausea,
vomiting, acne, wound
complications, hyperglycemia,
hypoglycemia, acidosis,
hypercholesterolemia,
hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia,
hypophosphatemia, back pain,
leg pain, tremor, infection,
weight gain.
Headache, cataracts,
dysphonia, oropharyngeal
fungal infections, pharyngitis,
rhinitis, sinusitis,
bronchospasm, cough,
wheezing, adrenal
suppression, decreased growth
(children), back pain.
Dizziness, headache, epistaxis,
nasal irritation, nasal
stuffiness, rhinorrhea,
sneezing, tearing eyes,
nausea, adrenal suppression
(increased dose, long-term
therapy only), decreased

23
Rev. 08/21/08
 examinations to monitor
nasal mucosa and passages
for infection or ulceration.
Growth rate in children
receiving chronic therapy.
Periodic adrenal function
tests may be ordered to
assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
therapy.
Benazepril/Lotensin antihypertensives Monitor BP, pulse, and signs
ace inhibitors of angioedema. Monitor
renal function.
Bendamustine anti-neoplastics Monitor for bone marrow
depression, bleeding,
symptoms of infusion
reactions, tumor lysis
syndrome, skin reactions,
intake and output, appetite,
and nutritional intake,
nausea and vomiting prior
to and throughout therapy.
Monitor CBC with differential
and platelet count before
and during therapy. Monitor
blood chemistry, especially
serum potassium and uric
acid before and periodically
during therapy.
Benzocaine anesthetics topical Assess type, location, and
local intensity of pain before and
a few minutes after
administration of anesthetic.
Assess integrity of involved
skin and mucous
membranes before and
periodically throughout
course of therapy.
Benzonatate/ Tessalon allergy, cold and Assess frequency and nature
cough remedies of cough, lung sounds, and
antitussives amount and type of sputum
(local anesthetic) produced.
Benztropine anti-parkinson Assess parkinsonian and
agents extrapyramidal symptoms;
bowel function;
constipation, abdominal
pain, distention, or absence
of bowel sounds; intake and
output ratios; urinary
Rev. 08/21/08
growth (children).
Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue,
headache, cough, hypotension,
nausea, impaired renal
function, rashes,
hyperkalemia, and
angioedema.
Fatigue, weakness, cough,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
skin reactions, anemia,
leucopenia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hyperuricemia, tumor lysis
syndrome, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis, fever,
infusion reactions.
Allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Mucosal use—decreased or
absent gag reflex.
Topical use—burning, edema,
irritation, stinging, tenderness,
urticaria.
Headache, mild dizziness,
sedation, burning sensation in
eyes, nasal congestion,
constipation, GI upset,
nausea, pruritus, skin
eruptions, chest numbness,
chilly sensation,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Confusion, depression,
dizziness, hallucinations,
headache, sedation, weakness,
blurred vision, dry eyes,
mydriasis, arrhythmias,
hypotension, palpitations,
tachycardia, constipation, dry
24
 retention; and patients with
mental illness before and
throughout therapy. Monitor
pulse and blood pressure
closely and maintain bedrest
for 1 hr after administration.
Beractant anti rds agents Monitor ECG, heart rate,
pulmonary color, chest expansion,
surfactants facial expression,
transcutaneous oxygen
saturation, and endotracheal
tube patency continuously
during dosing. Continuous
bedside monitoring should
continue for at least 30 min
after dosing. Monitor ABGs
frequently to prevent
hyperoxia or hypocarbia.
Betamethasone Anti-inflammatories Assess patient for signs of
(systemic) steroidal adrenal insufficiency, intake
corticosteroids and output ratios and daily
weights, peripheral edema,
steady weight gain,
rales/crackles, or dyspnea
before and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
serum electrolytes and
glucose. Periodic adrenal
function tests may be
ordered to assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal axis suppression in
systemic and chronic topical
therapy.
Betamethasone Anti-inflammatories Assess affected skin before
(topical) steroidal and daily during therapy.
corticosteroids Note degree of inflammation
and pruritus. Periodic
adrenal function tests may
be ordered to assess degree
of hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
topical therapy if suspected.
Betaxolol antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure,
beta blockers ECG, and pulse, intake and
output ratios and daily
weights, signs and
symptoms of congestive
heart failure, frequency and
characteristics of angina
before and periodically
during therapy.
Bethanechol urinary tract Monitor blood pressure,
stimulant pulse, and respirations
cholinergics before administering and for
at least 1 hr after subcut
Rev. 08/21/08
mouth, ileus, nausea,
hesitancy, urinary retention,
decreased sweating.
Oxygen desaturation and
transient bradycardia.
Depression, euphoria,
hypertension, peptic
ulceration, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, acne, decreased
wound healing, ecchymoses,
fragility, hirsutism, petechiae,
adrenal suppression, fluid
retention, hypokalemia,
hypokalemic alkalosis,
thromboembolism,
thrombophlebitis, weight gain,
weight loss, muscle wasting,
osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis
of joints, muscle pain,
cushingoid appearance,
increased susceptibility to
infection.
Allergic contact dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression
Fatigue, weakness, erectile
dysfunction, bradycardia, CHF,
pulmonary edema, anxiety,
depression, back pain, joint
pain, dizziness, constipation,
diarrhea, liver function
abnormalities, drug-induced
lupus syndrome, rashes,
insomnia, wheezing.
Headache, miosis, urgency,
lacrimation, bronchospasm,
heart block, flushing,
sweating, vomiting,
25
 administration. Monitor
intake and output ratios.
Palpate abdomen for
bladder distention.
Bevacizumab antineoplastics Assess for signs of GI
monoclonal perforation, fistula
antibodies formation, wound
dehiscence, signs of
hemorrhage, signs of CHF,
thromboembolic events,
infusion reactions, and signs
of RPLS before and during
therapy. Monitor BP every
2–3 wk during therapy.
Monitor serial urinalysis for
proteinuria during therapy.
Bicalutamide antineoplastics Assess patient for adverse
antiandrogens GI effects. Diarrhea is the
most common cause of
discontinuation of therapy.
Monitor serum prostate-
specific antigen (PSA)
periodically to determine
response to therapy.
Monitor liver function tests
before and periodically
during therapy.
Bimatoprost (lash, hair regrowth Monitor intraocular pressure
ophthalmic) stimulants in patients with a history of
prostaglandins increased intraocular
pressure or who are using
prostaglandin analogs for
intraocular pressure
reduction concurrently.
Biperiden/ Akineton antiparkinson Assess parkinsonian and
agents extrapyramidal symptoms;
anticholinergics bowel function; intake and
output ratios and assess
patient for urinary
retention; pulse and blood
pressure; and mental illness
are at risk of developing
exaggerated symptoms of
their disorder during
therapy.
Bisacodyl stimulant laxatives; Assess patient for abdominal
laxative distention, presence of
bowel sounds, and normal
pattern of bowel function;
color, consistency, and
amount of stool produced
Bismuth subsalicylate/ antidiarrheals Assess the frequency and
Bismatrol, Bismed, antiulcer agents consistency of stools and
Kaopectate, adsorbents bowel sounds before and
Kapectolin, Kao-Tin, throughout course of
K-Pek, Peptic Relief, therapy. Assess fluid and
Pepto-Bismol, Pink electrolyte balance and skin
Rev. 08/21/08
syncope/cardiac arrest,
bradycardia, abdominal
discomfort, diarrhea, nausea,
salivation.
Reversible posterior
leukoencephalopathy
syndrome (RPLS), arterial
thromboembolic events, CHF,
hypertension, hypotension,
hemoptysis, non-
gastrointestinal fistulas, nasal
septum perforation, GI
perforation, nephrotic
syndrome, proteinuria,
bleeding, wound dehiscence,
impaired wound healing,
infusion reactions.
Weakness, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, nocturia,
urinary tract infections,
alopecia, rashes, sweating,
breast pain, gynecomastia,
anemia, hyperglycemia,
weight loss, back pain, pelvic
pain, bone pain, paresthesia,
generalized pain, hot flashes,
flu-like syndrome, infection.
Conjunctival hyperemia, eye
pruritus, hyperpigmentation of
eyelids, macular edema,
permanent pigmentation of the
iris.
Confusion, depression,
dizziness, hallucinations,
headache, sedation, weakness,
blurred vision, dry eyes,
mydriasis, arrhythmias,
hypotension, palpitations,
tachycardia, constipation, dry
mouth, ileus, nausea,
hesitancy, urinary retention,
decreased sweating.
abdominal cramps, nausea,
Constipation, gray-black
stools, impaction (infants,
debilitated patients).
26
Bismuth turgor for dehydration.
Assess for epigastric or
abdominal pain and frank or
occult blood in the stool,
emesis, or gastric aspirate.
Bisoprolol antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure, Fatigue, weakness,
beta blockers ECG, and pulse, intake and bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary
output ratios and daily edema, erectile dysfunction,
weights, for signs and decreased libido, urinary
symptoms of CHF frequently frequency, rashes,
during dosage adjustment hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia,
period and periodically arthralgia, back pain, joint
throughout therapy. pain, drug-induced lupus
syndrome.
Bitolterol/ Tornalate bronchodilators Assess lung sounds, pulse, Nervousness, restlessness,
adrenergics and blood pressure; tremor, headache, insomnia,
pulmonary function tests; light-headedness, paradoxical
paradoxical bronchospasm bronchospasm, chest pain,
before administration and palpatations, tachycardia,
during peak of medication. arrhythmias, hypertension,
Observe patient for drug nausea, vomiting,
tolerance and rebound hyperglycemia, hypokalemia,
bronchospasm. Symptoms tremor.
of overdose include
persistent agitation, chest
pain or discomfort,
decreased blood pressure,
dizziness, hyperglycemia,
hypokalemia, seizures,
tachyarrhythmias, persistent
trembling, and vomiting.
Bivalirudin anticoagulants Assess for bleeding and vital Headache, anxiety, insomnia,
thrombin inhibitors signs before, during, and nervousness, hypotension,
throughout therapy. Assess bradycardia, hypertension,
hemoglobin, hematocrit, nausea, abdominal pain,
and platelet count prior to dyspepsia, vomiting, bleeding,
bivalirudin therapy and injection site pain, back pain,
periodically during therapy. pain, fever, pelvic pain.
Monitor ACT periodically in
patients with renal
dysfunction.
Black cohosh Assess frequency and Seizures, headache, dizziness,
severity of menopausal GI upset, rash, weight gain,
symptoms; blood cramping.
pressure; nausea and
vomiting; history of
seizures, liver disease, and
alcohol intake; irregular
periods for pregnancy prior
to taking this drug because
large doses of black cohosh
may induce a miscarriage.
Bleomycin antineoplastics Assess for fever and chills. Aggressive behavior,
antitumor May occur 3–6 hr after disorientation, weakness,
antibiotics administration and last 4–12 pulmonary fibrosis,
hr. Monitor vital signs, pneumonitis, hypotension,
anaphylactic and peripheral vasoconstriction,
idiosyncratic reactions, anorexia, nausea, stomatitis,

27
Rev. 08/21/08
 respiratory status for vomiting, hyperpigmentation,
dyspnea and rales/crackles, mucocutaneous toxicity,
nausea, vomiting, and alopecia, erythema, rashes,
appetite, and weigh weekly urticaria, vesiculation, anemia,
before and frequently during leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
therapy. Monitor CBC before pain at tumor site, phlebitis at
and periodically during IV site, weight loss,
therapy. Monitor baseline anaphylactoid reactions, chills,
and periodic renal and fever.
hepatic function.
Bortezomib anti-neoplastics Monitor vital signs Fatigue, malaise, weakness,
proteasome frequently, GI adverse dizziness, syncope, blurred
inhibitors effects, signs and symptoms vision, diplopia, hypotension,
of tumor lysis syndrome CHF, pneumonia, anorexia,
before and during therapy. constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
Monitor CBC and platelet vomiting, bleeding, anemia,
count frequently during neutropenia,
therapy. Monitor blood thrombocytopenia, peripheral
glucose levels closely in neuropathy, fever, tumor lysis
patients taking oral syndrome.
hypoglycemic agents; may
require adjustment of
antidiabetic agent dose
Bosentan Vasodilators Assess for signs and Headache, fatigue,
endothelin receptor symptoms of primary nasopharyngitis, edema,
antagonists pulmonary hypertension hypotension, palpitations,
prior to and periodically hepatotoxicity, dyspepsia,
during therapy. Monitor flushing, pruritus, anemia.
serum AST, ALT, and
bilirubin prior to and
monthly during treatment. If
AST and ALT are ↑ >3 and
<=5 times the upper limit of
normal, confirm level with a
second test. If confirmed,
reduce dose or interrupt
therapy and monitor AST
and ALT every 2 wk. Once
AST and ALT return to
normal levels, reintroduce
therapy at starting dose and
recheck AST and ALT levels
within 3 days. If AST and
ALT levels are >8 times the
upper limit of normal if
clinical symptoms of liver
injury occur, or if bilirubin
levels are >= 2 times the
upper limit of normal,
discontinue therapy
permanently. Monitor
hemoglobin and hematocrit
levels 1 and 3 mo after
initiation of therapy and
every 3 mo thereafter.
Botulism immune vaccines/immunizin Monitor vital signs Rash and infusion reactions.
globulin/BabyBIG g agents continuously during
immune globulins infusion. Monitor urine

28
Rev. 08/21/08
 output and signs of aseptic
meningitis syndrome (AMS)
during therapy.
Brompheniramine/ allergy, cold and Assess allergy symptoms, Drowsiness, sedation,
Bromfenac, Dimetapp cough remedies lung sounds and character dizziness, excitation (in
Allergy, Nasahist B antihistamines of bronchial secretions; children), blurred vision,
symptoms of allergic hypertension, arrhythmias,
transfusion reaction or hypotension, palpitations, dry
anaphylaxis; sweating, mouth, constipation,
hypotension, dizziness, obstruction, retention, urinary
drowsiness, or hesitancy, sweating,
hypersensitivity reactions hypersensitivity reaction (IV
before and periodically use).
during therapy.
Bromocriptine anti-parkinson Assess patient for allergy to Dizziness, confusion,
agents ergot derivatives. Monitor drowsiness, hallucinations,
dopamine agonists blood pressure, restlessness headache, insomnia,
or desire to keep moving, nightmares, burning eyes,
rigidity, tremors, pill rolling, nasal stuffiness, visual
masklike face, shuffling gait, disturbances, effusions,
muscle spasms, twisting pulmonary infiltrates, MI,
motions, difficulty speaking hypotension, nausea,
or swallowing, loss of abdominal pain, anorexia, dry
balance control, fever, mouth, metallic taste,
respiratory distress, vomiting, urticaria, leg
tachycardia, convulsions, cramps, digital vasospasm
diaphoresis, hypertension, (acromegaly only).
hypotension, pallor,
tiredness before and
throughout therapy.
Physical examination
including ring size, heel pad
thickness, and soft-tissue
volume should be assessed
throughout therapy.
Measure serum prolactin
concentrations and anterior
pituitary function before
female infertility therapy.
Monitor serum growth
hormone and insulin-like
growth factor (IGF-I)
concentrations periodically
during acromegaly therapy.
Measure serum prolactin
concentrations monthly
during initial therapy and
twice yearly during
maintenance therapy to
determine effectiveness of
hyperprolactinemia therapy.
Budesonide anti inflammatories Monitor respiratory status Headache, rash, otitis media,
steroidal and lung sounds. Pulmonary dysphonia, epistaxis,
corticosteroids function tests may be oropharyngeal fungal
assessed periodically during infections, pharyngitis, rhinitis,
and for several months sinusitis, bronchospasm,
following a transfer from cough, abdominal pain,
systemic to inhalation diarrhea, dyspepsia,

29
Rev. 08/21/08
 corticosteroids. Assess
patients changing from
systemic corticosteroids to
inhalation corticosteroids for
signs of adrenal insufficiency
during initial therapy and
periods of stress. Monitor
for withdrawal symptoms
during withdrawal from oral
corticosteroids. Monitor
growth rates in children
receiving chronic therapy.
Budesonide (nasal) anti inflammatories Monitor degree of nasal
steroidal stuffiness, amount and color
corticosteroids of nasal discharge, and
frequency of sneezing.
Patients on long-term
therapy should have
periodic otolaryngologic
examinations to monitor
nasal mucosa and passages
for infection or ulceration.
Monitor growth rate in
children receiving chronic
therapy.
Budesonide (oral) gastroinestinal anti Assess signs of Crohn's
inflammatories disease (diarrhea, crampy
corticosteroids abdominal pain, fever,
bleeding from rectum)
during therapy.
Bumetanide diuretics Assess fluid status, blood
loop diuretics pressure and pulse, tinnitus
and hearing loss, allergy to
sulfonamides before and
during therapy. Monitor
daily weight, intake and
output ratios, amount and
location of edema, lung
sounds, skin turgor, and
mucous membranes. Assess
patients receiving digoxin
for anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, and confusion ↑
risk of digoxin toxicity due
to potassium-depleting
effect of diuretic. Diuretic
use is associated with
increased risk for falls in
older adults. Monitor
electrolytes, renal and
hepatic function, serum
Rev. 08/21/08
gastroenteritis, nausea,
vomiting, adrenal suppression
(high dose, long-term therapy
only), decreased growth
(children), weight gain, back
pain, flu-like syndrome.
Epistaxis, nasal burning, nasal
irritation, nasopharyngeal
fungal infection, pharyngitis,
sneezing, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, adrenal
suppression (increased dose,
long-term therapy only),
decreased growth (children),
bronchospasm, cough.
Headache, easy bruising, acne,
nausea, eczema, flushing,
increased sweating, striae,
adrenal suppression,
hypokalemia, leukocytosis,
weight gain, hyperkinesia,
paresthesia, tremor, back
pain, cramps, increased
arthritis, myalgia, infection,
cushingoid appearance, flu-like
syndrome.
Dizziness, encephalopathy,
headache, hearing loss,
tinnitus, hypotension,
diarrhea, dry mouth, nausea,
vomiting, excessive urination,
photosensitivity, pruritis, rash,
hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia,
dehydration, hypocalcemia,
hypochloremia, hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia,
hyponatremia, hypovolemia,
metabolic alkalosis, arthralgia,
muscle cramps, myalgia,
increased BUN.
30
 glucose, and uric acid levels
before and periodically
during therapy.
Bupivacaine epidural local Assess for systemic toxicity,
anesthetics BP, HR, and respiratory rate
anesthetics topical continuously while patient is
local receiving this medication.
Monitor for return of
sensation after procedure.
Buprenorphine opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
opioid agonists intensity of pain before and
antagonists 1 hr after IM and 5 min
(peak) after IV
administration. Assess level
of consciousness, blood
pressure, pulse, and
respirations, previous
analgesic history, signs and
symptoms of opioid
withdrawal before and
during therapy. Monitor liver
function tests prior to and
periodically during therapy
for opioid dependence.
Bupropion antidepressants Monitor mood changes,
smoking deterrents mental status and mood
aminoketones changes during initial few
months of therapy and
during dose changes.
Monitor hepatic and renal
function closely in patients
with kidney or liver
impairment to prevent ↑
serum and tissue bupropion
concentrations.
Busulfan/ Busulfex, antineoplastics Monitor for bone marrow
Myleran alkylating agents depression; bleeding; signs
of infection; fatigue,
dyspnea, and orthostatic
hypotension; intake and
output ratios and daily
weights; symptoms of gout;
pulmonary fibrosis
periodically during and after
therapy. Monitor CBC with
differential and platelet
count before and weekly
during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
Seizures, anxiety, dizziness,
headache, irritability, blurred
vision, tinnitus, cardiovascular
collapse, arrhythmias,
bradycardia, hypotension,
nausea, vomiting, urinary
retention, pruritus, metabolic
acidosis, circumoral tingling/
numbness, tremor, allergic
reactions, fever.
Confusion, dysphoria,
hallucinations, sedation,
dizziness, euphoria, floating
feeling, headache, unusual
dreams, blurred vision,
diplopia, miosis (high doses),
respiratory depression,
hypertension, hypotension,
palpitations, nausea,
constipation, dry mouth, ileus,
vomiting, urinary retention,
sweating, clammy feeling,
physical dependence,
psychological dependence,
tolerance.
Seizures, suicidal thoughts,
agitation, headache, insomnia,
mania, psychoses, dry mouth,
nausea, vomiting, change in
appetite, weight gain, weight
loss, photosensitivity,
hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia,
syndrome of inappropriate
ADH secretion, tremor.
Seizures, cerebral
hemorrhage/ coma, anxiety,
confusion, depression,
dizziness, headache,
weakness, epistaxis,
pharyngitis, pulmonary
fibrosis, cardiac tamponade,
chest pain, hypotension,
tachycardia, thrombosis,
abdominal enlargement,
anorexia, constipation,
diarrhea, dry mouth,
hematemesis, nausea, rectal
discomfort, vomiting, oliguria,
itching, rashes, sterility,
hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia,
hypophosphatemia, bone
marrow depression,
31
 inflammation/pain at injection
site, hyperglycemia, arthralgia,
myalgia, allergic reactions,
chills, fever, infection.
Butalbital, nonopioid Assess type, location, and Drowsiness, confusion,
acetaminophen analgesics intensity of pain before and delirium, depression,
(combination with 60 min following dizziness, excitation, headache
barbiturate) administration. Prolonged (with chronic use), irritability,
barbiturates use may lead to physical lethargy, nervousness,
and psychological numbness, tingling, earache,
dependence and tolerance. nasal congestion, tinnitus,
respiratory depression,
tachycardia, constipation, dry
mouth, dysphagia, flatulence,
heartburn, dermatitis, pruritis,
rash, sweating, leg pain,
muscle weakness, fever,
physical dependence,
psychological dependence,
tolerance.
Butenafine anti-fungal (topical) Inspect involved areas of Burning, itching, local
skin and mucous hypersensitivity reactions,
membranes before and redness, stinging.
frequently during therapy.
Increased skin irritation may
indicate need to discontinue
medication.
Butoconazole anti-fungal Inspect involved areas of Itching, pelvic pain, soreness,
(vaginal) skin and mucous swelling, vulvovaginal burning.
membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Increased skin irritation may
indicate sensitization and
warrant discontinuation of
medication.
Butorphanol opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and Confusion, dysphoria,
opioid agonists intensity of pain before and hallucinations, sedation,
antagonists 30–60 min after IM, 5 min euphoria, floating feeling,
after IV, and 60–90 min headache, unusual dreams,
after intranasal blurred vision, diplopia, miosis,
administration. Assess blood respiratory depression,
pressure, pulse, and hypertension, hypotension,
respirations before and palpitations, nausea,
periodically during constipation, dry mouth, ileus,
administration. Assess vomiting, urinary retention,
previous analgesic history. sweating, clammy feeling,
physical dependence,
psychological dependence,
tolerance.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be Common Side Effects
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration

C1 inhibitor (human)/ antiangioedema Assess for signs and Headache, rash,

Cinryze agents symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions
proteinase hypersensitivity reactions including anaphylaxis.
inhibitors during or after injection.

32
Rev. 08/21/08
 Monitor patients with known
risk factors for thrombotic
events.
Cabergoline/ Dostinex Anti Monitor blood pressure,
hyperprolactinemic ECG, parkinson’s disease
dopamine agonists symptoms. Serum prolactin
concentrations.
Caffeine citrate/ Cafcit central nervous Assess respiratory status
system stimulants and signs of necrotizing
respiratory enterocolitis frequently
stimulants throughout therapy. Monitor
serum caffeine levels before
and periodically during
therapy in infants previously
treated with theophylline or
in infants whose mothers
consumed caffeine before
delivery. Monitor serum
glucose levels.
Calcipotriene/ antipsoriatics Assess skin before and
Dovonex synthetic vitamin periodically during therapy.
d3 analogues Monitor serum calcium
concentrations.
Calcitonin (rdna)/ hypocalcemics Observe patient for signs of
Fortical hormones hypersensitivity and
hypocalcemic tetany. Assess
nasal mucosa, septum,
turbinates, and mucosal
blood vessels. Monitor
serum calcium and alkaline
phosphatase.
Calcitonin (salmon)/ hypocalcemics Observe patient for signs of
Miacalcin hormones hypersensitivity and
hypocalcemic tetany. Assess
nasal mucosa, septum,
turbinates, and mucosal
blood vessels. Monitor
serum calcium and alkaline
phosphatase.
Calcitriol/ 1,25– vitamins Assess patient for bone pain
Dihydroxycholecalcifer fat soluble vitamins and weakness, height and
ol, weight, evidence of
Calcijex, Rocaltrol hypocalcemia. Serum
calcium and phosphorus
concentrations should be
drawn twice weekly during
Rev. 08/21/08
Dizziness, headache,
depression, drowsiness,
fatigue, nervousness, vertigo,
weakness, pulmonary fibrosis,
pleural effusion, abnormal
vision, valvular disorders,
postural hypotension, hot
flashes, constipation, nausea,
abdominal pain, dyspepsia,
vomiting, dysmenorrheal,
breast pain, paresthesia.
Insomnia, irritability,
jitteriness, restlessness,
tachycardia, necrotizing
enterocolitis, feeding
intolerance, gastritis, GI
bleeding, increased urine
output, dry skin, rash, skin
breakdown, hypoglycemia,
hyperglycemia, muscle
tremors, twitches.
Burning, itching, skin irritation,
dry skin, erythema, peeling,
rash, worsening/spreading of
psoriatic lesions,
hypercalcemia.
Nasal only—headaches,
rhinitis, epistaxis, nasal
irritation, arthralgia, back
pain.
IM, subcut—nausea, vomiting,
urinary frequency.
Rashes, injection site
reactions, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis, facial
flushing, swelling.
Nasal only—headaches,
rhinitis, epistaxis, nasal
irritation, arthralgia, back
pain.
IM, subcut—nausea, vomiting,
urinary frequency.
Rashes, injection site
reactions, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis, facial
flushing, swelling.
Headache, somnolence,
weakness, conjunctivitis,
photophobia, rhinorrhea,
arrhythmias, hypertension,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
constipation, dry mouth, liver
function test elevation,
33
 initial therapy. metallic taste, nausea,
pancreatitis, polydipsia,
vomiting, weight loss,
albuminuria, azotemia,
decreased libido, nocturia,
polyuria, pruritus,
hypercalcemia, pain at
injection site, hyperthermia,
bone pain, metastatic
calcification, muscle pain,
allergic reactions (pruritis,
rash, urticaria).
Calcium mineral electrolyte Observe patient closely for Headache, tingling.
acetate/PhosLo replacements symptoms of hypocalcemia. arrhythmias, bradycardia.
supplements Assess patient for nausea, constipation, nausea, vomiting
vomiting, anorexia, thirst, calculi, hypercalciuria. phlebitis
severe constipation, (IV only).
paralytic ileus, and
bradycardia.
Calcium carbonate/ mineral electrolyte Observe patient closely for Headache, tingling,
Alka-Mints, Amitone, replacements symptoms of hypocalcemia, arrhythmias, bradycardia,
BioCal, Calcarb, Calci- supplements heartburn, indigestion, and constipation, nausea,
Chew, Calciday, abdominal pain. Monitor vomiting, calculi,
Calcilac, Calci-Mix, patient on digitalis hypercalciuria.
Cal- glycosides for signs of
Plus, Caltrate, Chooz, toxicity. Monitor serum
Dicarbosil, Equilet, calcium or ionized calcium,
Gencalc, Liqui-Cal, chloride, sodium, potassium,
Liquid Cal-600, magnesium, albumin, and
Maalox parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Antacid Caplets, concentrations before and
Mallamint, Nephro- periodically during therapy.
Calci, Os-Cal, Oysco,
Oyst-Cal, Oystercal,
Rolaids Calcium Rich,
Surpass, Surpass
Extra
Strength, Titralac,
Tums, Tums E-X
Calcium chloride mineral electrolyte Observe patient closely for Headache, tingling, syncope,
replacements symptoms of hypocalcemia, cardiac arrest, arrhythmias,
supplements blood pressure, pulse, and bradycardia, constipation,
ECG, IV site for patency. nausea, vomiting, calculi,
Monitor patient on digitalis hypercalciuria, phlebitis.
glycosides for signs of
toxicity. Monitor serum
calcium or ionized calcium,
chloride, sodium, potassium,
magnesium, albumin, and
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
concentrations.
Calcium citrate/ Cal- mineral electrolyte Observe patient closely for Headache, tingling,
Citrate 250, Citrical, replacements symptoms of hypocalcemia arrhythmias, bradycardia,
Citrical Liquitab supplements and digitalis glycosides for constipation, nausea,
signs of toxicity before and vomiting, calculi,
during therapy. Monitor hypercalciuria.
serum calcium or ionized
calcium, chloride, sodium,

34
Rev. 08/21/08
 potassium, magnesium,
albumin, and parathyroid
hormone (PTH)
concentrations before and
periodically during therapy
for treatment of
hypocalcemia.
Calcium glubionate mineral electrolyte Observe patient closely for
replacements symptoms of hypocalcemia.
supplements Monitor patient on digitalis
glycosides for signs of
toxicity. Monitor serum
calcium or ionized calcium,
chloride, sodium, potassium,
magnesium, albumin, and
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
concentrations.
Calcium gluconate/ mineral electrolyte Observe patient closely for
Kalcinate replacements symptoms of hypocalcemia,
supplements blood pressure, pulse, and
ECG, IV site for patency.
Monitor patient on digitalis
glycosides for signs of
toxicity.
Calcium lactate/ Cal- mineral electrolyte Observe patient closely for
Lac replacements symptoms of hypocalcemia.
supplements Monitor patient on digitalis
glycosides for signs of
toxicity.
Candesartan/ Atacand antihypertensives Assess blood pressure
angiotensin ii (lying, sitting, standing) and
receptor pulse, signs of angioedema,
antagonists daily weight and assess
patient routinely for
resolution of fluid overload.
Capecitabine/ Xeloda antineoplastics Assess mucous membranes,
antimetabolites number and consistency of
stools, and frequency of
vomiting, signs of infection,
symptoms of toxicity, and
hand-and-foot syndrome.
Monitor hepatic, renal, and
hematologic function.
Monitor PT or INR
frequently.
Capsaicin/ Capsin, nonopioid Assess pain intensity and
Capzasin-P, Dolorac, analgesics location before and
No (topical) periodically throughout
Pain-HP, Pain Doctor, therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
Headache, tingling,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
constipation, nausea,
vomiting, calculi,
hypercalciuria.
Headache, tingling, syncope,
cardiac arrest, arrhythmias,
bradycardia, constipation,
nausea, vomiting, calculi,
hypercalciuria, phlebitis.
Headache, tingling,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
constipation, nausea,
vomiting, calculi,
hypercalciuria.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
hypotension, chest pain,
edema, hyperkalemia,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
nausea, impaired renal
function, arthralgia, back pain,
angioedema.
Fatigue, headache, dizziness,
insomnia, eye irritation,
epistaxis, rhinorrhea, edema,
chest pain, diarrhea,
necrotizing enterocolitis,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
constipation, dysgeusia,
hyperbilirubinemia, nausea,
stomatitis, vomiting,
dyspepsia, xerostomia,
dermatitis, hand-and-foot
syndrome, nail disorder,
alopecia, erythema, rashes,
dehydration, anemia,
leukopenia, arthralgia,
myalgia, thrombocytopenia,
peripheral neuropathy, cough,
dyspnea, fever.
Cough and transient burning.
35
Pain-X, R-Gel,
Rid·a·Pain·HP, Zostrix,
Zostrix-HP
Captopril/Capoten antihypertensives Monitor BP, pulse, and signs
ace inhibitors of angioedema. Monitor
weight and assess patient
routinely for resolution of
fluid overload.
Carbamazepine/ anticonvulsants Assess for facial pain,
Carbatrol, Epitol, mood stabilizers seizures, mental status, and
Equetro, Tegretol, changes in skin condition
Tegretol-XR, Teril before and periodically
during therapy. Monitor
CBC, including platelet
count, reticulocyte count,
and serum iron, Liver
function tests, urinalysis,
and BUN, serum ionized
calcium levels, ECG and
serum electrolytes weekly
during the first 2 mo and
yearly thereafter for
evidence of potentially fatal
blood cell abnormalities.
Carbidopa/levodopa// antiparkinson Assess parkinsonian
Parcopa, Sinemet, agents symptoms, blood pressure
Sinemet CR dopamine agonists and pulse frequently during
therapy. Monitor hepatic
and renal function and CBC
periodically in patients on
long-term therapy.
Carboplatin/ antineoplastics Assess for nausea and
Paraplatin alkylating agents vomiting; bleeding;
neurotoxicity; bone marrow
depression; signs of
anaphylaxis; and signs of
infection. Monitor CBC,
differential, and clotting
studies before and weekly
during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
dizziness, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, cough, hypotension,
chest pain, palpitations,
tachycardia, taste
disturbances, abdominal pain,
anorexia, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
proteinuria, impaired renal
function, angioedema, rashes,
pruritis, hyperkalemia,
agranulocytosis, neutropenia,
fever.
Ataxia, drowsiness, fatigue,
psychosis, sedation, suicidal
behavior or ideation, vertigo,
blurred vision, nystagmus,
corneal opacities, pneumonitis,
CHF, edema, hypertension,
hypotension, syncope,
hepatitis, pancreatitis, weight
gain, hesitancy, urinary
retention, chills,
photosensitivity, rashes,
stevens-johnson syndrome,
toxic epidermal necrolysis,
urticaria, syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic
hormone (SIADH), fever,
hyponatremia, aplastic
anemia, agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia,
eosinophilia, leucopenia,
lymphadenopathy, elevated
liver enzymes, multi-organ
hypersensitivity reactions,
hepatic failure (rare).
Involuntary movements,
anxiety, dizziness,
hallucinations, memory loss,
psychiatric problems, blurred
vision, mydriasis, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, dry mouth,
hepatotoxicity, melanoma,
hemolytic anemia, leucopenia,
darkening of urine or sweat.
Weakness, ototoxicity,
abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting, hypocalcemia,
hypokalemia, anemia,
hypomagnesemia,
hyponatremia, leucopenia,
peripheral neuropathy,
thrombocytopenia,
hyperuricemia,
hypersensitivity reactions
36

Carboprost/ abortifacients Assess for nausea, vomiting,
Hemabate oxytocics and diarrhea; amount and
prostaglandins type of vaginal discharge;
temperature, pulse, and BP;
frequency, duration, and
force of contractions and
uterine resting tone.
Auscultate breath sounds.
Carisoprodol/ Soma, skeletal muscle Assess patient for pain,
Vanadom relaxants muscle stiffness, and range
(centrally acting) of motion before and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Carmustine/ BCNU, antineoplastics Monitor vital signs; bone
BiCNU, Gliadel alkylating agents marrow depression;
bleeding; respiratory status;
intake and output, appetite,
and nutritional intake before
and frequently during
therapy. Monitor CBC with
differential and platelet
count before and throughout
therapy.
Carteolol/ Cartrol antianginals Monitor blood pressure and
antihypertensives pulse, intake and output
beta blockers ratios and daily weight,
evidence of fluid overload,
angina, and signs of
overdose before and during
therapy.
Carvedilol/ Coreg, antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and
Coreg beta blockers pulse frequently during dose
CR adjustment period and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor intake and output
ratios and daily weight,
evidence of fluid overload,
signs of overdose,
Rev. 08/21/08
including anaphylactic-like
reactions.
dizziness, headache.
wheezing, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain,
cramps, uterine rupture,
flushing, fever, chills,
shivering.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
agitation, ataxia, depression,
headache, insomnia,
irritability, syncope, asthma
attacks, hypotension,
tachycardia, epigastric
distress, hiccups, nausea,
vomiting, flushing, rashes,
eosinophilia, leucopenia,
anaphylactic shock, fever,
psychological dependence,
severe idiosyncratic reaction.
Pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary
infiltrates, hepatotoxicity,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
diarrhea, esophagitis, renal
failure, alopecia, leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
pain at IV site.
Fatigue, weakness, anxiety,
depression, dizziness, CHF,
drowsiness, insomnia, memory
loss, mental status changes,
nightmares, blurred vision, dry
eyes, nasal stuffiness, rashes,
bronchospasm, wheezing,
bradycardia, pulmonary
edema, orthostatic
hypotension, peripheral
vasoconstriction, itching,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
erectile dysfunction, decreased
libido, hyperglycemia,
hypoglycemia, arthralgia, back
pain, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, drug-induced
lupus syndrome.
Dizziness, fatigue, weakness,
anxiety, depression,
drowsiness, insomnia, memory
loss, mental status changes,
nervousness, nightmares,
blurred vision, dry eyes, nasal
stuffiness, back pain,
bronchospasm, wheezing,
37
 orthostatic hypotension
before and during therapy.
Caspofungin/ antifungals Assess patient for signs and
Cancidas (systemic) symptoms of fungal
echinocandins infections, and signs of
anaphylaxis prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Cefaclor/ Raniclor anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
second generation signs and symptoms of
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Cefadroxil/ Duricef anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
first generation signs and symptoms of
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Cefazolin/ Ancef, anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
Kefzol first generation signs and symptoms of
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Cefdinir/ Omnicef anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
third generation signs and symptoms of
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Cefditoren/ Spectracef anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
third generation bowel function, signs and
cephalosporins symptoms of anaphylaxis at
beginning of and throughout
therapy. Monitor
prothrombin time and
assess patient for bleeding
Rev. 08/21/08
bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary
edema, diarrhea, constipation,
nausea, erectile dysfunction,
decreased libido, itching,
rashes, hyperglycemia,
hypoglycemia, arthralgia,
muscle cramps, paresthesia,
drug-induced lupus syndrome.
Headache, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, flushing, venous
irritation at injection site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever.
Seizures (very high doses),
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
rashes, urticaria,
agranulocytosis, bleeding,
eosinophilia, hemolytic
anemia, neutropenia, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and serum sickness,
superinfection.
Seizures (very high doses),
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
dyspepsia, rashes, pruritis,
urticaria, agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and serum sickness,
superinfection.
Seizures (high doses),
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
cramps, rash, pruritis,
urticaria, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, leukopenia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, pain at IM
site, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis and serum
sickness, superinfection.
Seizures, headache, rash,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, nausea, vaginal
moniliasis, vaginitis, pruritus,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Seizures (high doses),
pseudomembranous colitis,
headache, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, dyspepsia, nausea,
vomiting, hematuria, vaginal
moniliasis, bleeding,
eosinophilia, hemolytic
38
 daily in high-risk patients.
Cefepime/ Maxipime anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
fourth generation bowel function, signs and
cephalosporins symptoms of anaphylaxis at
beginning of and throughout
therapy.
Cefixime/ Suprax anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
third generation bowel function, signs and
cephalosporins symptoms of anaphylaxis at
beginning of and throughout
therapy.
Cefoperazone/ Cefobid anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
third generation signs and symptoms of
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Monitor prothrombin time
and assess patient for
bleeding daily in high-risk
patients.
Cefotaxime/ Claforan anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
third generation signs and symptoms of
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Cefotetan/ Cefotan anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
second generation signs and symptoms of
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Monitor prothrombin time
and assess patient for
bleeding daily in high-risk
patients.
Cefoxitin/ Mefoxin anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
second generation signs and symptoms of
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of
Rev. 08/21/08
anemia, lymphocytosis,
neutropenia, thrombocytosis,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Seizures (very high doses in
patients with renal
impairment), neutropenia,
pseudomembranous colitis,
encephalopathy, headache,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
rashes, pruritis, urticaria,
bleeding, eosinophilia,
hemolytic anemia, fever,
thrombocytopenia, pain at IM
site, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Seizures (very high doses),
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
cramps, rashes, urticaria,
bleeding, blood dyscrasias,
hemolytic anemia, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and serum sickness,
superinfection.
Seizures (high doses),
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
rashes, urticaria, bleeding,
eosinophilia, neutropenia, pain
at IM site, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Seizures (high doses),
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
rashes, pruritis, urticaria,
agranulocytosis, bleeding,
eosinophilia, hemolytic
anemia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, pain at IM
site, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Seizures (high doses),
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, rashes,
urticaria, bleeding,
eosinophilia, hemolytic
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, pain at IM
site, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Seizures (high doses),
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
39
 and throughout therapy. rashes, urticaria, bleeding,
eosinophilia, hemolytic
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, pain at IM
site, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Cefpodoxime/ Banan, anti-infectives Assess patient for infection, Seizures (very high doses),
Vantin third generation bowel function, signs and headache, abdominal pain,
cephalosporins symptoms of anaphylaxis at pseudomembranous colitis,
beginning of and throughout diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
therapy. rashes, urticaria, vaginal
moniliasis, bleeding, blood
dyscrasias, hemolytic anemia,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Cefprozil/ Cefzil anti-infectives Assess patient for infection, Seizures (very high doses),
second generation signs and symptoms of dizziness, urticaria,
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of pseudomembranous colitis,
and throughout therapy. abdominal pain, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, rashes,
eosinophilia, hemolytic
anemia, leucopenia, vaginitis,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Ceftazidime/ Fortaz, anti-infectives Assess patient for infection, Seizures (very high doses in
Tazicef third generation signs and symptoms of patients with renal
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of impairment), dizziness,
and throughout therapy. headache, abdominal pain,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea,
vomiting, rashes, urticaria,
bleeding, fever, eosinophilia,
hemolytic anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
thrombocytosis allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Ceftibuten/ Cedax anti-infectives Assess patient for infection, Seizures (very high doses in
third generation signs and symptoms of patients with renal
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of impairment), dizziness,
and throughout therapy. headache, abdominal pain,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea,
vomiting, rashes, urticaria,
bleeding, eosinophilia,
hemolytic anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
thrombocytosis allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Ceftizoxime/ Cefizox anti-infectives Assess patient for infection, Seizures (very high doses),
third generation signs and symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis,
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
and throughout therapy. pruritis, rashes, urticaria,
bleeding, eosinophilia,
hemolytic anemia, fever,
leukopenia, neutropenia,

40
Rev. 08/21/08
 thrombocytopenia,
thrombocytosis, pain at IM
site, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Ceftriaxone/ Rocephin anti-infectives Assess patient for infection, Seizures (very high doses),
third generation bowel function, signs and pseudomembranous colitis,
cephalosporins symptoms of anaphylaxis at diarrhea, cholelithiasis,
beginning of and throughout sludging in the gallbladder,
therapy. Assess newborns rashes, urticaria, bleeding,
for jaundice and eosinophilia, hemolytic
hyperbilirubinemia. anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytosis, pain at IM
site, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Cefuroxime/ Ceftin, anti-infectives Assess patient for infection, Seizures (very high doses),
Zinacef second generation signs and symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis,
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
and throughout therapy. cramps, rashes, urticaria,
diaper dermatitis, eosinophilia,
hemolytic anemia, leucopenia,
bleeding, pain at IM site,
phlebitis at IV site, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Celecoxib/ Celebrex antirheumatics Assess range of motion, Dizziness, headache, insomnia,
nonsteroidal anti degree of swelling, and pain edema, GI bleeding,
inflammatory in affected joints before and abdominal pain, diarrhea,
agents periodically throughout dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea,
cox 2 inhibitors therapy. exfoliative dermatitis, stevens-
johnson syndrome, toxic
epidermal necrolysis, rash.
Cephalexin/ Keflex anti-infectives Assess patient for infection, Seizures (very high doses),
first generation signs and symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis,
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
and throughout therapy. abdominal pain, rashes,
urticaria, eosinophilia,
hemolytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia,
neutropenia, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis,
superinfection.
Cephradine/ Velosef anti-infectives Assess patient for infection, Seizures (very high doses),
first generation signs and symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis,
cephalosporins anaphylaxis at beginning of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
and throughout therapy. cramps, rashes, pruritis,
urticaria, eosinophilia,
leukopenia, neutropenia,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis and serum
sickness, superinfection.
Certolizumab pegol/ gastroinestinal anti Assess abdominal pain, Skin reactions (rarely severe),
Cimzia inflammatories stools, signs of infection, hematologic reactions,
tumor necrosis signs of hypersensitivity arthralgia, allergic reactions
factor blockers reactions prior to and during including anaphylaxis,
therapy. infections, lupus-like
syndrome.

41
Rev. 08/21/08
Cetirizine/ Zyrtec allergy, cold and Assess allergy symptoms,
cough remedies lung sounds and character
antihistamines of bronchial secretions
piperazines before and periodically
peripherally during therapy.
selective
Cetuximab/ Erbitux antineoplastics Assess for infusion reaction
monoclonal (rapid onset of airway
antibodies obstruction [bronchospasm,
stridor, hoarseness],
urticaria, hypotension) for at
least 1 hr following infusion.
Assess for onset or
worsening of pulmonary
symptoms. Assess for
dermatologic toxicities.
Monitor serum electrolytes
periodically during and for
at least 8 wks following
infusion.
Cevimeline/ Evoxac xerostomia therapy Assess patient for dry
adjuncts mouth prior to and
cholinergics periodically during therapy.
muscarinic agonists
sialagogues
Chamomile (Matricaria gastroinestinal anti Assess patient for abdominal
chamomilla, Anthemis inflammatories distention and auscultate for
nobilis) sedative/hypnotics bowel sounds. Evaluate
sleep pattern and anxiety
level prior to initiation. Note
size, location and character
of affected skin prior to and
after topical application.
Chloral hydrate/ sedative/hypnotics Assess mental status, LOC,
Aquachloral sleep pattern before and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Chlorambucil/Leukera antineoplastics Monitor for bone marrow
n immunosuppressan depression; bleeding; intake
ts and output ratios and daily
alkylating agents weights; fatigue, dyspnea,
and orthostatic hypotension;
and symptoms of gout
during therapy. Monitor CBC
and differential before and
weekly during course of
therapy. Monitor liver
function tests, BUN, serum
creatinine, and uric acid
Rev. 08/21/08
Dizziness, drowsiness
(significant with doses > 10
mg/day), fatigue, pharyngitis,
dry mouth.
Malaise, depression, headache,
insomnia, conjunctivitis,
dyspnea, ↑ cough, interstitial
lung disease, pulmonary
embolism, abdominal pain,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, stomatitis,
renal failure, acneform
dermatitis, alopecia, nail
disorder, pruritus, skin
desquamation, dehydration,
hypomagnesemia, peripheral
edema, anemia, leucopenia,
back pain, weight loss,
infusion reactions, fever,
desquamation of mucosal
epithelium.
Coughing, rhinitis, visual
disturbances, nausea,
diarrhea, excessive salivation,
excessive sweating, hot
flashes.
Contact dermatitis, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Excess sedation, rashes,
disorientation, dizziness,
hangover, headache,
incoordination, irritability,
paradoxical excitation
(children), respiratory
depression, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, flatulence, tolerance,
physical or psychological
dependence.
Pulmonary fibrosis, nausea,
stomatitis (rare), vomiting,
decreased sperm count,
sterility, alopecia (rare),
dermatitis, rash, leucopenia,
anemia, thrombocytopenia,
hyperuricemia, allergic
reactions, risk of second
malignancy.
42
 before and periodically
during course of therapy.
Chloramphenicol/ anti-infectives Assess patient for infection,
Chloromycetin signs of bone marrow
depression, and gray
syndrome at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
CBC should be monitored
every 2 days throughout
therapy.
Chlordiazepoxide/ antianxiety agents Assess for anxiety and level
Libritabs, Librium sedative/hypnotics of sedation, mental status,
benzodiazepines blood pressure, heart rate,
and respiratory rate,
tremors, agitation, delirium,
and hallucinations prior to
and periodically during
therapy. CBC and liver
function tests evaluated
periodically.
Chloroquine/Aralen antimalarials Assess deep tendon reflexes
antirheumatics periodically to determine
(DMARDs) muscle weakness. Assess
degree of joint pain and
limitation of motion
monthly. Monitor CBC
periodically throughout
therapy.
Chlorothiazide/ Diuril antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure,
diuretics intake, output, and daily
thiazide diuretics weight and assess feet,
legs, and sacral area for
edema daily. Monitor
electrolytes (especially
potassium), blood glucose,
BUN, serum creatinine, and
uric acid levels before and
periodically throughout
therapy
Rev. 08/21/08
Confusion, delirium,
depression, headache, blurred
vision, optic neuritis, bitter
taste (IV only), diarrhea,
enterocolitis, glossitis, nausea,
stomatitis, vomiting, rashes,
urticaria, aplastic anemia,
bone marrow depression,
neutropenia, angioedema,
thrombocytopenia, gray
syndrome in newborns,
peripheral neuritis, fever.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
hangover, headache, mental
depression, paradoxical
excitation, sedation, blurred
vision, constipation, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, weight gain,
rashes, pain at IM site,
physical/psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Seizures, delirium, depression,
headache, personality
changes, psychosis, hearing
impairment, retinopathy,
alopecia, tinnitus, visual
disturbances, vomiting,
cardiomyopathy, ECG changes
(T-wave abnormalities, QRS
prolongation), hypotension,
abdominal cramps, anorexia,
diarrhea, nausea, dermatoses,
skin eruptions,
photosensitivity, aplastic
anemia, pigmentary changes,
pruritus, agranulocytosis,
leucopenia, thrombocytopenia,
neuromyopathy, peripheral
neuritis, weakness.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
lethargy, weakness,
hypotension, anorexia,
cramping, hepatitis, nausea,
vomiting, pancreatitis,
photosensitivity, rashes,
hyperglycemia, hypokalemia,
dehydration, hypercalcemia,
hypochloremic alkalosis,
hypomagnesemia,
hyponatremia, blurred vision,
hypophosphatemia,
hypovolemia, rarely blood
dyscrasias, muscle cramps,
thrombocytopenia,
hyperuricemia,
43

Chlorpheniramine/Alle allergy, cold and Assess allergy symptoms;
r- cough remedies pulse and blood pressure;
Chlor, Allergy, Chlo- antihistamines adverse anticholinergic
Amine, Chlorate, effects; lung sounds and
Chlor- character of bronchial
Trimeton, Chlor- secretions prior to and
Trimeton Allergy 4 periodically during therapy.
Hour, Chlor-Trimeton
Allergy 8 Hour, Chlor-
Trimeton Allergy 12
Hour, PediaCare
Allergy
Formula, Phenetron,
Telechlor, Teldrin
Chlorpromazine/ antiemetics Assess mental status,
Thorazine, Thor-Prom antipsychotics weight and BMI, fasting
phenothiazines blood glucose and
cholesterol levels,
symptoms of schizophrenia,
blood pressure (sitting,
standing, lying), pulse, and
respiratory rate, fluid intake
and bowel function, onset of
akathisia, tardive
dyskinesia, development of
neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, level of anxiety,
and pain. CBC, liver function
tests, and ocular exams
periodically throughout
therapy.
Chlorpropamide/ antidiabetics Observe patient for signs
Diabinese sulfonylureas and symptoms of
hypoglycemic reactions.
Serum glucose and
glycosylated hemoglobin,
CBC, urine, serum sodium
levels and plasma
osmolarity periodically
throughout therapy
Chlorthalidone/ antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure,
Hygroton, diuretics intake, output, and daily
Thalitone thiazide diuretics weight and assess feet,
legs, and sacral area for
edema daily. Monitor
electrolytes (especially
potassium), blood glucose,
BUN, serum creatinine, and
uric acid levels before and
periodically throughout
Rev. 08/21/08
hypercholesterolemia.
Drowsiness, dizziness,
excitation (in children), blurred
vision, hypertension,
arrhythmias, hypotension,
palpitations, dry mouth,
constipation, obstruction,
retention, urinary hesitancy.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, sedation,
extrapyramidal reactions,
tardive dyskinesia, blurred
vision, dry eyes, lens
opacities, hypotension (↑ with
IM, IV), tachycardia,
constipation, dry mouth,
anorexia, hepatitis, ileus,
priapism, urinary retention,
photosensitivity, pigment
changes, rashes, galactorrhea,
amenorrhea, agranulocytosis,
leucopenia, hyperthermia,
allergic reactions.
Anorexia, dizziness, headache,
constipation, diarrhea, drug-
induced hepatitis, increased
appetite, nausea, vomiting,
photosensitivity, rash, pruritis,
urticaria, hypoglycemia,
syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
secretion, hyponatremia,
aplastic anemia,
agranulocytosis, eosinophilia,
hemolytic anemia, leukopenia,
pancytopenia,
thrombocytopenia, disulfiram-
like reaction.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
lethargy, weakness,
hypotension, anorexia,
cramping, hepatitis, nausea,
vomiting, photosensitivity,
rashes, hyperglycemia,
hypokalemia, dehydration,
hypercalcemia, hypochloremic
alkalosis, hypomagnesemia,
hyponatremia,
44
 therapy.
Chlorzoxazone/ EZE- skeletal muscle Assess patient for pain,
DS, relaxants muscle stiffness, and range
Paraflex, Parafon (centrally acting) of motion before and
Forte periodically throughout
DSC, Relaxazone, therapy
Remular, Remular-S,
Strifon Forte DSC
Cholecalciferol/ Delta- vitamins Assess for symptoms of
D, vitamin D3 fat soluble vitamins vitamin deficiency, bone
(inactive) pain and weakness,
evidence of hypocalcemia
prior to and periodically
during therapy. Serum
calcium, phosphorus, and
alkaline phosphatase should
be monitored periodically.
Cholestyramine/ lipid-lowering Assess severity of itching
LoCHOLEST, agents and skin integrity, stools.
LoCHOLEST bile acid Obtain a diet history,
Light, Prevalite, sequestrants especially in regard to fat
Questran, Questran consumption. Serum
Light cholesterol and triglyceride
levels should be evaluated
before initiating, frequently
during first few months and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Choline and antipyretics Assess pain and limitation of
magnesium nonopioid movement, fever before and
salicylates/ Trilisate analgesics during therapy. Monitor
salicylates hepatic function and serum
salicylate levels.
Chondroitin/ Nonopioid Monitor pain and range of
chondroitin analgesics motion, gastric discomfort,
Polysulfate, CPS, CDS signs of bleeding on an
ongoing basis as an
indicator of drug efficacy.
Ciclesonide antiasthmatics Monitor respiratory status
(inhalation)/ corticosteroids and lung sounds, signs of
Alvesco inhalation adrenal insufficiency, growth
rates in children, change in
vision or with a history of
increased intraocular
pressure, glaucoma, or
cataracts closely during
therapy. Periodic adrenal
function tests may be
Rev. 08/21/08
hypophosphatemia,
hypovolemia, blood dyscrasias,
hyperuricemia,
hypercholesterolemia, muscle
cramps, pancreatitis.
Dizziness, drowsiness, GI
bleeding, constipation,
diarrhea, heartburn, nausea,
vomiting, allergic dermatitis,
agranulocytosis, anemia,
allergic reactions including
angioedema.
Headache, irritability,
somnolence, weakness,
conjunctivitis, photophobia,
arrhythmias, hypertension,
anorexia, constipation, dry
mouth, liver function test
elevation, metallic taste,
nausea, pancreatitis,
polydipsia, vomiting, weight
loss, albuminuria, azotemia,
polyuria, pruritus,
hypercalcemia, bone pain,
muscle pain.
Irritation of the tongue,
abdominal discomfort,
constipation, nausea, fecal
impaction, flatulence,
hemorrhoids, perianal
irritation, steatorrhea,
vomiting, irritation, rashes,
hyperchloremic acidosis,
vitamin A, D, and K deficiency.
Tinnitus, GI bleeding,
dyspepsia, epigastric distress,
nausea, abdominal pain,
anorexia, hepatotoxicity,
vomiting, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis and
laryngeal edema.
Heartburn, nausea, diarrhea,
bleeding (antiplatelet effect),
allergic reactions, edema, hair
loss.
Headache, candida infection of
mouth and pharynx, nasal
congestion, nasopharyngitis,
pharyngolaryngeal pain,
cataracts, ↑ intraocular
pressure, adrenal suppression
(↑ dose, long term therapy), ↓
growth (children), arthralgia,
back pain, ↓ bone mineral
density (↑ dose, long term
45
 ordered to assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
therapy.
Ciclesonide (nasal)/ allergy, cold and Monitor degree of nasal
Omnaris cough remedies stuffiness, amount and color
corticosteroids of nasal discharge, and
frequency of sneezing.
Patients on long-term
therapy should have
periodic otolaryngologic
examinations to monitor
nasal mucosa and passages
for infection or ulceration.
Ciclopirox/ Loprox, antifungals Inspect involved areas of
Penlac (topical) skin and mucous
membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Cidofovir/ Vistide antivirals Monitor vision for
progression of CMV retinitis,
ocular symptoms,
intraocular pressure, and
visual acuity, vital signs,
signs and symptoms of
infection periodically. Renal
function must be monitored
within 48 hr before each
dose and throughout
therapy. WBC before each
dose.
Cilostazol/ Pletal antiplatelet agents Assess patient for
platelet intermittent claudication
aggregation before and periodically
inhibitors during therapy.
Cimetidine/ Tagamet, antiulcer agents Assess patient for epigastric
Tagamet HB histamine h2 or abdominal pain and frank
antagonists or occult blood in the stool,
emesis, or gastric aspirate.
CBC with differential should
be monitored periodically
throughout therapy
Cinacalcet/ Sensipar hypocalcemics Monitor for signs and
calcimimetic agents symptoms of hypocalcemia
during therapy. Monitor
serum calcium and
phosphorous levels within 1
wk after initiation of therapy
or dose adjustment and
monthly for patients with
hyperparathyroidism or
Rev. 08/21/08
therapy), extremity pain,
worsening of infections.
Headache, ear pain, epistaxis,
local stinging, nasopharyngitis,
adrenal suppression (↑ dose,
long term therapy only).
burning, itching, local
hypersensitivity reactions,
redness, stinging.
Headache, weakness,
decreased intraocular
pressure, hearing loss, iritis,
ocular hypotony, uveitis,
dyspnea, infection,
pneumonia, hepatic
dysfunction, pancreatitis,
abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, chills,
diarrhea, renal failure,
proteinuria, alopecia, rash,
fever, decreased serum
bicarbonate, neutropenia,
anemia, metabolic acidosis,
Headache, dizziness,
palpitations, tachycardia,
diarrhea.
Confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, hallucinations,
headache, arrhythmias,
constipation, diarrhea, drug-
induced hepatitis, nausea,
decreased sperm count,
erectile dysfunction,
gynecomastia, pain at IM site,
agranulocytosis, aplastic
anemia, anemia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Nausea, vomiting,
hypocalcemia, adynamic bone
disease.
46
 every 2 mo for patients with
parathyroid carcinoma once
maintenance dose has been
established, especially in
patients with a history of
seizure disorder.
Ciprofloxacin/ Cipro, anti-infectives Assess for infection, signs
Cipro XR, Proquin XR fluoroquinolones and symptoms of
anaphylaxis, bowel function,
diarrhea, abdominal
cramping, fever, and bloody
stools at beginning of and
throughout therapy.
Cisatracurium/ neuromuscular Assess respiratory status,
Nimbex blocking agents ECG, heart rate, and blood
nondepolarizing pressure, infusion site
continuously throughout
therapy.
Cisplatin/ Platinol-AQ antineoplastics Monitor vital signs; intake
alkylating agents and output and specific
gravity; patency of IV site;
bone marrow depression;
anaphylaxis; ototoxicity and
neurotoxicity; and overdose
during therapy. Monitor CBC
with differential and platelet
count before and routinely
throughout therapy. Monitor
BUN, serum creatinine, and
CCr before initiation of
therapy and before each
course of cisplatin to detect
nephrotoxicity.
Citalopram/ Celexa antidepressants Monitor mood changes and
selective serotonin sexual dysfunction during
reuptake inhibitors therapy.
ssris
Rev. 08/21/08
Seizures, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache,
insomniaagitation, confusion,
hyperglycemia,
pseudomembranous colitis,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
abnormal liver enzymes ,
nausea, vaginitis,
photosensitivity, rash,
hypoglycemia, eosinophilia,
phlebitis at IV site, tendinitis,
tendon rupture, peripheral
neuropathy, hypersensitivity
reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Bronchospasm, rash, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Seizures, malaise, weakness,
ototoxicity, tinnitus, severe
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity,
sterility, alopecia,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia, leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
phlebitis at IV site,
hyperuricemia, peripheral
neuropathy, anaphylactoid
reactions.
Apathy, confusion, drowsiness,
insomnia, weakness, agitation,
amnesia, anxiety, decreased
libido, dizziness, fatigue,
impaired concentration,
increased depression, migraine
headache, suicide attempt,
abnormal accommodation,
cough, postural hypotension,
tachycardia, abdominal pain,
anorexia, diarrhea, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, flatulence,
increased saliva, nausea,
altered taste, increased
appetite, vomiting,
amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea,
ejaculatory delay, erectile
47

Cladribine/ Leustatin antineoplastics Monitor for bone marrow
antimetabolites depression, fever, chills,
sore throat, and signs of
infection, platelet count,
bleeding, IV site for
phlebitis, intake and output
throughout therapy. CD4 T-
lymphocyte count and CD8
T-lymphocyte count; renal
and hepatic function; serum
uric acid concentrations
before initiation of therapy
and periodically during and
after therapy. Monitor
hemoglobin, hematocrit,
leukocyte, and platelet
counts before and
periodically throughout
therapy, especially during
the first 4–8 wk after
treatment.
Clarithromycin/ agents atypical Assess patient for infection,
Biaxin, Biaxin XL mycobacterium epigastric or abdominal pain
anti-infectives and frank or occult blood in
antiulcer agents the stool, emesis, or gastric
macrolides aspirate during therapy.
Clemastine/ Dayhist allergy, cold and Assess allergy symptoms,
Allergy, Tavist Allergy cough remedies lung sounds and character
antihistamines of bronchial secretions prior
to and periodically
throughout therapy.
Clevidipine/ Cleviprex antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and
calcium channel heart rate during infusion,
blockers and until vital signs
dihydropyridine stabilize. Hypotension and
reflex tachycardia may
occur with rapid upward
titration.
Clindamycin/ Cleocin, anti-infectives Assess for infection, bowel
Cleocin T, Clinda- elimination, diarrhea,
Derm, abdominal cramping, fever,
Clindagel, Clindesse, and bloody stools,
ClindaMax, Clindets, hypersensitivity before and
C/T/S, Evoclin during therapy. Monitor
CBC.
Clobetasol/ Clobex, anti inflammatories Assess affected skin before
Temovate, Temovate steroidal and daily during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
dysfunction, polyuria,
increased sweating,
photosensitivity, pruritus,
rash, decreased weight,
increased weight, arthralgia,
myalgia.
Fatigue, headache, dizziness,
insomnia, malaise, weakness,
epistaxis, abnormal breath
sounds, cough, dyspnea,
edema, tachycardia, anorexia,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, constipation,
rash, erythema, petechiae,
pruritis, sweating,
neutropenia, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, injection
site reactions, phlebitis,
thrombosis, arthralgia,
myalgia, chills, fever,
infection, trunk pain.
Headache, pruritus, rash,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
pseudomembranous colitis,
abdominal pain/discomfort,
abnormal taste, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, nausea.
Drowsiness, confusion,
dizziness, paradoxical
excitation (children), blurred
vision, hypertension,
arrhythmias, hypotension,
palpitations, tachycardia, dry
mouth, constipation, nausea,
obstruction, vomiting, urinary
retention, rash, thick mucus.
Headache, CHF, hypotension,
rebound hypertension, reflex
tachycardia, nausea, vomiting,
arthralgia.
Dizziness, headache, vertigo,
arrhythmias, hypotension,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, bitter taste (IV only),
nausea, vomiting, rashes,
phlebitis at IV site.
Allergic contact dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
48
 E corticosteroids Periodic adrenal function
tests may be ordered to
assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
topical therapy if suspected.
Clocortolone/ Cloderm anti inflammatories Assess affected skin before
steroidal and daily during therapy.
corticosteroids Periodic adrenal function
tests may be ordered to
assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
topical therapy if suspected.
Clofarabine/ Clolar antineoplastics Monitor respiratory status
antimetabolites and blood pressure during
infusion. Monitor for bone
marrow depression,
bleeding, signs and
symptoms of tumor lysis
syndrome and cytokine
release, nausea and
diarrhea before and during
therapy. CBC and platelet
counts at regular intervals
during therapy and more
frequently if levels are
abnormal. Hepatic and renal
function frequently during
therapy.
Clomiphene/ Clomid, ovulation inducer Perform a pelvic
Milophene, Serophene examination to determine
ovarian size and presence of
ovarian cysts prior to
therapy and before
subsequent courses of
therapy. Assess patient for
abdominal pain throughout
therapy. Liver function tests
should be performed prior to
course of therapy.
Clomipramine/ antiobsessive Monitor mental status, blood
Anafranil agents pressure and pulse, weight
tricyclic and BMI, onset of
antidepressants extrapyramidal parkinsonian
side effects before and
during initial therapy.
Monitor CBC and differential
during chronic therapy.
Monitor hepatic and renal
function.
Rev. 08/21/08
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression (use of occlusive
dressings, long-term therapy).
Allergic contact dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression (use of occlusive
dressings, long-term therapy).
Fatigue, pharyngitis,
pericardial effusion,
tachycardia, edema, diarrhea,
hepatic toxicity, nausea,
abdominal pain, constipation,
mucositis, vomiting,
dehydration, neutropenia,
anemia, thrombocytopenia,
injection site pain, systemic
inflammatory response
syndrome, tumor lysis
syndrome, infections, fever,
chills.
Headache, blurred vision,
floaters, photophobia,
scotomata, phosphenes, hot
flashes, abdominal pain,
bloating, distention, nausea,
vomiting, ↑ liver enzymes,
ovarian cyst formation,
ovarian enlargement, breast
discomfort, multiple births,
intermenstrual spotting,
abnormal menstrual flow,
weight gain.
Seizures, lethargy, sedation,
weakness, aggressive
behavior, blurred vision, dry
eyes, dry mouth, vestibular
disorder, arrhythmias, ECG
changes, orthostatic
hypotension, constipation,
nausea, vomiting, weight gain,
eructation, male sexual
dysfunction, urinary retention,
49

Clonazepam/Klonopin Anticonvulsant; Assess degree and
benzodiazepines manifestations of anxiety
and mental status,
drowsiness, unsteadiness,
and clumsiness prior to and
periodically during therapy
Clonidine/ Catapres, antihypertensives Monitor intake and output
Catapres-TTS, adrenergics ratios and daily weight, and
Duraclon centrally acting assess for edema daily,
blood pressure and pulse
frequently during initial
dosage adjustment and
periodically throughout
therapy. Assess location,
character, and intensity of
pain prior to, frequently
during first few days, and
routinely throughout
administration. Monitor
patient for signs and
symptoms of opioid
withdrawal. Monitor for
fever as potential sign of
catheter infection.
Clopidogrel/ Plavix antiplatelet agents Assess patient for symptoms
platelet of stroke, peripheral
aggregation vascular disease, signs of
inhibitors thrombotic thrombocytic
purpura or MI periodically
during therapy. Monitor CBC
with differential and platelet
count periodically during
therapy.
Clorazepate/ Gen- anticonvulsants Assess for drowsiness,
XENE, sedative/hypnotics unsteadiness, and
Tranxene, Tranxene- benzodiazepines clumsiness, anxiety and
SD mental status, alcohol
withdrawal, seizures prior to
and periodically during
therapy. CBC and liver
function tests evaluated
periodically.
Clotrimazole (topical)/ antifungals Inspect involved areas of
Cruex, Lotrimin (topical) skin and mucous
membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Increased skin irritation may
indicate need to discontinue
medication.
Rev. 08/21/08
dry skin, photosensitivity,
gynecomastia, anemia, muscle
weakness, extrapyramidal
reactions, hyperthermia.
behavioral changes,
drowsiness, ataxia
Drowsiness, depression,
dizziness, nervousness,
nightmares, bradycardia,
hypotension (increased with
epidural), palpitations, dry
mouth, constipation, nausea,
vomiting, erectile dysfunction,
rash, sweating, sodium
retention, weight gain,
withdrawal phenomenon.
Depression, dizziness, fatigue,
headache, epistaxis, cough,
dyspnea, chest pain, edema,
hypertension, GI bleeding,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, gastritis, pruritus,
purpura, rash, bleeding,
neutropenia, thrombotic
thrombocytopenic pupura,
hypercholesterolemia,
arthralgia, back pain, fever,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
lethargy, hangover, headache,
mental depression, slurred
speech, ataxia, paradoxical
excitation, blurred vision,
respiratory depression,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, weight gain
(unusual), rashes, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Burning, itching, local
hypersensitivity reactions,
redness, stinging.
50
Clotrimazole antifungals Inspect involved areas of
(vaginal)/ (vaginal) skin and mucous
Gyne-Lotrimin-3, membranes before and
Mycelex-7 frequently during therapy.
Cloxacillin/ Cloxapen anti-infectives Assess for infection, signs
penicillinase and symptoms of
resistant penicillins anaphylaxis at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Clozapine/Clozaril Antipsychotics Monitor patient's mental
status, BP, pulse, weight,
BMI, fasting BG and
cholesterol levels, signs of
myocarditis, onset of
akathisia and
extrapyramidal side effects,
tardive dyskinesia, BMs,
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome
Codeine allergy, cold and Assess blood pressure,
cough remedies pulse, respirations, pain,
antitussives bowel function, cough
opioid analgesics before and periodically
opioid agonists during administration.
Colchicine antigout agents Assess patient for toxicity,
joints for pain, mobility, and
edema, intake and output
ratios before and during
therapy. During initiation of
therapy, monitor for drug
response every 1–2 hr. In
patients receiving prolonged
therapy, monitor baseline
and periodic CBC; report
significant ↓ in values.
Colesevelam/ Welchol lipid-lowering Obtain a diet history,
agents especially in regard to fat
bile acid consumption. Monitor serum
sequestrants total cholesterol, LDL, and
triglyceride levels before
initiating, and periodically
during therapy.
Colestipol/ Colestid lipid-lowering Assess severity of itching
agents and skin integrity. Obtain a
bile acid diet history, especially in
sequestrants regard to fat consumption.
Assess frequency, amount,
Rev. 08/21/08
Itching, soreness, vulvovaginal
burning.
Seizures, diarrhea, epigastric
distress, nausea, vomiting,
eosinophilia,
pseudomembranous colitis,
interstitial nephritis, rash,
urticaria, leucopenia, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and serum sickness,
superinfection.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, seizures, dizziness,
sedation, myocarditis,
hypotension, tachycardia
constipation, agranulocytosis,
leukopenia
Confusion, sedation,
dysphoria, euphoria, floating
feeling, hallucinations,
headache, unusual dreams,
blurred vision, diplopia, miosis,
respiratory depression,
hypotension, bradycardia,
constipation, nausea,
vomiting, urinary retention,
flushing, sweating, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, anuria,
hematuria, renal damage,
alopecia, agranulocytosis,
aplastic anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, phlebitis at
IV site, peripheral neuritis.
Constipation, dyspepsia.
Irritation of the tongue,
abdominal discomfort,
constipation, nausea, fecal
impaction, flatulence,
hemorrhoids, perianal
51
 and consistency of stools.
Serum cholesterol and
triglyceride levels should be
evaluated before initiating,
frequently during first few
months and periodically
throughout therapy.
Comfrey/ Ass ear, none assigned Assess skin surface prior to
black application of this herb and
root, blackwort, at least daily during use.
bruisewort, Assess area for signs of
Consolidae infection such as redness,
radix, consound, gum swelling or drainage at least
plant, healing herb, daily during use. Assess
knitback, knitbone, response to therapy by
salsify, slippery root, evaluating adjacent wound
Symphitum officinale, for size, color and drainage
Symphitum radix, at least daily.
wallwort
Concentrated oral gel/ oral protectants Assess mouth ulcers and
Gelclair severity of pain prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Conivaptan/ Vaprisol electrolyte Monitor injection site and
modifiers neurologic status during
vasopressin administration. Monitor vital
antagonists signs frequently during
therapy. Monitor serum
sodium concentration
frequently during therapy.
Corticotrophin/ ACTH- hormones Monitor blood pressure and
80, H.P. Acthar Gel (adrenocorticotropi daily weight periodically
c) during therapy. Assess
hormones waking and sleeping
electroencephalograms
periodically in patients
treated for infantile
myoclonic seizures. Monitor
CBC, serum calcium,
electrolytes, phosphorus,
serum fasting and
postprandial glucose, and
renal function tests with
urinalysis before initiation of
therapy.
Cortisone anti inflammatories Assess patient for signs of
steroidal adrenal insufficiency, intake
corticosteroids and output ratios and daily
Rev. 08/21/08
irritation, steatorrhea,
vomiting, irritation, rashes,
hyperchloremic acidosis,
vitamin A, D, and K deficiency.
Headache, apathy, lassitude,
gastroenteritis, abdominal
pain, decreased urine output,
pulmonary hypertension,
pleural effusion, ascites,
hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice,
hepatic cirrhosis and necrosis
and death as a result of veno-
occlusive disease, oral use of
comfrey for as little as 5-7
days in a child and 19-45 days
in adults have resulted in
severe hepatic disease and
death.
None noted
Headache, confusion,
insomnia, hypertension,
hypotension, diarrhea,
polyuria, dehydration,
hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia,
hyponatremia, injections site
reactions, fever, thirst.
Depression, euphoria,
psychoses, cataracts,
increased intraocular pressure,
CHF, thromboembolism,
edema, hypertension, nausea,
increased appetite, peptic
ulceration, vomiting, weight
gain, decreased wound
healing, petechiae, acne,
ecchymoses, fragility,
hirsutism, adrenal
suppression, decreased growth
in children, hyperglycemia,
menstrual irregularities,
hypokalemia, sodium
retention, hypocalcemia,
metabolic alkalosis, atrophy at
IM sites, aseptic necrosis of
joints, myopathy,
osteoporosis, weakness,
cushingoid appearance,
increased susceptibility to
infections, pancreatitis.
Depression, euphoria,
headache, increased
intracranial pressure (children
52
 weights, peripheral edema,
steady weight gain,
rales/crackles, or dyspnea
before and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
serum electrolytes and
glucose. Guaiac-test stools.
Cosyntropin/ diagnostic agents Monitor for hypersensitivity
Cortrosyn hormones response. Plasma cortisol
(adrenocorticotropi concentrations will be
c) measured before and 30 or
hormones 60 min after administration
of cosyntropin.
Cromolyn/ Intal, antiasthmatics Evaluate pulmonary function
Gastrocrom, allergy, cold and testing before initiating
NasalCrom cough remedies therapy in asthmatics.
mast cell stabilizers Assess lung sounds and
respiratory function before
and periodically during
therapy. Assess for
symptoms of rhinitis.
Cyanocobalamin/ antianemics Assess patient for signs of
Nascobal, Rubramin vitamins vitamin B12 deficiency before
PC water soluble and periodically during
vitamins therapy. Monitor plasma
folic acid, vitamin B12, and
iron levels, hemoglobin,
hematocrit, and reticulocyte
count before treatment, 1
month after the start of
therapy, and then every 3–6
months.
Cyclobenzaprine/Flexe Skeletal muscle Assess patient for pain,
ril Relaxants muscle stiffness, and range
of motion before and
periodically throughout
therapy
Cyclophosphamide/ antineoplastics Monitor blood pressure,
Cytoxan, Neosar immunosuppressan pulse, respiratory rate, and
ts temperature; urinary
alkylating agents output; bone marrow
depression; bleeding;
nausea, vomiting, and
appetite; weight; cardiac
Rev. 08/21/08
only), personality changes,
psychoses, restlessness,
cataracts, increased
intraocular pressure,
hypertension, peptic
ulceration, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, acne, decreased
wound healing, ecchymoses,
fragility, hirsutism, petechiae,
adrenal suppression,
hyperglycemia, fluid retention
(long-term high doses),
hypokalemia, hypokalemic
alkalosis, thromboembolism,
thrombophlebitis, weight gain,
weight loss, muscle wasting,
osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis
of joints, muscle pain.
Hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Dizziness, headache, rash,
urticaria, angioedema, nausea,
unpleasant taste, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
or worsening of conditions
being treated. Intranasal—
nasal irritation, nasal
congestion, sneezing.
Inhalation—irritation of the
throat and trachea, cough,
wheezing, bronchospasm.
Headache, heart failure,
diarrhea, itching, swelling of
the body, hypokalemia,
thrombocytosis, pulmonary
edema, pain at IM site,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis.
dizziness, drowsiness, dry
mouth
Pulmonary fibrosis, myocardial
fibrosis, hypotension,
anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
hemorrhagic cystitis,
hematuria, alopecia, gonadal
suppression, syndrome of
inappropriate antidiuretic
53
 and respiratory status for
dyspnea, rales/crackles,
weight gain, edema during
therapy. Monitor CBC with
differential and platelet
count; BUN, creatinine, and
uric acid; ALT, AST, LDH,
and serum bilirubin before
and periodically during
therapy.
Cyclosporine/ Neoral, immunosuppressan Monitor serum creatinine
Sandimmune, Gengraf ts level, intake and output
antirheumatics ratios, daily weight, and
( DMARD) blood pressure during
polypeptides therapy. Assess for
cyclic symptoms of organ rejection
throughout therapy. Assess
pain and limitation of
movement prior to and
during administration. Prior
to initiating therapy,
perform a physical exam
including blood pressure on
2 occasions to determine
baseline. Monitor blood
pressure every 2 wk during
initial 3 mo, then monthly if
stable.
Cyproheptadine/ allergy, cold and Assess for adverse
Periactin, PMS- cough remedies anticholinergic effects,
Cyproheptadine antihistamines rhinitis, conjunctivitis, hives,
food intake and weight, lung
sounds and respiratory
function prior to and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Cysteamine/ Cystagon cystine depleting Assess patient for rash,
agent neurologic status, anorexia,
nausea, vomiting, and
abdominal pain throughout
therapy. Monitor leukocyte
cystine levels every 3 mo.
Monitor CBC and liver
function tests periodically
during therapy.
Cytarabine/Ara-C, antineoplastics Monitor for bone marrow
cytosine arabinoside, antimetabolites depression, bleeding, intake
Cytosar-U, DepoCyt and output ratios and daily
weights, symptoms of gout,
nutritional status,
development of cytarabine
or ara-C syndrome,
respiratory distress and
pulmonary edema, signs of
anaphylaxis, Chemical
Rev. 08/21/08
hormone (SIADH), leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
hyperuricemia, secondary
neoplasms.
Seizures, tremor, confusion,
flushing, headache, psychiatric
problems, hypertension,
diarrhea, hepatotoxicity,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal
discomfort, anorexia,
pancreatitis, nephrotoxicity,
hirsutism, acne, hyperkalemia,
hypomagnesemia, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia,
hyperesthesia, paresthesia,
gingival hyperplasia,
hypersensitivity reactions,
infections.
Drowsiness, excitation
(increased in children), blurred
vision, arrhythmias,
hypotension, palpitations, dry
mouth, constipation,
hesitancy, retention,
photosensitivity, rashes,
weight gain.
Seizures, lethargy, ataxia,
confusion, depression,
encephalopathy, headache,
hallucinations, nightmares,
somnolence, hypertension,
hearing loss, anorexia,
diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, abnormal liver function
studies, bad breath,
constipation, dyspepsia, rash,
urticaria, dehydration, anemia,
leucopenia, tremor, fever.
CNS dysfunction (high dose),
confusion, drowsiness,
headache, corneal toxicity
(high dose), hemorrhagic
conjunctivitis (high dose),
pulmonary edema (high dose),
edema, nausea, vomiting,
hepatitis, hepatotoxicity,
severe GI ulceration (high
dose), stomatitis, urinary
54
 arachnoiditis before and
during therapy. Monitor
patients receiving IT therapy
continuously for the
development of
neurotoxicity. Monitor CBC
with differential and platelet
count prior to and frequently
during therapy. Monitor
renal and hepatic function
prior to and routinely during
therapy
Cytomegalovirus vaccines/immunizin Monitor vital signs prior to,
immune g agents during, and following
Globulin/CMVIG, immune globulins infusion and before any
CytoGam increases in infusion rate.
Monitor patient for adverse
reactions throughout
therapy.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Dacarbazine/DTIC- antineoplastics Monitor vital signs; bone
Dome alkylating agents marrow depression;
bleeding; IV site; intake and
output, appetite, and
nutritional intake; and
nausea and vomiting prior
to and frequently during
therapy.
Daclizumab/Zenapax immunosuppressan Assess for fluid overload,
ts signs of anaphylactic or
monoclonal hypersensitivity reactions,
antibodies infection, vital signs and
breath sounds closely.
Obtain chest x-ray within 24
hr before beginning therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
incontinence, alopecia, rash,
sterility, anemia, leukopenia,
cytarabine syndrome, fever,
thrombocytopenia,
hyperuricemia.
Intrathecal only—chemical
arachnoiditis, abnormal gait.
Headache, tremor, anxiety,
seizures, pancytopenia,
hemolysis, leucopenia, rash,
wheezing, dyspnea, pulmonary
edema, anuria, hypotension,
back pain, thromboembolism,
nausea, fever, vomiting,
hepatic dysfunction, flushing,
oliguria, acute renal failure,
muscle cramps, allergic
reactions including chills,
anaphylaxis.
Common Side Effects
Hepatic necrosis, anorexia,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
hepatic vein thrombosis,
alopecia, facial flushing,
photosensitivity, rash, gonadal
suppression, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
pain at IV site, phlebitis at IV
site, tissue necrosis, myalgia,
facial paresthesia,
anaphylaxis, fever, flu-like
syndrome, malaise.
dizziness, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, pulmonary edema,
coughing, dyspnea, chest pain,
edema, hypertension (↑ in
children), hypotension,
tachycardia, abdominal
discomfort, constipation,
diarrhea (↑ in children),
dyspepsia, epigastric pain,
nausea, pyrosis, vomiting (↑ in
children), dysuria, oliguria,
renal tubular necrosis, acne,
impaired wound healing,
pruritus (↑ in children),
thrombosis, arthralgia, back
pain, musculoskeletal pain,
tremor, allergic reactions
55

Dactinomycin/ antineoplastics Monitor vital signs; bone
actinomycin-D, antitumor marrow depression;
Cosmegen antibiotics bleeding; signs of infection
during neutropenia; intake
and output, appetite, and
nutritional intake; nausea
and vomiting; and IV site
frequently for inflammation
or infiltration. Monitor CBC
and differential before and
periodically during therapy.
Dalteparin/ Fragmin anticoagulants Assess for signs of bleeding
antithrombotics and hemorrhage. Observe
low molecular injection sites for
weight heparins hematoma, ecchymosis, or
inflammation.
Danaparoid/ Orgaran anticoagulants Assess patient for signs of
low molecular bleeding and hemorrhage,
weight heparins bleeding from surgical site,
evidence of additional or
increased thrombosis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
epidural catheters
frequently for signs and
symptoms of neurologic
impairment. Observe
injection sites for
hematomas, ecchymosis, or
inflammation
Danazol/ Danocrine hormones Assess patient for
androgens endometrial pain, breast
pain, tenderness, and
nodules, edematous attacks
Dang quai/ Angelic None (treats Assess pain and menstrual
sinensis, Chinese menstrual pain) patterns, pregnancy test,
Angelica, Dang Gui, history of hormone sensitive
Danggui, Dong Qua, cancer, medication profile.
Ligustilides,
Phytoestrogen, Radix
angelicae giganitis,
Tang Kuei, Tan Kue
Bai Zhi
Dantrolene/ Dantrium skeletal muscle Assess bowel function,
relaxants neuromuscular status and
Rev. 08/21/08
including anaphylaxis, fever (↑
in children), post-operative
pain (↑ in children), urinary
and respiratory tract
infection(↑ in children).
Lethargy, malaise, anorexia,
nausea, stomatitis, vomiting,
abdominal pain, ascites,
diarrhea, dysphagia,
esophagitis, hepatotoxicity,
ulceration, acne, alopecia,
erythema, hyperpigmentation,
skin eruptions,
photosensitivity, rash,
pharyngitis, hypocalcemia,
gonadal suppression, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
phlebitis at IV site, myalgia,
pneumonitis, fever.
Dizziness, reversible increase
in liver enzymes, bleeding,
thrombocytopenia.
dizziness, headache, insomnia,
edema, constipation, nausea,
reversible increase in liver
enzymes, vomiting, urinary
retention, ecchymoses,
pruritus, rash, urticaria,
bleeding, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, erythema
at injection site, hematoma,
irritation, pain, fever.
emotional lability, deepening
of voice, edema, hepatitis
(cholestatic jaundice),
amenorrhea, clitoral
enlargement, testicular
atrophy, acne, hirsutism,
oiliness, amenorrhea,
anovulation, decreased breast
size (women), decreased
libido, weight gain.
Photosensitivity, can be
carcinogenic and mutagenic.
drowsiness, muscle weakness,
confusion, dizziness,
56
 (direct acting) muscle spasticity,
anesthesia history of all
surgical patients. Monitor
ECG, vital signs,
electrolytes, and urine
output continuously when
administering IV for
malignant hyperthermia.
difficulty swallowing and
choking during meals on the
day of administration.
Dapsone/ Aczone leprostatic agent Assess skin for new or toxic
dermatologic reactions
during therapy. Assess
patient for infection and
monitor respiratory status at
beginning of and throughout
therapy. Monitor AST and
ALT prior to and periodically
during therapy.
Daptomycin/ Cubicin anti-infectives Assess patient for infection
cyclic lipopeptide and signs of
antibacterial agents pseudomembranous colitis
(diarrhea, abdominal
cramping, fever, and bloody
stools)
Darbepoetin/ Aranesp antianemics Monitor blood pressure,
hormones symptoms of anemia,
rDNA allergic reactions, signs of
anaphylaxis, dialysis shunts
Darifenacin/ Enablex Urinary tract Monitor voiding pattern and
antispasmodic assess symptoms of
Anticholinergic overactive bladder (urinary
urgency, urinary
incontinence, urinary
frequency) periodically
during therapy.
Darunavir/ prazista Antiretroviral Assess patient for change in
Protease inhibitor severity of HIV symptoms
and for symptoms of
Rev. 08/21/08
headache, insomnia, malaise,
nervousness, excessive
lacrimation, visual
disturbances, pleural effusions,
changes in BP, tachycardia,
hepatotoxicity, diarrhea,
anorexia, cramps, dysphagia,
GI bleeding, vomiting,
crystalluria, dysuria,
frequency, erectile
dysfunction, incontinence,
nocturia, pruritus, sweating,
urticaria, eosinophilia,
irritation at IV site, phlebitis,
myalgia, chills, drooling, fever.
Headache, tonic-clonic
movements (topical), vertigo,
blurred vision, tinnitus,
hepatotoxicity, abdominal
pain, nausea, pancreatitis,
vomiting, exfoliative
dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, agranulocytosis,
methemoglobinemia,
reticulocytosis, hemolytic
anemia.
Dizziness, dyspnea,
hypertension, hypotension,
pseudomembranous colitis,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, ↑ liver function tests,
renal failure, pruritus, rash,
anemia, injection site
reactions, ↑ CPK, fever.
Seizures, dizziness, fatigue,
headache, weakness, cough,
dyspnea, bronchitis, CHF, MI,
stroke, thrombotic events,
edema, hypertension,
hypotension, chest pain,
abdominal pain, nausea,
diarrhea, vomiting,
constipation, pruritus, pure red
cell aplasia, myalgia,
arthralgia, back pain, limb
pain, fever, allergic reactions,
flu-like syndrome, sepsis, ↑
mortality and ↑ tumor growth
Dizziness, blurred vision,
constipation, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, nausea, heat
intolerance.
Hepatotoxicity, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
hyperglycemia, body fat
57
 opportunistic infections.
Assess for allergy to
sulfonamides. Monitor
patient for development of
rash. Monitor viral load and
CD4 counts regularly.
Monitor liver function prior
to and periodically during
therapy.
Dasatinib/ Sprycel Antineoplastic Monitor for fluid retention.
Enzyme iinhibitor Weigh regularly, and assess
for signs of pleural effusion,
pericardial effusion,
pulmonary edema, ascites.
Monitor chest x-ray in
patients with symptoms of
pleural effusion. Monitor
vital sigs. Monitor liver
function before and monthly
during treatment. Monitor
CBC weekly for first 2
months, monthly after that.
Daunorubicin citrate Antineoplastics Monitor vital signs
liposome/ daunoXome Anthracyclines before/during therapy.
Assess patient for back pain,
flushing, and chest
tightness. Monitor for bone
marrow depression. Assess
for bleeding and avoid IM
injections and taking rectal
temps. Apply pressure to
venipuncture sites for 10
min. assess for signs of
infection. Monitor for
increase fatigue, dyspnea,
and orthostatic hypotension.
Assess IV site frequently for
inflammation or infiltration.
Monitor intake/output,
appetite, and nutritional
intake. Assess for nausea
and vomiting. Administer an
Rev. 08/21/08
redistribution, rash.
Seizures, altered affect,
anxiety, confusion, depression,
drowsiness, insomnia, malaise,
syncope, vertigo,
conjunctivitis, dry eye,
tinnitus, asthma,
peneumonitis, CHF, MI,
pulmonary edema, QTC
prolongation, hypertension,
hypotension, palpitations,
abdominal pain, altered
appetite, dysgeusia,
dyspepsia, ileus, mucositis,
nausea, vomiting, renal
failure, urinary frequency,
acne, alopecia, dry skin,
flushing, nail disorder,
photosensitivity, pigment
disorder, rash , sweating,
urticaria, gynecomastia, fluid
retention, hypocalcemia,
bleeding events, anemia,
nautropenia, pancrytopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hyperuricemia, muscle
inflammation/weakness,
tremor, infections, palmar-
olanter erythrodysesthesia,
tumor lysis syndrome
Fatigue, headache, depression,
dizziness, insomnia, malaise,
rhinitis, abnormal vision,
sinusitis, cardiotoxixity, chest
pain, edema, abdominal pain,
anorexia, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, stomatitis,
tenesmus, vomiting, red urine,
gonadal suppression, alopecia,
increased sweating, pruritus,
anemia, leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia, phlebitis at
IV site, hyperuricemia, back
pain, arthralgia, myalgia,
neuropathy, allergic reactions,
chills, fever, flushing, chest
tightness, influenza-like
symptoms.
58
 antimetic periodically and
adjust diet as tolerated to
hlelp maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance and
nutritional status.
Encourage fluid intake of
2000-3000ml/day. Assess
patient for evidence of
cardiotoxicity which
manafests as CHF. Monitor
uric acid levels, CBC and
differential, hepatic and
renal functions before each
dose/ course of therapy.
Daunorubicin Antiineoplastic Monitor vital signs. Monitor Rhinitis, abnormal vision,
hydrochloride/ Anthracyclines for bone marrow depression. sinusitis, cardiotoxicity,
cerubidine Assess for bleeding and arrhythmias, nausea,
avoid IM injections and vomiting, esophagitis,
taking renal temps. Monitor hepatotoxicity, stomatitis, red
for lncrease fatigue, urine, gonadal suppression,
dyspnea, and orthostatic alopecia, anemia, leucopenia,
hypotension. Apply pressure thrombocytopenia, phlebitis at
to venipuncture sties for IV site, hyperuricemia, chills,
10min. assess IV site for fever.
inflammation or infiltration.
Monitor intake/output,
apetite, and nutritional
intake. Assess for nausea
and voimiting. Administer
antiemetic periodically and
adjust diet as tolerated to
help maintain fluid and
electrolyte balance and
nutritional status.
Encourage fluid intake of
2000-3000ml/day. Assess
patient for evidence of
cardiotoxicity, which may
manifest as CHF. Monitor
uric acid, CBC and
differential, leukocyte count,
liver, and kidney function.
Decitabine/ Dacogen Antineolastics Monitor for bone marrow Confusion, fatigue, insomnia,
depression. Assess for depression, lethargy, blurred
bleeding and avoid IM vision, cough, atrial fibrillation,
injections and taking rectal pulmonary edema,
temps. Apply pressure to tachycardia, abdominal pain,
venipuncture sites for 10 constipation, diarrhea,
min. assess for signs go stomatitis, vomiting, abnormal
infection during liver function tests, petechiae,
neutropenia. Monitor for rash, edema, hypokalemia,
increased fatigue, dyspnea, hypomagnesemia, ascites,
and orthostatic hypotension. bleeding, anemia, neutropenia,
Monitor CBC prior to each thrombocytopenia, injection
dosing cycly. Obtain liver site irritation, hyperglycemia,
chemistries and serum arthralgia, myalgia, infection,
creatinine prior to fever lymphadenopathy.
treatment.

59
Rev. 08/21/08
Deferasirox/ Exjade Antidotes Assess hearing and vision
Chelating agents prior to and periodically.
May cause high frequency
hearing loss and visual
disturbances. Assess patient
for rash during therapy.
Measure serum ferritin
monthly. Monitor serum
creatinine prior to and
monthly. Monitor urine
protein periodically.
Deferoxamine/ Antidotes In acute poisoning assess
desferal Heavy metal time, amount, and type of
antagonists iron preparation ingested.
Monitor signs of iron
toxicity. Early (abdominal
pain, bloody diarrhea,
emesis), late (decreased
level of consciousness,
shock, metabolic acidosis).
Monitor vital signs closely.
Watch for anaphylactic
reactions. Monitor
intake/output and urine
color. Monitor serum iron,
total iron binding capacity,
ferritin levels, and uring iron
excretion before and
periodically. Monitor liver
function and assess damage
of iron poisoning.
Delavirdine/ Resciptor Antiretrovirals Assess patient for changes
Non nucleoside in severity of HIV symptoms
reverse and for symptoms of
transcriptase opportunistic infections.
inhibitors Monitor viral load and CD4
cell counts.
Denileukin diftitox/ Antineolastics Monitor patient for signs and
Ontak Cytotoxic proteins symptoms of
hypersensitivity reaction.
Motitor patient for flu-like
syndrome. Assess patient
for symptoms of vascular
leak syndrome. Monitor
bowel function and fluid
status. Assess patient for
rash. Monitor CBC, blood
chemistry, liver and renal
function, serum albumin.
Rev. 08/21/08
Headache, hearing loss, ocular
disturbances, cough, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, drug-induced hepatitis,
increase serum creatinine, skin
rash, arthralgia, fever.
Blurred vision, cataracts,
ototoxicity, hypotension,
tachycardia, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, red urine, erythema,
flushing, urticaria, induration
at injection site, pain at
injection site, leg cramps,
allergic reactions, fever, shock
after rapid IV administartaion.
Fatigue, headache, diarrhea,
increased amylase, increased
liver enzymes, nausea,
vomiting, rash, pruritus, fat
redistribution.
Dizziness, headache,
confusion, insomnia,
nervousness, weakness, loss
of visual acuity. Loss of color
vision, cough, dyspnea,
pharyngitis, rhinitis, chest
pain, edema, hypotension,
tachycardia, arrhythmia,
hypotension, thrombotic
events, rash pruritis, sweating,
anorexia, diarrhea, nausea
vomiting, constipation
,dyspepsia, dysphagia,
increased transaminases,
albuminuria, hematuria,
hypocalcemia, dehydration,
hypokalemia, anemia,
leucopenia, thrombocytopenia,
injection site reactions,
hypoalbuminemia, weight loss,
myalgia, arthroalgia,
60
 paresthesia, acute
hupersensitivity reactions,
chills, fever, flu-like syndrome,
infection.
Desipramine/ Antidepressants Obtain weight and BMI Drowsiness fatigue, blurred
Norpramin, Tricyclic initiatially and periodically vision, dry eyes, dry mouth,
pertofrane antidepressants throughout therapy. Assess arrhythmias, hypotension, ECG
FBS and cholesterol levels changes, constipation, drug-
for overweight/ obese induced hepatitis, paralytic
individuals. Monitor BP and ileus, increased appetite,
pulse prior to and during weight gain, urinary retention,
therapy. Patients taking decreased libido,
high doses or with a history photosensitivity, changes in
of cardio disease should blood glucose, gynecomastia,
have ECG monitored prior to blood dyscrasias.
and periodically during
therapy. Monitor mental
status. Assess for suicidal
tendencies. Assess intensity,
quality, and location of pain.
Assess leukocyte and
differential blood counts,
liver function, and serum
glucose periodically.
Desirudin/ iprivask Anticoagulants Assess for sings of bleeding. Nauseas, bleeding, anemia,
Thrombin inhibitors Assess patient for evidence injection site reactions, wound
of thrombosis. Monitor secretion.
patients with epidural
catheters frequently for
signs of neurological
impairment. Observe
injection sites for
hematomas, ecchymosis, or
inflammation. Monitor aPTT
daily. Monitor CBC.
Desloratadine/ Allergy, cold and Assess allergy symptoms. Drowsiness, pharyngitis, dry
Clarinex cough remedies Assess lung sounds and mouth, allergic reactions
Antihistamines character of bronchial including anaphylaxis
piperidines secretions. May cause false-
negative result on allergy
skin testing
Desmopressin/ Hormones Chronic intranasal use may Drowsiness, headache,
DDAVP, DDAVP Antidiuretic cause tolerance. Monitor listlessness, nasal congestion,
Rhinal tube, hormones frequency of enuresis. rhinitis, dyspnea,
DDAVP rhinyle Monitor urine and plasma hypertension, hypotension,
drops, Octostim, osmolality and urine tachycardia, mild abdominal
Stimate volume. Assess patient for cramps, nausea, valval pain,
symptoms of dehydration. flashing, water intoxication/
Weigh patient daily. Monitor hyponatremia, phlebitis at IV
plasma factor VIII site.
coagulation, factor VIII
antigen, and ristocetin
cofactor. Monitor aPTT.
Monitor BP and pulse during
IV infusion. Monitor
intake/output and adjust
fluid intake to avoid
overhydration. Assess for

61
Rev. 08/21/08
 signs of water intoxication.
Desonide/ Desonate, Anti inflammatories Assess affected skin before
DesOwen, steroidal and daily during therapy.
Verdeso, Corticosteroids Note degree of inflammation
and pruritus. Periodic
adrenal function tests may
be ordered to assess degree
of hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
topical therapy.
Desoximetasone/ Anti inflammatories Assess affected skin before
Topicort steroidal and daily during therapy.
corticosteroids Note degree of inflammation
and pruritus. Periodic
adrenal function tests may
be ordered to assess degree
of hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
topical therapy.
Desvenlafaxine/ Antidepressants Assess mental status and
Pristiq Selective serotonin mood changes. Assess
norepinephrine suicidal tendencies. Monitor
reuptake inhibitor BP, appetite and nutritional
intake. Weight weekly.
Assess for serotonin
syndrome.
Dexamethasone/ Anti inflammatories Assess involved systems.
DexPak steroidal Assess for signs of adrenal
insufficiency. Monitor
intake/output ratios and
daily weights. Observe for
peripheral edema, steady
weight gain, rales/crackels,
or dyspnea. Children should
have periodic evaluations of
growth. Monitor for signs of
allergic reactions. Monitor
ECG. Assess for changes in
level of consciousness and
headache. Monitor serum
electrolyes and glucose.
Periodic adrenal function
tests. Dexamethasone
suppression test: obtain
baseline cortisol level;
administer dexamethasone
at 11 pm and obtain cortisol
Rev. 08/21/08
Allergic contatct dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrochosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary infection
striae, adrenal suppression.
Allergic contatct dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrochosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary infection
striae, adrenal suppression.
Seizures, anxiety, dizziness,
drowsiness, insomnia,
headache, increased
intraocular lpressure,
mydriasis, eosinophilic
pneumonia,interstitial lung
disease, hypertension,
decreased appetite,
constipation, nausea, male
sexual dysfunction, sweating,
hyponatremia, increased risk
of bleeding,
hypercholesterolemia,
hyperlipidemia, serotonin
syndrome.
Depression, euphoria,
hallucinations, headache,
increased intracranial pressure
(children only), insomnia,
personality changes,
phychoses, restlessness,
cataracts , increased
intraocular pressure,
hypertension, edema, peptic
ulceration, anorexia, nausea,
increased appetitie, vomiting,
acne, decreased woundt
healing, acchymoses,
hirsutism, petechiae, adrenal
suppression, hyperglycemia,
amenorrhea, hypokalemenia,
alkalosis, thromboembolism,
thrombophlebitis, weight gain,
muscle wasting, osteoporosis,
aseptic necrosis of joints,
muscle pain, allergic reactions,
62
 levels at 8 am the next day.
Normal response is a
decreased cortisol level
Dexamethasone anti inflammatories Assess affected skin before
(topical)/Aeroseb- steroidal and daily during therapy.
Dex, corticosteroids Periodic adrenal function
Decadron, Decaspray tests may be ordered to
assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
topical therapy if suspected.
Dexlansoprazole/ Antiulcer agents Assess patient routinely for
Kapidex Proton pump epigastric or abdominal pain
inhibitor and for frank or occult blook
in stool, emesis, or gastric
aspirate. Monitor liver
function. Monitor INR and
prothrombin time.
Dexmedatomidine/ Sedative/ hypnotics Assess level of sedation.
Precedex Monitor ECG and BP
continuously.
Dexmethylphenidate/ Central nervous Assess child’s attention
Focalin (XR) system stimulants span, impulse control, and
interactions with others.
Monitor BP, pulse, and
respiration. Obtain a history
and physical to assess for
cardiac disease. Monitor
growth (height and weight)
in children. Monitor behavior
change. Monitor CBC,
differential, and platelet
count.
Dexrazoxane/ Totect, Cardioprotective Assess extent of
Zinecard agents cardiomyopathy. Assess site
of extavasation for pain,
burning, swelling, and
redness. Monitor CBC and
platelet count. Monitor liver
function.
Dextroamphetamine/ Central nervous Monitor BP,pulse, and
Dexedrine, system stimulants respiration. Obtain history
Dextrostate Amphetamines and physical exam to assess
for cardiac disease. Moniot
weight biweekly. Monitor
height periodically in
children. Assess attention
span, impulse control, motor
and vocal tics, and
interactions with others.
Observe and document
frequency of narcoleptic
eplisodes.
Rev. 08/21/08
cushingoid appearance,
increased susceptibility to
infection
Allergic contact dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression.
Abdominal pain, diarrhea,
flatulence, nausea, vomiting.
Hypoxia, bradycardia, sinus
arrest, hypotension, transient
hypertension, nauseas,
vomiting, anemia, fever.
Behavioral disturbances,
hallucinations, insomnia,
mania, nervousness, thought
disorder, visual disturbances,
tachycardia, abdominal pain,
anorexia, nausea, growth
suppression, weight loss,
twitching, fever.
Myelosuppression, pain at
injection site.
Hyperactivity, insomnia,
restlessness, tremor,
behavioral disturbances,
depression, dizziness,
hallucinations, headache,
irritability, mania, thought
disorder, palpitations,
tachycardia, arrhythmias,
hypertension, anorexia,
constipation, cramps, diarrhea,
dry mouth, metallic taste,
nausea, vomiting, erectile
dysfunction, increased libido,
urticaria, physical dependence,
psychological dependency.
63
Dextromethorphan/ Allergy, cold, and Assess frequency and nature Dizziness, sedation, nausea
Balminil DM, Benylin cough remedies of cough, lung sounds, and
Adult (and pediatric), Antitussives amount and type of sputum
broncho-Grippol-DM, produced.
Calmylin #1,
children’s
Hold, Creo-Terpin,
Delsym, DexALone,
DM
syrup, Drixoral Liquid
cough caps, Elixsure
Children’s cough
syrup,
Gold, Koffex, little
colds
cough formula drops,
mediquell, Neo-DM,
Ornex-DM, PediCare
Infant’s long acting
cough
drops, pertussin
cough
suppressant, Protussin
CS, Pertussin ES,
Robidex, Robitussin
cough calmers,
Robitussine
GoughGels,
Robitussin maximum
strength cough
suppressant,
Robitussin
Pediatric, sedatuss,
simply cough, Sucrets
cough control formula,
TheraFlu thin strips
long
acting cough,
Triaminic
think strips long
acting
cough, Vicks 44 cough
relief, Vicks formula
44
pediatric formula
Dextrose/ Glucose, caloric sources Assess hydration status of Inappropriate insulin secretion,
Glutose, Insta- carbohydrates patients receiving IV. fluid overload, hypokalemia,
glucose, Monitor intake/output and hypomagnesemia,
Insulin Reaction electrolyte concentrations. hypophophatemia, local
Assess patient for pain/irritation at IV site,
dehydration and edema. glycosuria, hyperglycemia.
Assess nutritional status,
function of gastrointestinal
tract, and caloric needs.
Diabetic patients and
patients receiving
hypertonic dextrose solution
should have serum glucose,

64
Rev. 08/21/08
 potassium, and phosphate
monitored regularly. Monitor
IV site for phlebitis and
infection.
Diazepam/Valium Benzodiazepines, Monitor blood pressure,
antianxiety agents, pulse, and respiratory rate
anticonvulsants, prior to therapy. Conduct
sedative/hypnotics, regular assessment of
skeletal muscle continued need for
relaxants treatment. Assess mental
status and degree of
anxiety. Assess level of
sedation.
Diazoxide/Hyperstat, antihypertensives Assess patient routinely for
Proglycem hyperglycemic signs and symptoms of
vasodilators congestive heart failure,
blood pressure and pulse
every 5 min until stable and
then hourly, signs of
hyperglycemia, blood
glucose on diabetic patients
Dibucaine/ anesthetics topical Assess integrity of involved
Nupercainal local skin and mucous
membranes, signs of
infection or irritation, type,
location, and intensity of
pain before and a few
minutes after administration
of anesthetic
Diclofenac potassium/ nonopioid Assess pain and limitation of
Cataflam analgesics movement; note type,
nonsteroidal anti location, and intensity
inflammatory before and 30–60 min after
agents administration. Assess
arthritic pain (note type,
location, intensity) and
limitation of movement,
lesions.
Diclofenac sodium/ nonopioid Assess pain and limitation of
Voltaren analgesics movement; note type,
nonsteroidal anti location, and intensity
inflammatory before and 30–60 min after
agents administration. Assess
arthritic pain (note type,
location, intensity) and
limitation of movement,
lesions.
Rev. 08/21/08
dizziness, drowsiness,
lethargy, respiratory
depression, depression,
hangover, ataxia, slurred
speech, headache, paradoxical
excitation, rashes, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance.
dizziness, headache,
hypotension, tachycardia,
angina, edema, flushing,
hirsutism, hyperglycemia,
hyperuricemia, sodium and
water retention, nausea,
vomiting, constipation,
phlebitis at IV site, weakness.
Mucosal use—decreased or
absent gag reflex.
Topical use—burning, edema,
irritation, stinging, tenderness,
urticaria.
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis
dizziness, headache,
hypertension, tinnitus, GI
bleeding, abdominal pain,
constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, flatulence,
heartburn, liver enzyme
elevation, nausea, vomiting,
acute renal failure, hematuria,
exfoliative dermatitis, stevens-
johnson syndrome, toxic
epidermal necrolysis, pruritis,
rashes, eczema,
photosensitivity, edema,
anemia, prolonged bleeding
time, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Topical only—contact
dermatitis, dry skin,
exfoliation.
dizziness, headache,
hypertension, tinnitus, GI
bleeding, abdominal pain,
constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, flatulence,
heartburn, liver enzyme
elevation, nausea, vomiting,
acute renal failure, hematuria,
exfoliative dermatitis, stevens-
johnson syndrome, toxic
65

Diclofenac topical/ nonopioid Assess pain and limitation of
Solaraze analgesics movement; note type,
nonsteroidal anti location, and intensity
inflammatory before and 30–60 min after
agents administration. Assess
arthritic pain (note type,
location, intensity) and
limitation of movement,
lesions.
Diclofenac (topical nonsteroidal anti Assess pain and limitation of
patch)/ Flector inflammatory movement; note type,
agents location, and intensity
analgesics before and 30–60 min after
administration. Assess
arthritic pain (note type,
location, intensity) and
limitation of movement,
lesions.
Dicloxacillin/ Dycill, anti-infectives Assess for infection, signs
Dynapen, Pathocil penicillinase and symptoms of
resistant penicillins anaphylaxis
Dicyclomine/ Bentyl antispasmodics Assess patient for symptoms
anticholinergics of irritable bowel syndrome,
abdominal distention and
auscultate for bowel sounds,
intake and output ratios
Rev. 08/21/08
epidermal necrolysis, pruritis,
rashes, eczema,
photosensitivity, edema,
anemia, prolonged bleeding
time, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Topical only—contact
dermatitis, dry skin,
exfoliation.
dizziness, headache,
hypertension, tinnitus, GI
bleeding, abdominal pain,
constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, flatulence,
heartburn, liver enzyme
elevation, nausea, vomiting,
acute renal failure, hematuria,
exfoliative dermatitis, stevens-
johnson syndrome, toxic
epidermal necrolysis, pruritis,
rashes, eczema,
photosensitivity, edema,
anemia, prolonged bleeding
time, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Topical only—contact
dermatitis, dry skin,
exfoliation.
edema, hypertension, GI
bleeding, ↑ liver enzymes,
renal toxicity, stevens-johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis, local reactions at
treatment site, rash, allergic
reactions including
anaphylatoid reactions.
Seizures, diarrhea, epigastric
distress, nausea, vomiting,
pseudomembranous colitis, ↑
liver enzymes, interstitial
nephritis, rash, urticaria,
eosinophilia, leucopenia,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis and serum
sickness, superinfection
confusion (increased in
geriatric patients), drowsiness,
light-headedness (IM only),
blurred vision, increased
intraocular pressure,
palpitations, tachycardia,
paralytic ileus, constipation,
heartburn, decreased
salivation, dry mouth, nausea,
vomiting, erectile dysfunction,
urinary hesitancy, urinary
retention, decreased sweating,
66
 decreased lactation,
pain/redness at IM site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis
Didanosine/ ddI, antiretrovirals Monitor for change in Seizures, headache, dizziness,
Dideoxyinosine, Videx, nucleoside reverse severity of HIV symptoms insomnia, lethargy, pain,
Videx EC transcriptase and for symptoms of weakness, rhinitis, ear pain,
inhibitors opportunistic infection, epistaxis, optic neuritis,
peripheral neuropathy, parotid gland enlargement,
symptoms of pancreatitis photophobia, retinal
depigmentation, sialoadenitis,
cough, asthma, arrhythmias,
edema, hypertension,
vasodilation, liver failure,
pancreatitis, anorexia,
diarrhea, liver function
abnormalities, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain,
constipation, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, flatulence, hepatic
steatosis, stomatitis, urinary
frequency, alopecia,
ecchymoses, rash, fat
redistribution, hyperglycemia,
granulocytopenia, anemia,
bleeding, leucopenia, lactic
acidosis, hyperlipidemia,
hyperuricemia, weight loss,
rhabdomyolysis, arthritis,
myalgia, peripheral
neuropathy, poor coordination,
chills, fever, anaphylactoid
reactions.
Difenoxin/atropine// antidiarrheals Assess the frequency and dizziness, confusion,
Motofen anticholinergics consistency of stools and drowsiness, headache,
bowel sounds, fluid and insomnia, nervousness,
electrolyte balance and skin blurred vision, dry eyes,
turgor for dehydration tachycardia, constipation, dry
mouth, epigastric distress,
ileus, nausea, vomiting,
urinary retention, flushing.
Diflorasone/ Florone, anti inflammatories Assess affected skin. Note allergic contact dermatitis,
Florone E, Psorcon, steroidal degree of inflammation and atrophy, burning, dryness,
Psorcon E corticosteroids pruritus. edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression
Diflunisal/ Dolobid nonopioid Assess pain and range of dizziness, drowsiness,
analgesics motion, BP, pain (type, headache, tinnitus,
nonsteroidal anti location, and intensity) arrhythmias, ↑ in blood
inflammatory before and 1–2 hr after pressure, chest pain, edema,
agents administration GI bleeding, abdominal
salicylic acid discomfort, nausea,
derivatives constipation, diarrhea,

67
Rev. 08/21/08

Difluprednate ocular agents Assess affected eye for pain
(ophthalmic)/ Durezol corticosteroids and swelling, intraocular
pressure of difluprednate is
used more than 10 days
Digoxin/ Digitek, antiarrhythmics Monitor apical pulse for 1
Lanoxicaps, Lanoxin inotropics full min before
digitalis glycosides administering. Monitor blood
pressure periodically in
patients receiving IV
digoxin, ECG throughout IV
administration and 6 hours
after each dose, peripheral
edema, and auscultate lungs
for rales/crackles. Observe
IV site for redness or
infiltration; extravasation
can lead to tissue irritation
and sloughing
Digoxin immune Fab/ antidotes Monitor ECG, pulse, blood
Digibind, DigiFab antibody fragments pressure, and body
temperature, signs of CHF
Dihydroergotamine/ vascular headache Assess frequency, location,
D.H.E. 45, Migranal suppressants duration, and characteristics
ergot alkaloids (pain, nausea, vomiting,
visual disturbances) of
chronic headaches. During
acute attack, assess type,
location, and intensity of
pain before and 60 min after
administration. blood
pressure and peripheral
pulses, signs of ergotism,
nausea and vomiting
Diltiazem/ Cardizem, antianginals Monitor blood pressure and
Cardiazem CD, antiarrhythmics pulse, signs of CHF,
Cardizem (class IV) location, duration, intensity,
LA, Cardizem SR, antihypertensives and precipitating factors of
Cartia calcium channel patient's anginal pain, ECG,
XT, Dilacor XR, Diltia blockers
XT,
Nu-Diltiaz, Taztia XT,
Tiazac
Rev. 08/21/08
dyspepsia, vomiting, renal
failure, rash, blood dyscrasias,
prolonged bleeding time,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, chills.
↑ intraocular pressure,
blepharitis, cataracts,
conjunctival hyperemia,
corneal edema, delayed
healing, eye pain, infections,
iritis, photophobia.
fatigue, headache, weakness,
blurred vision, yellow or green
vision, arrhythmias,
bradycardia, ECG changes, A-V
block, S-A block, anorexia,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
gynecomastia,
thrombocytopenia, electrolyte
imbalances with acute digoxin
toxicity.
re-emergence of atrial
fibrillation, re-emergence of
CHF, hypokalemia.
Dizziness, rhinitis, MI,
hypertension, angina pectoris,
arterial spasm, intermittent
claudication, abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting, altered
taste, diarrhea, polydipsia,
extremity stiffness, muscle
pain, stiff neck, stiff shoulders,
leg weakness, numbness or
tingling in fingers or toes,
fatigue.
abnormal dreams, anxiety,
confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache,
nervousness, psychiatric
disturbances, weakness,
blurred vision, disturbed
equilibrium, epistaxis, tinnitus,
cough, dyspnea, arrhythmias,
CHF, peripheral edema,
bradycardia, chest pain,
hypotension, palpitations,
syncope, tachycardia,
abnormal liver function
studies, anorexia,
constipation, diarrhea, dry
mouth, dysgeusia, dyspepsia,
nausea, vomiting, dysuria,
nocturia, polyuria, sexual
68
 dysfunction, urinary
frequency, dermatitis,
erythema multiforme, flushing,
increased sweating,
photosensitivity,
pruritus/urticaria, rash,
gynecomastia, hyperglycemia,
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, weight
gain, joint stiffness, muscle
cramps, paresthesia, tremor,
stevens-johnson syndrome,
gingival hyperplasia.
Dimenhydrinate/ Calm antiemetics Assess nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, dizziness,
X, antihistamines bowel sounds, and headache, paradoxical
Dimetabs, Dinate, abdominal pain, intake and excitation (children), blurred
Dramamine, output, including emesis, vision, tinnitus, hypotension,
Dramanate, signs of dehydration palpitations, anorexia,
Hydrate, Triptone constipation, diarrhea, dry
Caplets mouth, dysuria, frequency,
photosensitivity, pain at IM
site.
Dimercaprol/ British antidotes Monitor blood pressure and Seizures, headache,
anti- pulse throughout therapy. nervousness, blepharospasm,
lewisite, BAL in Oil chelating agents Systolic blood pressure may unpleasant breath odor,
rise, and tachycardia may increased blood pressure,
occur 15–30 min after tachycardia, abdominal pain,
administration. Blood nausea, salivation, vomiting,
pressure usually returns to dysuria, nephrotoxicity,
normal within 2 hr. intake hemolysis (in G6PD-deficient
and output, temperature patients), transient leukopenia
(increased in children),
thrombocytopenia, pain at IM
site, sterile abscesses at IM
site, muscle ache, paresthesia,
burning sensation in lips,
mouth, throat, eyes, or penis,
feeling of constriction in
throat, chest, or hands, fever
Dinoprostone/ Cervidil cervical ripening Monitor frequency, duration, uterine contractile
Vaginal Insert, Prepidil agent and force of contractions abnormalities, warm feeling in
Endocervical Gel, oxytocics and uterine resting tone. vagina, back pain, fever.
Prostin prostaglandins Monitor temperature, pulse, Suppository: headache,
E Vaginal Suppository and blood pressure, drowsiness, syncope,
Auscultate breath sounds, coughing, dyspnea, wheezing,
nausea, vomiting, and hypotension, hypertension,
diarrhea, amount and type diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
of vaginal discharge, uterine rupture, urinary tract
symptoms of hemorrhage. infection, uterine
Monitor uterine activity, hyperstimulation,
fetal status, and dilation and vaginal/uterine pain, allergic
effacement of cervix reactions including
anaphylaxis, chills, fever.
Diphenhydramine/Alle allergy, cold and Assess for urticaria and for Drowsiness, dizziness,
rgy cough remedies patency of airway; degree of headache, paradoxical
Medication, AllerMax, antihistamines nasal stuffiness, rhinorrhea, excitation (increased in
Banophen, Benadryl antitussives and sneezing; movement children), blurred vision,
Dye- disorder; sleep patterns; tinnitus, hypotension,

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Free Allergy, Benadryl nausea, vomiting, bowel palpitations, anorexia, dry
Allergy, Benadryl, sounds, and abdominal mouth, constipation, nausea,
Compoz, Compoz pain; frequency and nature dysuria, frequency, urinary
Nighttime Sleep Aid, of cough, lung sounds, and retention, photosensitivity,
Diphen AF, Diphen amount and type of sputum chest tightness, thickened
Cough, Diphenhist, produced; degree of itching, bronchial secretions,
Dormin, Genahist, 40 skin rash, and inflammation wheezing, pain at IM site.
Winks, Hyrexin- 50, during therapy.
Maximum Strength
Nytol,
Maximum Strength
Sleepinal, Midol PM,
Miles
Nervine, Nighttime
Sleep
Aid, Nytol, Scot-
Tussin
Allergy DM, Siladril,
Silphen, Sleep-Eze 3,
Sleepwell 2-night,
Sominex, Snooze
Fast,
Sominex, Tusstat,
Twilite, Unisom
Nighttime
Sleep-Aid
Diphenoxylate/atropin antidiarrheals Assess the frequency and dizziness, confusion,
e// anticholinergics consistency of stools and drowsiness, headache,
Logen, Lomanate, bowel sounds, fluid and insomnia, nervousness,
Lomotil, Lonox electrolyte balance and skin blurred vision, dry eyes,
turgor for dehydration tachycardia, constipation, dry
mouth, epigastric distress,
ileus, nausea, vomiting,
urinary retention, flushing.
Dipyridamole/ antiplatelet agents Monitor blood pressure and dizziness, headache, syncope,
Dipridacot, diagnostic agents pulse. Monitor vital signs nausea, diarrhea, GI upset,
Persantine, Persantine (coronary during and for 10–15 min vomiting, rash.
IV vasodilators) after infusion. Obtain ECG in IV only—transient cerebral
platelet adhesion at least 1 lead. If severe ischemia, weakness,
inhibitors chest pain or bronchospasm bronchospasm, MI,
occurs, administer IV hypotension, arrhythmias,
aminophylline 50–250 mg at flushing.
a rate of 50–100 mg over
30–60 sec.
Dirithromycin anti-infectives Assess patient for infection dizziness/vertigo, headache,
(vital signs; appearance of insomnia, abdominal pain,
wound, sputum, urine, and diarrhea, vaginitis, dyspnea
stool; WBC) at beginning of
and throughout course of
therapy
Disopyramide antiarrhythmics Monitor blood pressure, constipation, dry
pulse, and ECG before and mouth,urinary hesitancy,
routinely throughout urinary retention
therapy. Check pulse before
administering medication
Disulfiram/ Antabuse alcohol abuse Assess patient for recent Drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
therapy adjuncts alcohol use. Monitor liver psychoses, optic neuritis,
enzyme inhibitors function tests at baseline, hepatic toxicity,

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 after 10–14 days of therapy,
and periodically thereafter.
Monitor CBC and blood
chemistry every 6 months
during therapy.
Divalproex sodium anticonvulsants, Monitor CBC, platelet count,
vascular headach and bleeding time prior to
suppressants and periodically during
therapy; Assess location,
duration, and characteristics
of seizure activity; Monitor
frequency of migraine
headaches; Assess mood,
ideation, and behavior
frequently
DOBUTamine/ inotropics Monitor blood pressure,
Dobutrex adrenergics heart rate, ECG, pulmonary
capillary wedge pressure
(PCWP), cardiac output,
CVP, and urinary output
continuously during the
administration. Palpate
peripheral pulses and assess
appearance of extremities
routinely throughout
administration. Monitor
potassium concentrations
during therapy
Docetaxel antineoplastics Monitor vital signs before
and after administration;
Monitor CBC and differential
before each treatment
Docosanol/Abreva antivirals (topical) Assess skin lesions prior to
and periodically throughout
therapy
Docusate laxative Assess for abdominal
distention, presence of
bowel sounds, and usual
pattern of bowel function;
Assess color, consistency,
and amount of stool
produced
Docusate calcium laxative Assess for abdominal
distention, presence of
bowel sounds, and usual
pattern of bowel function;
Assess color, consistency,
and amount of stool
produced
Docusate stool softeners; Assess patient for abdominal
sodium/Colace laxative distention, presence of
bowel sounds, and normal
pattern of bowel function;
color, consistency, and
amount of stool produced
Docusate laxative Assess patient for abdominal
sodium/senna distention, presence of
Rev. 08/21/08
metallic/garlic-like taste,
erectile dysfunction, acneiform
eruptions, allergic dermatitis,
peripheral neuritis/neuropathy,
polyneuritis.
agitation, dizziness, headache,
insomnia, sedation, visual
disturbances, tremor,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
anorexia, diarrhea, indigestion,
nausea, vomiting
Headache, shortness of
breath, hypertension,
increased heart rate,
premature ventricular
contractions, angina pectoris,
arrhythmias, hypotension,
palpitations, nausea, vomiting,
phlebitis, hypersensitivity
reactions including skin rash,
fever, bronchospasm or
eosinophilia, nonanginal chest
pain.
fatigue, weakness, peripheral
edema, diarrhea, nausea,
stomatitis, vomiting, alopecia,
rashes, anemia,
thrombocytopenia
acne, skin, itching, rash
Throat irritation. mild cramps
rashes
Throat irritation. mild cramps
rashes
Throat irritation. mild cramps
rashes
electrolyte imbalances,,
dehydration, abdominal
71
 bowel sounds, and normal cramps, nausea, vomiting,
pattern of bowel function; diarrhea, rashes, urine
color, consistency, and discoloration
amount of stool produced
Dofetilide antiarrhythmics Creatinine clearance must dizziness, headache,
be calculated for all patients ventricular arrhythmias, chest
prior to administration and pain, QT interval prolongation
every 3 months during
therapy; Assess the
patient's medication history
including OTC, Rx, and
natural/herbal products,
with emphasis on those that
interact with dofetilide;
Monitor ECG, pulse, and
blood pressure continuously
during initiation of therapy
Dolasetron antiemetics Assess patient for nausea, headache (increased in cancer
vomiting, abdominal patients), dizziness, fatigue,
distention, and bowel syncope, bradycardia, ECG
sounds before and after changes, hypertension,
administration hypotension, tachycardia,
diarrhea, dyspepsia.
Donepezil anti-Alzheimers's Administer Mini-Mental headache, abnormal dreams,
agents Status Exam (MMSE) depression, diarrhea, nausea
initially and periodically as a
screening tool to rate
cognitive functioning;
Administer Clock Drawing
Test initially and periodically
as a screening tool to
measure severity of
dementia
DOPamine/ Intropin inotropics Monitor blood pressure, Headache, mydriasis (high
vasopressors heart rate, pulse pressure, dose), dyspnea, arrhythmias,
adrenergics ECG, pulmonary capillary hypotension, angina, ECG
wedge pressure (PCWP), change, palpitations,
cardiac output, CVP, and vasoconstriction, nausea,
urinary output continuously vomiting, piloerection,
during administration. irritation at IV site.
Monitor urine output
frequently throughout
administration. Palpate
peripheral pulses and assess
appearance of extremities
routinely during
administration.
Doripenem anti-infectives Assess patient for infection headache, pseudomembranous
(vital signs; appearance of colitis, diarrhea, nausea, ↑
wound, sputum, urine, and liver enzymes.
stool; WBC) at beginning of
and during therapy; Obtain
a history before initiating
therapy to determine
previous use of and
reactions to penicillins,
cephalosporins or
carbapenems; Obtain

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 specimens for culture and
sensitivity before initiating
therapy
Dornase alfa cystic fibrosis Assess vital signs and sore throat, voice alteration,
therapy adjuncts respiratory status (lung conjunctivitis, hoarseness,
sounds, respiratory rate, rhinitis, chest pain, rash
amount and color of
sputum, dyspnea)
periodically throughout
therapy. Incidence of cough,
rash, and rhinitis is greater
in children under 5 yr
Doxacurium neuromuscular Monitor ECG, heart rate, rash, atracurium—skin
blocking agents and blood pressure flushing, allergic reactions
nondepolarizing throughout administration; including anaphylaxis
Neuromuscular response
should be monitored with a
peripheral nerve stimulator
intraoperatively; Assess
respiratory status
continuously throughout
therapy
Doxapram central nervous Because of narrow margin of Seizures, apprehension,
system stimulants safety and indications for disorientation, dizziness,
use, patient must be headache, gagging, mydriasis,
monitored constantly when laryngospasm, bronchospasm,
receiving doxapram and cough, dyspnea, hiccups,
until patient is fully alert for rebound hypoventilation,
30–60 min; Monitor ABGs tachypnea
prior to and every 30 min
during therapy; Monitor vital
signs, ECG, and
hemodynamic parameters
Doxazosin antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and dizziness, headache, first-dose
pulse 2–6 hr after first dose, orthostatic hypotension,
with each increase in dose, abnormal vision, blurred
and periodically during vision, conjunctivitis, epistaxis
therapy
Doxepin antianxiety agents, Monitor blood pressure and fatigue, sedation, blurred
antidepressants, pulse rate prior to and vision, hypotension,
antihistamines during initial therapy; constipation, dry mouth
Assess weight and BMI
initially and throughout
treatment; Assess degree
and manifestations of
anxiety prior to and during
therapy; Assess the type,
location, and severity of
pain prior to and periodically
during therapy; Assess
pruritic area prior to and
periodically during therapy
Doxercalciferol vitamins Assess for symptoms of dizziness, headache, malaise,
vitamin deficiency prior to dyspnea, edema, nausea,
and periodically during vomiting
therapy; Assess patient for
bone pain and weakness
prior to and during therapy;

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 Serum ionized calcium,
phosphorus, and intact PTH
concentrations should be
monitored prior to initiation
of therapy
DOXOrubicin antineoplastics Monitor blood pressure, Recall pneumonitis,
hydrochloride/ anthracyclines pulse, respiratory rate, and cardiomyopathy, ECG changes,
Adriamycin PFS, temperature; bone marrow diarrhea, esophagitis, nausea,
Adriamycin RDF, depression; bleeding; intake stomatitis, vomiting, red urine,
Rubex and output ratios; signs of alopecia, photosensitivity,
cardiac toxicity; and oral sterility, prepubertal growth
mucosa frequently for failure with temporary gonadal
development of stomatitis impairment (children only),
before and periodically anemia, leukopenia,
during therapy. Severe and thrombocytopenia, phlebitis at
protracted nausea and IV site, tissue necrosis,
vomiting may occur as early hyperuricemia,
as 1 hr after therapy and hypersensitivity reactions.
may last 24 hr. Monitor CBC
and differential prior to and
periodically during therapy.
DOXOrubicin antineoplastics Monitor CBC and differential nausea, anemia, leukopenia,
hydrochloride prior to and periodically thrombocytopenia,
liposome during therapy; Monitor anaphylactoid allergic
renal (BUN and creatinine) reactions, acute infusion-
and hepatic (AST, ALT, LDH, related reactions, fever.
and serum bilirubin)
function prior to and
periodically during therapy
DOXOrubicin, antineoplastics Monitor CBC and differential nausea, anemia, leukopenia,
liposomal anthracyclines prior to and periodically thrombocytopenia,
during therapy; Monitor anaphylactoid allergic
renal (BUN and creatinine) reactions, acute infusion-
and hepatic (AST, ALT, LDH, related reactions, fever.
and serum bilirubin)
function prior to and
periodically during therapy
Doxycycline anti-infectives Assess for infection (vital Pseudomembranous colitis,
signs; appearance of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
wound, sputum, urine, and photosensitivity
stool; WBC) at beginning of
and during therapy; Obtain
specimens for culture and
sensitivity before initiating
therapy
Dronabinol antiemetics Assess nausea, vomiting, anxiety, concentration
appetite, bowel sounds, and difficulty, confusion, dizziness,
abdominal pain prior to and drowsiness, dry mouth
following the administration
of this drug; Monitor
hydration, nutritional status,
and intake and output
Droperidol sedative/hypnotics Assess nausea, vomiting, Seizures, extrapyramidal
hydration status, bowel reactions, hypotension,
sounds, and abdominal pain tachycardia
prior to and following
administration; Monitor
blood pressure and heart

74
Rev. 08/21/08
 rate frequently during
therapy
Drotrecogin/ Xigris activated protein c Assess for signs of bleeding, Bleeding
human hemorrhage, and infection.
anti-infectives Use PT to monitor
coagulation status of
patients receiving
drotrecogin.
Duloxetine antidepressants Monitor blood pressure Seizures, suicidal thoughts,
before and periodically fatigue, drowsiness, insomnia,
during therapy; Assess hepatotoxicity, ↓ appetite,
suicidal tendencies in both constipation, dry mouth,
adults and children, nausea,dysuria
especially in early therapy
or during dose changes;
Assess mental status
Dutasteride benign Digital rectal examinations decreased libido, ejaculation
prostatichyperplasi should be performed before disorders, erectile dysfunction,
a bph agents and periodically during rash, urticaria.
therapy for BPH; Assess
patient for symptoms of
prostatic hyperplasia
Dyclonine/ Sucrets anesthetics topical Assess integrity of involved Mucosal use—decreased or
Children's Sore local skin and mucous absent gag reflex.
Throat, membranes, signs of Topical use—burning, edema,
Dyclone, Sucrets infection or irritation, type, irritation, stinging, tenderness,
Maximum Strength, location, and intensity of urticaria.
Vapor Lemon Sucrets pain before and a few allergic reactions including
minutes after administration anaphylaxis
of anesthetic
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be Common Side Effects
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration

Echinacea anti-infectives Assess frequency of illness Dizziness, fatigue, headache,

antipyretics during therapy. somnolence, heartburn, n/v,
tingling sensation on tongue,
sore throat, heartburn, allergic
reaction, abdominal pain, rash,
diarrhea, fever
Econazole antifungals Inspect involved areas of Burning, itching, local
(Spectazole) (topical) skin hypersensitivity reactions,
redness, stinging
Eculizumab (Soliris) hemostatic agent Monitor for infusion reaction Meningococcal infections,
complement during administration. headache, back pain,
inhibitors nasopharyngitis, nausea,
fatigue, sinusitis, cough,
constipation, myalgia,
extremity pain, herpes simplex
infection, influenza-like illness
Edentate calcium antidotes Monitor intake and output Nephrotoxicity, headache, n/v,
disodium chelating agents and daily weight; LOC lacrimation, nasal congestion,
before and during therapy. sneezing, arrhythmia, ECG
changes, hypotension, anemia,
anorexia, glycosuria, myalgia,
proteinuria, hypercalcemia,
zinc deficiency, pain at IM site,

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 phlebitis at IV site, fever,
arthralgia, numbness, tingling,
tremor, chills, excessive thirst
Efalizumab (Raptiva) antipsoriatics Assess for signs of infections Malignancies, serious
monoclonal before and during therapy. infections, headache,
antibodies photosensitivity, worsening of
psoriasis, pain, arthritis, toxic
epidermal necrolysis, fever,
hemolytic anemia, arthralgia,
dose reactions,
thrombocytopenia, first
hypersensitivity reactions,
inflammatory/ immune
mediated reactions
Efavirenz (Sustiva) antiretrovirals Assess for rash, CNS and Rash, nausea, fatigue, renal
non-nucleoside psychiatric symptoms before calculi, abnormal dreams,
reverse and during therapy. dizziness, drowsiness,
transcriptase headache, insomnia, impaired
inhibitors concentration, nervousness,
psychiatric symptomatology,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
diarrhea, dyspepsia, pruritus,
flatulence, hematuria,
hypoesthesia, increased
sweating
Eflornithine (topical) facial hair removers Assess facial hair before Burning, rash, stinging,
(Vaniqa) (topical) administration. tingling
Eletriptan (Relpax) vascular headache Assess pain location, Dizziness, drowsiness,
suppressants; intensity, character, weakness, chest tightness/
five ht1 agonists duration, and associated pressure, abdominal pain, dry
symptoms before and during mouth, dysphagia, nausea,
therapy. paresthesia
Eltrombopag anti- Monitor for unusual Hepatotoxicity, bone marrow
(Promacta) thrombocytopenic bleeding; signs/ symptoms changes, development or
thrombopoetin of cataracts before and worsening of cataracts
receptor agonists during therapy.
Emtricitabine antiretroviral; Monitor HIV symptoms Severe hepatomegaly with
(Emtriva) nucleoside reverse before and during therapy. steatosis, lactic acidosis,
transcriptase dizziness, rash, headache,
inhibitors diarrhea, insomnia, weakness,
abdominal pain, nausea,
cough, depression,
nightmares, dyspepsia, skin
discoloration, vomiting, fat
redistribution, neuropathy,
paresthesia, arthralgia,
myalgia, rhinitis
Enalapril/ Enalaprilat// antihypertensives Monitor BP, pulse, and signs Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
Vasotec, Vasotec IV ace inhibitors of angioedema. Monitor vertigo, weakness, cough,
weight and assess patient hypotension, chest pain,
routinely for resolution of abdominal pain, diarrhea,
fluid overload. Monitor renal nausea, vomiting, proteinuria,
function. impaired renal function,
rashes, hyperkalemia,
dyspnea, angioedema.
Enfuvirtide (Fuzeon) antiretrovirals Assess for injection site Fatigue, diarrhea, injection site
fusion inhibitors reactions before and during reactions, nausea, cough,
therapy. conjunctivitis, pneumonia,

76
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 sinusitis, abdominal pain, dry
mouth, anorexia, pancreatitis,
weight loss, myalgia, herpes
simplex, limb pain,
hypersensitivity reactions,
Enoxaparin (Lovenox) anticoagulants Assess for signs of bleeding Bleeding, anemia, dizziness,
antithrombotics and hemorrhage before and headache, insomnia, urinary
low molecular during therapy. retention, edema, reversible
weight heparins increase in liver enzymes, n/v,
constipation, ecchymoses,
pruritus, hyperkalemia, rash,
urticaria, irritation, fever,
thrombocytopenia, erythema
at injection site, hematoma,
pain
Entacapone (Comtan) antiparkinson Monitor for diarrhea, assess Neuroleptic malignant
agents; catechol o- parkinsonian and EPS syndrome, rhabdomyolysis,
methyltransferase symptoms before and during dizziness, hallucinations,
inhibitors therapy. syncope, diarrhea, pulmonary
infiltrates, pleural effusion,
pleural thickening, nausea,
hypotension, abdominal pain,
retroperitoneal fibrosis,
brownish-orange discoloration
of urine, dyskinesia
Entecavir (Baraclude) antivirals Monitor liver function Hepatomegaly w/steatosis,
nucleoside lactic acidosis, dizziness, rash,
analogues fatigue, headache, dyspepsia,
nausea
Epinephrine/Adrenalin antiasthmatics Assess lung sounds, Nervousness, restlessness,
, bronchodilators respiratory pattern, pulse, tremor, headache, insomnia,
Ana-Guard, vasopressors and blood pressure; paradoxical bronchospasm
AsthmaHaler Mist, adrenergics pulmonary function tests; (excessive use of inhalers),
AsthmaNefrin ECG; and nasal and sinus angina, arrhythmias,
(racepinephrine), congestion before hypertension, tachycardia,
EpiPen, microNefrin, administration and during nausea, vomiting,
Nephron, Primatene, peak of medication. hyperglycemia.
Sus-Phrine, S-2 Symptoms of overdose
include persistent agitation,
chest pain or discomfort,
decreased blood pressure,
dizziness, hyperglycemia,
hypokalemia, seizures,
tachyarrhythmias, persistent
trembling, and vomiting.
Epirubicin (Ellence) antineoplastics Monitor CBC, bone marrow Cardiotoxicity, leucopenia,
anthracyclines depression, ECG before and anaphylaxis, infection,
during therapy. alopecia, n/v, lethargy,
anorexia, diarrhea, mucositis,
flushing, radiation-recall
reaction, itching, rash,
photosensitivity, skin/nail
hyperpigmentation, gonadal
suppression, anema, tissue
necrosis, thrombocytopenia,
treatment-related leukemia/
myelodysplastic syndromes,
injection site reactions, hot

77
Rev. 08/21/08
 flashes, phlebitis at IV site,
hyperuricemia
Eplerenone/ Inspra antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure Dizziness, fatigue, abnormal
aldosterone periodically during therapy. liver function tests, abdominal
antagonists Monitor serum potassium pain, diarrhea, albuminuria,
levels prior to starting abnormal vaginal bleeding,
therapy, within the first wk, gynecomastia, hyperkalemia,
at 1 month following start of hypercholesterolemia,
therapy or dose hypertriglyceridemia, flu-like
adjustmentand periodically symptoms.
thereafter.
Epoetin antianemics BP, monitor for symptoms of Seizures, stroke, CHF,
hormones anemia before and during thrombotic events, MI,
therapy. hypertension, headache,
transient rashes, restored
fertility, resumption of
menses, increased mortality
and tumor growth.
Epoprostenol vasodilators Monitor hemodynamic Anxiety, headache, dizziness,
prostaglandins parameters before and tachycardia, hypotension, n/v,
during therapy. chest pain, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, flushing, myalgia,
jaw pain, hypesthesia/ hyper-
esthesia/paresthesia, flu-like
symptoms, dyspnea, injection
site reactions
Eprosartan (Teveten) antihypertensives BP (lying, sitting, standing), Angioedema, depression,
angiotensin ii and pulse before and during fatigue, hypotension, rhinitis,
receptor therapy. pharyngitis, hyperkalemia,
antagonists abdominal pain, impaired renal
function, pain
Eptifibatide antiplatelet agents Assess for bleeding before Bleeding including GI and
(Integrilin) glycoprotein iib iiia and during therapy. intracranial, hematuria, and
inhibitors hematomas, hypotension
Ergocalciferol (Drisdol, fat soluble vitamins Assess for vitamin Pancreatitis, dizziness,
Vitamin D2) deficiency, bone pain and headache, malaise, weakness,
weakness, hypocalcemia somnolence, conjunctivitis,
before and during therapy. photophobia, rhinorrhea, dry
mouth, edema, hypertension,
dyspnea, arrhythmias, liver
function test elevation, weight
loss, anorexia, constipation,
metallic taste, n/v, polydypsia,
albuminuria, azotemia, bone
pain, decreased libido, muscle
pain, hyperthermia, nocturia,
polyuria, pruritus, metastatic
calcification, hypercalcemia
Ergonovine oxytocics BP, pulse, and respirations q n/v, dizziness, headache,
(ergometrine, 15-30 minutes before and chest pain, tinnitus,
Ergotrate) during therapy. hypertension, arrhythmias,
palpitations, sweating, allergic
reactions
Ergotamine (Ergomar, vascular headache BP, peripheral pulses before MI, hypertension, abdominal
Ergostat) suppressants; and during therapy. pain, n/v, dizziness, diarrhea,
ergot alkaloids polydipsia, angina pectoris,
stiff shoulders, intermittent
claudication, stiff neck, leg

78
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 weakness, extremity stiffness,
fatigue, numbness/tingling in
fingers or toes, muscle pain
Erlotinib (Tarceva) antineoplastics Respiratory status, liver Interstitial lung disease,
enzyme inhibitors function tests dyspnea, diarrhea, rash,
fatigue, conjunctivitis, corneal
ulceration, abdominal pain,
cough, n/v, increased liver
transaminase, stomatitis,
anorexia, dry skin, pruritis
Ertapenem (Invanz) anti-infectives Assess for infection before Pseudomembranous colitis,
carbapenems and during therapy. seizures, hypersensitivity
reactions, headache, n/v,
diarrhea, vaginitis, phlebitis at
IV site, pain at IM site
Erythromyocin oral/ Macrolides, anti- Assess patient for infection Ventricular arrhythmias,
E-mycin infectives and bowel function pseudomembranous colitis,
nausea, vomiting, allergic
reactions, super infection
Erythromycin anti-infectives Monitor bowel function Pseudomembranous colitis,
(parenteral) macrolides ventricular arrhythmias, QTC
(Erythrocin) prolongation, phlebitis at IV
site, n/v, seizures, drug-
induced hepatitis, cramping,
ototoxicity, hypotension,
abdominal pain, infantile
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis,
superinfection, rashes, drug-
induced pancreatitis, allergic
reactions
Erythromycin topical/ anti-infectives Assess patient for prior rashes, pruritis, allergic
Akne-Mycin, Del- macrolides history of hypersensitivity or reactions
Mycin, A/T/S, E/Gel, allergy to erythromycin
Emgel, Erycette,
Erygel, EryMax,
Erysol, ETS, Staticin,
Theramycin Z,
T-Stat
Escitalopram/Lexapro selective serotonin Assess for suicidal insomnia, diarrhea, nausea
reuptake inhibitors tendencies, mood changes
ssris; and level of anxiety, sexual
antidepressant dysfunction during therapy
Esmolol (Brevibloc) antiarrhythmics BP, ECG, and pulse, monitor Fatigue, hypotension, n/v,
beta blockers I&Os agitation, confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, weakness,
peripheral ischemia, injection
site reactions, sweating
Esomeprazole antiulcer agents Assess for epigastric or Headache, abdominal pain,
(Nexium) proton pump abdominal pain or blood in constipation, diarrhea, dry
inhibitors stool mouth, flatulence, nausea
Estazolam (ProSom) sedative/hypnotic Assess sleep patterns Drowsiness, headache,
benzodiazepines weakness, abnormal thinking,
behavior changes, abnormal
dreams, sleep-driving, chest
pain, confusion, depression,
dizziness, hangover, malaise,
nervousness, abdominal pain,
pharyngitis, dyspepsia, cold

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 symptoms, nausea, stiffness,
lower extremity pain, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, hypokinesia, back
pain, abnormal coordination,
body pain
Estradiol hormones; BP, monitor I&Os Thromboembolism, MI,
estrogens headache, edema, intolerance
to contact lenses,
hypertension, nausea, weight
changes, oily skin, erectile
dysfunction, amenorrhea,
dysmenorrhea, breast
tenderness, testicular atrophy,
dizziness, lethargy, vomiting,
worsening of myopia or
astigmatism, anorexia, loss of
libido, increased appetite,
jaundice, urticaria, leg cramps,
breakthrough bleeding, vaginal
candidiasis, cervical erosions,
pigmentation, hyperglycemia,
hypercalcemia, acne, sodium
and water retention
Estramustine/ Emcyt antineoplastics Monitor blood pressure; Insomnia, thromboembolism,
hormones intake and output ratios and edema, hypertension,
alkylating agents weekly weight; and blood diarrhea, nausea, anorexia,
glucose closely in diabetic flatulence, vomiting, bruising,
patients throughout dry skin, pruritis, rashes,
therapy. Monitor decreased libido,
hematologic and hepatic gynecomastia, gonadal
functions, serum calcium, suppression (azoospermia),
and phosphorus periodically hyperglycemia, leukopenia,
throughout therapy. thrombocytopenia, leg cramps,
dyspnea, angioedema, allergic
reactions.
Estrogens hormones BP, monitor I&Os Thromboembolism, MI,
(conjugated) estrogens headache, edema,
amenorrhea, hypertension,
nausea, weight changes,
erectile dysfunction,
dysmenorrhea, oily skin,
breast tenderness, testicular
atrophy, acne, breakthrough
bleeding, gynecomastia,
lethargy, mental depression,
dizziness, anorexia, insomnia,
increased appetite, jaundice,
vomiting, urticaria, cervical
erosion, pigmentation, vaginal
candidiasis, urticaria, loss of
libido, hyperglycemia,
hypercalcemia, Na & H2O
retention, leg cramps
Estropipate hormones; BP, monitor I&Os Thromboembolism, MI,
estrogens headache, edema,
amenorrhea, hypertension,
nausea, weight changes,

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 erectile dysfunction,
dysmenorrhea, oily skin,
breast tenderness, testicular
atrophy, acne, breakthrough
bleeding, gynecomastia,
intolerance to conact lenses,
lethargy, mental depression,
dizziness, anorexia, insomnia,
increased appetite, jaundice,
vomiting, urticaria, cervical
erosion, pigmentation, vaginal
candidiasis, urticaria, loss of
libido, hyperglycemia,
hypercalcemia, Na & H2O
retention, leg cramps
Eszopiclone (Lunesta) sedative/hypnotic Assess sleep patterns; Abnormal thinking, behavior
cyclopyrrolones mental status changes, hallucinations, chest
pain, headache, depression,
dry mouth, peripheral edema,
rash, unpleasant taste, sleep-
driving
Etanercept (Enbrel) antirheumatics Assess ROM, swelling, and Infections, injection site
(DMARDS), anti tnf pain in affected joints reactions, upper respiratory
agents tract infection, rhinitis, cough,
dizziness, weakness, sinusitis,
pharygitis, respiratory
disorder, abdominal pain,
dyspepsia, rash, pancytopenia,
increased risk of malignancies
Ethacrynic acid loop diuretics BP, pulse, daily weight, Agranulocytosis, fatigue,
(Edecrin) I&Os dehydration, vertigo,
hypochloremia, confusion,
hypokalemia, headache,
hyponatremia, anorexia,
hypomagnesemia, hearing
loss, metabolic acidosis,
hypovolemia, nervousness,
rash, tinnitus, hypotension,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, n/v,
excessive urination,
hematuria, hyperglycemia,
hyperuricemia, dry mouth
Ethambutol antituberculars Assess lung sounds, visual Hepatitis, optic neuritis,
(Myambutol) function confusion, dizziness,
headache, hallucination,
malaise, fever, abdominal
pain, anorexia, n/v,
hyperuricemia, joint pain,
anaphylactoid reactions,
peripheral neuritis,
Ethinyl contraceptive Assess blood pressure, depression, migraine
estradiol/desogestrel hormones acne before and headache, contact lens
(Apri 28, Desogen, periodically during intolerance, optic neuritis,
Ortho-Cept, Reclipsen, therapy. Monitor hepatic retinal thrombosis, cerebral
Solia, Kariva, function periodically hemorrhage, cerebral
Mircette, Cesia, during therapy. Estrogens thrombosis, coronary
Cyclessa, Velivet) only—May cause ↑ serum thrombosis, pulmonary
glucose, sodium, embolism, edema,

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Rev. 08/21/08
 triglyceride, VHDL, total hypertension, Raynaud's
cholesterol, prothrombin, phenomenon, thromboembolic
and factors VII, VIII, IX, phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
and X levels. May cause ↓ abdominal cramps, bloating,
LDL and antithrombin III cholestatic jaundice,
Levels. gallbladder disease, liver
tumors, nausea, vomiting,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
spotting, melasma, rash,
hyperglycemia, weight change.
Ethinyl contraceptive Assess blood pressure, depression, migraine
estradiol/drospirenone hormones acne before and headache, contact lens
(Yasmin, Yaz) periodically during intolerance, optic neuritis,
therapy. Monitor hepatic retinal thrombosis, cerebral
function periodically hemorrhage, cerebral
during therapy. Estrogens thrombosis, coronary
only—May cause ↑ serum thrombosis, pulmonary
glucose, sodium, embolism, edema,
triglyceride, VHDL, total hypertension, Raynaud's
cholesterol, prothrombin, phenomenon, thromboembolic
and factors VII, VIII, IX, phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
and X levels. May cause ↓ abdominal cramps, bloating,
LDL and antithrombin III cholestatic jaundice,
Levels. gallbladder disease, liver
tumors, nausea, vomiting,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
spotting, melasma, rash,
hyperglycemia, weight change.
Ethinyl contraceptive Assess blood pressure, depression, migraine
estradiol/ethynodiol hormones acne before and headache, contact lens
(Kelnor 1/35, Zovia periodically during intolerance, optic neuritis,
1/35, Zovia 1/50) therapy. Monitor hepatic retinal thrombosis, cerebral
function periodically hemorrhage, cerebral
during therapy. Estrogens thrombosis, coronary
only—May cause ↑ serum thrombosis, pulmonary
glucose, sodium, embolism, edema,
triglyceride, VHDL, total hypertension, Raynaud's
cholesterol, prothrombin, phenomenon, thromboembolic
and factors VII, VIII, IX, phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
and X levels. May cause ↓ abdominal cramps, bloating,
LDL and antithrombin III cholestatic jaundice,
Levels. gallbladder disease, liver
tumors, nausea, vomiting,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
spotting, melasma, rash,
hyperglycemia, weight change.
Ethinyl contraceptive Assess blood pressure, depression, migraine
estradiol/etonogestrel hormones acne before and headache, contact lens
(NuvaRing) periodically during intolerance, optic neuritis,
therapy. Monitor hepatic retinal thrombosis, cerebral
function periodically hemorrhage, cerebral
during therapy. Estrogens thrombosis, coronary
only—May cause ↑ serum thrombosis, pulmonary
glucose, sodium, embolism, edema,
triglyceride, VHDL, total hypertension, Raynaud's

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Rev. 08/21/08
 cholesterol, prothrombin, phenomenon, thromboembolic
and factors VII, VIII, IX, phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
and X levels. May cause ↓ abdominal cramps, bloating,
LDL and antithrombin III cholestatic jaundice,
Levels. gallbladder disease, liver
tumors, nausea, vomiting,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
spotting, melasma, rash,
hyperglycemia, weight change.
Ethinyl contraceptive Assess blood pressure, depression, migraine
estradiol/levonorgestr hormones acne before and headache, contact lens
el periodically during intolerance, optic neuritis,
(Alesse-28, Aviane- therapy. Monitor hepatic retinal thrombosis, cerebral
28, Lessina-28, function periodically hemorrhage, cerebral
Levlen-28, Levlite-28, during therapy. Estrogens thrombosis, coronary
Levora-28, Lutera, only—May cause ↑ serum thrombosis, pulmonary
Nordette-28, Portia- glucose, sodium, embolism, edema,
28, Sronyx, Enpresse, triglyceride, VHDL, total hypertension, Raynaud's
Tri-Levlen, Triphasil cholesterol, prothrombin, phenomenon, thromboembolic
28, Trivora 28, Lybrel, and factors VII, VIII, IX, phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
Seasonale, and X levels. May cause ↓ abdominal cramps, bloating,
Seasonique) LDL and antithrombin III cholestatic jaundice,
Levels. gallbladder disease, liver
tumors, nausea, vomiting,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
spotting, melasma, rash,
hyperglycemia, weight change,
uterine imbedment/uterine
rupture.
Ethinyl contraceptive Assess blood pressure, depression, migraine
estradiol/norelgestrom hormones acne before and headache, contact lens
in (Ortho Evra) periodically during intolerance, optic neuritis,
therapy. Monitor hepatic retinal thrombosis, cerebral
function periodically hemorrhage, cerebral
during therapy. Estrogens thrombosis, coronary
only—May cause ↑ serum thrombosis, pulmonary
glucose, sodium, embolism, edema,
triglyceride, VHDL, total hypertension, Raynaud's
cholesterol, prothrombin, phenomenon, thromboembolic
and factors VII, VIII, IX, phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
and X levels. May cause ↓ abdominal cramps, bloating,
LDL and antithrombin III cholestatic jaundice,
Levels. gallbladder disease, liver
tumors, nausea, vomiting,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
spotting, melasma, rash,
hyperglycemia, weight change.
Ethinyl contraceptive Assess blood pressure, depression, migraine
estradiol/norethindron hormones acne before and headache, contact lens
e periodically during intolerance, optic neuritis,
(Balziva, Brevicon, therapy. Monitor hepatic retinal thrombosis, cerebral
Femcon Fe, Junel 21 function periodically hemorrhage, cerebral
1/20, Junel 21 1.5/20, during therapy. Estrogens thrombosis, coronary
Junel Fe 1/20, Junel only—May cause ↑ serum thrombosis, pulmonary
Fe 1.5/30, Loestrin 21 glucose, sodium, embolism, edema,

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1/20, Loestrin 21 triglyceride, VHDL, total hypertension, Raynaud's
1.5/30, Loestrin Fe cholesterol, prothrombin, phenomenon, thromboembolic
1/20, Loestrin Fe and factors VII, VIII, IX, phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
1.5/30, Microgestin Fe and X levels. May cause ↓ abdominal cramps, bloating,
1/20, Modicon, Necon LDL and antithrombin III cholestatic jaundice,
0.5/35, Necon 1/35, Levels. gallbladder disease, liver
Norethin 1/35E, tumors, nausea, vomiting,
Norinyl 1+ 35, Nortrel amenorrhea, breakthrough
0.5/35, Nortrel 1/35, bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
Ortho-Novum 1/35, spotting, melasma, rash,
Ovcon 35, Ovcon 50, hyperglycemia, weight change.
Zenchant, Necon
10/11, Ortho-Novum
10/11, Aranelle,
Leena, Necon 7/7/7,
Nortrel 7/7/7, Ortho-
Novum 7/7/7, Tri-
Norinyl)
Ethinyl contraceptive Assess blood pressure, depression, migraine
estradiol/norgestimate hormones acne before and headache, contact lens
(MonoNessa, Ortho- periodically during intolerance, optic neuritis,
Cyclen, Previfem, therapy. Monitor hepatic retinal thrombosis, cerebral
Sprintec, Ortho Tri- function periodically hemorrhage, cerebral
Cyclen, Ortho Tri- during therapy. Estrogens thrombosis, coronary
Cyclen Lo, Tri-Nessa, only—May cause ↑ serum thrombosis, pulmonary
Tri-Previfem, Tri- glucose, sodium, embolism, edema,
Sprintec) triglyceride, VHDL, total hypertension, Raynaud's
cholesterol, prothrombin, phenomenon, thromboembolic
and factors VII, VIII, IX, phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
and X levels. May cause ↓ abdominal cramps, bloating,
LDL and antithrombin III cholestatic jaundice,
Levels. gallbladder disease, liver
tumors, nausea, vomiting,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
spotting, melasma, rash,
hyperglycemia, weight change.
Ethinyl contraceptive Assess blood pressure, depression, migraine
estradiol/norgestrel hormones acne before and headache, contact lens
(Cryselle, Lo/Ovral 28, periodically during intolerance, optic neuritis,
Low-Ogestrel 28, therapy. Monitor hepatic retinal thrombosis, cerebral
Ogestrel 28) function periodically hemorrhage, cerebral
during therapy. Estrogens thrombosis, coronary
only—May cause ↑ serum thrombosis, pulmonary
glucose, sodium, embolism, edema,
triglyceride, VHDL, total hypertension, Raynaud's
cholesterol, prothrombin, phenomenon, thromboembolic
and factors VII, VIII, IX, phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
and X levels. May cause ↓ abdominal cramps, bloating,
LDL and antithrombin III cholestatic jaundice,
Levels. gallbladder disease, liver
tumors, nausea, vomiting,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
spotting, melasma, rash,
hyperglycemia, weight change.
Ethosuximide anticonvulsants Monitor CBC, hepatic Increased frequency of grand
(Zarontin) function tests, urinalysis mal seizure, stevens-johnson

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 syndrome, ataxia, fatigue,
dizziness, drowsiness, myopia,
euphoria, headache,
irritability, hyperactivity, n/v,
psychiatric disturbances,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
cramping, diarrhea, weight
loss, hiccups, vaginal bleeding,
rashes, pink/brown
discoloration of urine, ataxia,
urticaria, agranulocytosis,
eosinophilia, leucopenia,
pancytopenia, systemic lupus
erythematosus
Etidronate (Didronel) bone resorption Assess for bone pain, Diarrhea, musculoskeletal
inhibitors; weakness, or loss of pain, nausea, loss of taste,
hypocalcemics; function metallic taste, nephrotoxicity,
biphosphonates rash, microfractures,
osteonecrosis (primarily of
jaw)
Etodolac (Lodine, antirheumatics; Assess pain, ROM Exfoliative dermatitis, stevens-
Lodine XL) nonopioid johnson syndrome, toxic
analgesics; epidermal necrolysis, allergic
pyranocarboxylic reactions, angioedema, GI
acid bleeding, dyspepsia,
depression, malaise, dizziness,
drowsiness, asthma, insomnia,
nervousness, edema, syncope,
weakness, abdominal pain,
photophobia, palpitations,
tinnitus, hypertension, CHF,
constipation, diarrhea, thirst,
drug-induced hepatitis, n/v,
dry mouth, stomatitis,
flatulence, gastritis, dysuria,
renal failure, urinary
frequency, prolonged bleeding
time, ecchymoses, flushing,
hyperpigmentation, pruritus,
rashes, sweating, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, chills, fever
Etomidate (Amidate) general BP, respiratory status, pulse Laryngospasm, apnea,
anasthetics; transient skeletal muscle
nonbarbiturates movements, arrhythmias,
post-operative n/v,
hypertension, hypotension,
hyperventilation,
hypoventilation, transient
injection site pain
Etonorgestgrel contraceptive BP, monitor hepatic function Thromboembolic events,
(implant) (Implanon) hormones; depression, hepatic adenomas,
progestins dizziness, emotional lability,
headache, leukorrhea,
nervousness, hypertension,
dysmenorrhea, increased risk
of ectopic pregnancy,
irregular/ unpredictable
menses, ovarian cysts, acne,

85
Rev. 08/21/08
 breast pain, weight gain,
implant site reactions, back
pain
Etoposide (VePesid, antineoplastics; BP before and q 15 min. Allergic reactions, anorexia,
VP-16) podophyllotoxin during infusion. Monitor for diarrhea, alopecia, leucopenia,
derivatives hypersensitivity reactions hypotension,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
n/v, drowsiness, rash, fatigue,
pruritis, abdominal pain,
stomatitis, urticaria, sterility,
peripheral neuropathy,
phlebitis at IV site, fever
Etoposide phosphate antineoplastics; BP before and q 15 min. Allergic reactions, malaise,
(Etopophos) podophyllotixin during infusion Monitor for anorexia, mucositis, alopecia,
derivatives hypersensitivity reactions leukopenia, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, n/v, rash,
dizziness, hypotension, taste
alteration, constipation, fever,
diarrhea, urticaria, abdominal
pain, pruritis, sterility,
phlebitis at IV site
Etravirine (Intelence) antiretrovirals; Assess for rash, monitor MI, Stevens-johnson
non-nucleoside viral load and CD4 cell count syndrome, immune
reverse reconstitution syndrome,
transcriptase seizures, nausea, rash,
inhibitors anxiety, fatigue, confusion,
headache, insomnia, sleep
disorders, blurred vision,
vertigo, angina pectoris, atrial
fibrillation, hypertension, renal
failure, abdominal pain, dry
mouth, gynecomastia, anema,
hyperglycemia, hepatitis, fat
redistribution, hyperlipidemia,
stomatitis, vomiting, hemolytic
anemia, peripheral
neuropathy, hemiarthrosis,
allergic reaction
Eucalyptus anti-infectives Assess frequency and nature Seizures, pulmonary edema
expectorant of cough (overdose), cyanosis, delirium,
drowsiness, diarrhea,
epigastric pain, dyspnea, n/v
Everolimus/ Afinitor antineoplastics Assess for symptoms of Fatigue, weakness, headache,
kinase inhibitors non-infectious pneumonitis; pneumonitis, cough, dyspnea,
mouth ulcers, stomatitis, or anorexia, diarrhea, mucositis,
oral mucositis during mouth ulcers, nausea,
therapy. Monitor renal stomatitis, vomiting,
function prior to and dysgeusia, peripheral edema,
periodically during therapy. dry skin, pruritus, rash,
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hyperglycemia,
hyperlipidemia,
hypertriglyceridemia,
extremity pain, infections,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis, fever.

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Exenatide (Byetta) antidiabetics; Monitor serum glucose Pancreatitis, diarrhea, n/v,
incretrin mimetic levels dizziness, headache,
agents hyperhyrosis, gastrointestinal
reflux, dyspepsia, jitteriness,
weakness, decreased appetite,
weight loss
Ezetimibe/Zetia cholesterol Obtain a diet history, Cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, ↑
absorption especially with regard to fat hepatic transaminases,
inhibitors; lipid- consumption nausea, pancreatitis. Rash;
lowering agent angioedema.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be Common Side Effects
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration

Factor ix (human) Hemostatic agents Monitor BP, pulse, and
blood products respirations; monitor for
clotting factors renewed or increased
bleeding
Famciclovir antiviral Assess lesions and assess
for posthepetic neuralgia
Famotidine/ Mylanta antiulcer agents Assess for epigastric or
AR, Pepcid, Pepcid AC histamine h2 abdominal pain and frank or
Maximum Strength, antagonists occult blood in the stool,
Pepcid RPD emesis, or gastric aspirate.
Monitor CBC with differential
periodically during therapy.
Assess elderly and
debilitated patients routinely
for confusion.
Fat emulsion caloric sources Monitor weights every other
day.
Febuxostat Antigout agent Assess for joint pain and
xantine oxidase swelling, especially during
inhibitor early therapy. Monitor for
signs and symptoms of MI
and stroke. Monitor serum
uric acid levels prior to, 2
wks after intitiating, and
periodically thereafter.
Monitor liver function at 2
and 4 months of therapy
and periodically thereafter.
drowsiness, headache,
lethargy, changes in BP,
changes in HR, n/v, chills
flushing, urticaria, fever,
disseminated intravascular
coagulation, thrombosis,
tingling, dyspnea, risk for
transmission of viral hepatitis
and HIV virus, hypersensitivity
reactions
headache, dizziness, fatigue,
diarrhea, n/v
Confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, hallucinations,
headache, arrhythmias,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
decreased sperm count,
erectile dysfunction,
gynecomastia,
agranulocytosis, aplastic
anemia, anemia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, pain at IM
site, hypersensivity reactions.
phlebitis at IV site, fever,
infection, chest pain,
hepatomegaly, jaundice, N&V,
pancreatitis, chills,
hypertriglyceridemia,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Intravascular fat accumulation
in preterm infants only.
liver function abnormalities,
nausea, rash, gout flare,
arthralgia

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Rev. 08/21/08
Felbamate anticonvulsant location, duration, and Aplastic anemia, acute liver
characteristics of seizure failure, dizziness, drowsiness,
activity n/v, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, anorexia,
constipation, dyspepsia,
anxiety, diplopia, psychological
disturbances, pharyngitis,
rhinitis, acne, sinusitis,
rashes, myalgia, ataxia, flu-
like syndrome, weight loss.
Felodipine anti-anginals Monitor BP and pulse Arrhythmias, CHF, stevens-
antihypertensive johnson syndrome, headache,
calcium channel peripheral edema, abnormal
blockers dreams, anxiety, confusion,
dizziness, drowsiness, chest
pain, nervousness, blurred
vision, tinnitus, psychiatric
disturbances, weakness,
disturbed equilibrium, cough,
epistaxis, dyspnea,
bradycardia, hypotension,
palpitations, syncope, n/v,
tachycardia, dysuria, dry
mouth, nocturia, polyuria,
sexual dysfunction, urinary
frequency, dermatitis,
erythema multiforme, rash,
flushing, anemia, increased
sweating, photosensitivity,
abnormal liver function
studies, constipation, diarrhea,
dysgeusia, pruritis/ urticaria,
dyspepsia, anemia,
gynecomastia, leukopenia,
hyperglycemia,
thrombocytopenia.
Fennel none assigned frequency and nature of photosensitivity
cough
Fenofibrate lipid-lowering Assess for cholelithiasis fatigue/weakness, rash,
agents; fibric acid headache, arrhythmias,
derivatives pancreatitis, urticaria,
rhabdomyolysis,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Fenoldopam antihypertensives BP, heart rate, and ECG headache, hypotension,
vasodilators tachycardia, nausea, flushing,
nervousness/ anxiety,
dizziness, ECG changes,
peripheral edema, abdominal
pain, constipation, diarrhea,
vomiting, sweating,
hypokalemia, injection site
reactions, back pain
Fenoprofen nonopioid monitor for rhinitis, asthma, Allergic reactions, GI bleeding,
analgesics; and urticaria hepatitis, dyspepsia,
propionic acid confusion, dizziness,
derivatives drowsiness, headache, renal
failure, blurred vision, hearing
loss, tinnitus, edema,

88
Rev. 08/21/08
 palpitations, n/v, abdominal
pain, diarrhea, constipation,
discomfort, cystitis, dysuria,
hematuria, pruritis, rashes,
sweating
Fentanyl opioid analgesics Monitor type, location, and Dizziness, drowsiness,
opioid agonists intensity of pain before and abnormal thinking, confusion,
15 min after administration. hallucinations, headache,
Assess blood pressure, insomnia, nervousness,
pulse, and respirations weakness, abnormal vision,
before and periodically respiratory depression,
during administration. dyspnea, hypotension, nausea,
constipation, dry mouth,
vomiting, pruritus, rash,
sweating, abnormal gait.
Fentanyl (parenteral) Opioid analgesics respiratory rate and BP Laryngospasm, apnea,
Opioid agonists confusion, blurred/ double
vision, paradoxical
excitation/delirium, postop
depression, n/v, postop
drowsiness, allergic
bronchospasm, respiratory
depression, arrhythmias,
bradycardia, circulatory
depression, hypotension,
biliary spasm, facial itching,
skeletal & facial muscle rigidity
(rapid IV infusion)
Fentanyl Opioid analgesics BP, pulse, & respirations Apnea, confusion, dry mouth,
(transdermal) Opioid agonists sedation, weakness, anorexia,
Analgesic adjunct constipation, n/v, sweating,
dizziness, bronchoconstriction,
restlessness, laryngospasm,
respiratory depression,
bradycardia, erythema,
application site reactions,
skeletal & thoracic muscle
rigidity, physical dependence,
psychological dependence.
Fentanyl buccal Opioid analgesics BP, pulse, and respirations Respiratory depression,
(Fentora) Opioid agonists dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, n/v, application site
reactions, constipation,
confusion, depression, fatigue,
insomnia, weakness, cough,
dyspnea, abdominal pain,
anorexia, diarrhea, edema,
dehydration, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence.
Fentanyl iontophoretic Opioid analgesics BP, pulse, and respirations Respiratory depression, fever,
transdermal system Opioid agonists n/v, application site reactions,
(Ionsys) anxiety, dizziness, insomnia,
somnolence, pharyngitis,
hypoxia, bradycardia, back
pain, hyper- or hypotension,
tachycardia, abdominal pain,
constipation, anemia,

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 dyspepsia, flatulence, ileus,
urinary retention, itching,
hypokalemia
Ferrous fumarate Antianemics assess bowel function. nausea, constipation, dark
(33% elemental iron) iron supplement stools, epigastric pain, GI
bleeding, dizziness, syncope,
headache, temp staining of
teeth, vomiting.
Ferrous gluconate Antianemics assess bowel function nausea, constipation, dark
(12% elemental iron) iron supplement stools, epigastric pain, GI
bleeding, dizziness, syncope,
headache, temp staining of
teeth, vomiting.
Ferrous sulfate (30% Antianemics assess bowel function nausea, constipation, dark
elemental iron) iron supplement stools, epigastric pain, GI
bleeding, dizziness, syncope,
headache, temp staining of
teeth, vomiting.
Fesoterodine (Toviaz) urinary tract urinary urgency, frequency, dry mouth, tachycardia,
antispasmodics; and urge incontinence constipation, nausea, upper
anticholinergics abdominal pain, dysuria,
urinary retention, back pain
Feverfew vascular headache assess for migraines “Post-feverfew Syndrome”
suppressant (anxiety, headache, insomnia,
muscle & joint aches),
tachycardia, n/v, diarrhea,
heartburn, mouth ulceration
and soreness, contact
dermatitis (topical)
Fexofenadine/ Allegra allergy, cold and Assess allergy symptoms; Drowsiness, fatigue,
cough remedies lung sounds and character dyspepsia, dysmenorrhea.
antihistamines of bronchial secretions
before and periodically
during therapy.
Filgrastim colony stimulating BP, heart rate, and medullary bone pain, redness
factor respiratory status at subcut site, pain, excessive
leukocytosis
Finasteride hair regrowth symptoms of prostatic decreased libido, decreased
stimulant; hyperplasia; digital rectal volume of ejaculate, erectile
androgen inhibitors exams for BPH dysfunction
Flavocoxid (Limbrel) nonopioid pain, ROM, degree of increased BP, increase in
analgesics; swelling, stiffness in joint varicose veins, GI upset,
flavanoids psoriasis
Flecainide (Tambocor) anti-arrhythmias BP, pulse, ECG, I&Os Arrhythmias, chest pain, CHF,
(class IC) blurred vision, dizziness,
anxiety, fatigue, headache,
anorexia, visual disturbances,
n/v, mental depression,
constipation, drug-induced
hepatitis, rashes, stomach
pain, tremor
Floxuridine (FUDR) antineoplastics vital signs, I/O, abdominal bleeding, diarrhea, gastritis,
antimetabolites pain, intra-arterial infusion n/v, stomatitis, alopecia,
site erythema, maculopapular
rash, anemia, leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia, fatigue,
headache, anorexia, ulcer,
gonadal suppression, fever

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Fluconazole (Diflucan) antifungals assess infected area, Hepatotoxicity, exfoliative skin
(systemic) monitor CSF cultures disorders, headache, dizziness,
seizures, allergic reactions,
diarrhea, n/v, abdominal
discomfort,
hypertriglyceridemia,
hypokalemia
Flucytosine (Ancobon, antifungals monitor AST, ALT, serum Seizures, aplastic anemia,
5-FC) bilirubin, and alkaline diarrhea, n/v, leucopenia,
phosphatase pancytopenia, ataxia,
confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue, chest
pain, headache, hearing loss,
abdominal pain, pruritis, dry
mouth, photosensitivity,
hypoglycemia, azotemia,
hypokalemia, anemia, rash,
thrombocytopenia, dyspnea,
peripheral neuropathy, fever
Fludarabine (Fludara) antineoplastics respiratory status, visual Neurotoxicity, GI bleed,
antimetabolites changes, weakness, pulmonary hypersensitivity,
confusion, LOC pancytopenia, fatigue, cough,
pneumonia, rashes, diarrhea,
anemia, leukopenia,
hematuria, thrombocytopenia,
agitation, coma, confusion,
headache, malaise, weakness,
hearing loss, visual
disturbances, UTI, dyspnea,
sinusitis, edema, anorexia,
esophagitis, dysuria, myalgia,
gonadal suppression,
hemolytic anemia, peripheral
neuropathy, fever
Fludrocortisones hormones BP, fluid retention, serum dizziness, headache, anorexia,
(Florinef) corticosteroids electrolytes arrhythmias, edema, nausea,
mineralcorticoid hypertension, weight gain,
adrenal suppression, CHF,
hypokaleima, hypokalemic
alkalosis, arthralgia, muscle
weakness, tendon contracture,
ascending paralysis,
hypersensitivity reactions
Flumazenil antidotes LOC and respiratory status Seizures, dizziness, n/v,
(Romazicon) benzodiazepines agitation, confusion, fatigue,
drowsiness, emotional lability,
sleep disorders, abnormal
hearing, abnormal vision,
blurred vision, arrhythmias,
hypertension, hiccups, rigors,
flushing, sweating, shivering,
pain/ injection-site reactions,
phlebitis, paresthesia,
Flunisolide/ AeroBid, anti inflammatories Monitor respiratory status Headache, dizziness,
AeroBid-M steroidal and lung sounds; withdrawal irritability, nervousness,
corticosteroids symptoms; growth in palpitations, hoarseness, nasal
children; and changing from congestion, pharyngitis,
systemic corticosteroids to dysphonia, oropharyngeal

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 inhalation costicosteroids for fungal infections, rhinitis,
signs of adrenal sinusitis, bronchospasm,
insufficiency. Periodic cough, wheezing, rash,
adrenal function tests may diarrhea, nausea, taste
be ordered to assess degree disturbances, vomiting,
of hypothalamic-pituitary- abdominal pain, anorexia, dry
adrenal (HPA) axis mouth, menstrual
suppression in chronic disturbances, adrenal
therapy. suppression (high-dose, long-
term therapy only), decreased
growth (children), flu-like
syndrome.
Flunisolide (nasal) anti-inflammatories degree of nasal stuffiness, nasal burning, aftertaste, nasal
(Nasarel) steroidal; amount and color of dryness, nasal irritation,
corticosteroids discharge cough, nasopharyngeal fungal
infections, nausea, adrenal
suppression, decreased growth
Fluocinolone anti-inflammatories affected skin; degree of allergic contact dermatitis,
steroidal; inflammation and pruritus atrophy, burning, folliculitis,
corticosteroids edema, dryness, maceration,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis, irritation,
hypopigmentation, miliaria,
perioral dermatitis, secondary
infection, adrenal suppression,
striae
Fluocinonide anti-inflammatories degree of inflammation and allergic contact dermatitis,
steroidal; pruritus in affected skin atrophy, burning, folliculitis,
corticosteroids edema, dryness, maceration,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis, irritation,
hypopigmentation, miliaria,
perioral dermatitis, secondary
infection, adrenal suppression,
striae
Fluoride supplements/ dental caries Examine teeth for staining nausea, vomiting, atopic
oral: Flura-Drops, prophylactic agents or mottling periodically. dermatitis, mottling of teeth
Luride, Pharmaflur, minerals
Phos-Flur//topical: electrolytes
ACT, Fluorigard,
Fluorinse, Gel Kam,
Gel-Tin, Prevident,
Stop, Thera-Flur
Fluoride (topical) dental caries examine teeth for staining atopic dermatitis, mottling of
prophylactic or mottling teeth (toxicity), n/v
minerals
electrolyes
Fluorouracil/Adrucil, antineoplastics Monitor vital signs before Acute cerebellar dysfunction,
Efudex, Fluoroplex, antimetabolites and frequently during diarrhea, nausea, stomatitis,
5-FU therapy. Assess mucous vomiting, alopecia,
membranes, number and maculopapular rash, local
consistency of stools, inflammatory reactions (topical
frequency of vomiting, signs only), melanosis of nails, nail
of infection, IV site loss, palmar-plantar
frequently for inflammation erythrodysesthesia,
or infiltration, skin for phototoxicity, sterility, anemia,
palmar-plantar leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
erythrodysesthesia. Monitor thrombophlebitis, fever.

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 intake and output, appetite,
and nutritional intake, and
cerebellar dysfunction.
Monitor hepatic, renal, and
hematologic functions
before and periodically
throughout therapy.
Fluoxetine antidepressants monitor mood and CBC Seizures, anxiety, sexual
Selective Serotonin counts dysfunction, drowsiness,
Reuptake Inhibitor headache, insomnia, tremors,
(SSRI) nervousness, diarrhea,
pruritus, excessive sweating,
abnormal dreams, dizziness,
fatigue, hypomania, mania,
weakness, stuffy nose, visual
disturbances, cough, chest
pain, palpitations, abdominal
pain, abnormal taste,
anorexia, constipation,
dyspepsia, dry mouth, weight
loss, urinary frequency,
flushing, erythema nodusum,
rashes, arthralgia,
dysmenorrhea, myalgia, fever,
hyponatremia, n/v, allergic
reactions, flu-like syndrome,
hot flashes, back pain,
sensitivity reactions,
Fluphenazine Antipsychotics BP (sitting, standing, lying); Agranulocytosis, neuroleptic
phenothiazines ECG; pulse; respiratory rate malignant syndrome,
photosensitivity, EPS
reactions, sedation, tardive
dyskinesia, blurred vision, dry
eyes, hypertension, anorexia,
hypotension, tachycardia, dry
mouth, constipation, weight
gain, drug-induced hepatitis,
ileus, urinary retention, rash,
nausea, pigment changes,
galactorrhea, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, allergic
reactions
Flurandrenolide anti-inflammatories assess affected skin allergic contact dermatitis,
steroidal; atrophy, burning, dryness,
corticosteroids edema, folliculitis, secondary
infection, hypersensitivity
reactions, hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, striae, adrenal
suppression
Flurazepam sedative/hypnotic; Sleep patterns, mental abnormal thinking, behavior
benzodiazepines status changes, confusion, daytime
drowsiness, ataxia, decreased
concentration, dizziness, sleep
w/ driving, hallucinations,
headache, lethargy, mental
depression, paradoxical

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 excitation, blurred vision, n/v,
constipation, diarrhea, rashes,
physical/ psychological
dependence, tolerance
Fluriboprofen antirheumatics pain and ROM Allergic reactions, stevens-
nonsteroidal anti- johnson syndrome, toxic
inflammatory dermal necrolysis, GI bleeding,
agents exfoliative dermatitis,
abdominal pain, heartburn,
nausea, dizziness, drowsiness,
fever, mental depression,
psychic disturbances, blurred
vision, corneal opacities,
tinnitus, changes in BP,
palpitations, edema, bloated
feeling, chills, constipation,
diarrhea, drug-induced
hepatitis, stomatitis,
incontinence, increased
sweating, rashes, prolonged
bleeding time, myalgia, blood
dyscrasias,
Flutamide (Eulexin) antineoplastics Monitor ALT Hepatotoxicity, hot flashes,
antiandrogens diarrhea, n/v, erectile
dysfunction, loss of libido,
anxiety, confusion, mental
depression, drowsiness, rash,
edema, hypertension,
photosensitivity
Fluticasone (Flovent Anti-inflammaties respiratory status and lung Churg-Strauss syndrome,
HFA; Flovent Diskus) steroidal; sounds headache, dizziness,
corticosteroids dysphonia, nasal stuffiness,
oropharyngeal fungal
infections, hoarseness,
rhinorrhea, sinusitis, upper
respiratory tract infection,
bronchospasm, cough, muscle
pain, wheezing, diarrhea,
adrenal suppression, Cushing
syndrome, fever, decreased
growth in children
Fluticasone nasal/ anti inflammatory Monitor degree of nasal Headache, epistaxis, nasal
Flonase steroidal, stuffiness, amount and color burning, nasal irritation,
corticosteroids of nasal discharge, and nasopharyngeal fungal
frequency of sneezing infection, pharyngitis, nausea,
vomiting, adrenal suppression,
cough
Fluticasone (topical) Anti-inflammaties degree of inflammation and allergic contact dermatitis,
(Cutivate) steroidal; pruritis in affected skin atrophy, burning, dryness,
corticosteroids edema, folliculitis, irritation,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis, maceration,
hypopigmentation, miliaria,
perioral dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression
Fluvastatin (Lescol) lipid-lowering serum cholesterol and Rhabdomyolysis, n/v,
agents; hmg coa triglyceride levels headache, dizziness, fatigue,

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 reductase inhibitors insomnia, bronchitis, cough,
pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis,
chest pain, peripheral edema,
abdominal pain/cramps, rash/
pruritis, constipation, elevated
liver enzymes, flatulence,
dyspepsia, photosensitivity,
arthritis, myopathy, allergic
reactions, arthropathy, back
pain
Fluvoxamine (Luvox) antidepressants monitor mood changes dizziness, drowsiness, nausea,
antiobsessive headache, insomnia, diarrhea,
agents nervousness, weakness, dry
SSRI mouth, constipation,
dyspepsia, agitation, anxiety,
apathy, emotional lability,
manic reactions, syncope,
manic reactions, mental
depression, syncope, sinusitis,
cough, dyspnea, hypertension,
edema, palpitations, postural
hypotension, tachycardia,
anorexia, dysphagia, elevated
liver enzymes, flatulence,
weight gain, decreased libido/
sexual dysfunction, weight
gain or loss, chills, excessive
sweating, hypertonia, tooth
disorder/caries, myoclonus/
twitching, hypokinesia/ hyper-
kinesia, tremor, yawning, flu-
like symptoms, allergic
reactions
Folic acid anti-anemics signs of megaloblastic rashes, irritability, difficulty
water soluble anemia sleeping, malaise, confusion,
vitamins fever
Follitropin alfa (Gonal- hormones assess for ovarian Ovarian hyper-stimulation
F) (ovulation enlargement syndrome, abdominal/ pelvic
stimulant) pain, dizziness, rhinitis,
headache, pharyngitis, breast
pain, constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, flatulence, ovarian
enlargement, dysmenorrhea,
irregular bleeding, injection
site reactions, acne, cough,
flu-like symptoms, multiple
births
Follitropin beta hormones assess for ovarian Ovarian hyper-stimulation
(Follistim AQ) (ovulation enlargement syndrome, abdominal/ pelvic
stimulant) pain, flatulence, breast
pain/enlargement, nausea,
injection site reactions, back
pain, dizziness, headache,
tachycardia, constipation,
dysmenorrheal, irregular
bleeding, dyspnea, ovarian
enlargement, tachypnea,
upper respiratory tract

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 infection, flu-like symptoms,
multiple births
Fondaparinux/Arixtra anticoagulants Assess for signs of bleeding Confusion, dizziness,
active factor x and hemorrhage; bleeding headache, insomnia, edema,
inhibitors from surgical site; and hypotension, constipation,
evidence of additional or diarrhea, dyspepsia, increased
increased thrombosis. serum aminotransferases,
Monitor platelet count nausea, vomiting, urinary
closely. retention, bullous eruption,
hematoma, purpura, rash,
bleeding, thrombocytopenia,
hypokalemia, fever, increased
wound drainage.
Formoterol/ Foradil, bronchodilators Assess lung sounds, pulse, Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
Perforomist adrenergics and blood pressure; insomnia, malaise,
pulmonary function tests; nervousness, paradoxical
paradoxical bronchospasm; bronchospasm, angina,
ECG; and signs of arrhythmias, hypertension,
anaphylaxis before initiating hypotension, palpitations,
and periodically therapy. tachycardia, dry mouth,
nausea, hypokalemia,
hyperglycemia, metabolic
acidosis, muscle cramps,
tremor, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Fosamprenavir Antiretrovirals assess for skin reactions Allergic reactions, stevens-
(Lexiva) protease inhibitors johnson syndrome,
angioedema, headache,
diarrhea, n/v, rash, fatigue,
abdominal pain, mood
disorders, glucose intolerance,
increased liver enzymes,
neutropenia, fat redistribution,
increased triglycerides,
inflammatory response to
opportunistic infection
Fosaprepitant antiemetics assess n/v, appetite, bowel dizziness, fatigue, weakness,
(injection) neurokinin sounds and abdominal pain diarrhea, hiccups
(Emend) antagonists
Foscarnet (Foscavir) antivirals ophthalmologic exams, Seizures, headache, n/v,
culture for CMV diarrhea, renal failure, fever,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia, arthralgia,
myalgia, anxiety, confusion,
dizziness, fatigue, malaise,
mental depression, weakness,
conjunctivitis, eye pain, vision
abnormalities, coughing, skin
ulceration, dyspnea, increased
sweating, palpiations, edema,
ECG abnormalities, dysuria,
chest pain, abdominal pain,
abnormal taste sensation,
anorexia, constipation, rash,
dyspepsia, urinary retention,
albuminuria, nocturia,
polyuria, pruritis, leukopenia,
hyperphosphatemia, sarcoma,

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 hypophosphatemia, back pain,
granulocytopenia, lymphoma,
pain/inflammation at injection
site, chills, involuntary muscle
contraction, hypoesthesia,
ataxia, neuropathy, flu-like
syndrome, paresthesia
Fosfomycin (Monurol) anti-infectives urine culture and sensitivity; Pseudomembranous colitis,
monitor bowel function dizziness, nausea, headache,
weakness, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, vaginitis
Fosinopril/ Monopril antihypertensives Monitor BP, pulse, and signs dizziness, fatigue, headache,
ace inhibitors of angioedema. Monitor insomnia, weakness, cough,
weight and assess patient hypotension, chest pain,
routinely for resolution of edema, abdominal pain,
fluid overload. Monitor renal diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
function. erectile dysfunction, impaired
renal function, rashes,
hyperkalemia, muscle cramps,
dyspnea, angioedema.
Fosphenytoin anticonvulsants BP, ECG, respiratory Stevens-johnson syndrome,
(Cerebyx) function drowsiness, dizziness,
nystagmus, pruritis, ataxia,
headache, stupor, brain
edema, vertigo, amblyopia,
deafness, diplopia, tinnitus,
hypotension, tachycardia, dry
mouth, n/v, taste perversion,
tongue disorder, rash, back
pain, dysarthria, hypesthesia,
extrapyramidal syndrome,
incoordination, paresthesia,
tremor, pelvic pain
Fospropofol (Lusedra) General anesthetics Respiratory status, pulse, Respiratory depression,
BP parasthesia, pruritus, cough,
hypoxemia, hypotension, loss
of purposeful responsiveness
Frovatriptan (Frova) vascular headache location, intensity, duration, MI, coronary artery
suppressant; and associated symptoms of vasospasm, ventricular
five ht1 agonist pain fibrillation/tachycardia,
dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue,
flushing, chest pain, nausea,
myocardial ischemia,
dyspepsia, pain, dry mouth,
paresthesia, skeletal pain
Fulvestrant (Faslodex) antineoplastics Assess for pain headache, weakness, dyspnea,
estrogen receptor pharyngitis, increased cough,
antagonists vasodilation (hot flushes), n/v,
abdominal pain, constipation,
diarrhea, pain/inflammation at
injection site, back pain, bone
pain, fever, anemia, flu
syndrome, paresthesia, rash,
anemia, arthritis, sweating,
pelvic pain, UTI, anorexia,
chest pain, edema, dizziness,
depression, anxiety, insomnia

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Furosemide/Lasix Loop diuretics Monitor BP and pulse
Monitor electrolyte levels
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Gabapentin/ Analgesic adjuncts Assess seizure activity
Neurontin anticonvulsants and pain periodically
mood stabilizers during therapy. Monitor
frequency and intensity
of pain on pain scale.
May cause leucopenia.
Galantamine/Razadyn anti-Alzheimers's Assess cognitive
e, Razadyne ER agents function periodically
cholinergics during therapy and
cholinesterase monitor heart rate
inhibitors periodically during
therapy.
Gallamine/ Flaxedil neuromuscular Assess respiratory
blocking agents status continuously
nondepolarizing throughout therapy.
Monitor ECG, heart rate,
and blood pressure
throughout
administration. Observe
the patient for residual
muscle weakness and
respiratory distress
during the recovery
period. Monitor infusion
site frequently. If signs
of tissue irritation or
extravasation occur,
discontinue and restart
in another vein.
Ganciclovir/Cytovene, antivirals Assess for signs of
Vitrasert infection. Assess for
bleeding. Avoid IM
injections and taking
rectal temperatures.
Rev. 08/21/08
Aplaxtic anemia, anorexia,
agranulocytosis, pruritis,
dehydration, blurred vision,
hypochloremia, nausea,
hypokalemia, metabolic
acidosis, hypomagnesemia,
hyponatremia, excessive
urination, hypovolemia,
constipation, hyperuricemia
Common Side Effects
Confusion, depression,
drowsiness, sedation, anxiety,
concentration difficulties
(children), dizziness,
emotional lability (children),
hostility, hyperkinesia
(children), malaise, vertigo,
weakness, abnormal vision,
nystagmus, arthralgia,
hypertension, weight gain,
anorexia, ataxia, flatulence,
gingivitis, altered reflexes,
facial edema, hyperkinesia,
paresthesia.
Fatigue, dizziness, headache,
syncope, bradycardia, chest
pain, anorexia, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea,
vomiting, bladder outflow
obstruction, incontinence,
tremor, weight loss.
Bronchospasm, rash,
arrhythmias, skin flushing,
hypotension, excessive
salivation, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Gallamine—hypertension,
tachycardia.
Seizures, abnormal dreams,
coma, confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache,
malaise, nervousness, retinal
detachment, decreased visual
98
 Apply pressure to
venipuncture sites for
10 min. Monitor
neutrophil and platelet
count at least every 2
days during bid therapy
and weekly thereafter.
Monitor BUN and serum
creatinine at least once
every 2 wk throughout
therapy. Monitor liver
function tests.
Ganirelix/ Antagon hormones Assess patient for
(gonadotropin- pregnancy prior to
releasing hormone therapy. Therapy should
antagonist) not be initiated if patient
is pregnant. May cause
elevated neutrophil
counts and decreased
hematocrit and total
bilirubin concentrations.
Galsulface/ replacement Assess patient for
Naglazyme enzyme infusion reactions;
enzymes nausea, vomiting,
elevated blood pressure,
retrosternal pain,
abdominal pain,
malaise, and joint pain,
sleep apnea, vital
signs and respiratory
status prior to
administration.
Administration should
be delayed in patients
with an acute febrile or
respiratory illness.
Gefitinib/Iressa antineoplastics Assess for signs of
enzyme inhibitors pulmonary toxicity. If
interstitial lung disease is
confirmed, discontinue
gefitinib and treat
appropriately. Assess
patient for eye symptoms
such as pain during
therapy. Monitor liver
function tests periodically.
Monitor for changes in
prothrombin time and INR
in patients taking
warfarin.
Gemcitabine/Gemzar antineoplastics Monitor vital signs
antimetabolites before and frequently
Rev. 08/21/08
acuity, vitreous hemorrhage,
hyphema, intraocular pressure
spikes, lens opacities, macular
abnormalities, optic nerve
changes, uveitis, dyspnea,
arrhythmias, edema,
hypertension, hypotension, GI
bleeding, abdominal pain,
increased liver enzymes,
nausea, vomiting, gonadal
suppression, hematuria, renal
toxicity, alopecia,
photosensitivity, pruritus,
rash, urticaria, hypoglycemia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
eosinophilia, pain/phlebitis at
IV site, ataxia, tremor, fever.
Ovarian hyperstimulation
syndrome, abdominal pain,
nausea, pelvic pain, vaginal
bleeding, hypersensitivity
reactions, injection site
reactions.
Malaise, conjunctivitis, cornela
opacification, ear pain,
dyspnea, chest pain, ↑ blood
pressure, facial edema,
gastroenteritis, abdominal
pain, areflexia, infusion
reactions, rigors.
Weakness, aberrant eyelash,
conjunctivitis, corneal
erosion/ulcer, eye pain, ↓
vision, peripheral edema,
pulmonary toxicity, dyspnea,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
anorexia, hepatotoxicity,
mouth ulceration, acne, dry
skin, rash, pruritus, weight
loss, allergic reactions
including angioedema.
Pulmonary toxicity, dyspnea,
bronchospasm, arrhythmias,
99
 nucleoside during therapy. Assess
analogues injection site during
administration. Although
gemcitabine is not
considered a vesicant,
local reactions may
occur. Monitor for bone
marrow depression.
Monitor intake and
output, appetite, and
nutritional intake. Mild
to moderate nausea and
vomiting occur
frequently. Antiemetics
may be used
prophylactically. Monitor
CBC.
Gemfibrozil/Lopid fibric acid Obtain patient's diet history,
derivatives, lipid- especially regarding fat and
lowering agent alcohol consumption. Serum
triglyceride and cholesterol
levels should be monitored
before and periodically
throughout therapy. Liver
function tests CBC and
electrolytes should be
evaluated every 3–6 mo
Gemifloxicin/Factive anti-infectives Assess patient for
fluoroquinolones infection prior to and
during therapy. Obtain
specimens for culture
and sensitivity before
initiating therapy.
Observe patient for
signs and symptoms of
anaphylaxis. Monitor
bowel function.
Gemtuzumab/ antineoplastics Assess patient for post-
ozogamicin, Mylotarg monoclonal infusion symptom
antibodies complex which may
antitumor occur within the first 24
antibiotics hr following
administration and
usually resolve after 2–
4 hr with supportive
therapy. Monitor vital
signs during infusion
and for 4 hrs after
infusion. Monitor patient
for development of
tumor lysis syndrome.
Gentamicin/Garamyci anti-infectives Assess patient for
n, G-Mycin, aminoglycosides Infection, evaluate eighth
Jenamicin cranial nerve function by
audiometry, intake
and output and daily
weight to assess
hydration status and
Rev. 08/21/08
cerebrovascular accident, MI,
edema, hypertension,
hepatotoxicity, diarrhea,
nausea, stomatitis, transient
elevation of hepatic
transaminases, vomiting,
hemolytic uremic syndrome,
hematuria, proteinuria,
alopecia, rash, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
injection site reactions,
paresthesias, flu-like
symptoms, fever,
anaphylactoid reactions.
Dizziness, headache blurred
vision abdominal pain,
diarrhea, epigastric pain,
flatulence, gallstones,
heartburn, nausea, vomiting.
alopecia, rashes, urticaria
anemia, leukopenia myositis.
Drowsiness, dizziness,
headache, confusion, QTc
prolongation, aarhythmias,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting,
photosensitivity, rash,
tendinitis, tendon rupture.
Headache, dyspnea, hypoxia,
hypotension, hypertension,
chills, mucositis, nausea,
vomiting, infection,
hepatotoxicity, rash,
hyperglycemia, hypokalemia,
fever, neutropenia, anemia,
bleeding, allergic reactions,
thrombocytopenia, post-
infusion reaction, tumor lysis
syndrome.
Ataxia, vertigo, ototoxicity
(vestibular and cochlear),
nephrotoxicity, muscle
paralysis (high parenteral
doses), hypersensitivity
reactions.
100
 renal function, signs of
superinfection.
Glatiramer/ Copaxone anti multiple Assess patient for side
sclerosis agents effects immediately after
immune response injection. Symptoms may
modifiers include flushing, chest pain,
palpitations, anxiety,
dyspnea, constriction of
throat, and urticaria.
Symptoms are usually
transient and self-limited
without requiring treatment.
May occur at the beginning
of or following several
months of therapy, and
patients may experience
one or several episodes of
symptoms.
Glimepiride/Amaryl Sulfonylureas/ Observe patient for signs
antidiabetics and symptoms of
hypoglycemic reactions;
Assess patient for allergy to
sulfonamides
Glipizide/ Glucotrol, antidiabetics Observe for signs and
Glucotrol XL sulfonylureas symptoms of
hypoglycemic reactions.
Patients on concurrent
beta-blocker therapy may
have very subtle signs
and symptoms of
hypoglycemia. Assess
patient for allergy to
sulfonamides. Monitor
serum glucose and
glycosylated hemoglobin
periodically during
therapy to evaluate
effectiveness of
treatment. Monitor CBC
periodically during
therapy. Report ↓ in blood
counts promptly.
Glucagon/GlucaGen Pancreatics, Assess for signs of
hormones hypoglycemia, neurologic
status, nutritional status
nausea and vomiting after
administration of dose
Glyburide/ DiaBeta, antidiabetics Observe for signs and
Glynase PresTab, sulfonylureas symptoms of
Micronase hypoglycemic reactions.
Patients on concurrent
beta-blocker therapy
may have very subtle
signs and symptoms of
hypoglycemia. Assess
patient for allergy to
sulfonamides. Monitor
Rev. 08/21/08
Anxiety, weakness, confusion,
migraine, vertigo, chest pain,
palpitations, edema, syncope,
tachycardia, vasodilation,
pruritis, rashes, sweating,
erythema, rhinitis, nystagmus,
diarrhea, nausea, anorexia,
vomiting, urgency, injection
site reactions, arthralgia, back
pain, hypertonia, tremor,
dyspnea, flu-like symptoms,
lymphadenopathy, fever,
immediate postinjection
reaction, infection, pain,
weight gain.
Photosensitivity,
hypoglycemia, constipation,
cramps, diarrhea, drug-
induced hepatitis, dyspepsia,
increased appetite, nausea,
vomiting.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, weakness,
constipation, cramps ,
diarrhea, drug-induced
hepatitis, dyspepsia, increased
appetite, nausea, vomiting,
photosensitivity, rashes,
hypoglycemia, hyponatremia,
aplastic anemia, leukopenia,
agranulocytosis, pancytopenia,
thrombocytopenia.
Hypotension. Nausea,
vomiting, hypersensitivity
reactions including anaphylaxis
Dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, weakness,
constipation, cramps, diarrhea,
drug-induced hepatitis,
dyspepsia, increased appetite,
nausea, vomiting,
photosensitivity, rashes,
hypoglycemia, hyponatremia,
aplastic anemia,
agranulocytosis, leukopenia,
101
 serum glucose and pancytopenia,
glycosylated thrombocytopenia.
hemoglobin periodically
during therapy to
evaluate effectiveness.
Monitor CBC periodically
during therapy. Report
↓ in blood counts
Promptly.

Glycerine/ Fleet antiglaucoma Assess patient for abdominal
Babylax, Sani-Supp agents distention, presence of
laxatives bowel sounds, and normal
osmotics pattern of bowel function.
Glycopyrrolate/Robinu antispasmodics Assess heart rate, blood
l, Robinul-Forte anticholinergics pressure, and
respiratory rate before
and periodically during
parenteral therapy.
Assess for
hyperexcitability, a
paradoxical response
that may occur in
children. Monitor intake
and output ratios in
geriatric or surgical
patients. Assess patient
routinely for abdominal
distention and
auscultate for bowel
sounds. Periodic
intraocular pressure
determinations should
be made for patients
receiving long-term
therapy.
Gold sodium antirheumatics Assess patient's range
thiomalate/ Aurolate, (disease- of motion and the
aurothiomalate, modifying) degree of swelling and
Myochrisine pain in affected joints
before and periodically
throughout therapy.
Monitor patient for
nitritoid reaction that
may occur immediately
to 10 min after injection.
Monitor renal, hepatic,
and hematologic function
and urinalysis before
and periodically during
therapy. Obtain
urinalysis before each
injection. Proteinuria or
hematuria may
necessitate
discontinuation of
therapy. Monitor CBC
and platelets before
Confusion, headache, diarrhea,
cramping, nausea, vomiting,
dehydration, thirst.
Confusion, drowsiness, blurred
vision, cycloplegia, dry eyes,
mydriasis, tachycardia,
orthostatic hypotension,
palpitations, dry mouth,
constipation, urinary
hesitancy, retention.
Dizziness, headache,
neuropathy, conjunctivitis,
corneal gold deposition,
corneal ulcerations,
pneumonitis, bradycardia,
abdominal pain, cramping,
diarrhea, metallic taste,
stomatitis, anorexia, difficulty
swallowing, drug-induced
hepatitis, dyspepsia,
flatulence, nausea, vomiting,
hematuria, proteinuria,
dermatitis, rash,
photosensitivity reactions,
pruritus, agranulocytosis,
anemia, thrombocytopenia,
eosinophilia, leucopenia,
arthralgia, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis,
angioneurotic edema, nitritoid
reactions

102
Rev. 08/21/08
 every other injection or
every 2–4 wk. May cause
thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia, and
anemia.
Goserelin/ Zoladex antineoplastics Monitor patients with
hormones vertebral metastases for
gonadotropin increased back pain and
releasing hormones decreased sensory/motor
function. Monitor intake
and output ratios and
assess for bladder
distention in patients with
urinary tract obstruction
during initiation of
therapy. Assess patient
for signs and symptoms
of endometriosis before
and periodically during
therapy. Amenorrhea
usually occurs within 8 wk
of initial administration
and menses usually
resume 8 wk after
completion.
Granisetron/ Kytril antiemetics Assess patient for nausea,
five ht3 antagonists vomiting, abdominal
distention, and bowel
sounds prior to and
following administration.
Assess for extrapyramidal
symptoms during
therapy.
Guaifenesin/Alfen Jr, allergy, cold and Assess lung sounds,
Altarussin, Breonesin, cough remedies frequency and type of
Diabetic Tussin, expectorant cough; and character of
Ganidin NR, Guiatuss, bronchial secretions
Hytuss, Hytuss-2X, periodically during therapy.
Mucinex, Naldecon Maintain fluid intake of
Senior EX, Organidin 1500–2000 ml/day to
NR, Robitussin, Scot- decrease viscosity of
tussin Expectorant, secretions.
Siltussin SA, Siltussin
DAS
Guanfacine/ Tenex antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure
centrally acting (lying and standing) and
antiadrenergics pulse frequently during
initial dose adjustment
and periodically during
therapy. Report
significant changes.
Rev. 08/21/08
Headache, anxiety,
depression, dizziness, fatigue,
insomnia, weakness, dyspnea,
cerebrovascular accident, MI,
vasodilation, chest pain,
hypertension, palpitations,
anorexia, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, ulcer,
vomiting, renal insufficiency,
urinary obstruction, sweating,
rashes, decreased libido,
erectile dysfunction, breast
swelling, breast tenderness,
infertility, ovarian cysts,
ovarian hyperstimulation
syndrome, peripheral edema,
anemia, gout, hyperglycemia,
↑ lipids, ↑ bone pain,
arthralgia, ↓ bone density, hot
flashes, chills, fever, weight
gain
Headache, agitation, anxiety,
CNS stimulation, drowsiness,
weakness, hypertension,
constipation, diarrhea,
elevated liver enzymes, taste
disorder, anaphylactoid
reactions, fever.
Dizziness, headache, nausea,
diarrhea, stomach pain,
vomiting, rashes, urticaria.
Drowsiness, weakness,
depression, dizziness, fatigue,
headache, insomnia, tinnitus,
dyspnea, bradycardia, chest
pain, palpitations, rebound
hypertension, constipation, dry
mouth, abdominal pain,
nausea, erectile dysfunction.
103
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Halcinonide/ Halog anti inflammatories Assess affected skin and
steroidal symptoms of infection. Note
corticosteroids degree of inflammation and
pruritus.
Halobetasol/ Ultravate anti inflammatories Assess affected skin and
steroidal symptoms of infection. Note
corticosteroids degree of inflammation and
pruritus.
Haloperidol/ Haldol, antipsychotics Assess mental status
Haldol Decanoate butyrophenones (orientation, mood,
behavior), blood pressure
(sitting, standing, lying) and
pulse, intake and output
ratios and daily weight,
tardive dyskinesia,
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome, signs
and symptoms of
dehydration. onset of
akathisia (restlessness or
desire to keep moving),
which may appear within 6
hr of 1st dose
Heparin/Hep-Lok Antithrombotics, Assess for signs of bleeding
anticoagulants and hemorrhage, evidence
of additional or increased
thrombosis, hypersensitivity
reactions
Hepatitis B immune vaccines/immunizin signs of anaphylaxis
globulin/ BayHep B, g agents (hypotension, flushing,
Nabi-HB immune globulins chest tightness, wheezing,
fever, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, diaphoresis) after
administration. Epinephrine
and antihistamines should
be available for treatment of
anaphylactic reactions
Hetastarch/ Hespan volume expanders Monitor vital signs, CVP,
colloids cardiac output, pulmonary
capillary wedge pressure,
Rev. 08/21/08
Common Side Effects
allergic contact dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression
allergic contact dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression
Seizures, extrapyramidal
reactions, confusion,
drowsiness, restlessness,
tardive dyskinesia, blurred
vision, dry eyes, respiratory
depression, hypotension,
tachycardia, constipation, dry
mouth, anorexia, drug-induced
hepatitis, ileus, weight gain,
urinary retention, diaphoresis,
photosensitivity, rashes,
galactorrhea, amenorrhea,
anemia, leucopenia,
hyperpyrexia, neuroleptic
malignant syndrome,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Drug-induced hepatitis.
alopecia rashes, urticaria,
bleeding, anemia,
thrombocytopenia osteoporosis
fever, hypersensitivity
dizziness, faintness, malaise,
weakness, pruritus, rashes,
urticaria, erythema at IM site,
pain, swelling, tenderness,
joint pain, allergic reactions
including anaphylactic shock
and angioedema.
Headache, CHF, pulmonary
edema, vomiting, pruritus,
urticaria, fluid overload,
104
 and urinary output, signs of
vascular overload. If fever,
wheezing, flu-like
symptoms, urticaria,
periorbital edema, or
submaxillary and parotid
gland enlargement occurs,
stop infusion. Assess
surgical patients for
increased bleeding after
administration.
Histrelin/ Vantas hormones Before therapy, a complete
gonadotropin physical and endocrinologic
releasing hormones examination, including
height, weight, and other
appropriate objective
measures for monitoring the
patient's prostate cancer
must be performed. signs of
hypersensitivity
Human papillomavirus vaccines/immunizin Assess vital signs prior to
quadrivalent (types 6, g agents administration.
11, 16 and 18)
vaccine, recombinant/
Gardasil
Hydralazine/ antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and
Apresoline vasodilators pulse
Hydralazine/isosorbide vasodilators Monitor blood pressure and
dinitrate// BiDil vasodilators pulse
nitrates
Rev. 08/21/08
peripheral edema of the lower
extremities, decreased
hematocrit, decreased platelet
function, myalgia,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylactoid
reactions, chills, fever, parotid
and submaxillary gland
enlargement.
seizures, headache, anxiety,
depression, dizziness,
insomnia, lethargy, malaise,
irritability, visual disturbances,
dyspnea, vasodilation, edema,
palpitations, tachycardia,
abdominal discomfort,
constipationnausea, vomiting,
dysuria, hematuria, polyuria,
urinary retention, rash, acne,
pruritis, increased sweating,
breast discharge, breast pain,
genital pruritis, increased
breast size, anemia, itching,
erythema, and swelling at
implantation site,
hyperlipidemia, hypercalcemia,
arthralgia, joint stiffness,
muscle cramps, muscle
stiffness, myalgia, bone pain,
tremor, allergic reactions
including angioedema ,
increased appetite, increased
pain.
injection site reactions and
anaphylaxis
dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, tachycardia, angina,
arrhythmias, edema,
orthostatic hypotension,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
rashes, sodium retention,
arthralgias, arthritis,
peripheral neuropathy, drug-
induced lupus syndrome.
dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, tachycardia, angina,
arrhythmias, edema,
orthostatic hypotension,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
rashes, sodium retention,
arthralgias, arthritis,
peripheral neuropathy, drug-
induced lupus syndrome,
105
 apprehension, weakness,
paradoxic bradycardia,
syncope, hypotension,
abdominal pain, cross-
tolerance, flushing, tolerance.
Hydrochlorothiazide/ antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure, dizziness, drowsiness,
Esedrix, HCTZ, Hydro- diuretics intake, output, and daily lethargy, weakness,
chlor, Hydro-D, weight and assess feet, hypotension, anorexia,
HydroDIURIL, legs, and sacral area for cramping, hepatitis, nausea,
Microzide, edema daily. anorexia, vomiting, photosensitivity,
Novo-Hydrazide, nausea, vomiting, muscle rashes, hyperglycemia,
Oretic cramps, paresthesia, and hypokalemia, dehydration,
confusion hypercalcemia, hypochloremic
alkalosis, hypomagnesemia,
hyponatremia,
hypophosphatemia,
hypovolemia, blood dyscrasias,
hyperuricemia,
hypercholesterolemia, muscle
cramps, pancreatitis.
Hydrocodone/ allergy, cold and Assess blood pressure, confusion, dizziness, sedation,
Hycodan, cough remedies pulse, and respirations, level euphoria, hallucinations,
Tussigon (antitussive) of sedation, bowel function. headache, unusual dreams,
opioid analgesics Assess cough and lung blurred vision, diplopia, miosis,
opioid agonists sounds during antitussive respiratory depression,
nonopioid analgesic use. Assess type, location, hypotension, bradycardia,
combinations and intensity of pain prior to constipation, dyspepsia,
and 1 hr (peak) following nausea, vomiting, urinary
administration. retention, sweating, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Hydrocodone/ allergy, cold and Assess blood pressure, confusion, dizziness, sedation,
acetaminophen//Anex cough remedies pulse, and respirations, level euphoria, hallucinations,
sia, (antitussive) of sedation, bowel function. headache, unusual dreams,
Co-Gesic, Lorcet-HD, opioid analgesics Assess cough and lung blurred vision, diplopia, miosis,
Lortab, Norco, opioid agonists sounds during antitussive respiratory depression,
Vicodin, nonopioid analgesic use. Assess type, location, hypotension, bradycardia,
Zydone combinations and intensity of pain prior to constipation, dyspepsia,
and 1 hr (peak) following nausea, vomiting, urinary
administration. retention, sweating, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Hydrocodone/aspirin// allergy, cold and Assess blood pressure, confusion, dizziness, sedation,
Azdone cough remedies pulse, and respirations, level euphoria, hallucinations,
(antitussive) of sedation, bowel function. headache, unusual dreams,
opioid analgesics Assess cough and lung blurred vision, diplopia, miosis,
opioid agonists sounds during antitussive respiratory depression,
nonopioid analgesic use. Assess type, location, hypotension, bradycardia,
combinations and intensity of pain prior to constipation, dyspepsia,
and 1 hr (peak) following nausea, vomiting, urinary
administration. retention, sweating, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Hydrocodone/ibuprofe allergy, cold and Assess blood pressure, confusion, dizziness, sedation,
n// cough remedies pulse, and respirations, level euphoria, hallucinations,
Vicoprofen (antitussive) of sedation, bowel function. headache, unusual dreams,
opioid analgesics Assess cough and lung blurred vision, diplopia, miosis,
opioid agonists sounds during antitussive respiratory depression,

106
Rev. 08/21/08
 nonopioid analgesic use. Assess type, location, hypotension, bradycardia,
combinations and intensity of pain prior to constipation, dyspepsia,
and 1 hr (peak) following nausea, vomiting, urinary
administration. retention, sweating, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Hydrocortisone/ anti inflammatories signs of adrenal depression, euphoria,
Cortef, steroidal insufficiency, peripheral headache, increased
Cortenema, corticosteroids edema, steady weight gain, intracranial pressure (children
Cortifoam, rales/crackles, or dyspnea, only), personality changes,
Solu-Cortef signs of anaphylaxis, ECG. psychoses, restlessness,
cataracts, increased
intraocular pressure,
hypertension, peptic
ulceration, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, acne, decreased
wound healing, ecchymoses,
fragility, hirsutism, petechiae,
adrenal suppression,
hyperglycemia, fluid retention,
hypokalemia, hypokalemic
alkalosis, thromboembolism,
thrombophlebitis, weight gain,
weight loss, muscle wasting,
osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis
of joints, muscle pain,
hypersensitivity reactions,
anaphylaxis, cushingoid
appearance, increased
susceptibility to infection.
Hydrocortisone anti inflammatories Assess affected skin before Allergic contact dermatitis,
topical/ Acticort, steroidal and daily during therapy. atrophy, burning, dryness,
Aeroseb-HC, Ala-Cort, corticosteroids Note degree of inflammation edema, folliculitis,
Ala-Scalp, Alphaderm, and pruritus. hypersensitivity reactions,
Anusol HC, Bactine, hypertrichosis,
CaldeCORT Anti-Itch, hypopigmentation, irritation,
Carmol HC, Cetacort, maceration, miliaria, perioral
Cortaid, Cort-Dome, dermatitis, secondary
Corticaine, Cortifair, infection, striae, adrenal
Cortizone, Dermacort, suppression.
DermiCort, Dermtex
HC, FoilleCort,
Gynecort, Hemril-HC,
Hi-Cor, Hycort, Hydro-
Tex, Hytone,
LactiCare-HC,
Lanacort 9-1-1,
Lemoderm, Locoid,
Nutracort, Orabase-
HCA, Pandel,
Penecort, Pharma-
Cort, Prevex HC,
Proctocort, Rhulicort,
Synacort, Texacort
Westcort
Hydromorphone/Dilau allergy, cold and Assess blood pressure, confusion, sedation, dizziness,
did, cough remedies pulse, and respirations, dysphoria, euphoria, floating
Dilaudid-HP, (antitussives) bowel function. Assess type, feeling, hallucinations,

107
Rev. 08/21/08
 Hydrostat opioid analgesics location, and intensity of headache, unusual dreams,
IR, PMS opioid agonists pain prior to and 1 hr blurred vision, diplopia, miosis,
Hydromorphone following IM and 5 min respiratory depression,
(peak) following IV hypotension, bradycardia,
administration. Assess constipation, dry mouth,
cough and lung sounds nausea, vomiting, urinary
during antitussive use retention, flushing, sweating,
physical dependence,
psychological dependence,
tolerance.
Hydroxocobalamin/ antianemics signs of vitamin B12 Diarrhea, itching,
Cyanokit vitamins deficiency. Monitor BP and hypokalemia, pain at IM site,
water soluble HR continuously during and hypersensitivity reactions
vitamins after infusion and including anaphylaxis,
immediately report dizziness, headache, memory
significant changes. impairment, restlessness,
hypertension, chest pain,
edema, tachycardia, dry
throat, eye redness, eye
swelling, dyspnea, abdominal
discomfort, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, dysphagia,
hematochezia, nausea,
vomiting, red urine, erythema,
rash, pruritis, urticaria,
injection site reaction.
Hydroxychloroquine/ antimalarials Assess patient monthly for Seizures, aggressiveness,
Plaquenil antirheumatics pain, swelling, and range of anxiety, apathy, confusion,
(DMARDs) motion, improvement in fatigue, headache, irritability,
signs and symptoms of personality changes,
condition, deep tendon psychoses, keratopathy,
reflexes ototoxicity, retinopathy,
tinnitus, visual disturbances,
ECG changes, hypotension,
abdominal cramps, anorexia,
diarrhea, epigastric discomfort,
nausea, vomiting, hepatic
failure, bleaching of hair,
alopecia, neuromyopathy,
hyperpigmentation,
photosensitivity, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome,
agranulocytosis, aplastic
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, peripheral
neuritis.
Hydroxyprogesterone/ hormones Blood pressure, pattern and Cerebral thrombosis,
Hy/Gesterone, progestins amount of vaginal bleeding depression, coughing,
Hylutin, (pad count) dyspnea, pulmonary
Pro-Depo, Prodrox, embolism, edema,
Pro- thrombophlebitis, cholestatic
Span jaundice, breakthrough
bleeding, amenorrhea, cervical
changes, increased
pigmentation, rashes, allergic
reactions, weight changes.
Hydroxyurea/ Droxia, antineoplastics Assess for signs of infection, Drowsiness, anorexia,
Hydrea, Mylocel antimetabolites increased fatigue, dyspnea, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,

108
Rev. 08/21/08

Hydroxyzine/ Atarax,
Hyzine-50, Vistaril
Hyoscyamine/
Anaspaz, A-Spas S/L,
Cystospaz, Cystospaz-
M, Donnamar, ED-
SPAZ, Gastrosed,
Levsinex, Levsin,
Levbid, L-
Hyoscyamine, NuLev
Name: Dose,
Generic/Trade and Times
and orthostatic hypotension,
bleeding, intake and output,
appetite, and nutritional
intake
antianxiety agents Assess patient for profound
antihistamines sedation, mental status
sedative/hypnotics (orientation, mood, and
behavior), degree of nausea
and frequency and amount
of emesis, degree of itching
and character of involved
skin
antispasmodics Assess vital signs and ECG
anticholinergics tracings frequently during IV
drug therapy. Assess
patients routinely for
abdominal distention and
auscultate for bowel sounds.
Monitor intake and output
ratios in elderly or surgical
patients because
hyoscyamine may cause
urinary retention.
Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
constipation, hepatitis,
stomatitis, dysuria, infertility,
renal tubular dysfunction,
alopecia, exacerbation of post-
radiation erythema, erythema,
pruritus, rashes, leukopenia,
anemia, thrombocytopenia,
hyperuricemia, chills, fever,
malaise.
drowsiness, agitation, ataxia,
dizziness, headache,
weakness, wheezing, dry
mouth, bitter taste,
constipation, nausea, urinary
retention, flushing, pain at IM
site, abscesses at IM sites,
chest tightness.
blurred vision, nausea, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis,
confusion/excitement
(especially in geriatric
patients), dizziness, flushing,
headache, insomnia,
lightheadedness (IM, IV,
subcut), nervousness,
decreased sweating, urticaria
Common Side Effects

Ibandronate/ Boniva bone resorption Assess patients for low bone
inhibitors mass before and periodically
biphosphonates during therapy
Ibritumomab antineoplastics Assess patient for signs
tiuxetan/ monoclonal of infusion reaction
Zevalin antibodies usually seen within 30–
radioisotopes 120 min following
infusion. Monitor patient
for neutropenia and
thrombocytopenia during
and for 3 mo following
treatment. Biodistribution
of indium-111 Zevalin
should be assessed at 2–
24 hr and 48–72 hr after
injection. Monitor CBC
and platelet counts prior
to administration, weekly
during therapy, and until
counts recover.
diarrhea, dyspepsia,
esophagitis,
esophageal/gastric ulcer,
musculoskeletal pain, pain in
arms/legs, osteonecrosis
(primarily of jaw), injection
site reactions.
anxiety, dizziness, rhinitis,
dyspnea, increased cough,
bronchospasm, abdominal
pain, anorexia, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting,
ecchymoses, pruritis,
leucopenia, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, arthralgia, infections,
infusion reactions, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, secondary
malignancies.

109
Rev. 08/21/08
Ibuprofin lysine/ nonsteroidal anti Monitor respiratory
NeoProfen inflammatory status, heart rate, blood
agents pressure, ECG, and heart
sounds routinely during
therapy. May mask signs
of infection; monitor
closely.
Ibuprofen oral/Advil, antipyretics Assess pain and range of
Advil Migraine Liqui- antirheumatics motion prior to and 1–2 hr
Gels, Children's Advil, nonopioid following administration.
Children's Motrin, analgesics Monitor temperature; note
Excedrin IB, Genpril, nonsteroidal anti signs associated with fever.
Haltran, Junior inflammatory Assess for signs and
Strength Advil, agents symptoms of GI bleeding,
Menadol, Medipren, nonopioid renal dysfunction, and
Midol Maximum analgesics hepatic impairment. BUN,
Strength Cramp serum creatinine, CBC, and
Formula, Motrin, liver function tests should
Motrin Drops, Motrin be evaluated periodically in
IB, Motrin Junior patients receiving prolonged
Strength, Motrin therapy.
Migraine Pain, Nu-
Ibuprofen, Nuprin,
PediaCare Children's
Fever
Ibutilide/Corvert antiarrhythmics Monitor ECG continuously
(class III) throughout and for 4 hr
after infusion or until QT
interval normalizes.
Clinicians trained to treat
ventricular arrhythmias,
medications, and equipment
(defibrillator/ cardioverter)
should be available during
therapy and monitoring of
patient
Idarubicin/ Idamycin antineoplastics Monitor blood pressure,
anthracyclines pulse, respiratory rate,
and temperature, bone
marrow depression, signs
of myocardial toxicity,
bleeding and avoid IM
injections and taking
rectal temperatures if
platelet count is low.
Monitor intake and output
ratios, nausea and
vomiting may occur as
early as 1 hr after
therapy and may last 24
hr. Parenteral antiemetics
should be administered
30–45 min prior to
therapy and routinely
around the clock for the
next 24 hr as indicated.
Assess injection site
Rev. 08/21/08
Atelectasis, edema,
hypoglycemia, adrenal
insufficiency, anemia,
bleeding, irritation or infection
site.
Headache, dizziness,
drowsiness, psychic
disturbances, amblyopia,
blurred vision, tinnitus,
arrhythmias, edema, GI
bleeding, hepatitis,
constipation, dyspepsia,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal
discomfort, cystitis, hematuria,
renal failure, exfoliative
dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis, rashes, blood
dyscrasias, prolonged bleeding
time, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Headache, arrhythmias,
nausea.
headache, mental status
changes, pulmonary toxicity,
pulmonary allergic reactions,
arrhythmias, cardiotoxicity,
CHF, abdominal cramps,
diarrhea, mucositis, nausea,
vomiting, alopecia,
photosensitivity, rashes,
gonadal suppression, bleeding,
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, phlebitis at
IV site, hyperuricemia,
peripheral neuropathy, fever.
110
 frequently infiltrate
painlessly. Monitor
CBC, differential, and
platelet count.
Idursulface/ Elaprase replacement Observe for signs and
enzyme symptoms of anaphylaxis.
enzymes Keep epinephrine, an
antihistamine,
corticosteroids, and
resuscitation equipment
close by in case of
anaphylactic reaction.
Monitor for infusion-
related reactions.
Ifosfamide/ Ifex antineoplastics Monitor blood pressure,
alkylating agents pulse, respiratory rate, and
temperature; urinary
output; neurologic status;
nausea, vomiting, and
appetite; weight; bone
marrow depression; and
bleeding frequently during
therapy. Monitor CBC,
differential, and platelet
count; AST, ALT, serum
alkaline phosphatase,
bilirubin, and LDH; and
BUN, serum creatinine,
phosphate, and potassium
prior to and periodically
during therapy. Urinalysis
should be evaluated before
each dose.
Iloprost/ Ventavis vasodilators Assess respiratory status,
prostacyclins vital signs prior to and
throughout therapy. Do
not administer if BP <85
mmHg. Assess for signs
of pulmonary edema.
Imatinib/ Gleevec antineoplastics Monitor for fluid
enzyme inhibitors retention, Weigh
regularly, signs of pleural
effusion, pericardial
effusion, pulmonary
edema, ascites, vital
signs, fever. Monitor
liver function before and
monthly during treatment
or when clinically
indicated. Monitor CBC
weekly for the first
month, biweekly for the
second month, and
periodically during
therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
headache, malaise,
hypertension, dyspepsia,
cutaneous reactions, infusion
site swelling, arthralgia,
anaphylactoid reactions, fever.
CNS toxicity (somnolence,
confusion, hallucinations,
coma), cranial nerve
dysfunction, disorientation,
dizziness, cardiotoxicity,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
constipation, diarrhea,
hepatotoxicity, hemorrhagic
cystitis, dysuria, sterility, renal
toxicity, alopecia, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
phlebitis, allergic reactions.
fainting, headache, insomnia, ↑
cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis,
CHF, vasodilation, chest pain,
hypotension, peripheral
edema, supraventricular
tachycardia, nausea, vomiting,
renal failure, facial flushing,
back pain, jaw-muscle spasm,
muscle cramps.
fatigue, headache, weakness,
cough, dyspnea, epistaxis,
nasopharyngitis, pneumonia,
fever, hepatotoxicity,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
petechiae, pruritus, skin rash,
edema, hypokalemia,
bleeding, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, weight
gain, arthralgia, muscle
cramps, musculoskeletal pain,
myalgia, night sweats.
111
Imiglucerase/ replacement Monitor for an
Cerezyme enzyme improvement in
symptoms including
hepatomegaly,
splenomegaly, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, bone
demineralization, and
increased appetite and
energy level periodically
throughout therapy.
Assess liver and spleen
size every 6 mo to
determine effectiveness
of therapy. Monitor
patient for signs of
hypersensitivity
reactions. Monitor
hemoglobin and platelet
count monthly to
determine effectiveness
of therapy.
Imiquimod/ Aldara antivirals Assess affected area(s) prior
immune modifiers to and periodically during
immune response therapy.
modifiers
Imipenim/ Primaxin anti-infectives Assess patient for
carbapenems infection, signs and
symptoms of anaphylaxis
at beginning of and
throughout therapy.
Obtain a history before
initiating therapy to
determine previous use of
and reactions to
penicillins.
Imipramine/ Norfranil, antidepressants Monitor blood pressure
Tipramine, Tofranil, tricyclic and pulse rate, weight
Tofranil PM antidepressants and BMI, sexual
dysfunction, ECG, mental
status, suicidal
tendencies, frequency of
bedwetting, pain, plasma
levels in treatment-
resistant patients. Assess
leukocyte and differential
blood counts and renal
and hepatic functions
prior to and periodically
during prolonged or high-
dose therapy.
Immune Globin/ vaccines/immunizin Assess patient for aseptic
gamma globulin, IG, g agents meningitis syndrome
ISG, immune serum immune globulins (AMS). Monitor patient for
globulin signs of infection during
therapy. Monitor platelet
Rev. 08/21/08
dizziness, headache, mild
hypotension, abdominal
discomfort, nausea, decreased
urinary frequency, pruritus,
rash, antibody production,
hypersensitivity reactions,
fever.
Irritation, pain, pruritis,
burning, swelling, fungal
infections (women).
Seizures, dizziness,
somnolence, hypotension,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
rash, pruritus, sweating,
urticaria, eosinophilia, phlebitis
at IV site, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis, fever,
superinfection.
drowsiness, fatigue, agitation,
confusion, hallucinations,
insomnia, blurred vision, dry
eyes, arrhythmias,
hypotension, ECG changes,
constipation, dry mouth,
nausea, paralytic ileus, weight
gain, urinary retention,
decreased libido,
photosensitivity,
gynecomastia, blood
dyscrasias.
aseptic meningitis syndrome,
headache, light-headedness,
malaise, dyspnea, wheezing,
chest pain, vascular occlusion,
nausea, renal failure, diuresis
112
 counts in patients being (maltose containing-products),
treated for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, cyanosis,
thrombocytopenic urticaria, arthralgia, back pain,
purpura. hip pain, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis,
angioedema, chills, fever,
sweating.
SQ or IM site—muscle
stiffness, pain, tenderness,
IV site—local inflammation,
phlebitis, urticaria.
Immune globulin IM/ vaccines/immunizin Assess patient for aseptic aseptic meningitis syndrome,
BayGam, IGIM g agents meningitis syndrome headache, light-headedness,
immune globulins (AMS). Monitor patient for malaise, dyspnea, wheezing,
signs of infection during chest pain, vascular occlusion,
therapy. Monitor platelet nausea, renal failure, diuresis
counts in patients being (maltose containing-products),
treated for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, cyanosis,
thrombocytopenic urticaria, arthralgia, back pain,
purpura. hip pain, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis,
angioedema, chills, fever,
sweating.
SQ or IM site—muscle
stiffness, pain, tenderness,
IV site—local inflammation,
phlebitis, urticaria.
Immune globulin IV/ vaccines/immunizin Monitor vital signs aseptic meningitis syndrome,
Gamimune N, g agents continuously during headache, light-headedness,
Gammagard S/D, immune globulins infusion of immune malaise, dyspnea, wheezing,
Gammar-P IV, globulin IV and assess chest pain, vascular occlusion,
Iveegam, Panglobulin, patient for signs of nausea, renal failure, diuresis
Polygam S/D, anaphylaxis for 1 hr (maltose containing-products),
Privigen, following initiation of nephrotic syndrome, cyanosis,
Sandoglobulin, infusion. Assess patient urticaria, arthralgia, back pain,
Venoglobulin-S for aseptic meningitis hip pain, allergic reactions
syndrome (AMS). Monitor including anaphylaxis,
patient for signs of angioedema, chills, fever,
infection during therapy. sweating.
Monitor platelet counts SQ or IM site—muscle
in patients being stiffness, pain, tenderness,
treated for idiopathic IV site—local inflammation,
thrombocytopenic phlebitis, urticaria.
purpura.

Immune globulin SQ/ vaccines/immunizin Assess patient for aseptic aseptic meningitis syndrome,
Vivaglobin g agents meningitis syndrome headache, light-headedness,
immune globulins (AMS). Monitor patient for malaise, dyspnea, wheezing,
signs of infection during chest pain, vascular occlusion,
therapy. Monitor platelet nausea, renal failure, diuresis
counts in patients being (maltose containing-products),
treated for idiopathic nephrotic syndrome, cyanosis,
thrombocytopenic urticaria, arthralgia, back pain,
purpura. hip pain, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis,
angioedema, chills, fever,
sweating.

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Rev. 08/21/08
 SQ or IM site—muscle
stiffness, pain, tenderness,
IV site—local inflammation,
phlebitis, urticaria.
Inamrinone/ Inocor inotropics Inotropic effects may be Dyspnea, arrhythmias,
bipyridines additive with digoxin. hypotension, diarrhea,
Monitor blood pressure, hepatotoxicity, nausea,
pulse, ECG, respiratory rate, vomiting, hypokalemia,
cardiac index, pulmonary thrombocytopenia,
capillary wedge pressure, tachyphylaxis, fever,
and central venous pressure hypersensitivity reactions.
frequently during
administration. Monitor
intake and output and weigh
daily. Assess for resolution
of signs of CHF. Platelet
counts, serum electrolytes,
liver enzymes, and renal
function should be evaluated
periodically throughout
therapy

Indapimide/ Lozol antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure, dizziness, drowsiness,

diuretics intake and output, and
thiazide like daily weight and assess
diuretics feet, legs, and sacral area
for edema daily. Assess
patient, especially if
taking digoxin, for
anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, and
confusion. Patients taking
digoxin have an increased
risk of digitalis toxicity
due to the potassium-
depleting effect of the
diuretic. Assess patient
for allergy to
sulfonamides. Monitor
electrolytes (especially
potassium), blood
glucose, BUN, serum
creatinine, and uric acid
levels periodically
throughout therapy.
Indinavir/ Crixivan antiretrovirals Assess for change in
protease inhibitors severity of symptoms of
HIV infection and for
symptoms of
opportunistic infections
throughout therapy.
Monitor viral load and
CD4 cell count
periodically during
therapy.
Indomethacin/ antirheumatics Assess limitation of
Indocin, Indocin I.V, ductus arteriosus movement and pain—
lethargy, arrhythmias,
hypotension, anorexia,
cramping, nausea, vomiting,
photosensitivity, rashes,
hyperglycemia, hypokalemia,
dehydration, hypochloremic
alkalosis, hyponatremia,
hypovolemia, hyperuricemia,
muscle cramps.
dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue,
headache, insomnia,
weakness, abdominal pain,
acid regurgitation, altered
taste, asymptomatic
hyperbilirubinemia, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting,
nephrolithiasis, hyperglycemia,
ketoacidosis, back pain, flank
pain, redistribution of body fat.
dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, psychic

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Rev. 08/21/08
Indocin SR, Indochron patency adjuncts note type, location, and
E-R (IV only) intensity before and 1–2
nonsteroidal anti hr after administration.
inflammatory Monitor respiratory
agents status, heart rate, blood
pressure, ECG, heart
sounds, intake and
output. Evaluate BUN,
serum creatinine, CBC,
serum potassium levels,
and liver function tests
periodically in patients
receiving prolonged
therapy.
Infliximab/ Remicade antirheumatics Assess for infusion-
(DMARDs) related reactions during
gastroinestinal anti and for 2 hr after
inflammatories infusion. Assess for latent
monoclonal tuberculosis with a
antibodies tuberculin skin test prior
to initiation of therapy.
Observe patient for
hypersensitivity reactions
during infusion. Assess
pain and range of motion
prior to and periodically
during therapy. Assess
for signs and symptoms
of Crohn’s Disease and
ulcerative Colitis before,
during, and after therapy.
Monitor liver function
tests periodically during
therapy. Monitor CBC
with differential
periodically during
therapy.
Influenza vaccine/ vaccines/immunizin Assess patient for history
FluMist g agents of asthma or reactive
airway disease. Monitor
patient for signs of
Rev. 08/21/08
disturbances, blurred vision,
tinnitus, hypertension, edema,
cystitis, hematuria, renal
failure, rashes, hyperkalemia,
thrombocytopenia, blood
dyscrasias, prolonged bleeding
time, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis. PO—drug-induced
hepatitis, GI bleeding,
constipation, dyspepsia,
nausea, vomiting, discomfort,
necrotizing enterocolitis.
IV—dilutional hyponatremia,
hypoglycemia.
fatigue, headache, anxiety,
depression, dizziness,
insomnia, conjunctivitis, upper
respiratory tract infection,
bronchitis, cough, dyspnea,
laryngitis, pharyngitis,
respiratory tract allergic
reaction, rhinitis, sinusitis,
chest pain, hypertension,
hypotension, pericardial
effusion, tachycardia, CHF,
abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting, constipation,
diarrhea, dyspepsia,
flatulence, hepatotoxicity,
intestinal obstruction, oral
pain, tooth pain, ulcerative
stomatitis, dysuria, urinary
frequency, urinary tract
infection, acne, alopecia, dry
skin, ecchymosis, eczema,
erythema, flushing,
hematoma, increased
sweating, hot flushes, pruritus,
urticaria, rash, neutropenia,
arthralgia, arthritis, back pain,
involuntary muscle
contractions, myalgia,
paresthesia, infections
including reactivation TB,
pneumonia and invasive fungal
infections, fever, infusion
reactions, chills, flu-like
syndrome, herpes simplex,
herpes zoster, hypersensitivity
reactions, ↑ risk of lymphoma,
lupus-like syndrome,
moniliasis, pain, peripheral
edema, vasculitis.
Headache, rhinitis, nasal
congestion, fever.
115
 allergic reaction following
administration.
Insulin aspart/Novolog Pancreatics, Assess for symptoms of Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy,
antidiabetics, hypoglycemia and pruritis, erythema, swelling,
hormones hyperglycemia during allergic reactions including
therapy. Monitor body anaphylaxis
weight
Insulin aspart antidiabetics Assess for symptoms of Hypoglycemia, erythema,
protamine hormones hypoglycemia and lipodystrophy, pruritis,
suspension/insulin pancreatics hyperglycemia, body swelling, allergic reactions
aspart solution weight periodically. including anaphylaxis.
mixtures, rdna origin Monitor blood glucose
(NovoLog Mix 70/30) every 6 hr during
therapy. Overdose is
manifested by symptoms
of hypoglycemia.

Insulin Detemir/ antidiabetics Assess patient for signs Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy,

Levemir hormones and symptoms of pruritis, erythema, swelling,
pancreatics hypoglycemia and allergic reactions including
hyperglycemia, body anaphylaxis.
weight periodically.
Monitor blood glucose
every 6 hr during
therapy, more frequently
in ketoacidosis and times
of stress. A1C may be
monitored every 3–6
months to determine
effectiveness.
Insulin Pancreatics, Assess for symptoms of Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy,
glargine/Lantus hormones hypoglycemia and pruritis, erythema, swelling,
hyperglycemia periodically allergic reactions including
during therapy anaphylaxis
Insulin Glulisine (rDNA antidiabetics Assess for symptoms of Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy,
origin)/ Apidra hormones hypoglycemia and pruritis, erythema, swelling,
pancreatics hyperglycemia, body allergic reactions including
weight periodically. anaphylaxis.
Monitor blood glucose
every 6 hr during
therapy, more frequently
in ketoacidosis and times
of stress. A1C may be
monitored every 3–6
months to determine
effectiveness.

Insulin lispro (rDNA)/ antidiabetics Assess for symptoms of Hypoglycemia, erythema,

Humalog hormones hypoglycemia and lipodystrophy, pruritis,
pancreatics hyperglycemia, body swelling, allergic reactions
weight periodically. including anaphylaxis.
Monitor blood glucose
every 6 hr during
therapy, more frequently
in ketoacidosis and times
of stress. A1C may be
monitored every 3–6
months to determine

116
Rev. 08/21/08
 effectiveness.
Insulin lispro antidiabetics Assess for symptoms of
protamine hormones hypoglycemia and
suspension/insulin pancreatics hyperglycemia, body
lispro solution weight periodically.
mixtures, rdna origin Monitor blood glucose
(Humalog Mix 75/25, every 6 hr during
Humalog Mix 50/50) therapy. Overdose is
manifested by symptoms
of hypoglycemia.
Insulin nph/Novolin N Pancreatics, Assess patient periodically
hormones/ for symptoms of
antidiabetics hypoglycemia and
hyperglycemia during
therapy. Monitor body
weight periodically.
Insulin Regular/ Pancreatics, Assess for symptoms of
Humulin R, Novolin R, hormones/ hypoglycemia and
Iletin II Regular, antidiabetics hyperglycemia, body
Velosulin BR, Humulin weight periodically.
R Regular U-500 Monitor blood glucose
(Concentrated) every 6 hr during
therapy. Overdose is
manifested by symptoms
of hypoglycemia.
Interferon Alfacon-1/ immune modifiers Assess patient for symptoms
Infergen interferons of hepatitis C, mood,
depression, suicidal
ideation, and other severe
psychiatric disorders.
Monitor liver function
studies prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor platelet count,
hemoglobin, hematocrit,
absolute neutrophil count
(ANC), serum creatinine,
bilirubin, and albumin
concentrations, and TSH
and T prior to and 2 wk
after initiation of therapy
and periodically during
therapy.
Interferon alpha-2b/ immune modifiers Assess for signs of
Intron A interferons neuropsychiatric
disorders, signs of
infection, cardiovascular
disorders, ECG, signs of
colitis and pancreatitis
during therapy. Colitis
usually resolves within 1–
3 wks of discontinuation.
Assess for development
of flu-like syndrome.
Rev. 08/21/08
Hypoglycemia, erythema,
lipodystrophy, pruritis,
swelling, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy,
pruritis, erythema, swelling,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis
Hypoglycemia, lipodystrophy,
pruritis, erythema, swelling,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis
anxiety, depression, dizziness,
insomnia, nervousness,
malaise, suicidal ideation, loss
of visual acuity or visual field,
tinnitus, abdominal pain,
anorexia, diarrhea, dyspepsia,
vomiting, constipation, dry
mouth, flatulence, alopecia,
pruritus, rash, hypothyroidism,
anemia, leucopenia,
thrombocytopenia, injection
site reactions, body pain,
paresthesia, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis, flu-like
symptoms (headache, fatigue,
fever).
Neuropsychiatric disorders,
confusion, depression,
dizziness, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, irritability, anxiety,
blurred vision, nose bleeds,
rhinitis, ischemic disorders,
arrhythmias, chest pain,
edema, colitis, pancreatitis,
anorexia, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, dry mouth, nausea,
taste disorder, vomiting,
117
 Symptoms often appear
suddenly 3–6 hr after
therapy. Monitor for bone
marrow depression,
bleeding, pulmonary
status periodically during
therapy. Perform a
baseline eye exam in all
patients prior to initiation
of therapy. Assess for
signs of thyroid
dysfunction. Monitor
number, size, and
character of Kaposi
Sarcoma lesions prior to
and throughout therapy.
Monitor for CBC and
differential; liver function
and renal function tests.
Interferon alpha-n3/ immune modifiers Assess for signs of
Alferon N interferons neuropsychiatric
disorders, signs of
infection, cardiovascular
disorders, ECG, signs of
colitis and pancreatitis
during therapy. Colitis
usually resolves within 1–
3 wks of discontinuation.
Assess for development
of flu-like syndrome.
Symptoms often appear
suddenly 3–6 hr after
therapy. Monitor for bone
marrow depression,
bleeding, pulmonary
status periodically during
therapy. Perform a
baseline eye exam in all
patients prior to initiation
of therapy. Assess for
signs of thyroid
dysfunction. Monitor
number, size, and
character of Kaposi
Sarcoma lesions prior to
and throughout therapy.
Monitor for CBC and
differential; liver function
and renal function tests.
Interferon Beta-1a/ anti multiple Assess frequency of
Avonex, Rebif sclerosis agents exacerbations of symptoms
immune modifiers of multiple sclerosis
interferons periodically during therapy
Monitor patient for signs of
depression during therapy.
If depression occurs, notify
physician or other health
Rev. 08/21/08
weight loss, drug-induced
hepatitis, flatulence, alopecia,
dry skin, pruritus, rash,
sweating, thyroid disorders,
leucopenia, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, hemolytic anemia
(with ribavirin), arthralgia,
myalgia, leg cramps,
paresthesia, cough, dyspnea,
injection site reactions,
autoimmune disorders,
infectious disorders, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, chills, fever, flu-
like syndrome.
Neuropsychiatric disorders,
confusion, depression,
dizziness, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, irritability, anxiety,
blurred vision, nose bleeds,
rhinitis, ischemic disorders,
arrhythmias, chest pain,
edema, colitis, pancreatitis,
anorexia, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, dry mouth, nausea,
taste disorder, vomiting,
weight loss, drug-induced
hepatitis, flatulence, alopecia,
dry skin, pruritus, rash,
sweating, thyroid disorders,
leucopenia, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, hemolytic anemia
(with ribavirin), arthralgia,
myalgia, leg cramps,
paresthesia, cough, dyspnea,
injection site reactions,
autoimmune disorders,
infectious disorders, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, chills, fever, flu-
like syndrome.
Seizures, depression,
dizziness, fatigue, headache,
drowsiness, incoordination,
rigors, suicidal ideation,
sinusitis, vision abnormalities,
upper respiratory tract
infection, chest pain, heart
failure, abdominal pain,
118
 care professional
immediately
Monitor hemoglobin, WBC,
platelets, and blood
chemistries including liver
function tests prior to and 1,
3, and 6 mo after initiation
of therapy.
Interferon Beta-1B/ anti multiple Assess frequency of
Betaseron sclerosis agents exacerbations of symptoms
immune modifiers of multiple sclerosis
interferons periodically during therapy.
Monitor patient for signs of
depression during therapy.
If depression occurs, notify
physician or other health
care professional
immediately.
Monitor hemoglobin, WBC,
platelets, and blood
chemistries including liver
function tests prior to and 1,
3, and 6 mo after initiation
of therapy and periodically
thereafter.
Interferon gamma1b/ immune modifiers Assess patient for signs and
Actimmune interferons symptoms of infection
before and throughout
therapy. Flu-like syndrome
is a frequent side effect that
may decrease in severity as
treatment continues.
Monitor CBC with
differential, platelet count,
blood chemistries including
liver and kidney function,
and urinalysis before and
every 3 mo throughout
therapy.
Iodine / Iodide antithyroid agents Assess for signs and
(strong iodine iodine containing symptoms of iodism,
solution/Lugol's agents symptoms of
solution) hyperthyroidism,
hypersensitivity reaction.
Monitor thyroid function,
serum potassium levels,
thyroid stimulating hormone
Rev. 08/21/08
nausea, autoimmune hepatitis,
dry mouth, elevated liver
function studies, urinary tract
infection, urinary incontinence,
polyuria, alopecia, rash,
hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism, spontaneous
abortion, neutropenia, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, injection-
site reactions, injection site
necrosis, myalgia, arthralgia,
back pain, muscle spasm,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, chills, fever, flu-
like symptoms, pain.
depression, headache,
incoordination, insomnia,
suicidal ideation, dyspnea,
edema, chest pain,
hypertension, abdominal pain,
constipation, nausea,
vomiting, autoimmune
hepatitis, elevated liver
function studies, urgency,
erectile dysfunction, rash,
menstrual disorders,
hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism, menorrhagia,
spontaneous abortion,
neutropenia, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, injection-
site reactions , injection site
necrosis, myalgia, muscle
spasm, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis, chills,
fever, flu-like symptoms, pain.
Headache, decreased mental
status, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain,
rash, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, edema or
tenderness at injection site,
arthralgia, myalgia, back pain,
gait disturbances, chills, fever.
confusion, weakness, GI
bleeding, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, acneiform eruptions,
hypothyroidism, goiter,
hyperthyroidism,
hyperkalemia, tingling, joint
pain, hypersensitivity, iodism.
119
 (TSH) and free T4 in
neonates.
Ipecac syrup emetic overdose/ poisoning from assess LOC Myocarditis, sedation,
noncaustic substance arrhythmias, diarrhea,
aspiration (can be fatal)
Ipratropium (Atrovent allergy, cold and COPD, rhinorrhea from assess respiratory status dizziness, headache, epistaxis,
HFA) cough remedies; rhinitis or common cold nervousness, nasal dryness/
bronchodilators; irritation, blurred vision, sore
anticholinergics throat, bronchospasm, cough,
hypotension, palpitations, GI
irritation, nausea, rash,
allergic reactions
Irbesartan (Avapro) antihypertensives; Hypertension; diabetic BP (standing, sitting, lying), Angioedema, dizziness,
angiotensin ii nephropathy pulse; monitor renal hyperkalemia, fatigue, anxiety,
receptor function headache, hypotension,
antagonists edema, hypotension,
tachycardia, chest pain,
abdominal pain, rashes,
diarrhea, dyspepsia, impaired
renal function, n/v, pain
Irinotecan antineoplastics; metastatic colorectal cancer monitor vital signs, assess Diarrhea, elevated liver
(Camptosar) enzyme inhibitors for bleeding enzymes, dizziness, headache,
insomnia, weakness, rhinitis,
dyspnea, vasodilation,
coughing, edema, abdominal
pain/cramping, anorexia, n/v,
constipation, dyspepsia,
weight loss, flatulence,
alopecia, rash, leukopenia,
stomatitis, chills, dehydration,
anemia, sweating, fever, back
pain, injection site reactions,
thrombocytopenia, colonic
ulceration, abdominal
enlargement, neutropenia
Iron dextran antianemics; Iron deficiency monitor BP and HR following Allergic reactions, seizures,
(Dexferrum, InFeD) iron supplements IV admin hypotension, skin staining at
IM site, dizziness, headache,
syncope, abdominal pain,
tachycardia, arthralgia,
urticaria, phlebitis at IV site,
fever, lymphadenopathy, n/v,
pain at IM site, sweating
Iron polysaccharide antianemics; treatment and prevention of assess bowel function for epigastric pain, nausea, dark
(Hytinic, Nu-Iron, iron supplements iron deficiency anemia constipation or diarrhea stools, constipation, dizziness,
Niferex) headache, syncope, vomiting,
temporary staining of teeth, GI
bleeding
Iron sucrose (Venofer) antianemics; iron deficiency anemia in monitor BP during infusion Hypersensitivity reactions,
iron supplements chronic renal failure headache, n/v, diarrhea, leg
cramps, dyspnea, dizziness,
weakness, increased liver
enzymes, cough, pruritus,
hypotension, chest pain, CHF,
hypertension, abdominal pain,
taste perversion,
hypervolemia, injection site
reactions, sepsis,

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Rev. 08/21/08
 musculoskeletal pain, fever

Isocarboxazid antidepressants; depression BP and pulse, I&Os, assess Hypertensive crisis, seizures,
(Marplan) monamine oxidase hepatic function dizziness, blurred vision,
inhibitors headache, nausea, dry mouth,
akathisia, restlessness,
anxiety, ataxia, euphoria,
black tongue, drowsiness,
weakness, insomnia, dysuria,
orthostatic hypotension,
diarrhea, sexual dysfunction,
dysuria, urinary incontinence,
urinary retention,
photosensitivity, constipation
Isoniazid antituberculars Active or latent TB infection Monitor hepatic function Drug-induced HEP, n/v,
monthly peripheral neuropathy, visual
disturbances, psychosis,
rashes, seizures,
gynecomastia, blood
dyscrasias, fever
Isoproterenol/ Isuprel, antiarrhythmics Assess lung sounds, Nervousness, restlessness,
Medihaler-Iso bronchodilators respiratory pattern, pulse, tremor, headache, insomnia,
adrenergics and blood pressure; and arrhythmias, angina,
pulmonary function tests hypertension, tachycardia,
before initiating therapy and nausea, vomiting, xerostomia,
periodically throughout. hyperglycemia, pink/red
discoloration of saliva.
Isosorbide group antianginals; angina pectoris, chronic CHF monitor BP and pulse hypotension, tachycardia,
nitrates routinely dizziness, headache, paradoxic
bradycardia, syncope, flushing,
tolerance, n/v
Isotretinoin/ antiacne agents Assess skin, allergy to conjunctivitis, epistaxis,
Accutane, Amnesteem retinoids parabens prior to and cheilitis, dry mouth, nausea,
periodically during therapy. vomiting, pruritus, anemia,
Verify that patient receiving decreased high-density
isotretinoin is registered lipoproteins,
with the iPLEDGE program hypercholesterolemia,
and is completing all hypertriglyceridemia,
required interactions with arthralgia, back pain,
their health care provider. muscle/bone pain, suicide
Monitor liver function prior attempt, pseudotumor cerebri,
to therapy, after 1 mo of severe birth defects
therapy, and periodically
thereafter.
Isradipine (DynaCirc, antianginals; hypertension; angina BP, pulse, I&Os, daily CHF, arrhythmias, stevens-
DynaCirc CR) antihypertensives; pectoris; vasospastic weight, monitor ECG johnson syndrome, peripheral
calcium channel (Prinzmetal’s) angina periodically edema, abnormal dreams,
blockers chest pain, anxiety, confusion,
rash, dizziness, drowsiness,
blurred vision, headache,
nervousness, psychiatric
disturbances, dry mouth,
disturbed equilibrium,
epistaxis, tinnitus,
bradycardia, cough, dyspnea,
palpitations, hypotension,
constipation, n/v, syncope,
tachycardia, abnormal liver

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Rev. 08/21/08
 function studies, anorexia,
diarrhea, dysgeusia,
dyspepsia, dysuria, nocturia,
polyuria, sexual dysfunction,
increased sweating, urinary
frequency, dermatitis,
flushing, erythema multiforme,
photosensitivity, increased
sweating, prutitus/ urticaria,
gynecomastia, hyper-
glycemia, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, leukopenia, gingival
hyperplasia, paresthesia, joint
stiffness, paresthesia, weight
gain, muscle cramps, tremor
Itraconazole antifungal histoplasmosis; assess for s&s of infection Hepatotoxicity, toxic epidermal
(Sporanox) (systemic) blastomycosis; aspergillosis; periodically (vital signs, lung necrolysis, nausea, dizziness,
dermatophyte infection; sounds, sputum, WBC, nail drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
oropharyngeal esophageal beds) flatulence, malaise, tinnitus,
candidiasis CHF, edema, hypertension,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
diarrhea, vomiting,
albuminuria, decreased libido,
erectile dysfunction, pruritus,
photosensitivity, hypokalemia,
adrenal insufficiency, allergic
reactions, rash, fever
Ixabepilone (Ixempra) antineoplastics; metastatic or locally monitor for hypersensitivity Myelosuppression, nail
epothilone B analog advanced breast cancer reaction; monitor CBC disorder, fatigue, constipation,
weakness, abdominal pain,
n/v, anorexia, diarrhea,
mucositis, stomatitis,
hyperpigmentation, alopecia,
myalgia, palmar-plantar
erythrodysesthesia, arthralgia,
musculoskeletal pain,
peripheral neuopathy,
dizziness, headache, insomnia,
increased lacrimation, edema,
chest pain, rash, myocardial
ischemia, dyspnea, exfoliation,
altered taste, pruritus, hot
flushes, hypersensitivity
reactions
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be Common Side Effects
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration

Kanamycin/ Kantrex anti-infectives Assess patient for infection Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity,

aminoglycosides (vital signs, wound muscle paralysis,
appearance, sputum, urine, hypersensitivity reactions.
stool, WBC); intake and
output and daily weight;
evaluate eighth cranial
nerve function by
audiometry; signs of
superinfection at beginning

122
Rev. 08/21/08
 of and throughout therapy.
Monitor renal function by
BUN and creatinine before
and throughout therapy.
Kaolin/pectin/ Kao- antidiarrheals Assess the frequency and
Spen, Kapectolin adsorbents consistency of stools and
bowel sounds before and
throughout course of
therapy. Assess fluid and
electrolyte balance and skin
turgor for dehydration.
Kava-kava (Piper antianxiety agents Assess muscle spasm,
Methysticum)/ Ava sedative/hypnotics associated pain, limitations
pepper, intoxicating of movement; degree of
pepper, kao, kew, anxiety and level of
tonga, sedation; sleep patterns
wurzelstock, yagona prior to and periodically
throughout therapy.
Ketamine/ Ketalar general anesthetics Monitor blood pressure,
ECG, and respiratory status;
and level of consciousness
frequently throughout
therapy.
Ketoconazole antifungals Assess patient for symptoms
(systemic)/ (systemic) of infection prior to and
Nizoral periodically during therapy.
Monitor hepatic function
tests prior to and monthly
for 3–4 mo and then
periodically during therapy.
Ketoconazole antifungals Inspect involved areas of
(topical)/ imidazoles skin and mucous
Extina, Nizoral, membranes before and
Nizoral A- frequently during therapy.
D, Xolegel
Ketoprofen/ Actron, antipyretics Assess pain and range of
Orudis, Orudis KT, antirheumatics motion prior to and 1 hr
Oruvail nonopioid following administration.
analgesics Monitor temperature; note
nonsteroidal anti signs associated with fever.
inflammatory Evaluate BUN, serum
agents creatinine, CBC, and liver
nonopioid function tests periodically in
Rev. 08/21/08
Constipation
Dizziness, headache,
drowsiness, sensory
disturbances, extrapyramidal
effects, Pupil dilation, red
eyes, visual accommodation
disorders, hepatictoxicity,
gastrointestinal complaints,
allergic skin reactions, yellow
discoloration of skin, pellagroid
dermopathy, decreased
lymphocytes, decreased
platelets, weight loss, ataxia,
muscle weakness.
Emergence reactions, elevated
intracranial pressure, diplopia,
increased intraocular pressure,
nystagmus, laryngospasm,
respiratory depression and
apnea, hypertension,
tachycardia, arrhythmias,
bradycardia, hypotension,
excessive salivation, nausea,
vomiting, erythema, rash, pain
at injection site, increased
skeletal muscle tone.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
photophobia, druginduced
hepatitis, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, constipation,
diarrhea, flatulence,
azoospermia, decreased male
libido, menstrual irregularities,
oligospermia, rashes,
gynecomastia.
Burning, itching, local
hypersensitivity reactions,
redness, stinging, increased
hair loss.
Drowsiness, headache, drug-
induced hepatitis, GI bleeding,
constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome, toxic
epidermal necrolysis, allergic
reactions including
123
 analgesics patients receiving prolonged
therapy.
Ketorolac/ Toradol nonsteroidal anti Assess pain (note type,
inflammatory location, and intensity) prior
agents to and 1–2 hr following
nonopioid administration. Evaluate
analgesics liver function tests,
pyrroziline especially AST and ALT,
carboxylic acid periodically in patients
receiving prolonged therapy.
Kunecatechins/ catechins Assess genital and perianal
Veregen area prior to and periodically
during therapy.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Labetalol/ Trandate antianginals Monitor blood pressure and
antihypertensives pulse; orthostatic
beta blockers hypotension; intake and
output ratios and daily
weight frequently during
dose adjustment and
periodically during therapy.
Patients receiving labetalol
IV must be supine during
and for 3 hr after
administration. Vital signs
should be monitored every
5–15 min during and for
several hours after
administration.
Lacosamide/ Vimpat anticonvulsants Assess location, duration,
and characteristics of
seizure activity. Monitor
closely for notable changes
in behavior that could
indicate the emergence or
worsening of suicidal
thoughts or behavior or
depression. Assess ECG
prior to therapy in patients
with pre-existing cardiac
disease.
Lactulose/Cephulac Osmotic; laxative Assess patient for abdominal
distention, presence of
Rev. 08/21/08
anaphylaxis.
Drowsiness, abnormal
thinking, dizziness, euphoria,
headache, asthma, dyspnea,
edema, pallor, vasodilation, GI
bleeding, abnormal taste,
diarrhea, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, GI pain, nausea,
oliguria, renal toxicity, urinary
frequency, exfoliative
dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis, pruritus, purpura,
sweating, urticaria, prolonged
bleeding time, injection site
pain, paresthesia, allergic
reactions including,
anaphylaxis.
Phimosis, burning, edema,
erosion, erythema, itching.
Common Side Effects
Fatigue, weakness, anxiety,
depression, dizziness,
drowsiness, insomnia, memory
loss, mental status changes,
nightmares, blurred vision, dry
eyes, nasal stuffiness,
bronchospasm, wheezing,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
CHF, pulmonary edema,
orthostatic hypotension,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
erectile dysfunction, decreased
libido, itching, rashes,
hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia,
arthralgia, back pain, muscle
cramps, paresthesia, drug-
induced lupus syndrome.
Dizziness, headache, syncope,
vertigo, diplopia, PR interval
prolongation, nausea,
vomiting, ataxia, multiorgan
hypersensitivity reactions
Belching, cramps, distention,
flatulence, hyperglycemia
124
 bowel sounds, and normal
pattern of bowel function;
color, consistency, and
amount of stool produced
Lamotrigine/ Lamictal anticonvulsants Monitor for hypersensitivity
reactions, and skin rash
frequently during therapy.
Assess location, duration,
and characteristics of
seizure activity. Assess
mood, ideation, and
behaviors frequently.
Lamotrigine plasma
concentrations may be
monitored periodically
during therapy, especially in
patients concurrently taking
other anticonvulsants.
Lamivudine/ Epivir, antiretrovirals Assess patient for change in
Epivir antivirals severity of symptoms of HIV
HBV, 3TC nucleoside reverse infection and for symptoms
transcriptase of opportunistic infection;
inhibitors peripheral neuropathy;
hepatitis; and signs of
pancreatitis periodically
during therapy. Monitor
serum amylase, lipase,
triglycerides, liver function,
viral load and CD4 levels
before and periodically
during therapy.
Lanreotide/ hormones Assess for GI side effects
Somatuline somatostatin (diarrhea, abdominal pain,
Depot analogues nausea, gas, constipation);
usually decrease with
continued treatment.
Lansoprazole/ antiulcer agents Assess patient routinely for
Prevacid proton pump epigastric or abdominal pain
inhibitors and for frank or occult blood
in stool, emesis, or gastric
aspirate. Monitor INR and
prothrombin time in patients
taking warfarin.
Lanthanum hypophosphatemics Assess patient for nausea
carbonate/ phosphate binders and vomiting during
Fosrenol therapy. Monitor serum
phosphate levels prior to
and periodically during
therapy.
Lapatinib/ Tykerb antineoplastics Evaluate left ventricular
enzyme inhibitors ejection fraction (LVEF)
kinase inhibitors prior to therapy to
determine if within
institution's normal limits.
Monitor ECG and respiratory
status for symptoms of
interstitial lung disease and
pneumonitis prior to and
Rev. 08/21/08
(diabetic patients).
Ataxia, dizziness, headache,
behavior changes, depression,
drowsiness, insomnia, tremor,
blurred vision, double vision,
rhinitis, nausea, vomiting,
vaginitis, photosensitivity, rash
(higher incidence in children,
patients taking VPA, high
initial doses, or rapid dose
increases), arthralgia, allergic
or hypersensitivity reactions
including Stevens-Johnson
syndrome.
Seizures, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, malaise, depression,
dizziness, cough,
hepatomegaly with steatosis,
pancreatitis, anorexia,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
musculoskeletal pain,
arthralgia, muscle weakness,
myalgia, rhabdomyolysis,
neuropathy, hypersensitivity
reactions including anaphylaxis
and Stevens-Johnson
syndrome.
Bradycardia, hypertension,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
gallstones, hyperglycemia,
hypoglycemia, anemia,
injection site reactions.
Dizziness, headache, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, nausea, rash.
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
Fatigue, insomnia, dyspnea,
interstitial lung disease,
pneumonitis, ↓ left ventricular
ejection fraction,
hepatotoxicity, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, ↑
liver enzymes, stomatitis,
palmar-plantar
erythrodysesthesia, rash, dry
125
 periodically during therapy.
Monitor liver function tests
prior to initiation and every
4–6 wks during therapy and
as clinically indicated.
Monitor serum potassium
and magnesium prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Laronidase/Aldurazym replacement Assess vital signs;
e enzyme anaphylaxis; and infusion-
enzymes related reaction during
therapy.
Leflunomide/ Arava antirheumatics Assess range of motion and
(DMARDs) degree of swelling and pain
immune response in affected joints before and
modifiers periodically during therapy.
Monitor liver function
throughout therapy. Assess
ALT at baseline, then
monthly during initial 6 mo
of therapy, then every 6–8
wks. Monitor CBC with
platelets monthly for 6 mo
following initiation of
therapy and every 6–8 wks
thereafter.
Lemon verbena/ antianxiety agents Assess patient for epigastric
Aloysia gastroinestinal anti or abdominal pain, frank or
Triphylla, herb Louisa, inflammatories occult blood in the stool that
louisa sedative/hypnotics may be indicative of an
ulcer. Assess degree and
manifestations of anxiety
and response and quantity
of herb consumed.
Lenalidomide/ antianemics Assess pregnancy status
Revlimid immune response prior to therapy. Effective
modifiers contraception must be used
for at least 4 wk prior to
initiating therapy, during
therapy, during dose
interruptions, and for 4 wk
following discontinuation of
therapy, even with a history
of infertility unless due to a
hysterectomy or patient has
been postmenopausal
naturally for 24 consecutive
months. Assess for signs of
deep venous thrombosis and
pulmonary edema; and skin
rash periodically during
therapy. Monitor CBC with
differential, platelet count,
hemoglobin and hematocrit
weekly for first 8 wk of
therapy and at least
monthly thereafter.
Rev. 08/21/08
skin, neutropenia, back pain,
extremity pain.
Respiratory tract infections,
rash, injection site reactions,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, infusion related
reactions.
Headache, dizziness,
weakness, bronchitis,
increased cough, pharyngitis,
pneumonia, respiratory
infection, rhinitis, sinusitis,
chest pain, hypertension,
diarrhea, nausea, alopecia,
rash, dry skin, eczema,
pruritus, hypokalemia, weight
loss, arthralgia, back pain,
joint disorder, allergic
reactions, flu syndrome,
infections including sepsis,
pain.
Contact dermatitis, kidney
irritation from volatile oil
excretion.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, depression, cough,
pharyngitis, pulmonary
embolism, edema, chest pain,
deep vein thrombosis,
palpitations, abdominal pain,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, abnormal taste,
anorexia, dry mouth, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome, pruritus,
rash, dry skin, sweating,
hypothyroidism, hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, arthralgia,
myalgia, fever, chills.
126
Lepirudin (rDNA)/ anticoagulants Assess patient for signs of
Refludan thrombin inhibitors bleeding and hemorrhage,
and hypersensitivity
reactions during therapy.
Letrozole/ Femara antineoplastics Assess patient for pain and
aromatase other side effects
inhibitors periodically throughout
therapy.
Leucovorin calcium/ Antidotes (for Assess patient for nausea
citrovorum factor, methotrexate) and vomiting; and
folinic vitamins development of allergic
acid, Wellcovorin folic acid analogues reactions during therapy.
Assess degree of weakness
and fatigue. Monitor serum
methotrexate levels to
determine dosage and
effectiveness of therapy.
Leucovorin calcium levels
should be equal to or
greater than methotrexate
level.
Leuprolide/ Eligard, antineoplastics Assess patient for an
Lupron, Lupron Depot, hormones increase in bone pain,
Lupron Depot-PED, gonadotropin especially during the first
Lupron Depot-3 Month releasing hormones few weeks of therapy.
Monitor patients with
vertebral metastases for
increased back pain and
decreased sensory/motor
function; intake and output
ratios; bladder distention;
severity of symptoms;
endometrial pain prior to
and periodically during
therapy. Assess patient for
signs of precocious puberty
periodically during therapy.
Monitor testosterone,
prostatic acid phosphate,
and prostate-specific
antigen (PSA) levels to
evaluate response to
therapy.
Levalbuterol/ bronchodilators Assess lung sounds, pulse,
Xopenex, Xopenex adrenergics and blood pressure;
HFA pulmonary function tests;
and paradoxical
bronchospasm before
initiating therapy and
periodically throughout.
Levamisole/ Ergamisol antineoplastics Assess mucous membranes,
immune response number and consistency of
modifiers stools, and frequency of
vomiting. Assess for signs of
infection; bleeding; and
central nervous system
toxicity during therapy.
Hematologic functions
Rev. 08/21/08
Bleeding, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Nausea, weight gain,
musculoskeletal pain,
arthralgia, fractures.
Thrombocytosis, allergic
reactions
Dizziness, headache, syncope,
depot—hair growth, rash,
Subcut—dry skin, hair loss,
pigmentation, skin cancer, skin
lesions, breast swelling, breast
tenderness, diabetes,
hypercalcemia, lower
extremity edema, burning,
itching, swelling at injection
site, depot—hyperuricemia,
increased bone density,
fibromyalgia, transient
increase in bone pain (prostate
cancer only), Subcut—
ankylosing spondylitis, joint
pain, pelvic fibrosis, temporal
bone pain, Subcut—peripheral
neuropathy, hot flashes, chills,
decreased libido, fever, depot
—body odor, epistaxis.
Anxiety, dizziness, headache,
nervousness, increased cough,
paradoxical bronchospasm,
turbinate edema, tachycardia,
dyspepsia, vomiting,
hyperglycemia, hypokalemia,
tremor.
Fatigue, anxiety, central
nervous system toxicity,
depression, depression,
dizziness, drowsiness,
conjunctivitis, diarrhea,
metallic taste, nausea,
stomatitis, vomiting,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
127
 should be monitored prior to
and throughout therapy.
CBC with differential and
platelets, electrolytes, and
liver function tests should
be performed on the 1st day
of therapy.
Levetiracetam/ anticonvulsants Assess location, duration,
Keppra pyrrolidines and characteristics of
seizure activity; somnolence
and fatigue (asthenia),
coordination difficulties
(ataxia, abnormal gait, or
incoordination), and
behavioral abnormalities
throughout therapy.
Levocetirizine/ Xyzal antihistamines Assess allergy symptoms;
piperazines lung sounds and character
of bronchial secretions
before and periodically
during therapy.
Levodopa/ Dopar, antiparkinson Assess parkinsonian
Larodopa, l-dopa agents symptoms, blood pressure
dopamine agonists and pulse frequently during
therapy. Monitor hepatic
and renal function and CBC
periodically in patients on
long-term therapy.
Levofloxacin/ anti-infectives Assess patient for infection
Levaquin fluoroquinolones (vital signs; appearance of
wound, sputum, urine, and
stool; WBC; urinalysis;
frequency and urgency of
urination; cloudy or foul-
smelling urine);
anaphylaxis; and bowel
function at beginning of and
during therapy.
Levoleucovorin Antidotes (for Assess patient for nausea
calcium/ methotrexate) and vomiting; development
Fusilev vitamins of allergic reactions during
folic acid analogues therapy. Monitor serum
methotrexate and creatinine
at least once daily levels to
determine dosage and
effectiveness of therapy.
Levonorgestrel/ Plan B contraceptive Assess blood pressure and
hormones skin lesion before and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor hepatic function
periodically during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
dyspepsia, flatulence, alopecia,
dermatitis, pruritus, skin
discoloration, agranulocytosis,
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, arthralgia,
myalgia, ataxia, paresthesia,
chills, fever.
Dizziness, fatigue/somnolence,
weakness, behavioral
abnormalities, coordination
difficulties.
Drowsiness, fatigue,
weakness, dry mouth.
Involuntary movements,
anxiety, dizziness,
hallucinations, memory loss,
psychiatric problems, blurred
vision, mydriasis, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, dry mouth,
hepatotoxicity, melanoma,
hemolytic anemia, leucopenia,
darkening of urine or sweat.
Seizures, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache,
insomnia, agitation, confusion,
QTc prolongation, arrhythmias,
hepatotoxicity,
pseudomembranous colitis,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, vaginitis,
photosensitivity, rash,
hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia,
phlebitis at IV site, peripheral
neuropathy, arthralgia,
tendinitis, tendon rupture,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Confusion, dyspnea, nausea,
stomatitis, vomiting, altered
taste, diarrhea, dyspepsia,
dermatitis, abnormal renal
function, neuropathy, allergic
reactions.
Cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral
thrombosis, coronary
thrombosis, pulmonary
embolism, melasma, rash,
bone loss, weight change.
128
Levorphanol/ Levo- opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
Dromoran, Levorphan opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
90–120 min following PO,
60–90 min following subcut,
and 20 min (peak) following
IV administration. Assess
blood pressure, pulse, and
respirations; and bowel
function before and
periodically during therapy.
Levothyroxine/ thyroid Assess apical pulse and
Synthroid preparations, blood pressure prior to
hormones therapy; tachyarrhythmias
and chest pain.
Lidocaine/ LidoPen, anesthetics topical Monitor ECG continuously
Xylocaine, Anestacon, local and blood pressure and
Xylocaine Viscous, antiarrhythmics respiratory status frequently
Lidoderm, L-M-X 4, L- (class IB) during administration.
M- Assess degree of numbness
X 5, Solarcaine Aloe of affected part. Serum
Extra Burn Relief, electrolyte levels should be
Zilactin-L monitored periodically
during prolonged therapy.
Lidocaine/prilocaine// anesthetics topical Assess application site for
EMLA local open wounds. Apply only to
intact skin. Assess
application site for
anesthesia following
removal of system and prior
to procedure.
Lindane/ gamma pediculocides Assess skin and hair for
benzene scabicide signs of infestation before
hexachloride, G-Well, and after treatment.
Scabene Examine family members
and close contacts for
infestation. When used in
treatment of pediculosis
pubis or scabies, sexual
partners should receive
concurrent prophylactic
therapy.
Linezolid/ Zyvox anti-infectives Assess for infection (vital
oxazolidinones signs; appearance of
wound, sputum, urine, and
stool; WBC); visual
function; and bowel function
at beginning of and during
Rev. 08/21/08
Confusion, sedation,
dysphoria, euphoria, dizziness,
floating feeling, hallucinations,
headache, unusual dreams,
blurred vision, diplopia, miosis,
respiratory depression,
hypotension, bradycardia,
constipation, dry mouth,
nausea, vomiting, urinary
retention, flushing, sweating,
pruritis, physical dependence,
psychological dependence,
tolerance.
Insomnia, irritability,
headache, arrhythmias,
tachycardia, angina pectori,
abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
vomiting hyperhidrosis,
hyperthyroidism, menstrual
irregularities. weight loss, heat
intolerance
Seizures, confusion,
drowsiness, blurred vision,
dizziness, nervousness, slurred
speech, tremor, mucosal use—
decreased or absent gag
reflex, cardiac arrest,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
heart block, hypotension,
nausea, vomiting,
bronchospasm, stinging,
burning, contact dermatitis,
erythema, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Blanching, redness, alteration
in temperature sensation,
edema, itching, rash, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Seizures, headache,
tachycardia, nausea, vomiting,
contact dermatitis (repeated
application), local irritation.
Headache, insomnia,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, increased liver
function tests, nausea, taste
alteration, vomiting, lactic
acidosis, thrombocytopenia,
129
 therapy. Monitor CBC and
platelet count weekly,
especially in patients at risk
for increased bleeding,
having pre-existing bone
marrow suppression,
receiving concurrent
medications that may cause
myelosuppression, or
requiring >2 weeks of
therapy.
Liothyronine/ hormones Assess apical pulse and
Cytomel, l- thyroid blood pressure;
triiodothyronine, T3, preparations tachyarrhythmias and chest
Triostat pain; height, weight, and
psychomotor development
prior to and periodically
during therapy. Monitor
thyroid function studies
prior to and during therapy.
Monitor blood and urine
glucose in diabetic patients.
Liotrix/ T3/T4, Thyrolar hormones Assess apical pulse and
thyroid blood pressure prior to and
preparations periodically during therapy.
Assess for tachyarrhythmias
and chest pain. Monitor
thyroid function studies
prior to and during therapy.
Monitor blood and urine
glucose in diabetic patients.
Lisdexamfetamine/ central nervous Assess child's attention
Vyvanse system stimulants span, impulse control, and
sympathomimetics interactions with others.
Monitor blood pressure,
pulse, and respiration;
growth, both height and
weight; behavior change;
dependence and abuse
before administering and
periodically during therapy.
Lisinopril/ Prinivil, antihypertensives Monitor BP, pulse, and signs
Zestril ace inhibitors of angioedema. Monitor
weight and assess patient
routinely for resolution of
fluid overload. Monitor renal
function.
Lithium/Eskalith, mood stabilizers Assess mental status; manic
Lithobid symptoms; intake and
output ratios; and weight
should also be monitored at
least every 3 mo at baseline
and periodically through
treatment. Evaluate renal
and thyroid function, WBC
with differential, serum
Rev. 08/21/08
optic neuropathy, peripheral
neuropathy.
Insomnia, irritability,
headache, arrhythmias,
tachycardia, angina pectoris,
abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
vomiting, hyperhidrosis,
hyperthyroidism, menstrual
irregularities, weight loss, heat
intolerance, accelerated bone
maturation in children.
Insomnia, irritability,
headache, arrhythmias,
tachycardia, angina pectoris,
abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
vomiting, hyperhidrosis,
hyperthyroidism, menstrual
irregularities, weight loss, heat
intolerance, accelerated bone
maturation in children.
Behavioral disturbances,
dizziness, hallucinations,
insomnia, irritability, mania,
psychomotor hyperactivity,
thought disorder, tics, blurred
vision, poor accommodation,
abdominal pain, ↓ appetite, dry
mouth, nausea, vomiting,
rash, ↓ weight, long-term
growth suppression.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
weakness, cough,
hypotension, chest pain,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, erectile
dysfunction, impaired renal
function, rashes,
hyperkalemia, angioedema.
Seizures, fatigue, headache,
impaired memory,
arrhythmias, ECG changes,
edema, hypotension,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
bloating, diarrhea, nausea, dry
mouth, metallic taste,
polyuria, acneiform eruption,
folliculitis, hypothyroidism,
130
 electrolytes, and glucose
periodically during therapy.
Lomustine/ CCNU, antineoplastics Monitor for bone marrow
CeeNu alkylating agents depression; bleeding;
nausea and vomiting; and
pulmonary function tests
prior to initiation of therapy
and periodically during
therapy. Monitor CBC and
differential; liver function
studies (AST, ALT, LDH,
bilirubin) and renal function
studies (BUN, creatinine)
prior to and periodically
during therapy.
Loperamide/Diar-aid antidiarrheals Assess frequency and
Caplets, Imodium, consistency of stools and
Imodium A-D, bowel sounds prior to and
Kaopectate II Caplets, during therapy. Assess fluid
Maalox Antidiarrheal and electrolyte balance and
Caplets, Neo-Diaral, skin turgor for dehydration.
Pepto Diarrhea
Control
Lopinavir/ritonavir// antiretrovirals Assess for signs of
Kaletra protease inhibitors pancreatitis; change in
metabolic inhibitors severity of HIV symptoms
and for symptoms of
opportunistic infections
during therapy. Monitor
triglyceride and cholesterol
levels; and viral load and
CD4 counts regularly during
therapy.
Loracarbef/ Lorabid anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
second generation anaphylaxis; obtain a
cephalosporins history to determine
previous use of and
reactions to penicillins or
cephalosporins at beginning
of and throughout therapy.
Loratadine antihistamines Assess allergy symptoms,
lung sounds and character
of bronchial secretions
during therapy.
Lorazepam/Ativan Benzodiazepines; Assess degree and
analgesic adjuncts, manifestations of anxiety &
antianxiety agents, mental status prior to &
sedative, hypnotics periodically throughout
therapy.
Losartan/ Cozaar antihypertensives Assess blood pressure
angiotensin ii (lying, sitting, standing) and
receptor pulse; and signs of
antagonists angioedema frequently
Rev. 08/21/08
leukocytosis, weight gain,
muscle weakness, rigidity,
tremors.
Ataxia, disorientation,
dysarthria, lethargy, fibrosis,
pulmonary infiltrates, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia,
hepatotoxicity, stomatitis,
azotemia, renal failure,
alopecia, infertility,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, hyperuricemia,
secondary malignancy (long-
term use).
Drowsiness, dizziness,
constipation, abdominal
pain/distention/discomfort, dry
mouth, nausea, vomiting,
allergic reactions.
Headache, insomnia,
weakness, diarrhea(↑ in
children), abdominal pain,
nausea, pancreatitis, taste
aversion (in children),
vomiting(↑ in children), rash.
Seizures, pseudomembranous
colitis, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
rashes, urticaria, vaginal
moniliasis, vaginitis,
eosinophilia, hemolytic
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, superinfection.
Confusion, drowsiness (rare),
paradoxical excitation, blurred
vision, dry mouth, GI upset,
photosensitivity, rash, weight
gain.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
lethargy, apnea, cardiac
arrest, constipation, nausea,
vomiting, confusion, mental
depression
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, weakness, chest
pain, edema, hypotension,
nasal congestion,
131
 during initial dosage
adjustment and periodically
during therapy. Monitor
renal function.
Lovage/ Angelica diuretics Assess fluid intake, urine
Levisticum, output and pedal edema.
Hipposelecnum Monitor serum electrolytes,
levisticum, lavose, BUN and creatinine
Levisticum officinale, periodically throughout
maggi plant, smellage therapy.
Lovastatin/ Mevacor lipid-lowering Obtain a diet history,
agents especially with regard to fat
hmg coa reductase consumption. Evaluate
inhibitors serum cholesterol and
statin triglyceride levels before
initiating, after 4–6 wk of
therapy, and periodically
thereafter. Monitor liver
function tests, including
AST, before, 12 wk after
initiation of therapy or after
dose elevation, and then
every 6 mo. If patient
develops muscle tenderness
during therapy, CPK levels
should be monitored.
Loxapine/ Loxitane, antipsychotics Monitor patient's mental
Loxitane C, Loxitane status; positive (delusions,
IM hallucinations, agitation)
and negative (social
withdrawal) symptoms of
schizophrenia; weight and
BMI; blood pressure (sitting,
standing, lying) and pulse;
onset of akathisia;
extrapyramidal side effects;
tardive dyskinesia;
frequency and consistency
of bowel movements; and
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome before
and periodically during
therapy. Monitor CBC and
differential before and
periodically throughout
therapy. Monitor liver
function studies and urine
bilirubin and bile
concentrations if patient
develops jaundice.
Lubiprostone/ Amitiza laxatives Assess for abdominal
chloride channel distention, presence of
activators bowel sounds, and usual
bowel patterns prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Assess color, consistency,
Rev. 08/21/08
hypoglycemia, weight gain,
diarrhea, abdominal pain,
dyspepsia, nausea, impaired
renal function, hyperkalemia,
back pain, myalgia,
angioedema, fever.
Phototoxic dermatitis.
Dizziness, headache, insomnia,
weakness, blurred vision,
abdominal cramps,
constipation, diarrhea, flatus,
heartburn, altered taste, drug-
induced hepatitis, dyspepsia,
elevated liver enzymes,
nausea, pancreatitis, erectile
dysfunction, rashes, pruritus,
rhabdomyolysis, arthralgia,
myalgia, myositis,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, confusion,
dizziness, drowsiness,
extrapyramidal reactions,
headache, insomnia, syncope,
tardive dyskinesia, weakness,
blurred vision, lens opacities,
nasal congestion, orthostatic
hypotension, tachycardia,
constipation, drug-induced
hepatitis, dry mouth, ileus,
nausea, vomiting, urinary
retention, dermatitis, edema,
facial photosensitivity, pigment
changes, rashes, seborrhea,
galactorrhea, agranulocytosis,
ataxia, allergic reactions.
Dizziness, headache,
peripheral edema, dyspnea,
diarrhea, nausea, abdominal
pain, abdominal distention,
dyspepsia, dry mouth, reflux,
arthralgia.
132
 and amount of stool
produced.
Lymphocyte immune immunosuppressan Assess patient for Headache, dyspnea, chest
globulin/ ATG, ts hypersensitivity reaction pain, hypotension, diarrhea,
antilymphocyte immune globulins and vital signs frequently nausea, stomatitis, vomiting,
globulin, throughout therapy. Monitor dermatologic reactions,
Atgam, LIG CBC and platelets erythema, itching, leukopenia,
throughout therapy. thrombocytopenia, anemia,
hemolysis, pain/phlebitis at IV
site, arthralgia, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, chills, fever,
serum sickness–like reactions,
clotted AV fistula, night
sweats.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be Common Side Effects
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration

Magnesium mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and diarrhea

chloride/Mag Delay, replacements symptoms of
Mag-SR, Slo-Mag supplements hypomagnesemia
Assess serum magnesium
level and renal function
before administering
Magnesium gluconate/ mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and diarrhea
Almoate, Magtrate, replacements symptoms of
Magonate supplements hypomagnesemia
Assess serum magnesium
level and renal function
before administering
Magnesium antiulcer agents Assess for heartburn and aluminum salts— constipation;
hydroxide/ antacids indigestion as well as magnesium salts—diarrhea;
Aluminum hydroxide/ location, duration, magnesium salts—
Alamag, Maalox, character, and precipitating hypermagnesemia; aluminum
Mylanta Ultimate, factors of gastric pain. salts—hypophosphatemia.
Rulox Monitor serum phosphate,
potassium, and calcium
levels periodically during
chronic use.
Magnesium mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and diarrhea
oxide/Mag-Ox 400, replacements symptoms of
Uro-Mag supplements hypomagnesemia
Assess serum magnesium
level and renal function
before administering
Magnesium salicylate antipyretics Assess pain and limitation of Allergic reactions including
non-opioid movement; note type, anaphylaxis and laryngeal
analgesics location, and intensity edema, GI bleeding,
before and at the peak after dyspepsia, epigastric distress
administration.
Assess fever and note
associated signs
(diaphoresis, tachycardia,
malaise, chills)
Malathion pediculocides Assess scalp for presence of
lice and their ova (nits) prior

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Rev. 08/21/08
 to and 1 wk after application

Mannitol diuretics Monitor vital signs, urine Transient volume expansion

output, CVP, and pulmonary
artery pressures (PAP)
before and hourly
throughout administration.
Assess patient for signs and
symptoms of dehydration or
signs of fluid overload.
Assess patient for anorexia,
muscle weakness,
numbness, tingling,
paresthesia, confusion, and
excessive thirst. Monitor
neurologic status and
intracranial pressure,
persistent or increased eye
pain or decreased visual
acuity
Maraviroc anti-retrovirals Assess patient for change in Allergic reactions,
severity of HIV symptoms hepatotoxicity, abdominal
and for symptoms of pain, dizziness, cough, upper
opportunistic infections respiratory tract infection,
throughout therapy fever.
Assess for signs of hepatitis
or allergic reaction (pruritic
rash, jaundice, dark urine,
and vomiting, abdominal
pain). If symptoms occur,
discontinue maraviroc
immediately
Mebendazole Anti-helmintics Pinworm: Perianal Seizures (rare)
examinations should be
performed to detect the
presence of adult worms in
the perianal area, and
cellophane tape swabs of
the perianal area should be
taken before and starting 1
wk after treatment to detect
the presence of ova. Swabs
should be taken each
morning before defecation
or bathing for at least 3
days. Patients are not
considered cured unless
perianal swabs have been
negative for 7 days
Roundworm: Stool
examinations should be
monitored before and 1–3
wk after treatment
Mecasermin hormones Assess tonsils for Hypoglycemia, seizures,
hypertrophy periodically tonsillar hypertrophy.
during therapy. To assess
for intracranial
hypertension, fundoscopic

134
Rev. 08/21/08
 examinations are
recommended prior to and
periodically during therapy.
May cause headache with
nausea and vomiting,
allergic reactions (rash,
difficulty breathing),
thickening of soft tissues of
the face
Mechlorethamine/ antineoplastics Monitor blood pressure, Seizures, drowsiness,
Mustargen, nitrogen alkylating agents pulse, and respiratory rate; headache, vertigo, weakness,
mustard injection site; intake and nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
output, appetite, and diarrhea, infertility, rashes,
nutritional intake; nausea alopecia, leucopenia,
and vomiting; bone marrow thrombocytopenia, anemia,
depression; bleeding; and tissue necrosis, phlebitis at IV
symptoms of gout during site, hyperuricemia,
therapy. Monitor CBC and reactivation of herpes zoster.
differential; liver function
studies (AST, ALT, LDH,
bilirubin); renal function
studies (BUN, creatinine);
and uric acid concentrations
before and periodically
during therapy.
Meclizine antiemetics Assess patient for level of Drowsiness
antihistamines sedation, nausea and
vomiting before and 60 min
after administration
Assess degree of vertigo
periodically in patients
receiving meclizine for
labyrinthitis
Meclofenamate anti-rheumatics Monitor for rhinitis, asthma, GI bleeding, drug-induced
non-opioid and urticaria hepatitis, allergic reactions
analgesics Arthritis: Assess pain and including anaphylaxis and
range of movement before stevens-johnson syndrome,
and periodically during dizziness, headache, diarrhea,
therapy dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting
Pain: Assess location,
duration, and intensity of
pain before and 1 hr after
administration
Medroxyprogesterone contraceptive Assess blood pressure, depression, migraine
(Depo-Provera, Depo- hormones acne before and headache, contact lens
subQ Provera 104) periodically during intolerance, optic neuritis,
therapy. Monitor hepatic retinal thrombosis, cerebral
function periodically hemorrhage, cerebral
during therapy. Estrogens thrombosis, coronary
only—May cause ↑ serum thrombosis, pulmonary
glucose, sodium, embolism, edema,
triglyceride, VHDL, total hypertension, Raynaud's
cholesterol, prothrombin, phenomenon, thromboembolic
and factors VII, VIII, IX, phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
and X levels. May cause ↓ abdominal cramps, bloating,
LDL and antithrombin III cholestatic jaundice,
Levels. gallbladder disease, liver
tumors, nausea, vomiting,

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Rev. 08/21/08
 amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
spotting, melasma, rash,
hyperglycemia, weight change.
Megestrol anti-neoplastics Assess patient for swelling, Thromboembolism,
hormones pain, or tenderness in legs. asymptomatic adrenal
Report these signs of deep suppression (chronic therapy).
vein thrombophlebitis
Anorexia: Monitor weight,
appetite, and nutritional
intake in patients with AIDS
Meloxicam non-steroidal anti Patients who have asthma, GI bleeding, exfoliative
inflammatory aspirin-induced allergy, and dermatitis, stevens-johnson
agents nasal polyps are at syndrome, toxic epidermal
increased risk for developing necrolysis
hypersensitivity reactions.
Assess for rhinitis, asthma,
and urticaria
Assess pain and range of
motion prior to and 1–2 hr
following administration
Melphalan/Alkeran, L- antineoplastics Assess for signs of infection; Bronchopulmonary dysplasia,
PAM, phenylalanine alkylating agents bleeding; nausea and pulmonary fibrosis, diarrhea,
mustard vomiting; symptoms of hepatitis, nausea, stomatitis,
gout; fatigue and dyspnea; vomiting, infertility, alopecia,
and allergy to chlorambucil. pruritus, rashes, menstrual
Monitor CBC and differential irregularities, leukopenia,
weekly during therapy. hyperuricemia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia.
Memantine anti-Alzheimer’s Assess cognitive function
agents (memory, attention,
reasoning, language, ability
to perform simple tasks)
periodically during therapy
Meningococcal vaccines/immunizin Review patient's Pain at injection site
polysaccharide g agents immunization history for
diphtheria toxoid contraindications and
conjugate vaccine history of sensitivity to
vaccine, a similar vaccine,
or latex. Stopper of vial
contains dry natural latex,
which may cause allergic
reactions in latex-sensitive
patients
Menotropins hormones Female Infertility : Thromboembolism, abdominal
Gynecologic and endocrine pain, bloating, pelvic pain
examinations to determine
the cause of infertility
should be completed before
therapy.
Male Infertility:
Urologic and endocrine
examinations to determine
the cause of infertility
should be completed before
therapy
Meperidine opioid analgesics Monitor patients on chronic Seizures, confusion, sedation,
or high-dose therapy for hypotension, constipation,

136
Rev. 08/21/08
 CNS stimulation nausea, vomiting
(restlessness, irritability,
seizures) due to
accumulation of
normeperidine metabolite.
Risk of toxicity increases
with doses >600 mg/24 hr,
chronic administration (>2
days), and renal
impairment.
Meprobamate anti-anxiety agents Assess degree and Drowsiness, ataxia
sedative/hypnotics manifestations of anxiety
before and periodically
throughout therapy
Monitor blood pressure and
pulse rate before and during
initial therapy
Prolonged high-dose therapy
may lead to psychological or
physical dependence.
Restrict amount of drug
available to patient
Geri: Assess fall risk and
institute fall prevention
strategies.
Mercaptopurine anti-neoplastics Monitor hepatic function Hepatotoxicity, anemia,
(AST, ALT, alkaline leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
phosphatase, LDH, and
bilirubin) weekly during
therapy
Meropenem anti-infectives Observe patient for signs Seizures, apnea,
and symptoms of pseudomembranous colitis,
anaphylaxis (rash, pruritus, allergic reactions including
laryngeal edema, anaphylaxis, diarrhea, nausea,
wheezing). Discontinue the vomiting
drug and notify physician
immediately if these
symptoms occur. Have
epinephrine, an
antihistamine, and
resuscitative equipment
close by in the event of an
anaphylactic reaction
Mesalamine gastrointestinal Monitor intake and output Anaphylaxis, headache
anti-inflammatories ratios. Fluid intake should
be sufficient to maintain a
urine output of at least
1200–1500 mL daily to
prevent crystalluria and
stone formation. Assess
abdominal pain and
frequency, quantity, and
consistency of stools at the
beginning of and during
therapy
Mesna antidotes Monitor for development of
hemorrhagic cystitis in
patients receiving ifosfamide

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Mestranol/norethindro contraceptive Assess blood pressure,
ne hormones acne before and
(Necon 1/50, Norethin periodically during
1/50M, Norinyl 1+50, therapy. Monitor hepatic
Ortho-Novum 1/50) function periodically
during therapy. Estrogens
only—May cause ↑ serum
glucose, sodium,
triglyceride, VHDL, total
cholesterol, prothrombin,
and factors VII, VIII, IX,
and X levels. May cause ↓
LDL and antithrombin III
Levels.
Metaproterenol/ bronchodilators Assess lung sounds, pulse,
Alupent adrenergics and blood pressure;
pulmonary function tests;
and paradoxical
bronchospasm before
initiating therapy and
periodically throughout.
Observe patient for drug
tolerance and rebound
bronchospasm. Symptoms
of overdose include
persistent agitation, chest
pain or discomfort,
decreased blood pressure,
dizziness, hyperglycemia,
hypokalemia, seizures,
tachyarrhythmias, persistent
trembling, and vomiting.
Metaxalone skeletal muscle Assess patient for pain,
relaxants muscle stiffness, and range
(centrally acting) of motion before and
periodically during therapy
Geri: Assess geriatric
patients for anti-cholinergic
effects (sedation and
weakness)
Metformin/Glucophage Biguanides/ When combined with oral
antidiabetics sulfonylureas, observe for
signs and symptoms of
hypoglycemic reactions.
assess for ketoacidosis or
lactic acidosis.
Methadone opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
intensity of pain prior to and
1–2 hr (peak) following
administration.
Assess blood pressure,
pulse, and respirations
before and periodically
Rev. 08/21/08
depression, migraine
headache, contact lens
intolerance, optic neuritis,
retinal thrombosis, cerebral
hemorrhage, cerebral
thrombosis, coronary
thrombosis, pulmonary
embolism, edema,
hypertension, Raynaud's
phenomenon, thromboembolic
phenomena, thrombophlebitis,
abdominal cramps, bloating,
cholestatic jaundice,
gallbladder disease, liver
tumors, nausea, vomiting,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, dysmenorrhea,
spotting, melasma, rash,
hyperglycemia, weight change.
Nervousness, restlessness,
tremor, headache, insomnia,
paradoxical bronchospasm
(excessive use of inhalers),
angina, arrhythmias,
hypertension, tachycardia,
nausea, vomiting,
hyperglycemia.
Drowsiness, dizziness, nausea
abdominal bloating, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, unpleasant
metallic taste, hypoglycemia,
lactic acidosis, decreased
vitamin B12 levels
Confusion, sedation,
hypotension, constipation
138
 during administration.
Assess bowel function
routinely. Assess patient for
signs of opioid withdrawal
(irritability, runny nose and
eyes, abdominal cramps,
body aches, sweating, loss
of appetite, shivering,
unusually large pupils,
trouble sleeping, weakness,
yawning).
Methazolamide diuretics Assess for eye discomfort or Aplastic anemia, hemolytic
decrease in visual acuity, anemia, leucopenia,
signs of hypokalemia depression, tiredness,
(muscle weakness, malaise, weakness, anorexia, metallic
fatigue, ECG changes, taste, hyperchloremic acidosis,
vomiting) weight loss
Methimazole Anti-thyroid agents Monitor response for Agranulocytosis, rash
symptoms of
hyperthyroidism or
thyrotoxicosis, development
of hypothyroidism, skin rash
or swelling of cervical lymph
nodes.
Methocarbamol skeletal muscle Assess patient for pain, Seizures (IV, IM only), allergic
relaxants muscle stiffness, and range reactions including anaphylaxis
(centrally acting) of motion before and (IM, IV use only) , dizziness,
periodically throughout drowsiness, light-headedness,
therapy anorexia, GI upset, nausea
Monitor pulse and blood
pressure every 15 min
during parenteral
administration. Geri: Assess
geriatric patients for
anticholinergic effects
(sedation and weakness)
Assess patient for allergic
reactions (skin rash,
asthma, hives, wheezing,
hypotension) after
parenteral administration.
Keep epinephrine and
oxygen on hand in the event
of a reaction
Monitor IV site. Injection is
hypertonic and may cause
thrombophlebitis. Avoid
extravasation
Methohexital general anesthetics Assess blood pressure, ECG, Seizures, apnea,
heart rate, and respiratory laryngospasm,
status continuously cardiorespiratory arrest,
throughout methohexital shivering
therapy. Methohexital
should be used only by
individuals qualified to
administer anesthesia and
experienced in endotracheal
intubation. Apnea may occur

139
Rev. 08/21/08
 immediately after IV
injection, especially in the
presence of opioid
premedication
Monitor IV site carefully.
Extravasation may cause
pain, swelling, ulceration,
and necrosis. Intra-arterial
injection may cause
arteritis, vasospasm,
edema, thrombosis, and
gangrene of the extremity
Methotrexate anti-neoplastics Monitor vital signs, Pulmonary fibrosis, aplastic
anti-rheumatics abdominal pain, diarrhea, or anemia, arachnoiditis (IT use
(DMARDs) stomatitis; bone marrow only), anorexia,
immunosuppressan depression, bleeding. Apply hepatotoxicity, nausea,
ts pressure to venipuncture stomatitis, vomiting, anemia,
sites for 10 min. Assess for leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
signs of infection during nephropathy
neutropenia. Monitor for
increased fatigue, dyspnea,
and orthostatic hypotension,
intake and output ratios and
daily weights. Monitor for
symptoms of pulmonary
toxicity, symptoms of gout
(increased uric acid, joint
pain, edema). Encourage
patient to drink at least 2 L
of fluid each day. Assess
nutritional status. Assess for
development of nuchal
rigidity, headache, fever,
confusion, drowsiness,
dizziness, weakness, or
seizures,
pain and range of motion,
skin lesions prior to and
periodically during therapy
Methoxypolyethylene anti-anemics Monitor blood pressure, Seizures, cardiovascular and
glycol-epoetin beta signs of allergic reactions, thrombotic events, pure red
neurological status aplasia, allergic reactions
periodically during therapy, including anaphylaxis,
symptoms of anemia headaches, hypertension,
diarrhea
Methyl anti-neoplastics Assess lesions prior to and 3 Burning, contact sensitization,
aminolevulinate months after last treatment erythema, irritation, itching,
pain in area of application
Methyldopa/ Aldomet antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and Sedation, decreased mental
centrally acting pulse; intake and output acuity, depression, nasal
antiadrenergics ratios and weight and stuffiness, myocarditis,
assess for edema daily; bradycardia, edema,
depression or other orthostatic hypotension, drug-
alterations in mental status; induced hepatitis, diarrhea,
temperature during therapy. dry mouth, erectile
Monitor renal and hepatic dysfunction, eosinophilia,
function and CBC before and hemolytic anemia, fever.
periodically during therapy.

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Methylergonovine oxytocic Monitor blood pressure, Hypertension, nausea,
heart rate, and uterine vomiting, cramps
response, signs of ergotism
(cold, numb fingers and
toes, chest pain, nausea,
vomiting, headache, muscle
pain, weakness)
Methylnatrexone laxatives Assess bowel sounds and Abdominal pain, flatulence,
frequency, quantity, and nausea
consistency of stools; pain
intensity during therapy.
Methylphenidate central nervous Monitor blood pressure, Hyperactivity, insomnia,
system stimulants pulse, and respiration before restlessness, tremor,
administering and hypertension, palpitations,
periodically during therapy. tachycardia, anorexia
Pedi: Monitor growth, both
height and weight, attention
span, impulse control, and
interactions with others.
Methylprednisolone / anti inflammatories Assess patient for signs of depression, euphoria,
A-Methapred, steroidal adrenal insufficiency; intake hypertension, peptic
depMedalone, immunosuppressan and output ratios; daily ulceration, anorexia, nausea,
Depoject, Depo- ts weights; and signs of acne, decreased wound
Medrol, Depopred, corticosteroids anaphylaxis before and healing, ecchymoses, fragility,
Depo-Predate, periodically throughout hirsutism, petechiae, adrenal
Duralone, Medralone, therapy. Observe patient for suppression,
Medrol, Meprolone, peripheral edema, steady thromboembolism, muscle
Rep-Pred, Solu-Medrol weight gain, rales/crackles, wasting, osteoporosis,
or dyspnea. Children should cushingoid appearance,
have periodic evaluations of
growth. Guaiac test stools.
Promptly report presence of
guaiac-positive stools
Metoclopramide anti-emetics Assess patient for nausea, neuroleptic malignant
vomiting, abdominal syndrome, drowsiness,
distention, and bowel extrapyramidal reactions,
sounds before and after restlessness
administration
Assess patient for
extrapyramidal side effects,
tardive dyskinesia,
neuroleptic malignant
syndrome
Metocurine/ Metubine neuromuscular Assess respiratory status, Bronchospasm, hypotension
blocking agents Neuromuscular response, (increased with tubocurarine),
nondepolarizing ECG, heart rate, and blood allergic reactions including
pressure, residual muscle anaphylaxis.
weakness and respiratory
distress, infusion site
Metolazone anti-hypertensives Monitor blood pressure, Hypokalemia, hyperuricemia
diuretics intake and output, and daily
weight, feet, legs, and
sacral area for edema daily ,
anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
muscle cramps, paresthesia,
and confusion. Monitor
blood pressure before and
periodically during therapy

141
Rev. 08/21/08
Metoprolol/Lopressor Beta blocker, Monitor blood pressure,
antianginals, ECG, and pulse frequently
antihypertensive during dose adjustment and
periodically during therapy
Metronidazole anti-infectives Assess patient for infection
anti-protozoals (vital signs; appearance of
anti-ulcer agents wound, sputum, urine, and
stool; WBC), neurologic
status during and after IV
infusions, intake and output
and daily weight.
Mexiletine anti-arrhythmics Monitor pulse, blood
(class IB) pressure, and ECG
periodically throughout
therapy. Continuous Holter
monitoring and chest x-ray
examinations may be
necessary to determine
efficacy and aid in dosage
adjustment
Assess type, location, and
severity of pain prior to and
periodically throughout
therapy
Micafungin/ Mycamine antifungals Assess symptoms of
echinocandins esophageal candidiasis,
injection site reactions
(phlebitis, thrombophlebitis)
Miconazole (topical)/ antifungals Inspect involved areas of
Fungoid, Lotrimin AF, (topical) skin and mucous
Micatin, Monistat- membranes
Derm,
Zeasorb-AF
Miconazole (vaginal)/ antifungals Inspect involved areas of
Monistat-1, Monistat- (vaginal) skin and mucous
3, membranes
Monistat-7, Vagistat-3
Midazolam/ Versed antianxiety agents Assess level of sedation and
sedative/hypnotics level of consciousness
benzodiazepines throughout and for 2–6 hr
following administration.
Monitor blood pressure,
pulse, and respiration
continuously during IV
administration.
Midodrine/ProAmatine vasopressors Monitor supine and sitting
blood pressure, pattern of
urinary output, renal and
hepatic function
Rev. 08/21/08
fatigue, weakness, anxiety,
depression, dizziness,
drowsiness, insomnia, memory
loss, mental status changes,
nervousness, nightmares,
bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary
edema, decreased libido
Seizures, dizziness, headache,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
nausea
Arrhythmias, hepatic necrosis,
dizziness, nervousness,
heartburn, nausea, vomiting,
tremor
worsening hepatic
function/hepatitis, renal
impairment, hemolysis/
hemolytic anemia, injection
site reactions, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis.
burning, itching, local
hypersensitivity reactions,
redness, stinging.
cramping, itching, vulvovaginal
burning
agitation, drowsiness, excess
sedation, headache, blurred
vision, apnea, laryngospasm,
respiratory depression,
bronchospasm, coughing,
cardiac arrest, arrhythmias,
hiccups, nausea, vomiting,
rashes, phlebitis at IV site,
pain at IM site.
anxiety, confusion, head
pressure/fullness, headache,
nervousness, supine
hypertension, bradycardia,
urinary
urge/retention/frequency,
142
 dysuria, facial flushing,
piloerection, pruritus, rash,
paresthesia, chills, pain.
Mifepristone/ Mifeprex abortifacients Assess amount of bleeding abdominal pain, diarrhea,
antiprogestational and cramping during nausea, vomiting, uterine
agents treatment. Determine bleeding, uterine cramping,
duration of pregnancy. dizziness, fainting, headache,
weakness.
Miglitol/ Glyset antidiabetics signs and symptoms of abdominal pain, diarrhea,
alpha glucosidase hypoglycemic reactions flatulence, low serum iron.
inhibitors
Miglustat/ Zavesca enzyme inhibitors Assess for tremor, diarrhea Headache, abdominal pain,
D-glucose analogue and weight loss diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,
substrate reduction weight loss, anorexia,
therapy dyspepsia, ↓ male fertility,
thrombocytopenia, weight
loss, paresthesia, peripheral
neuropathy, tremor.
Milnacipran/ Savella antifibromyalgia Assess intensity, quality, dizziness, headache, insomnia,
agents and location of pain, blood hypertension, tachycardia,
selective pressure and heart rate, constipation, dry mouth, liver
norepinephrine notable changes in behavior function abnormalities,
reuptake inhibitors that could indicate the nausea, vomiting, hot flushes,
emergence or worsening of hyperhydrosis.
suicidal thoughts or
behavior or depression.
Treat per-existing
hypertension and cardiac
disease prior to therapy.
Milrinone/ Primacor inotropics Monitor heart rate and blood headache, tremor, ventricular
pressure, ECG continuously arrhythmias, angina pectoris,
during administration. chest pain, hypotension,
supraventricular arrhythmias,
skin rash, liver function
abnormalities, hypokalemia,
thrombocytopenia.
Mineral oil/ Fleet laxatives Assess patient for abdominal lipid pneumonia, diarrhea, anal
Mineral Oil, lubricant laxatives distention, presence of irritation, rectal seepage of
Kondremul bowel sounds, and usual mineral oil.
Plain, Milkinol pattern of bowel function
Minocycline/ Arestin, anti-infectives Assess patient for infection benign intracranial
Dynacin, Minocin, tetracyclines hypertension, dizziness,
Solodyn vestibular reactions, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, esophagitis,
hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis,
photosensitivity, rash,
pigmentation of skin and
mucous membranes, blood
dyscrasias, lupus-like
syndrome, hypersensitivity
reactions, superinfection.
Minoxidil (systemic)/ antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and Headache, pulmonary edema,
Loniten vasodilators pulse, intake and output CHF, ECG changes,
ratios and daily weight and tachycardia, angina,
assess for edema daily pericardial effusion, nausea,
hypertrichosis, pigment
changes, rashes,
gynecomastia, menstrual

143
Rev. 08/21/08

Mirtazapine/ antidepressants Assess mental status
Remeron, tetracyclic (orientation, mood,
Remeron Soltabs antidepressants behavior), suicidal
tendencies, weight and BMI,
blood pressure and pulse
rate. Monitor for seizure
activity in patients with a
history of seizures or alcohol
abuse.
Misoprostol/ Cytotec antiulcer agents Assess patient routinely for
cytoprotective epigastric or abdominal pain
agents and for frank or occult blood
prostaglandins in the stool, emesis, or
gastric aspirate. Assess
women of childbearing age
for pregnancy.
Mitomycin/ MitoExtra, antineoplastics Monitor vital signs,
Mutamycin antitumor respiratory status and chest
antibiotics x-ray examination. Nausea
and vomiting usually occur
within 1–2 hr. Vomiting may
stop within 3–4 hr.
Mitotane/ o,p'-DDD, antineoplastics Monitor for symptoms of
Lysodren adrenal insufficiency,
development of dose-
limiting side effects (severe
nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
or diarrhea), neurologic
status; report depression,
lethargy, and complaints of
dizziness
Rev. 08/21/08
irregularities, sodium and
water retention, intermittent
claudication.
drowsiness, abnormal dreams,
abnormal thinking, agitation,
anxiety, apathy, confusion,
dizziness, malaise, weakness,
sinusitis, dyspnea, increased
cough, edema, hypotension,
vasodilation, constipation, dry
mouth, increased appetite,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
elevated liver enzymes,
nausea, vomiting, urinary
frequency, pruritus, rash,
increased thirst,
agranulocytosis, weight gain,
hypercholesterolemia,
increased triglycerides,
arthralgia, back pain, myalgia,
hyperkinesia, hypesthesia,
twitching, flu-like syndrome.
Headache, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, constipation,
dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea,
vomiting, miscarriage,
menstrual disorders.
Pulmonary toxicity, edema,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
stomatitis, infertility, renal
failure, alopecia,
desquamation, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
phlebitis at IV site, hemolytic
uremic syndrome, fever,
prolonged malaise.
lethargy, somnolence, brain
damage, dizziness, fatigue,
functional impairment (high-
dose, long-term therapy),
headache, irritability, mental
depression, tremors, vertigo,
weakness, blurred vision,
decreased hearing, diplopia,
lens opacities, optic neuritis,
toxic retinopathy, shortness of
breath, wheezing,
hypertension, hypotension,
anorexia, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, increased salivation,
albuminuria, hematuria,
hemorrhagic cystitis,
maculopapular rash, flushing,
adrenal suppression,
gynecomastia,
hypercholesterolemia,
144

Mitoxantrone/Novantr antineoplastics Monitor for hypersensitivity
one immune modifiers reaction, bleeding, chest x-
antitumor ray, ECG, echocardiography
antibiotics or MUGA, and radionuclide
angiography to determine
ejection fraction, symptoms
of gout. Encourage patient
to drink at least 2 L of fluid
per day.
Modafinil/ Provigil central nervous Observe and document
system stimulants frequency of narcoleptic
episodes
Moexipril/ Univasc antihypertensives Monitor BP, pulse, and signs
ace inhibitors of angioedema. Monitor
renal function.
Molindone/ Moban antipsychotics Assess patient's mental
status (orientation, mood,
behavior), weight and BMI,
fluid intake and bowel
function, onset of akathisia
(restlessness or desire to
keep moving) and
extrapyramidal side effects,
tardive dyskinesia,
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome,
Rev. 08/21/08
hypouricemia, aching,
arthralgia, myalgia, fever.
Seizures, headache, blue-
green sclera, conjunctivitis,
cough, dyspnea, cardiotoxicity,
arrhythmias, ECG changes,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
hepatic toxicity, nausea,
stomatitis, vomiting, blue-
green urine, gonadal
suppression, renal failure,
alopecia, rashes, anemia,
leukopenia, secondary
leukemia, thrombocytopenia,
hyperuricemia, fever,
hypersensitivity reactions.
headache, amnesia, anxiety,
cataplexy, confusion,
depression, dizziness,
insomnia, nervousness,
rhinitis, abnormal vision,
amblyopia, epistaxis,
pharyngitis, dyspnea, lung
disorder, arrhythmias, chest
pain, hypertension,
hypotension, syncope,
vasodilation, nausea, abnormal
liver function, anorexia,
diarrhea, gingivitis, mouth
ulcers, thirst, vomiting,
abnormal ejaculation,
albuminuria, urinary retention,
dry skin, herpes simplex,
hyperglycemia, eosinophilia,
joint disorder, neck pain,
ataxia, dyskinesia, hypertonia,
paresthesia, tremor, infection.
dizziness, fatigue, headache,
cough, hypotension, chest
pain, edema, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, impaired renal
function, flushing, rashes,
hyperkalemia, myalgia,
angioedema, flu-like
symptoms.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, extrapyramidal
reactions, sedation,
depression, dizziness,
euphoria, headache, insomnia,
tardive dyskinesia, blurred
vision, dry eyes, nasal
congestion, hypotension,
tachycardia, constipation, dry
mouth, anorexia, drug-induced
hepatitis, nausea,
photosensitivity, rashes,
galactorrhea, increased libido,
145
 irregular menses, allergic
reactions.
Mometasone (nasal)/ anti inflammatories Monitor degree of nasal Headache, pharyngitis,
Nasonex steroidal stuffiness, amount and color epistaxis, nasal burning, nasal
corticosteroids of nasal discharge, and irritation, nasopharyngeal
frequency of sneezing, fungal infection, sinusitis,
vomiting, dysmenorrheal,
adrenal suppression (increased
dose, long-term therapy only),
decreased growth (children),
pain, cough.
Mometasone (topical)/ anti inflammatories Assess affected skin prior to allergic contact dermatitis,
Elocon steroidal and daily during therapy. atrophy, burning, dryness,
corticosteroids Note degree of inflammation edema, folliculitis,
and pruritus. hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression
Monobasic potassium antiurolithics Assess patient for signs and confusion, listlessness,
phosphate/ K-Phos mineral electrolyte symptoms of hypokalemia, weakness, arrhythmias,
Original replacements hypophosphatemia, pulse, cardiac arrest, ECG changes,
supplements blood pressure, and ECG, hypotension, diarrhea,
intake and output ratios and abdominal pain, nausea,
daily weight vomiting, hyperkalemia,
hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia,
hypomagnesemia, irritation at
IV site, phlebitis, flaccid
paralysis, heaviness of legs,
paresthesias.
hyperkalemia—muscle cramps;
arrhythmias, ECG
hypercalcemia—tremors.
Montelukast/ Singulair allergy, cold and Assess lung sounds and anxiety, depression, fatigue,
cough remedies respiratory function, allergy headache, suicidal
bronchodilators symptoms (rhinitis, thoughts/behaviors, weakness,
leukotriene conjunctivitis, hives), cough, rhinorrhea, increased
antagonists notable changes in behavior liver enzymes, tremor, rash,
eosinophilic conditions
including churg-strauss
syndrome, fever.
Children: otitis, sinusitis,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, nausea.
Morphine/ opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and confusion, sedation, dizziness,
Astramorph, opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and dysphoria, euphoria, floating
Astramorph PF, 1 hr following PO, subcut, feeling, hallucinations,
Avinza, IM, and 20 min (peak) headache, unusual dreams,
Duramorph, DepoDur, following IV administration. blurred vision, diplopia, miosis,
Infumorph, Kadian, Patients on a continuous respiratory depression,
MS, infusion should have hypotension, bradycardia,
MS Contin, MSIR, additional bolus doses constipation, nausea,
MSO4, provided every 15–30 min, vomiting, urinary retention,
MS Concentrate, as needed, for breakthrough flushing, itching, sweating,
Oramorph SR, RMS, pain. Assess level of physical dependence,

146
Rev. 08/21/08
Roxanol, Roxanol consciousness, blood psychological dependence,
Rescudose, Roxanol-T pressure, pulse, and tolerance.
respirations, bowel function
Moxifloxacin/ Avelox anti-infectives Assess for infection (vital agitation, anxiety, dizziness,
fluoroquinolones signs, appearance of headache, insomnia, QTc
sputum, WBC), signs and prolongation, arrhythmias,
symptoms of anaphylaxis, pseudomembranous colitis,
bowel function. Diarrhea, abdominal pain, abnormal liver
abdominal cramping, fever, function tests, diarrhea,
and bloody stools dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
photosensitivity, tendinitis,
tendon rupture,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis.
MULTIPLE VITAMINS/ vitamins Assess patient for signs of Urine discoloration
Adavite, Certagen, nutritional deficiency before (preparations with B vitamins),
Dayalets, and throughout therapy. allergic reactions to
Hexavitamin, LKV preservatives, additives, or
Drops, Multi-75, Multi- colorants.
Day, Nutrox, One-A-
Day, Optilets, Poly-Vi-
Sol, Quintabs, Ru-lets,
Sesame Street
Vitamins, Sigtab,
Syrvite, Tab-A-Vite,
Therabid, Theragran,
Thera Multi-Vitamin,
Theravee, Theravim,
Theravite, Therems,
Unicaps, Vita-Bob,
Vita-Kid, Zymacap
Multivitamin infusion/ vitamins Assess patient for signs of Urine discoloration
B nutritional deficiency before (preparations with B vitamins),
complex with C and B, and throughout therapy. allergic reactions to
Cernevit-12, Multi preservatives, additives, or
Vitamin Concentrate, colorants.
M.V.I.-12, M.V.I.
Pediatric
Mupirocin/ Bactroban, anti-infectives Assess lesions before and nasal only—headache, cough,
Bactroban Nasal daily during therapy itching, pharyngitis, rhinitis,
upper respiratory tract
congestion, altered taste.
nausea
topical only—burning, itching,
pain, stinging.
Muromonab-CD3/ immunosuppressan Assess for fluid overload, tremor, aseptic meningitis,
Orthoclone OKT3 ts vital signs and breath dizziness, pulmonary edema,
monoclonal sounds, signs of dyspnea, shortness of breath,
antibodies anaphylactic or wheezing, chest pain,
hypersensitivity reactions, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
infection, development of cytokine release syndrome,
aseptic meningitis. Assess infections, chills, fever,
for cytokine release hypersensitivity reactions,
syndrome (CRS), usually increased risk of lymphoma.
manifested by high fever
and chills, headache,
tremor, nausea and
vomiting, chest pain, muscle

147
Rev. 08/21/08
 and joint pain, generalized
weakness, shortness of
breath, dizziness, abdominal
pain, malaise, diarrhea, and
trembling of hands, but may
occasionally cause a severe,
life-threatening, shock-like
reaction.
Mycophenolic acid/ immunosuppressan Assess for symptoms of
Myfortic ts organ rejection, signs of
progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy
(hemiparesis, apathy,
confusion, cognitive
deficiencies and ataxia)
Mycophenolate immunosuppressan Assess for symptoms of
mofetil/ ts organ rejection, signs of
CellCept progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy
(hemiparesis, apathy,
confusion, cognitive
deficiencies and ataxia)
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Nabilone/ Cesamet antiemetics Monitor patient closely for
cannabinoids altered mental status.
Monitor vital signs
periodically during therapy.
Nabumetone/ Relafen antirheumatics Assess pain and range of
nonsteroidal anti motion before and
inflammatory periodically throughout
agents therapy. Monitor for rhinitis,
Rev. 08/21/08
Progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy, anxiety,
dizziness, headache, insomnia,
paresthesia, tremor, edema,
hypertension, hypotension,
tachycardia, rashes,
hypercholesterolemia,
hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia, GI bleeding,
anorexia, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, renal
dysfunction, leukocytosis,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, cough, dyspnea,
fever, infection, increased risk
of malignancy.
Progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy, anxiety,
dizziness, headache, insomnia,
paresthesia, tremor, edema,
hypertension, hypotension,
tachycardia, rashes,
hypercholesterolemia,
hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia, GI bleeding,
anorexia, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, renal
dysfunction, leukocytosis,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
anemia, cough, dyspnea,
fever, infection, increased risk
of malignancy.
Common Side Effects
Concentration difficulty,
drowsiness, euphoria, sleep
disturbance, vertigo, ataxia,
hypotension, dry mouth,
tachycardia, depression.
GI bleeding, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, exfoliative
dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
148
 asthma, and urticaria
throughout therapy.
Evaluate BUN, serum
creatinine, CBC, and liver
function periodically in
patients receiving prolonged
therapy.
Nadolol/ Corgard antianginals Monitor blood pressure and
antihypertensives pulse; orthostatic
beta blockers hypotension; intake and
output ratios and daily
weight; and evidence of
fluid overload frequently
during dose adjustment and
periodically during therapy.
Assess frequency and
characteristics of angina
periodically during therapy.
Monitor patients receiving
beta blockers for signs of
overdose.
Nafarelin/ Synarel hormones Assess patient for
gonadotropin endometriotic pain; signs of
releasing hormones precocious puberty; onset of
normal puberty and assess
menstrual cycle,
reproductive function, and
final adult height
periodically throughout
therapy.
Nafcillin/Nallpen, anti-infectives Assess for infection; signs
Unipen penicillinase and symptoms of
resistant penicillins anaphylaxis; and vein for
signs of irritation and
phlebitis at beginning of and
throughout therapy. Change
IV site every 48 hr to
prevent phlebitis.
Naftifine/ Naftin antifungals Inspect involved areas of
(topical) skin and mucous
membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Nalbuphine/ Nubain opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
opioid agonists intensity of pain before and
analgesics 1 hr after IM or 30 min
(peak) after IV
administration. Assess blood
pressure, pulse, and
respirations before and
periodically during
administration.
Nalmefene/ Revex antidotes Monitor respiratory rate,
opioid antagonists rhythm, and depth; pulse,
ECG, and blood pressure;
and level of sedation
frequently until effects of
opioid wear off. Assess
Rev. 08/21/08
necrolysis, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis,
angioneurotic edema,
agitation, anxiety, confusion,
depression, dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, weakness.
Fatigue, weakness, anxiety,
depression, dizziness,
drowsiness, insomnia, blurred
vision, dry eyes,
bronchospasm, wheezing,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
CHF, pulmonary edema,
orthostatic hypotension,
peripheral vasoconstriction,
constipation, nausea, erectile
dysfunction, back pain, muscle
cramps, paresthesia, drug-
induced lupus syndrome.
Emotional instability,
headaches, nasal irritation,
edema, vaginal dryness, acne,
hirsutism, seborrhea,
cessation of menses, impaired
fertility, reduced breast size,
decreased bone density,
myalgia, decreased libido, hot
flashes, weight gain.
Seizures, rash, urticaria,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, epigastric distress,
nausea, vomiting, interstitial
nephritis, pain at IM site,
phlebitis at IV site, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and serum sickness,
superinfection.
Burning, dryness, itching, local
hypersensitivity reactions,
redness, stinging.
Dizziness, headache, sedation,
respiratory depression,
hypertension, orthostatic
hypotension, palpitations, dry
mouth, nausea, vomiting,
urinary urgency, clammy
feeling, sweating, physical or
psychological dependence,
tolerance.
Dysphoria, headache,
hypertension, hypotension,
tachycardia, vasodilation,
abdominal cramps, nausea,
joint pain, myalgia, chills,
fever, postoperative pain.
149
 patient for signs and
symptoms of opioid
withdrawal. Assess patient
for intensity of pain when
nalmefene is used to treat
postoperative respiratory
depression.
Naloxone/ Narcan antidotes Monitor respiratory rate,
(for opioids) rhythm, and depth; pulse,
opioid antagonists ECG, blood pressure; and
level of consciousness
frequently for 3–4 hr after
the expected peak of blood
concentrations. Assess
patient for level of pain after
administration when used to
treat postoperative
respiratory depression.
Assess patient for signs and
symptoms of opioid
withdrawal.
Naltrexone/ ReVia, alcohol abuse Assess patient for last time
Vivitrol therapy adjuncts opioids or alcohol were
opioid antagonists taken. Assess for signs of
eosinophilic pneumonia.
Naltrexone injection/ alcohol abuse Assess patient for last time
Vivitrol therapy adjuncts opioids or alcohol were
opioid antagonists taken. Assess for signs of
eosinophilic pneumonia.
Nandrolone antianemics Monitor response for
decanoate/ hormones symptoms of anemia during
Deca-Durabolin, anabolic steroids therapy. Monitor CBC
Hybolin periodically throughout
Decanoate, Kabolin therapy.
Naproxen/Aleve, nonopioid Assess pain and range of
Anaprox, Anaprox DS, analgesics motion prior to and 1–2 hr
Apo-Napro-Na DS, nonsteroidal anti following administration.
EC- inflammatory Monitor temperature.
Naprosyn, Naprelan, agents Evaluate BUN, serum
Napron X, Naprosyn antipyretics creatinine, CBC, and liver
function tests periodically in
patients receiving prolonged
therapy.
Naratriptan/ Amerge vascular headache Assess pain location,
suppressants character, intensity, and
five ht1 agonists duration and associated
symptoms (photophobia,
phonophobia, nausea,
vomiting) during migraine
attack.
Natalizumab/ Tysabri anti multiple Assess frequency of
sclerosis agents exacerbations of symptoms
monoclonal of multiple sclerosis
Rev. 08/21/08
Hypertension, hypotension,
ventricular fibrillation,
ventricular tachycardia,
nausea, vomiting.
Anxiety, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, nervousness,
eosinophilic pneumonia,
hepatotoxicity, abdominal
cramps/pain, nausea, injection
site reactions.
Dizziness, headache,
eosinophylic pneumonia,
anorexia, nausea, vomiting, ↓
eosinophils, ↓ platelets,
injection site reactions.
Insomnia, edema, muscle
cramps, diarrhea, hepatic
dysfunction, changes in libido,
prostatic hyperplasia, acne,
virilism in women and
prepubertal men.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, tinnitus, visual
disturbances, dyspnea,
tachycardia, drug-induced
hepatitis, GI bleeding,
constipation, dyspepsia,
nausea, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis and
Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
malaise/fatigue, coronary
artery vasospasm, MI,
ventricular fibrillation,
ventricular tachycardia,
myocardial ischemia, nausea,
paresthesia, pain/pressure
sensation in throat/neck.
Depression, fatigue,
cholelithiasis, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis,
150
 antibodies periodically during therapy.
Assess for signs of
hypersensitivity reactions;
new signs or symptoms that
may be suggestive of PML,
an opportunistic infection of
the brain that leads to death
or severe disability during
therapy. Observe patient
during infusion and for 1 hr
after infusion is completed.
Nateglinide/ Starlix antidiabetics Observe for signs and
meglitinides symptoms of hypoglycemic
reactions. Monitor serum
glucose and HbA1c
periodically during therapy
to evaluate effectiveness
Nebivolol/ Bystolic antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure,
beta blockers ECG, and pulse; intake and
selective output ratios and daily
weights; signs and
symptoms of CHF prior to
and periodically during
therapy.
Nefazodone antidepressants Assess mental status;
suicidal tendencies; blood
pressure and pulse; liver
function tests; and sexual
dysfunction before and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor liver function
periodically.
Nelarabine/ Arranon antineoplastics Assess neurologic status
antimetabolites frequently. Monitor CBC
regularly.
Nelfinavir/ Viracept antiretrovirals Assess patient for change in
protease inhibitors severity of HIV symptoms
and opportunistic infections
throughout therapy. Monitor
viral load and CD4 cell
counts regularly during
therapy.
Neomycin/ Neo-Fradin anti-infectives Assess patient for infection
aminoglycosides at beginning of and
throughout therapy. Monitor
neurologic status. Prior to
administering oral
medication, assess patient"s
ability to swallow.
Neostigmine/ antimyasthenics Assess pulse, respiratory
Prostigmin cholinergics rate, and blood pressure
prior to administration.
Assess neuromuscular
status, including vital
capacity, ptosis, diplopia,
chewing, swallowing, hand
grasp, and gait, prior to
Rev. 08/21/08
infections, progressive
multifocal
leukoencephalopathy (PML),
infusion-related reactions.
Dizziness, bronchitis,
coughing, upper respiratory
infection, diarrhea,
hypoglycemia, arthropathy,
back pain, flu symptoms.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache.
Dizziness, insomnia,
somnolence, dyspnea,
bradycardia, hypotension,
hepatic failure, hepatotoxicity,
constipation, dry mouth,
nausea, gastroenteritis,
erectile dysfunction, rashes,
decreased hematocrit.
Anemia, leukopenia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, severe
neurologic events.
Seizures, diarrhea, anxiety,
depression, pharyngitis,
rhinitis, dyspnea, rash,
dyspepsia, GI bleeding,
arthritis, back pain, myalgia,
myopathy, allergic reactions,
fever, sweating, urticaria.
Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Seizures, dizziness, weakness,
lacrimation, miosis,
bronchospasm, excess
secretions, bradycardia,
hypotension, abdominal
cramps, diarrhea, excess
salivation, nausea, vomiting,
sweating, rashes.
151
 administering and at peak
effect. Monitor abdominal
status, bladder distention,
intake and output during
therapy. Monitor reversal of
effects of neuromuscular
blocking agents with a
peripheral nerve stimulator.
Nesiritide/ Natrecor vasodilators Monitor blood pressure,
human B-type pulse, ECG, respiratory rate,
natriuretic peptide cardiac index, PCWP, and
central venous pressure
frequently during
administration. Monitor
intake and output and weigh
daily; and decrease in signs
of CHF during therapy.
Monitor BUN and serum
creatinine.
Nevirapine/ Viramune antiretrovirals Assess for change in
non nucleoside severity of HIV symptoms
reverse and for symptoms of
transcriptase opportunistic infections
inhibitors throughout therapy. Assess
for rash especially during
1st 6 wks of therapy.
Monitor viral load and CD4
cell count regularly during
therapy. Monitor for liver
function at baseline and
frequently during the first
18 wks for toxicity,
especially during first 6 wks
of therapy.
Niacin/ Edur-Acin, lipid-lowering Assess patient for signs of
Nia- agents niacin deficiency prior to
Bid, Niac, Niacels, vitamins and periodically during
Niacor, water soluble therapy. Obtain a diet
Niaspan, Nicobid, vitamins history, especially with
Nico- regard to fat consumption.
400, Nicolar, Monitor serum glucose and
Nicotinex, uric acid levels and hepatic
nicotinic acid, Slo- function tests periodically
Niacin, during prolonged high-dose
vitamin B therapy.
Niacinamide/nicotina lipid-lowering Assess patient for signs of
mide agents niacin deficiency prior to
vitamins and periodically during
water soluble therapy. Obtain a diet
vitamins history, especially with
regard to fat consumption.
Monitor serum glucose and
uric acid levels and hepatic
function tests periodically
during prolonged high-dose
Rev. 08/21/08
Anxiety, confusion, dizziness,
headache, hypotension (dose
related), insomnia,
drowsiness, amblyopia, apnea,
cough, hemoptysis,
hypotension, arrhythmias,
bradycardia, abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting, ↑ creatinine,
renal failure, itching, rash,
sweating, anemia, injection
site reactions, back pain, leg
cramps, paresthesia, tremor,
fever.
Headache, hepatotoxicity,
elevated liver enzyme levels,
nausea, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, hepatitis, ulcerative
stomatitis, rash (may progress
to toxic epidermal necrolysis),
granulocytopenia, myalgia,
paresthesia, peripheral
neuropathy, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, fever.
Nervousness, panic, blurred
vision, loss of central vision,
proptosis, toxic amblyopia,
orthostatic hypotension,
hepatotoxicity, GI upset,
bloating, diarrhea, nausea,
peptic ulceration, flushing of
the face and neck, pruritus,
burning, dry skin, increased
sebaceous gland activity,
rashes, stinging or tingling of
skin, glycosuria.
Nervousness, panic, blurred
vision, loss of central vision,
proptosis, toxic amblyopia,
orthostatic hypotension,
hepatotoxicity, GI upset,
bloating, diarrhea, nausea,
peptic ulceration, flushing of
the face and neck, pruritus,
burning, dry skin, increased
sebaceous gland activity,
152
 therapy.
Nicardipine/ Cardene, antianginals Monitor blood pressure and
Cardene SR, Cardene antihypertensives pulse prior to therapy,
IV calcium channel during dosage titration, and
blockers periodically throughout
therapy. Monitor ECG,
intake and output ratios and
daily weight, signs of CHF
periodically during
prolonged therapy. Assess
location, duration, intensity,
and precipitating factors of
patient's anginal pain.
Monitor serum potassium
periodically. Monitor renal
and hepatic functions
periodically during long-
term therapy.
Nicotine gum/ smoking deterrents Prior to therapy, assess
Nicorette, smoking history. Assess
Thrive patient for symptoms of
smoking withdrawal
periodically during nicotine
replacement therapy.
Evaluate progress in
smoking cessation
periodically during therapy.
Nicotine inhaler/ smoking deterrents Prior to therapy, assess
Nicotrol smoking history. Assess
Inhaler patient for symptoms of
smoking withdrawal
periodically during nicotine
replacement therapy.
Evaluate progress in
smoking cessation
periodically during therapy.
Nicotine lozenge/ smoking deterrents Prior to therapy, assess
Commit smoking history. Assess
patient for symptoms of
smoking withdrawal
periodically during nicotine
replacement therapy.
Evaluate progress in
smoking cessation
periodically during therapy.
Nicotine nasal spray/ smoking deterrents Prior to therapy, assess
Nicotrol NS smoking history. Assess
patient for symptoms of
smoking withdrawal
periodically during nicotine
replacement therapy.
Evaluate progress in
smoking cessation
periodically during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
rashes, stinging or tingling of
skin, glycosuria.
Abnormal dreams, anxiety,
weakness, blurred vision,
epistaxis, tinnitus, cough,
dyspnea, shortness of breath,
arrhythmias, CHF, peripheral
edema, bradycardia, chest
pain, hypotension,
palpitations, syncope,
tachycardia, abnormal results
in liver function studies,
anorexia, constipation,
diarrhea, dry mouth, vomiting,
dysuria, nocturia, polyuria,
flushing, pruritus/urticaria,
rash, hyperglycemia, anemia,
thrombocytopenia, weight
gain, joint stiffness, tremor,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
gingival hyperplasia.
Headache, insomnia,
nervousness, weakness,
pharyngitis, sinusitis,
tachycardia, chest pain,
hypertension, belching,
increased appetite, increased
salivation, oral injury, sore
mouth, jaw ache, arthralgia,
back pain, myalgia,
paresthesia, allergy, pain.
Headache, anxiety, local
mouth/throat irritation,
rhinitis, sinusitis, cough,
tachycardia, dyspepsia,
abnormal taste, diarrhea,
flatulence, hiccups, nausea,
back pain, jaw pain, myalgia,
paresthesia, allergy, fever, flu-
like symptoms, pain.
Headache, insomnia,
nervousness, weakness,
sinusitis, tachycardia,
abdominal pain, constipation,
diarrhea, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
dysmenorrheal, arthralgia,
back pain, myalgia,
paresthesia, allergy, pain.
Anxiety, headache, impaired
concentration, irritability,
insomnia, restlessness,
flatulence, nasopharyngeal
irritation, sneezing, watering
eyes, cough, sweating, chest
pain, hypertension, acne,
palpitations, tachycardia, dry
mouth, hiccups.
153
Nicotine transdermal/ smoking deterrents Prior to therapy, assess
Nicoderm CQ smoking history. Assess
patient for symptoms of
smoking withdrawal
periodically during nicotine
replacement therapy.
Evaluate progress in
smoking cessation
periodically during therapy.
NIFEdipine/ Adalat, antianginals Monitor blood pressure and
Adalat CC, Afeditab antihypertensives pulse; intake and output
CR, Nifedical XL, calcium channel ratios; daily weight; ECG;
Procardia, Procardia blockers and signs of CHF before and
XL periodically during therapy.
Assess location, duration,
intensity, and precipitating
factors of patient's anginal
pain. Monitor serum
potassium, renal and
hepatic functions
periodically during long-
term therapy.
Nilotinib/ Tasigna antineoplastics Monitor ECG to assess the
enzyme inhibitors QTc interval at baseline, 7
kinase inhibitors days after initiation of
therapy, and periodically
thereafter. Monitor for
myelosuppression, bleeding,
fatigue, dyspnea, and
othrostatic hypotension
during therapy. Apply
pressure to venipuncture
sites for at least 10 min.
Monitor serum electrolytes
prior to and periodically
during therapy. Monitor CBC
every 2 wks for first 2 mo
and monthly thereafter or
as indicated.
Nilutamide/ Nilandron antineoplastics Patients should have a chest
antiandrogens x-ray prior to initiation of
therapy. Assess patient for
symptoms of interstitial
pneumonitis. Monitor
hepatic function prior to and
every 3 mo throughout
therapy.
Nimodipine/ Nimotop subarachnoid Assess patient's neurologic
hemorrhage status; blood pressure and
therapy agents pulse; intake and output
calcium channel ratios and daily weight;
blockers signs of CHF prior to and
periodically following
therapy. Monitor serum
potassium; renal and
hepatic functions
Rev. 08/21/08
Headache, insomnia, dizziness,
drowsiness, nervousness,
weakness, sinusitis,
tachycardia, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
burning at patch site,
erythema, pruritis, rash,
sweating, back pain, myalgia,
paresthesia, allergy, pain.
Headache, peripheral edema,
bradycardia, chest pain,
hypotension, arrhythmias,
CHF, palpitations, syncope,
tachycardia, abnormal liver
function studies, anorexia,
dysgeusia, dyspepsia, nausea,
vomiting, dysuria, nocturia,
polyuria, sexual dysfunction,
urinary frequency, flushing,
joint stiffness, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, tremor, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome, gingival
hyperplasia.
Fatigue, headache, dizziness,
vertigo, arrhythmias,
hypertension, palpitations, QT
prolongation, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal discomfort,
anorexia, dyspepsia,
flatulence, hepatotoxicity,
pruritus, rash, alopecia,
flushing, hyperkalemia,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia,
hyponatremia, fever,
hypophosphatemia,
myelosupression, ↑ lipase,
hyperglycemia,
musculoskeletal pain,
paresthesia, night sweats.
Dizziness, impaired adaptation
to darkness, abnormal vision,
interstitial pneumonitis,
hypertension, hepatotoxicity,
constipation, hepatitis,
increased liver enzymes,
nausea, hot flashes, hair loss,
sweating.
Abnormal dreams, anxiety,
nervousness, weakness,
blurred vision, tinnitus,
arrhythmias, CHF, chest pain,
hypotension, syncope,
tachycardia, abnormal liver
function studies, anorexia,
pruritus/urticaria, rash,
anemia, weight gain, joint
154
 periodically.
Nisoldipine/ Sular antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and
calcium channel pulse prior to therapy,
blockers during dosage titration, and
periodically throughout
therapy. Monitor intake and
output ratios and daily
weight; and CHF during
therapy.
Nitazoxanide/ Alinia antiprotozoals Assess frequency and
benzamides consistency of stools and
bowel sounds; fluid and
electrolyte balance and skin
turgor for dehydration
before and during therapy.
Nitrofurantoin/ anti-infectives Assess for signs and
Furadantin, Macrobid, symptoms of urinary tract
Macrodantin infection; intake and output
ratios; and bowel function
before and periodically
during therapy. Monitor CBC
routinely with patients on
prolonged therapy.
Nitroglycerin/ Nitro- antianginals Assess location, duration,
Time, nitrates intensity, and precipitating
Nitro-Bid IV, Tridil, factors of patient's anginal
Nitrolingual, pain. Monitor blood pressure
Nitromist, and pulse before and after
Nitro-Bid, Nitrostat, administration. Patients
NitroQuick, Minitran, receiving IV nitroglycerin
Nitrek, Nitro-Dur require continuous ECG and
blood pressure monitoring.
Nitroprusside/ antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure,
Nitropress vasodilators heart rate, and ECG
frequently throughout
therapy; continuous
monitoring is preferred.
Pulmonary capillary wedge
pressure (PCWP) may be
monitored in patients with
MI or CHF. Monitor serum
methemoglobin
concentrations in patients
receiving >10 mg/kg and
exhibiting signs of impaired
oxygen delivery despite
adequate cardiac output and
arterial Pco2.
Nizatidine/ Axid, Axid antiulcer agents Assess patient for epigastric
AR histamine h2 or abdominal pain and frank
antagonists or occult blood in the stool,
emesis, or gastric aspirate.
Rev. 08/21/08
stiffness, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, tremor, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome.
Headache, dizziness,
pharyngitis, sinusitis,
peripheral edema, chest pain,
hypotension, palpitations,
nausea, rash, gynecomastia.
Dizziness, yellow eye
discoloration, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, vomiting, discolored
urine, pruritus, sweating,
fever.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, nystagmus,
pneumonitis, chest pain,
pseudomembranous colitis,
anorexia, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
drug-induced hepatitis,
rust/brown discoloration of
urine, blood dyscrasias,
peripheral neuropathy,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Dizziness, headache,
apprehension, restlessness,
weakness, blurred vision,
hypotension, tachycardia,
syncope, abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting, contact
dermatitis (transdermal or
ointment), alcohol intoxication
(large IV doses only), cross-
tolerance, flushing, tolerance.
Dizziness, headache,
restlessness, blurred vision,
tinnitus, dyspnea,
hypotension, palpitations,
abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting, acidosis, phlebitis at
IV site, cyanide toxicity,
thiocyanate toxicity.
Confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, hallucinations,
headache, arrhythmias,
constipation, diarrhea, drug-
155
 Assess geriatric and
debilitated patients routinely
for confusion. CBC with
differential should be
monitored periodically
during therapy
Norepinephrine/Levop vasopressors Monitor blood pressure
hed every 2–3 min until
stabilized and every 5 min
thereafter. ECG should be
monitored continuously.
Monitor urine output and
notify physician if it
decreases to <30 ml/hr.
Assess IV site frequently
throughout infusion.
Norethindrone/ Errin, contraceptive Assess blood pressure and
Camila, Jolivette, hormones skin lesion before and
Micronor, Nor-Q D periodically during therapy.
Monitor hepatic function
periodically during therapy.
Norethindrone/ethinyl contraceptive Assess blood pressure and
acetate// Estrostep, hormones skin lesion before and
Estrostep Fe periodically during therapy.
Monitor hepatic function
periodically during therapy.
Norfloxacin/ Noroxin anti-infectives Assess for infection, signs
fluoroquinolones and symptoms of
anaphylaxis, and bowel
function at beginning of and
during therapy.
Nortriptyline/ Aventyl, antidepressants Monitor mental status,
Pamelor tricyclic suicidal tendencies, weight
antidepressants and BMI, blood pressure and
pulse, FBS and cholesterol
levels before and during
initial therapy. Monitor
baseline and periodic ECGs
in geriatric patients or
patients with heart disease.
Assess type, location, and
severity of pain before and
periodically during therapy.
Assess leukocyte and
differential blood counts,
liver function, and serum
glucose periodically.
Rev. 08/21/08
induced hepatitis, nausea,
decreased sperm count,
erectile dysfunction,
gynecomastia, anemia,
agranulocytosis, aplastic
anemia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hypersensivity reactions.
Anxiety, dizziness, phlebitis at
IV site, headache, insomnia,
restlessness, tremor,
weakness, dyspnea,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
chest pain, hypertension,
decreased urine output, renal
failure, metabolic acidosis,
hyperglycemia, fever.
Depression, cerebral
hemorrhage, cerebral
thrombosis, coronary
thrombosis, pulmonary
embolism, hypertension,
Raynaud's phenomenon,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, hyperglycemia,
weight change.
Depression, cerebral
hemorrhage, cerebral
thrombosis, coronary
thrombosis, pulmonary
embolism, hypertension,
Raynaud's phenomenon,
amenorrhea, breakthrough
bleeding, hyperglycemia,
weight change.
Seizures, headache,
arrhythmias, hepatoxicity,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Drowsiness, fatigue, lethargy,
agitation, confusion,
extrapyramidal reactions,
hallucinations, headache,
insomnia, blurred vision, dry
eyes, dry mouth, arrhythmias,
hypotension, ECG changes,
constipation, nausea, paralytic
ileus, unpleasant taste, weight
gain, urinary retention,
photosensitivity,
gynecomastia, blood
dyscrasias.
156
NPH insulin (isophane antidiabetics Assess for symptoms of Hypoglycemia, erythema,
insulin suspension)/ hormones hypoglycemia and lipodystrophy, pruritis,
Humulin N, NPH Iletin pancreatics hyperglycemia periodically swelling, allergic reactions
II, during therapy. Monitor including anaphylaxis.
Novolin N body weight periodically.
Monitor blood glucose every
6 hr during therapy, more
frequently in ketoacidosis
and times of stress.
NPH/regular insulin antidiabetics Assess for symptoms of Hypoglycemia, erythema,
mixtures// Humulin hormones hypoglycemia and lipodystrophy, pruritis,
50/50, Humulin pancreatics hyperglycemia periodically swelling, allergic reactions
70/30, during therapy. Monitor including anaphylaxis.
Novolin 70/30 body weight periodically.
Monitor blood glucose every
6 hr during therapy, more
frequently in ketoacidosis
and times of stress.
Nystatin/ Mycostatin, antifungals Inspect oral mucous Diarrhea, nausea, stomach
Nilstat, Nystex (topical/local) membranes before and pain, vomiting, contact
frequently throughout dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson
therapy. syndrome.
Nystatin (topical)/ antifungals Inspect involved areas of Burning, itching, local
Mycostatin, Nystop skin and mucous hypersensitivity reactions,
membranes before and redness, stinging.
frequently during therapy.
Nystatin (vaginal)/ antifungals Inspect involved areas of Irritation, sensitization.
Mycostatin skin and mucous
membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be Common Side Effects
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration

Octreotide/ antidiarrheals Assess frequency and Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue,

Sandostatin, hormones consistency of stools and headache, weakness, visual
Sandostatin LAR bowel sounds; pulse and disturbances, edema,
blood pressure; fluid and orthostatic hypotension,
electrolyte balance and skin palpitations, abdominal pain,
turgor for dehydration; cholelithiasis, diarrhea, fat
signs of hypoglycemia; malabsorption, nausea,
gallbladder disease; and vomiting, flushing,
pain prior to and periodically hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia,
during therapy. Monitor 5- injection-site pain.
HIAA, plasma serotonin, and
plasma substance P in
patients with carcinoid;
plasma vasoactive intestinal
peptide (VIP) in patients
with VIPoma; and free T4
and serum glucose
concentrations prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Ofloxacin/ Floxin anti-infectives Assess patient for infection; Seizures, dizziness, headache,
fluoroquinolones signs and symptoms of insomnia, pseudomembranous
anaphylaxis; and bowel colitis, diarrhea, nausea,
function at beginning of and hypersensitivity reactions

157
Rev. 08/21/08
 during therapy. including anaphylaxis.

Olanzapine/ Zyprexa Antipsychotics, Assess mental status, Neuroleptic malignant

mood stabilizers, weight, BMI, fasting blood syndrome, seizures, agitation,
thienobenzodiazepi glucose, cholesterol levels, dizziness, headache,
nes fluid intake and bowel restlessness, sedation,
function. Monitor BP, ECG, weakness, amblyopia, rhinitis,
pulse, respiratory rate, for constipation, dry mouth,
onset of akathisia, weight loss or gain, tremor.
extrapyramidal side effects,
tardive dyskinesia,
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome
Olmesartan/ Benicar antihypertensives Assess blood pressure Dizziness, hypotension,
angiotensin ii (sitting, lying, standing) and hyperkalemia, impaired renal
receptor pulse; signs of angioedema function, angioedema.
antagonists periodically during therapy.
Monitor renal function.
Olopatadine (nasal allergy, cold and Assess for symptoms of Drowsiness, headache,
spray)/ Patanase cough remedies seasonal allergic rhinitis epistaxis, nasal perforation,
antihistamines (sneezing, runny nose, nasal ulcerations,
nasal itching) prior to and pharyngolaryngeal pain, post-
during therapy. nasal drip, bitter taste, cough.
Olsalazine/ Dipentum gastroinestinal anti Assess patient for allergy to Ataxia, confusion, dizziness,
inflammatories sulfonamides and drowsiness, headache, mental
salicylates. Monitor intake depression, psychosis,
and output ratios; restlessness, diarrhea,
abdominal pain and abdominal pain, anorexia,
frequency, quantity, and exacerbation of colitis, drug-
consistency of stools at the induced hepatitis, nausea,
beginning of and throughout vomiting, itching, rash, blood
therapy. Monitor urinalysis, dyscrasias.
BUN, and serum creatinine
prior to and periodically
during therapy. Monitor CBC
prior to and every 3–6 mo
during prolonged therapy.
Omalizumab/ Xolair antiasthmatics Assess lung sounds and Injection site reactions,
monoclonal respiratory function; allergy allergic reactions including
antibodies symptoms; allergic reactions anaphylaxis, ↑ risk of
within 2 hr of first or malignancy.
subsequent injections; and
injection site reactions prior
to and periodically during
therapy.
Omega-3-acid ethyl lipid-lowering Obtain a diet history, Altered taste, eructation, rash.
esters/ Lovaza agents especially with regard to fat
fatty acids consumption. Monitor serum
triglyceride levels prior to
and periodically during
therapy. Monitor serum ALT
periodically during therapy.
Monitor serum LDL
cholesterol levels
periodically during therapy.
Omeprazole/Prilosec proton pump Assess patient routinely for Abdominal pain, acid
OTC inhibitors, antiulcer epigastric or abdominal pain regurgitation, constipation,
agent and frank or occult blood in diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,

158
Rev. 08/21/08
 the stool, emesis, or gastric
aspirate
Ondansetron/Zofran five ht3 Assess patient for nausea,
antagonists; vomiting, abdominal
antiemetic distention, and bowel
sounds prior to and
following administration.
Assess patient for
extrapyramidal effects
Oprelvekin/ Neumega colony stimulating Assess patient for signs of
factors fluid retention during
interleukins therapy. Monitor platelet
thrombopoetic count prior to and
growth factors periodically during therapy.
CBC should be monitored
prior to and at regular
intervals during therapy.
Monitor electrolyte
concentrations in patients
receiving chronic diuretic
therapy.
Orlistat/ Xenical weight control Monitor patients for weight
agents loss and adjust concurrent
lipase inhibitors medications
(antihypertensives,
antidiabetics, lipid-lowering
agents) as needed.
Orphenadrine/ skeletal muscle Assess geriatric patients for
Antiflex, relaxants anticholinergic adverse
Banflex, Flexoject, (centrally acting) effects and sedation. Assess
Flexon, Mio-Rel, diphenhydramine patient for pain, muscle
Myolin, analogues stiffness, and range of
Myotrol, Norflex, motion; parkinsonian and
Orfro, extrapyramidal symptoms
Orphenate before and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
CBC and renal and hepatic
function tests periodically
during prolonged therapy.
Oseltamivir/ Tamiflu antivirals Monitor influenza
neuramidase symptoms. Additional
inhibitors supportive treatment may
be indicated to treat
symptoms.
Oxacillin/ Bactocill anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
penicillinase signs and symptoms of
resistant penicillins anaphylaxis; vein for signs
of irritation and phlebitis at
beginning of and throughout
therapy. Change IV site
every 48 hr to prevent
phlebitis.
Rev. 08/21/08
vomiting. Dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
weakness itching, rash.
Headache, dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue, weakness.
Constipation, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, dry mouth,
increased liver enzymes.
extrapyramidal reactions.
Dizziness, headache, bone
pain, insomnia, alopecia,
nervousness, weakness,
conjunctival hemorrhage,
cough, chills, dyspnea, pleural
effusions, atrial fibrillation,
edema, myalgia, palpitations,
syncope, tachycardia,
vasodilation, anorexia,
constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, fever, mucositis,
nausea, oral moniliasis,
vomiting, rash, ecchymoses,
infection, pain.
Fecal urgency, flatus with
discharge, increased
defecation, oily evacuation,
oily spotting, fecal
incontinence.
CNS excitation, confusion,
dizziness, drowsiness, blurred
vision, dry eyes, orthostatic
hypotension, tachycardia,
constipation, dry mouth,
urinary retention.
Seizures, abnormal behavior,
agitation, confusion, delirium,
hallucinations, insomnia,
nightmares, vertigo,
bronchitis, nausea, vomiting.
Seizures, diarrhea, epigastric
distress, nausea, vomiting,
eosinophilia,
pseudomembranous colitis,
interstitial nephritis, rash,
urticaria, leucopenia, pain at
IM site, phlebitis at IV site,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis and serum
sickness, superinfection.
159
Oxaliplatin/ Eloxatin antineoplastics Assess for peripheral
sensory neuropathy, signs
of pulmonary fibrosis, and
signs of anaphylaxis at
beginning and periodically
during therapy. Monitor
WBC with differential,
hemoglobin, platelet count,
and blood chemistries
before each oxaliplatin cycle
Oxaprozin/ Daypro antirheumatics Assess pain and range of
nonsteroidal anti motion prior to and
inflammatory periodically during therapy.
agents Evaluate BUN, serum
creatinine, CBC, and liver
function tests periodically in
patients receiving prolonged
therapy.
Oxazepam/ Serax antianxiety agents Assess patient for anxiety
sedative/hypnotics and orientation, mood and
benzodiazepines behavior; level of sedation;
regularly for continued need
for treatment periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
CBC and liver function tests
periodically during
prolonged therapy.
Oxcarbazepine/Trilept anticonvulsants Assess frequency, location,
al carbamazepine duration, and characteristics
analogues of seizure activity; CNS
changes during therapy.
Monitor ECG and serum
electrolytes before and
periodically during therapy.
Oxiconazole/ Oxistat antifungals Inspect involved areas of
(topical) skin and mucous
membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Oxybutynin (oral)/ urinary tract Monitor voiding pattern and
Ditropan, Ditropan XL antispasmodics intake and output ratios,
anticholinergics and assess abdomen for
bladder distention prior to
and periodically during
therapy.
Oxybutynin urinary tract Monitor voiding pattern and
(transdermal)/ antispasmodics intake and output ratios,
Oxytrol anticholinergics and assess abdomen for
bladder distention prior to
and periodically during
therapy.
Oxybutynin urinary tract Monitor voiding pattern and
transdermal antispasmodics intake and output ratios,
gel/ Gelnique anticholinergics and assess abdomen for
bladder distention prior to
Rev. 08/21/08
Fatigue, chest pain, edema,
pulmonary fibrosis, coughing,
dyspnea, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain,
anorexia, gastroesophageal
reflux, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
back pain, neurotoxicity,
anaphylaxis/anaphylactoid
reactions, fever.
GI bleeding, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, dyspepsia, exfoliative
dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis,
angioneurotic edema,
dyspnea, edema, vasculitis,
tremor.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
confusion, hangover,
headache, respiratory
depression, tachycardia,
constipation, diarrhea, drug-
induced hepatitis, nausea,
vomiting, weight gain, urinary
problems, rashes, leucopenia,
physical and psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Dizziness/vertigo,
drowsiness/fatigue, headache,
abnormal vision, diplopia,
nystagmus, abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting, ataxia, gait
disturbances, tremor,
lymphadenopathy.
Burning, itching, local
hypersensitivity reactions,
redness, stinging.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
constipation, dry mouth,
nausea, urinary retention,
agitation, confusion,
hallucinations, headache,
tachycardia, abdominal pain,
diarrhea.
Application site reactions,
Dizziness, drowsiness,
constipation, dry mouth,
nausea, urinary retention,
agitation, confusion,
hallucinations, headache,
tachycardia.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
dry mouth, constipation,
application site reactions,
pruritus.
160
 and periodically during
therapy.
Oxycodone/ opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
Oxycontin, opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
OxyFAST, OxyIR, opioid agonists 1 hr (peak) after
Percolone, nonopioid analgesic administration. Assess blood
Roxicodone, combinations pressure, pulse, and
Endocodone, M-Oxy respirations; bowel function
before and periodically
during administration.
Oxycodone/ opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
acetaminophen//Endo opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
cet, opioid agonists 1 hr (peak) after
Magnacet, Oxycet, nonopioid analgesic administration. Assess blood
Percocet, Roxicet, combinations pressure, pulse, and
Roxilox, Tylox respirations; bowel function
before and periodically
during administration.
Oxycodone/aspirin// opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
Endodan, Percodan opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
opioid agonists 1 hr (peak) after
nonopioid analgesic administration. Assess blood
combinations pressure, pulse, and
respirations; bowel function
before and periodically
during administration.
Oxycodone Opioid agonists, Assess type, location, and
Compound/ opioid agonists intensity of pain; BP, pulse,
Percocet nonopioid analgesic and respirations before and
combinations; periodically during
PAIN LEVEL 5, on a opioid analgesics administration. Prolonged
scale of 1-10 use may lead to physical
and psychological
dependence and tolerance.
Bowel function routinely.
Oxymorphone/ opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
Opana, opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
Opana ER 1 hr following IM and 15–30
min (peak) following IV
administration. Assess blood
pressure, pulse, and
respirations; bowel function
before and periodically
during administration.
Oxymorphone (oral)/ opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
Opana, Opana ER opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
1 hr (peak) after
administration. Assess blood
pressure, pulse, and
respirations; bowel function
before and periodically
during administration.
Rev. 08/21/08
Confusion, sedation,
dysphoria, diplopia, miosis,
respiratory depression,
orthostatic hypotension,
constipation, dry mouth,
nausea, vomiting, urinary
retention, flushing, sweating,
physical and psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Confusion, sedation,
dysphoria, diplopia, miosis,
respiratory depression,
orthostatic hypotension,
constipation, dry mouth,
nausea, vomiting, urinary
retention, flushing, sweating,
physical and psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Confusion, sedation,
dysphoria, diplopia, miosis,
respiratory depression,
orthostatic hypotension,
constipation, dry mouth,
nausea, vomiting, urinary
retention, flushing, sweating,
physical and psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Confusion, sedation,
constipation, respiratory
depression
Confusion, sedation,
dysphoria, euphoria,
hallucinations, unusual
dreams, blurred vision,
diplopia, miosis, respiratory
depression, orthostatic
hypotension, constipation, dry
mouth, nausea, vomiting,
urinary retention, flushing,
sweating, physical and
psychological dependence,
tolerance.
Drowsiness, confusion,
dizziness, headache,
respiratory depression,
hypoxia, hypotension,
tachycardia, nausea,
abdominal distention,
constipation, dry mouth,
flatulence, ileus, vomiting,
161

Oxytocin/ Pitocin, hormones Fetal maturity, presentation,
Syntocinon oxytocics and pelvic adequacy should
be assessed prior to
administration of oxytocin
for induction of labor.
Assess character, frequency,
and duration of uterine
contractions; resting uterine
tone; and fetal heart rate
frequently throughout
administration. Monitor
maternal blood pressure and
pulse frequently and fetal
heart rate continuously
throughout administration.
Monitor maternal
electrolytes.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Paclitaxel/Abraxane, antineoplastics Assess for development of
Onxol, Taxol taxoids peripheral neuropathy;
arthralgia and myalgia; vital
signs; cardiovascular status
especially during first 3 hr of
infusion; bone marrow
depression; bleeding; intake
and output, appetite, and
nutritional intake;
hypersensitivity reactions
continuously during the first
30 min and frequently
thereafter. Monitor CBC and
differential prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Palifermin/ Kepivance cytoprotective Assess level of oral
agents mucositis prior to and
keratinocyte periodically during therapy.
growth factors
rDNA
Paliperidone/ Invega antipsychotics Monitor patient's mental
benzisoxazoles status, suicidal tendencies,
weight and BMI, blood
pressure (sitting, standing,
lying down) and pulse,
onset of extrapyramidal side
effects, tardive dyskinesia,
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome before
and periodically during
therapy. Monitor fasting
blood glucose and
cholesterol levels before and
periodically during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
itching, ↑ sweating, fever.
Fetal—intracranial
hemorrhage, asphyxia,
hypoxia, arrhythmias,
Maternal—hypochloremia,
hyponatremia, water
intoxication, increased uterine
motility, painful contractions,
abruptio placentae, decreased
uterine blood flow,
hypersensitivity, coma,
seizures, hypotension,
Common Side Effects
ECG changes, hypotension,
hypotension, bradycardia,
abnormal liver function tests,
diarrhea, mucositis, nausea,
vomiting, alopecia, anemia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, arthralgia,
myalgia, peripheral
neuropathy, cough, dyspnea,
injection site reactions,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Skin toxicity, oral toxicity, ↑
amylase, ↑ lipase, arthralgia,
dysesthesia.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, drowsiness,
headache, anxiety, confusion,
dizziness, extrapyramidal
disorders, fatigue,
Parkinsonism, syncope, tardive
dyskinesia, weakness, blurred
vision, dyspnea, cough,
palpitations, tachycardia,
bradycardia, orthostatic
hypotension, ↑ QTc interval,
abdominal pain, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, nausea, swollen
tongue, hyperglycemia, back
162
 pain, dystonia, akithisia,
dyskinesia, tremor, fever.
Palivizumab/ Synagis antivirals Assess patient for signs of Diarrhea, vomiting, erythema,
monoclonal lower respiratory tract induration, hypersensitivity
antibodies disease; and signs of reactions including
anaphylactic reaction anaphylactoid reactions and
periodically during therapy. anaphylaxis.
Palonosetron/ Aloxi antiemetics Assess patient for nausea, Dizziness, headache,
five ht3 antagonists vomiting, abdominal constipation, diarrhea
distention, and bowel
sounds prior to and
following administration.
Pamidronate/ Aredia bone resorption Monitor intake/output ratios Fatigue, conjunctivitis, blurred
inhibitors and blood pressure; signs of vision, eye pain/inflammation,
biphosphonates fluid overload; symptoms of rhinitis, rales, arrhythmias,
hypocalcemics hypercalcemia; evidence of hypertension, syncope,
hypocalcemia; IV site for tachycardia, nausea,
phlebitis; and bone pain abdominal pain, anorexia,
frequently during therapy. constipation, vomiting,
Assess serum creatinine hypocalcemia, hypokalemia,
prior to each treatment. hypomagnesemia,
Monitor serum electrolytes, hypophosphatemia, fluid
hemoglobin, and creatinine overload, nephrotoxicity,
closely. Monitor CBC and leukopenia, anemia, phlebitis
platelet count during the at injection site,
first 2 wk of therapy hypothyroidism, muscle
stiffness, musculoskeletal pain,
osteonecrosis.
Pancrelipase/ digestive agent Assess patient's nutritional Nasal stuffiness, dyspnea,
Cotazym, pancreatic enzymes status, stools for high fat shortness of breath, wheezing,
Cotazym E.C.S. 8, content, and allergy to pork abdominal pain (high doses
Cotazym E.C.S. 20, prior to and periodically only), diarrhea, nausea,
Cotazym-S, Creon 10, throughout therapy. stomach cramps, oral
Creon 25, Enzymase- irritation, hematuria, hives,
16, rash, hyperuricemia, allergic
Ilozyme, Ku-Zyme HP, reactions.
Lipram-PN16, Lipram-
CR20, Lipram-UL12,
Lipram-PN10, Lipram-
UL18, Lipram-UL20,
Pancoate, Pancrease,
Pancrease MT 4,
Pancrease MT 10,
Pancrease MT 16,
Pancrease MT 20,
Pancrebarb MS-8,
Protilase, Ultrase MT
12,
Ultrase MT 20,
Viokase,
Zymase
Pancuronium/ Pavulon neuromuscular Assess respiratory status, Bronchospasm, hypertension,
blocking agents ECG, heart rate, and blood tachycardia, excessive
nondepolarizing pressure; and infusion site salivation, rash, allergic
throughout therapy. reactions including
Observe the patient for anaphylaxis.
residual muscle weakness
and respiratory distress

163
Rev. 08/21/08
 during the recovery period.
Panitumumab/ antineoplastics Assess for dermatologic
Vectibix monoclonal toxicity; inflammatory or
antibodies infectious sequelae; severe
infusion reactions;
pulmonary fibrosis; and
diarrhea during therapy.
Monitor electrolyte levels
periodically during and for 8
wks after completion of
therapy.
Pantoprazole/ antiulcer agents Assess patient routinely for
Protonix, proton pump epigastric or abdominal pain
Protonix I.V inhibitors and for frank or occult blood
in stool, emesis, or gastric
aspirate during therapy.
Papaverine/ Pavabid, erectile dysfunction Monitor blood pressure and
Pavagen TD agents pulse; ECG; and IV site for
vasodilators thrombosis before and
periodically throughout
course of therapy. Monitor
liver function studies.
Paregoric/ antidiarrheals Assess frequency and
camphorated opioid agonists consistency of stools and
tincture of opium bowel sounds; fluid and
electrolyte balance and skin
turgor for dehydration;
respiratory rate; resolution
of withdrawal symptoms
before and throughout
course of therapy.
Paricalcitol/ Zemplar vitamins Assess for symptoms of
fat soluble vitamins vitamin deficiency; bone
pain and weakness; and
evidence of hypocalcemia
prior to and periodically
during therapy. Serum
calcium, phosphorus, and
intact PTH concentrations
should be monitored at least
every 2 wk for the first 3 mo
of therapy or following any
dosage adjustment, then
monthly for 3 mo, then
every 3 mo.
Paromomycin/ amebicide Assess patient for infection
Humatin aminoglycosides and neurologic status at
beginning of and throughout
therapy. Prior to
administering oral
medication, assess patient's
ability to swallow.
Paroxetine antianxiety agents Monitor appetite and
hydrochloride/ antidepressants nutritional intake; Weigh
Paxil, Paxil CR selective serotonin weekly; mental status;
reuptake inhibitors suicidal tendencies;
Rev. 08/21/08
Fatigue, ocular toxicity,
eyelash growth, pulmonary
fibrosis, cough, abdominal
pain, constipation, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, edema,
stomatitis, dermatologic
toxicity, paromychia,
photosensitivity, infusion
reactions, hypocalcemia,
hypomagnesemia.
Headache, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, eructation,
flatulence, hyperglycemia.
Depression, dizziness, vertigo,
sedation, dry throat, visual
changes, apnea, arrhythmias,
hypotension, dry mouth,
sweating, thrombosis at
injection site.
Dizziness, drowsiness, miosis,
respiratory depression,
orthostatic hypotension,
bradycardia, vasodilation,
biliary tract spasm,
constipation, urinary retention,
histamine release.
Dizziness, conjunctivitis,
photophobia, rhinorrhea,
arrhythmias, edema,
hypertension, palpitations,
anorexia, constipation,
diarrhea, dry mouth, liver
function test elevation,
metallic taste, nausea,
pancreatitis, polydipsia,
albuminuria, azotemia,
decreased libido, pruritus,
rash, gout, hypercalcemia,
hyperthermia, bone pain,
metastatic calcification, muscle
pain.
Abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, insomnia,
weakness, constipation,
diarrhea, dry mouth, nausea,
164
 ssris frequency of obsessive-
compulsive behaviors;
frequency and severity of
panic attacks and episodes
of anxiety; manifestations of
post-traumatic stress
disorder; symptoms of
premenstrual distress prior
to and during therapy.
Monitor CBC and differential
periodically during therapy.
Paroxetine mesylate/ antianxiety agents Monitor appetite and
Pexeva antidepressants nutritional intake; Weigh
selective serotonin weekly; mental status;
reuptake inhibitors suicidal tendencies;
ssris frequency of obsessive-
compulsive behaviors;
frequency and severity of
panic attacks and episodes
of anxiety; manifestations of
post-traumatic stress
disorder; symptoms of
premenstrual distress prior
to and during therapy.
Monitor CBC and differential
periodically during therapy.
Pegaptanib/ Macugen ocular agents Assess eye for signs of
vascular infection frequently during
endothelial growth week following injection.
factor antagonists Check perfusion of optic
nerve head immediately
after injection, use
tonometry to measure
intraocular pressure within
30 min following the
injection, and biomicroscopy
between 2 and 7 days
following injection.
Increases in intraocular
pressure have been seen
within 30 min of injection.
Pegaspargase/ antineoplastics Monitor for hypersensitivity
Oncaspar, reaction; development of
PEG-l-asparaginase enzymes bone marrow depression;
fever, sore throat, and signs
of infection; platelet count;
bleeding; increased fatigue,
dyspnea, and orthostatic
hypotension; signs of
pancreatitis; nausea,
vomiting, and appetite; and
weigh patient weekly during
therapy. Monitor CBC prior
to and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
serum amylase frequently to
Rev. 08/21/08
ejaculatory disturbance,
sweating, back pain, myalgia,
myopathy, paresthesia,
tremor, chills, fever, agitation,
amnesia, confusion, emotional
lability, blurred vision, rhinitis,
chest pain, edema,
hypertension, palpitations,
postural hypotension,
tachycardia, vasodilation,
dyspepsia, flatulence, pruritus,
rash.
Anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, insomnia,
weakness, constipation,
diarrhea, dry mouth, nausea,
ejaculatory disturbance,
sweating, back pain, myalgia,
myopathy, paresthesia,
tremor, chills, fever, agitation,
amnesia, confusion, emotional
lability, blurred vision, rhinitis,
chest pain, edema,
hypertension, palpitations,
postural hypotension,
tachycardia, vasodilation,
dyspepsia, flatulence, pruritus,
rash.
Cataract, blurred vision,
conjunctival bleeding,
irritation/pain, ↑ intraocular
pressure, ocular inflammation,
infection (rare), retinal
detachment (rare), traumatic
cataract formation (rare),
anaphylaxis, angioedema.
Seizures, headache, chills,
malaise, pancreatitis,
abdominal pain, abnormal liver
function tests, nausea,
anorexia, diarrhea, lip edema,
vomiting, jaundice,
hyperglycemia, peripheral
edema, ↓ fibrinogen,
disseminated intravascular
coagulation, hemolytic anemia,
increased thromboplastin,
leukopenia, pancytopenia,
arthralgia, thrombocytopenia,
injection site hypersensitivity,
injection site pain, thrombosis,
165
 detect pancreatitis. Monitor
blood glucose.
Pegfilgrastim/ colony stimulating Assess patient for bone pain
Neulasta factors and signs of ARDS
throughout therapy. Obtain
CBC and platelet count
before chemotherapy.
Monitor hematocrit and
platelet count regularly.
Peginterferon alfa-2a/ immune modifiers Assess patient for signs of
Pegasys interferons neuropsychiatric disorders;
signs of infection;
cardiovascular disorders;
pulmonary status; signs of
hypersensitivity reactions;
signs of colitis; pre-existing
diabetic or hypertensive
retinopathy; and skin
reactions periodically during
therapy. Monitor CBC with
platelet count prior to, 2
wks and 4 wks after
initiation of therapy. May
cause hemolytic anemia.
Monitor liver function tests,
uric acid and triglyceride
levels every 4 wks during
therapy. Monitor thyroid
stimulating hormone (TSH)
every 12 wks during
therapy. Monitor renal
function periodically during
therapy.
Peginterferon alfa-2B/ immune modifiers Assess patient for
Pegintron interferons development of flu-like
syndrome; mental status;
cardiac status; signs and
symptoms of ulcerative
colitis; signs of pancreatitis;
signs and symptoms of
hypersensitivity reactions
periodically during therapy.
Monitor serum HCV RNA
levels after 24 wks of
treatment. Monitor for CBC
and differential; and liver
function tests prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Pegvisomant/ hormones Assess patient for signs and
Somavert growth hormones symptoms of acromegaly;
signs and symptoms or
hepatitis or other liver injury
periodically during therapy.
Monitor serum IGF-1 levels
4–6 wk after therapy is
initiated or any dose
adjustments are made and
Rev. 08/21/08
myalgia, pain in extremities,
paresthesia, hypersensitivity
reactions, night sweats.
Adult respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS), splenic
rupture, sickle cell crisis,
leukocytosis, medullary bone
pain, allergic reaction including
anaphylaxis.
Neuropsychiatric reactions,
skin reactions (including
Stevens-Johnson syndrome
and exfoliative dermatitis),
decreased vision, optic
neuritis, papilledema, retinal
hemorrhage/cotton wool spots,
retinal vascular thrombosis,
retinopathy, MI, chest pain,
hypertension, supraventricular
arrhythmias, dyspnea,
interstitial pneumonitis,
pulmonary infiltrates, colitis,
pancreatitis, hyperglycemia,
hypoglycemia,
hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidism, bone marrow
depression,
development/exacerbation of
autoimmune disorders,
infections.
Anxiety, depression, dizziness,
fatigue, headache, insomnia,
pharyngitis, pulmonary
infiltrates/pneumonitis, colitis,
pancreatitis, abdominal pain,
anorexia, diarrhea, nausea,
alopecia, neutropenia, flu-like
syndrome, musculoskeletal
pain, thrombocytopenia,
injection site pain/reactions,
aggressive behavior, homicidal
ideation, dry skin, flushing,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever, rigors.
Hypertension, peripheral
edema, ↑ LFTs, back pain,
growth hormone deficiency, ↑
glucose tolerance,
lipohypertrophy.
166
 at least every 6 mo after
IGF-1 levels have
normalized. Monitor serum
glucose carefully in patients
with insulin-dependent
diabetes. Measure liver tests
at baseline.
Pemetrexed/ Alimta antineoplastics Monitor for rash;
antimetabolites hematologic and GI; bone
folate antagonists marrow depression;
bleeding; and neurotoxicity
during therapy. Monitor CBC
and platelet counts for nadir
and recovery, before each
dose and on days 8 and 15
of each cycle and chemistry
for renal and liver functions
periodically.
Penbutolol/ Levatol antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and
beta blockers pulse frequently; intake and
output ratios and daily
weight; orthostatic
hypotension; and evidence
of fluid overload during
dosage adjustment period
and periodically throughout
therapy.
Penciclovir/ Denavir antivirals (topical) Assess lesions prior to and
daily during therapy.
Penicillamine/ antidotes Monitor intake and output
Cuprimine, antirheumatics and daily weight; edema;
Depen (DMARD) allergic reactions; pain and
antiurolithics range of motion periodically
chelating agents during therapy. Arthritis:
Monitor 24-hr urinary
protein levels every 1–2 wk
in patients with moderate
proteinuria.
Penicillin G/ Pfizerpen anti-infectives Assess for infection;
penicillins reactions to penicillins,
cephalosporins, or other
beta-lactam antibiotics; and
signs and symptoms of
anaphylaxis at beginning of
and during therapy. Monitor
serum sodium
Rev. 08/21/08
Pharyngitis, chest pain,
constipation, nausea,
stomatitis, vomiting, anorexia,
diarrhea, esophagitis, mouth
pain, desquamation, rash,
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
neuropathy, fever, infection.
Fatigue, weakness,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
CHF, pulmonary edema,
erectile dysfunction, anxiety,
depression, dizziness,
drowsiness, insomnia, itching,
rashes, arthralgia, back pain,
muscle cramps, drug-induced
lupus syndrome.
Headache, application site
reactions.
Blurred vision, eye pain,
coughing, shortness of breath,
wheezing, altered taste,
anorexia, cholestatic jaundice,
diarrhea, drug-induced
pancreatitis, dyspepsia,
epigastric pain, hepatic
dysfunction, oral ulceration,
vomiting, proteinuria,
pemphigus, ecchymoses,
hives, itching, rashes,
wrinkling, aplastic anemia,
anemia, nausea, eosinophilia,
leukopenia, allergic reactions,
fever, thrombocytopenia,
thrombocytosis, arthralgia,
migratory polyarthritis,
myasthenia gravis syndrome,
Goodpasture’s syndrome,
systemic lupus
erythematosus–like syndrome.
Seizures, diarrhea, epigastric
distress, nausea, vomiting,
eosinophilia,
pseudomembranous colitis,
interstitial nephritis, rash,
urticaria, leucopenia, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and serum sickness,
167
 concentrations in patient
with hypertension or CHF.
Penicillin V/ Beepen- anti-infectives Assess for infection;
VK, Pen-Vee K, penicillins reactions to penicillins,
Veetids cephalosporins, or other
beta-lactam antibiotics; and
signs and symptoms of
anaphylaxis at beginning of
and during therapy.
Pentamidine/ antiprotozoals Assess patient for infection;
NebuPent, signs of hypoglycemia and
Pentam 300 hyperglycemia; pulse and
ECG and monitor respiratory
status at beginning of and
throughout therapy. Monitor
blood pressure frequently
during and following IM or
IV administration. Monitor
blood glucose
concentrations prior to, daily
during, and for several
months following therapy.
Monitor BUN and serum
creatinine prior to and daily
during therapy. Monitor CBC
and platelet count; serum
calcium and magnesium
concentrations prior to and
every 3 days during
therapy.
Pentazocine/ Talwin, opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
Talwin NX opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
antagonists 1 hr following PO, subcut, or
IM and 15–30 min (peak)
following IV administration.
Assess blood pressure,
pulse, and respirations;
analgesic history; falls risk;
and CNS effects before and
periodically during
administration.
Pentetate calcium radiation Obtain information
trisodium/ Ca-DTPA protectants regarding contamination
chelating agents with plutonium, americium,
or curium. Obtain baseline
CBC with differential, BUN,
serum chemistries and
electrolytes, urinalysis,
blood and urine radioassays.
Pentetate zinc radiation Obtain information
trisodium / protectants regarding contamination
Rev. 08/21/08
superinfection, pain at IM site,
phlebitis at IV site.
Seizures, diarrhea, epigastric
distress, nausea, vomiting,
eosinophilia,
pseudomembranous colitis,
interstitial nephritis, rash,
urticaria, leucopenia, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and serum sickness,
superinfection.
Anxiety, headache, confusion,
dizziness, hallucinations,
arrhythmias, hypotension,
pancreatitis, abdominal pain,
anorexia, drug-induced
hepatitis, nausea, unpleasant
metallic taste, vomiting, pallor,
rash, nephrotoxicity,
hypoglycemia, anemia,
hyperglycemia, chills,
hyperkalemia, fever,
hypocalcemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and stevens-johnson
syndrome. Inhalation—burning
in throat, bronchospasm,
cough.
IV—phlebitis, pruritus,
urticaria at IV site,
IM—sterile abscesses at IM
sites.
Dizziness, euphoria,
hallucinations, headache,
sedation, dysphoria, blurred
vision, diplopia, miosis,
respiratory depression,
hypertension, hypotension,
palpitations, nausea,
constipation, dry mouth,
urinary retention, sweating,
severe tissue damage at
subcut sites, physical and
psychological dependence,
tolerance.
Headache, lightheadedness,
chest pain, diarrhea, metallic
taste, nausea, depletion of
zinc, manganese, magnesium
(prolonged treatment),
injection site reactions, cough,
wheezing (inhalation only),
dermatitis, allergic reactions.
Lightheadedness, depletion of
manganese, magnesium,
168
Zn-DTPA chelating agents with plutonium, americium,
or curium. Obtain baseline
CBC with differential, BUN,
serum chemistries and
electrolytes, urinalysis,
blood and urine radioassays.
Pentobarbital/ anticonvulsants Monitor respiratory status,
Nembutal sedative/hypnotics pulse, and blood pressure;
barbiturates psychological or physical
dependence; pain; sleep
patterns; intracranial
pressure and level of
consciousness; location,
duration, and characteristics
of seizure activity at
beginning and throughout
therapy.
Pentostatin/ Nipent antineoplastics Monitor patient for CNS
enzyme inhibitors toxicity; intake and output
and renal function; allergic
reactions; bone marrow
depression; and bleeding at
beginning and throughout
therapy. Before initiating
therapy, assess renal
function by measuring
serum creatinine or CCr.
Serum creatinine; CBC with
differential and platelet
count; serum uric acid
should be measured before
each dose. Monitor
peripheral blood for hairy
cells periodically throughout
therapy.
Pentoxifylline/ Trental blood viscosity Assess patient for
reducing agent intermittent claudication
prior to and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
blood pressure periodically
in patients on concurrent
antihypertensive therapy.
Perindopril/Aceon antihypertensives Monitor BP, pulse, and signs
ace inhibitors of angioedema. Monitor
renal function.
Permethrin/Acticin, Pediculocides Assess scalp for presence of
Elimite, Nix lice and their ova (nits) prior
to and 1 wk after application
of permethrin. Assess skin
for scabies prior to and
Rev. 08/21/08
injection site reactions, cough,
wheezing (inhalation only).
Drowsiness, hangover,
lethargy, laryngospasm,
delirium, excitation, mental
depression, vertigo, rashes,
respiratory depression,
bronchospasm, urticaria,
hypotension, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
hypersensitivity reactions
including angioedema and
serum sickness.
CNS toxicity, fatigue, skin
rash, headache, weakness,
epistaxis, flatulence, dry skin,
keratoconjunctivitis,
pharyngitis, rhinitis, itching,
sinusitis, vision changes,
pulmonary toxicity, fever,
bronchitis, dyspnea, flu-like
syndrome, pneumonia, cough,
pulmonary edema, MI, angina
pectoris, weight loss, diarrhea,
arrhythmias, leukopenia,
constipation, thrombophlebitis,
anorexia, hepatotoxicity,
nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, stomatitis, renal toxicity,
anemia, thrombocytopenia,
arthralgia, myalgia, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Agitation, dizziness, flatus,
drowsiness, headache,
insomnia, nervousness,
blurred vision, dyspnea,
angina, arrhythmias, edema,
flushing, diarrhea,
hypotension, abdominal
discomfort, dyspepsia, nausea,
vomiting, tremor.
Dizziness, headache,
weakness, cough,
hypotension, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, impaired renal
function, rashes,
hyperkalemia, back pain,
angioedema.
Burning, itching, rash,
redness, stinging, swelling,
numbness, tingling.
169
 following therapy.
Perphenazine/ Trilafon antiemetics Assess patient's mental
antipsychotics status; fasting blood
(conventional) glucose, cholesterol level,
phenothiazines weight, and BMI; positive
(hallucinations, delusions,
agitation) and negative
(social withdrawal)
symptoms of schizophrenia;
blood pressure (sitting,
standing, lying), ECG, pulse,
and respiratory rate; fluid
intake and bowel function;
onset of akathisia and
extrapyramidal side effects;
tardive dyskinesia;
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome;
nausea and vomiting; intake
and output initially and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Phenazopyridine/ Azo- nonopioid Assess patient for urgency,
Standard, Baridium, analgesics frequency, and pain on
Geridium, Prodium, urinary tract urination prior to and
Pyridiate, Pyridium, analgesics throughout therapy. Renal
Pyridium Plus, function should be
Urodine, monitored periodically
Urogesic, UTI Relief during course of therapy.
Phenelzine/ Nardil antidepressants Assess mental status, mood
monamine oxidase changes, and anxiety level,
inhibitors suicidal tendencies; blood
pressure and pulse rate;
intake and output ratios and
daily weight; peripheral
edema and urinary retention
before and frequently during
therapy. Assess hepatic
function periodically during
prolonged or high-dose
therapy. Monitor serum
glucose closely in diabetic
patients.
Phenobarbital/ anticonvulsants Monitor respiratory status,
Luminal, sedative/hypnotics pulse, and blood pressure;
Solfoton barbiturates psychological or physical
dependence; location,
duration, and characteristics
of seizure activity; level of
consciousness and anxiety;
postoperative patients for
pain with a pain scale before
and frequently during
therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, extrapyramidal
reactions, sedation, tardive
dyskinesia, blurred vision, dry
eyes, lens opacities,
hypotension, tachycardia,
constipation, dry mouth,
anorexia, ileus, weight gain,
discoloration of urine, urinary
retention, photosensitivity,
pigment changes, rashes,
galactorrhea, amenorrhea,
agranulocytosis, leucopenia,
hyperthermia, allergic
reactions.
Headache, vertigo,
hepatotoxicity, nausea, bright-
orange urine, renal failure,
rash, hemolytic anemia,
methemoglobinemia.
Seizures, dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
hyperreflexia, insomnia,
tremor, twitching, weakness,
euphoria, paresthesia,
restlessness, blurred vision,
glaucoma, nystagmus,
hypertensive crisis, edema,
orthostatic hypotension,
constipation, dry mouth,
abdominal pain, liver function
test elevation, nausea,
vomiting, sexual dysfunction,
urinary retention, pruritis,
rashes, hypernatremia, weight
gain.
Hangover, delirium,
depression, drowsiness,
excitation, lethargy, vertigo,
respiratory depression,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, photosensitivity,
rashes, urticaria, phlebitis at
IV site, arthralgia, myalgia,
neuralgia, hypersensitivity
reactions including
angioedema and serum
sickness, physical dependence,
170

Phentermine/ weight control Monitor patients for weight
Adipex-P, Banobese, agents loss and adjust concurrent
Fastin, Ionamin, Obi- appetite medications
Nix, OBY-CAP, suppressants (antihypertensives,
Phentercot, Phentride, antidiabetics, lipid-lowering
T-Diet, Teramine, agents) as needed.
Zantryl
Phentolamine/Regitine agents Monitor blood pressure,
pheochromocytoma pulse, and ECG every 2 min
alpha adrenergic until stable during IV
blockers administration.
Phenylephrine/ Neo- vasopressors Monitor blood pressure
Synephrine adrenergics every 2–3 min until
stabilized and every 5 min
thereafter during IV
administration. Monitor ECG
continuously for arrhythmias
during IV administration.
Assess IV site frequently
throughout infusion.
Phenytoin/ Dilantin, antiarrhythmics Assess oral hygiene;
Phenytek (group IB) hypersensitivity syndrome;
anticonvulsants location, duration,
hydantoins frequency, and
characteristics of seizure
activity; EEG; blood
pressure, ECG, and
respiratory function; ECG at
beginning of and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
CBC, serum calcium,
albumin, and hepatic
function tests; serum folate
concentrations prior to and
monthly for the first several
months, then periodically
throughout therapy.
Phosphate/biphosphat laxatives (saline) Assess patient for fever,
e// abdominal distention,
Fleet Enema, Fleet presence of bowel sounds,
Phospho-Soda, Visicol and usual pattern of bowel
function; color, consistency,
and amount of stool
produced; underlying
Rev. 08/21/08
psychological dependence.
IV—laryngospasm,
bronchospasm, hypotension.
CNS stimulation, confusion,
dizziness, dysphoria, euphoria,
headache, insomnia, mental
depression, restlessness,
blurred vision, hypertension,
palpitations, tachycardia,
constipation, diarrhea, dry
mouth, nausea, unpleasant
taste, vomiting, changes in
libido, erectile dysfunction.
Cerebrovascular spasm,
dizziness, weakness, nasal
stuffiness, hypotension, MI,
angina, arrhythmias,
tachycardia, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
aggravation of peptic ulcer,
flushing.
Anxiety, dizziness, headache,
insomnia, nervousness,
restlessness, trembling,
weakness, dyspnea,
respiratory distress,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
chest pain, hypertension,
tachycardia, vasoconstriction,
blanching, pallor, piloerection,
sweating, phlebitis, sloughing
at IV sites, tremor.
Ataxia, agitation, confusion,
dizziness, drowsiness,
dysarthria, dyskinesia,
extrapyramidal syndrome,
headache, insomnia,
weakness, diplopia, fever,
nystagmus, hypotension,
tachycardia, gingival
hyperplasia, nausea,
constipation, drug-induced
hepatitis, vomiting,
hypertrichosis, rash, pruritus,
agranulocytosis, aplastic
anemia, leukopenia,
megaloblastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia,
osteomalacia, allergic
reactions including stevens-
johnson syndrome.
Arrhythmias, cramping,
nausea, colonic aphtous
ulcerations,
hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia,
sodium retention.
Visicol—dizziness, headache,
171
 cardiovascular disease,
renal disease, bowel
perforation, misuse or
overdose at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Physostigmine/ antidotes Monitor pulse, respiratory
Antilirium cholinergics rate, and blood pressure;
anticholinesterases neurologic status frequently
throughout parenteral
administration. Monitor ECG
during IV administration.
Phytonadione/ antidotes Monitor for frank and occult
AquaMEPHYTON, vitamins bleeding; pulse and blood
Mephyton, vitamin K fat soluble vitamins pressure; side effects and
adverse reactions at
beginning of and throughout
therapy. Monitor
prothrombin time (PT) prior
to and throughout vitamin K
therapy to determine
response to and need for
further therapy.
Pilocarpine cholinergics Assess oral mucosa for
(oral)/Salagen dryness and ulceration
periodically during therapy.
Pimecrolimus/ Elidel immunosuppressan Assess skin lesions prior to
ts and periodically during
(topical) therapy. Discontinue
therapy after signs and
symptoms of atopic
dermatitis have resolved.
Resume treatment at the
first signs and symptoms of
recurrence.
Pimozide/ Orap antipsychotics Assess patient for frequency
(conventional) of tics; positive
(hallucinations, delusions,
agitation) and negative
(social withdrawal)
symptoms of psychotic
disorder; weight and BMI;
blood pressure (sitting,
standing, lying) and ECG;
intake and output ratios and
daily weight; fluid intake
and bowel function; onset of
akathisia; extrapyramidal
side effects; tardive
dyskinesia; development of
neuroleptic malignant
syndrome prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Obtain EKG and serum
potassium levels; and
fasting blood glucose and
cholesterol levels initially
and throughout therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
abdominal bloating, abdominal
pain, vomiting.
Seizures, restlessness,
dizziness, bronchospasm,
bradycardia, hypotension,
abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, excess
salivation, rash.
Gastric upset, unusual taste,
flushing, rash, urticaria,
hemolytic anemia, erythema,
pain at injection site, swelling,
allergic reactions, kernicterus,
hyperbilirubinemia.
Nausea, vomiting, flushing,
sweating, edema, chills,
hypertension, tachycardia,
amblyopia, epistaxis.
Burning, increased risk of
lymphoma/skin cancer.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, mood/behavior
effects, weakness, drowsiness,
blurred vision, dry eyes,
arrhythmias, hypotension,
constipation, dry mouth,
decreased appetite, nausea,
vomiting, weight loss,
decreased libido, erectile
dysfunction, skin discoloration,
galactorrhea (women), blood
dyscrasias, akathisia,
parkinsonism, dystonic
reactions, tardive dyskinesia,
akinesia.
172
Pindolol/ Visken antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and
beta blockers pulse; orthostatic
hypotension; intake and
output ratios and daily
weight; evidence of fluid
overload; frequency and
characteristics of anginal
attacks at beginning of and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Pioglitazone/Actos antidiabetics (oral) Observe patient taking
thiazolidinediones concurrent insulin for signs
and symptoms of
hypoglycemic reactions.
Monitor serum glucose and
Hb A1c periodically during
therapy to evaluate
effectiveness.
Pipecuronium/ Arduan neuromuscular Assess respiratory status,
blocking agents ECG, heart rate, and blood
nondepolarizing pressure; and infusion site
throughout therapy.
Observe the patient for
residual muscle weakness
and respiratory distress
during the recovery period.
Piperacillin/tazobacta anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
m// Zosyn extended spectrum previous use of and
penicillins reactions to penicillins or
cephalosporins; and signs
and symptoms of
anaphylaxis at beginning of
and during therapy.
Evaluate renal and hepatic
function, CBC, serum
potassium, and bleeding
times prior to and routinely
during therapy.
Pirbuterol/ Maxair bronchodilators Assess lung sounds, pulse,
adrenergics and blood pressure;
pulmonary function tests;
and paradoxical
bronchospasm before
initiating therapy and
periodically throughout.
Observe patient for drug
tolerance and rebound
bronchospasm.
Piroxicam/ Feldene antirheumatics Monitor for rhinitis, asthma,
nonsteroidal anti and urticaria;
inflammatory hypersensitivity reactions at
agents beginning of and during
therapy. Assess pain and
range of motion prior to and
1–2 hr following
administration. Monitor liver
function tests periodically
Rev. 08/21/08
Fatigue, weakness, anxiety,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
CHF, pulmonary edema,
erectile dysfunction, dry eyes,
bronchospasm, wheezing,
arthralgia, back pain, muscle
cramps, drug-induced lupus
syndrome, depression,
dizziness, nasal stuffiness,
itching, rashes.
Edema, hepatitis, ↑ liver
enzymes, anemia, fractures
(arm, hand, foot) in female
patients.
Bronchospasm, arrhythmias,
hypotension, hypertension,
tachycardia, excessive
salivation, rash, skin flushing,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Seizures, dizziness,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, constipation, drug-
induced hepatitis, nausea,
vomiting, interstitial nephritis,
rashes, urticaria, bleeding,
leukopenia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, pain,
phlebitis at IV site,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis and
serum sickness, fever,
superinfection.
Nervousness, restlessness,
tremor, headache, insomnia,
paradoxical bronchospasm,
angina, arrhythmias,
hypertension, tachycardia,
nausea, vomiting,
hyperglycemia.
Drowsiness, headache,
tinnitus, edema, drug-induced
hepatitis, GI bleeding,
discomfort, dyspepsia, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia,
constipation, diarrhea,
flatulence, renal failure,
exfoliative dermatitis, stevens-
johnson syndrome, toxic
173
 during therapy. Monitor epidermal necrolysis, rashes,
BUN, serum creatinine, and blood dyscrasias, prolonged
electrolytes periodically bleeding time, allergic
during therapy. reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Plasma protein volume expanders Monitor vital signs, CVP, Headache, hypotension,
fraction/ blood products pulmonary capillary wedge tachycardia, vascular overload,
Plasmanate, Plasma- pressure (PCWP), and intake excess salivation, nausea,
Plex, and output; signs of vomiting, erythema, urticaria,
Plasmatein, Protenate vascular overload; increased back pain, infection, chills,
bleeding before and fever, flushing.
frequently throughout
therapy. Monitor
hemoglobin, hematocrit,
serum protein, and
electrolytes throughout
therapy.
Plerixafor/ Mozobil hematopoietic stem Assess for splenic Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
cell mobilizers enlargement and potential insomnia, splenic rupture,
rupture (left upper diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain and/or abdominal distention/pain, dry
scapular or shoulder pain) mouth, constipation,
periodically during therapy. dyspepsia, erythema,
Monitor WBC and platelets sweating, leukemia/tumor cell
during therapy. mobilization, injection site
reactions, oral hypoesthesia.
Polycarbophil/ Bulk antidiarrheals Assess for fever, nausea, Abdominal fullness.
Forming Fiber laxatives vomiting, abdominal
Laxative, bulk forming distention, and pain. Inquire
Equalactin, FiberCon, agents about patient's usual diet,
Fiber-Lax, Konsyl fluid intake, activity level,
Fiber, and bowel function. Monitor
Mitrolan for color, consistency, and
amount of stool produced.
Monitor for signs of
dehydration.
Polyethylene glycol/ Osmotic, laxative Assess patient for abdominal abdominal bloating, cramping,
Miralax distention, presence of flatulence, nausea
bowel sounds, and usual
pattern of bowel function,
color, consistency, and
amount of stool produced
Polyethylene glycol/ Osmotic, laxative Assess patient for abdominal Abdominal fullness, diarrhea,
electrolyte// distention, presence of bloating, cramps, nausea,
Colovage, bowel sounds, and usual vomiting, allergic reactions
Colyte, GoLYTELY, pattern of bowel function;
NuLytely, OCL, and color, consistency, and
Peglyte, amount of stool produced
TriLyte during therapy. Monitor
semiconscious or
unconscious patients closely
for regurgitation when
administering via NG tube.
Porfimer/ Photofrin antineoplastics Assess patient for Insomnia, dyspnea, chest
photosensitizers substernal chest pain after pain, mucositis reaction,
therapy. Before each new pharyngitis, heart failure,
course of therapy, the pleural effusion, anemia,
patient should be examined pneumonia, respiratory

174
Rev. 08/21/08
 for either
bronchoesophageal or
tracheoesophageal fistula.
Posaconazole/ Noxafil antifungals Assess for signs and
triazoles symptoms of fungal
infection. Monitor liver
function tests prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Potassium acetate mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and
replacements symptoms of hypokalemia
supplements and hyperkalemia; pulse,
blood pressure, and ECG
periodically during IV
therapy. Monitor serum
potassium before and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor renal function,
serum bicarbonate, and pH.
Potassium acid antiurolithics Monitor intake and output
phosphate/ K-Phos ratios and daily weight.
Original Report significant
discrepancies. Monitor
serum phosphate,
potassium, and calcium
levels prior to and
periodically throughout
therapy. Monitor renal
function prior to and
periodically throughout
course of therapy. Monitor
urinary pH when using as a
urinary acidifier.
Potassium and sodium antiurolithics Assess patient for signs and
phosphates/ K-Phos mineral electrolyte symptoms of hypokalemia
M.F, replacements and hypophosphatemia
K-Phos Neutral, K- supplements throughout therapy. Monitor
Phos intake and output ratios and
No. 2, Neutra-Phos, daily weight. Monitor serum
Uro- phosphate, potassium,
KP Neutral sodium, and calcium levels
prior to and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
renal function studies prior
to and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
urinary pH in patients
receiving potassium and
sodium phosphate as a
urinary acidifier.
Potassium mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and
bicarbonate/ replacements symptoms of hypokalemia
K+Care ET, K- supplements and hyperkalemia during
Electrolyte, therapy. Monitor serum
K-Ide, Klor-Con/EF, K- potassium before and
Lyte, K-Vescent periodically during therapy.
Monitor renal function,
Rev. 08/21/08
insufficiency, abdominal pain,
constipation, nausea,
vomiting, photosensitivity,
fever, pain, esophageal
rupture, GI bleeding.
Hepatocellular damage,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
adrenal insufficiency, allergic
reactions.
Confusion, restlessness,
weakness, arrhythmias, ECG
changes, irritation at IV site,
paralysis, paresthesia.
Confusion, listlessness,
weakness, arrhythmias,
cardiac arrest, ECG changes,
hypotension, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,
vomiting, hyperkalemia,
hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia,
hypomagnesemia, muscle
cramps, tremors, flaccid
paralysis, heaviness of legs,
paresthesias.
Hyperkalemia — arrhythmias,
bradycardia, ECG changes.
Confusion, dizziness,
headache, weakness,
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest,
bradycardia, ECG changes,
edema, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, nausea, vomiting,
hyperkalemia, hypernatremia,
hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia,
hypomagnesemia, muscle
cramps, flaccid paralysis,
heaviness of legs,
paresthesias, tremors.
Confusion, restlessness,
weakness, arrhythmias, ECG
changes, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,
vomiting, paralysis,
paresthesia.
Tablets, capsules only—GI
175
 serum bicarbonate, and pH. ulceration, stenotic lesions.

Potassium mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and Confusion, restlessness,

bicarbonate/ replacements symptoms of hypokalemia weakness, arrhythmias, ECG
potassium chloride// supplements and hyperkalemia during changes, abdominal pain,
K-Dur therapy. Monitor serum diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,
Lyte/Cl potassium before and vomiting, paralysis,
periodically during therapy. paresthesia.
Monitor renal function, Tablets, capsules only—GI
serum bicarbonate, and pH. ulceration, stenotic lesions.
Potassium mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and Confusion, restlessness,
bicarbonate/ replacements symptoms of hypokalemia weakness, arrhythmias, ECG
potassium citrate// supplements and hyperkalemia during changes, abdominal pain,
Effer-K, K-Lyte DS therapy. Monitor serum diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,
potassium before and vomiting, paralysis,
periodically during therapy. paresthesia.
Monitor renal function, Tablets, capsules only—GI
serum bicarbonate, and pH. ulceration, stenotic lesions.
Potassium chloride mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and Confusion, restlessness,
replacements symptoms of hypokalemia weakness, arrhythmias, ECG
supplements and hyperkalemia; pulse, changes, irritation at IV site,
blood pressure, and ECG paralysis, paresthesia.
periodically during IV
therapy. Monitor serum
potassium before and
periodically during therapy.
Potassium chloride mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and Confusion, restlessness,
(oral)/ replacements symptoms of hypokalemia weakness, arrhythmias, ECG
Cena-K, Gen-K, K+ supplements and hyperkalemia during changes, abdominal pain,
Care, therapy. Monitor serum diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,
K+ 10, Kaochlor, potassium before and vomiting, paralysis,
Kaochlor S-F, Kaon- periodically during therapy. paresthesia.
Cl, Monitor renal function, Tablets, capsules only—GI
Kay Ciel, KCl, K-Dur, serum bicarbonate, and pH. ulceration, stenotic lesions.
K-
Lease, K-Lor, Klor-
Con,
Klorvess Liquid,
Klotrix,
K-Lyte/Cl Powder, K-
Med,
K-Norm, K-Sol, K-Tab,
Micro-K, Micro-K
ExtenCaps, Micro-LS,
Potasalan, Roychlor,
Rum-K, Slow-K, Ten-K
Potassium chloride/ mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and Confusion, restlessness,
Potassium replacements symptoms of hypokalemia weakness, arrhythmias, ECG
bicarbonate/ supplements and hyperkalemia during changes, abdominal pain,
Potassium citrate// therapy. Monitor serum diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,
Kaochlor Eff potassium before and vomiting, paralysis,
periodically during therapy. paresthesia.
Monitor renal function, Tablets, capsules only—GI
serum bicarbonate, and pH. ulceration, stenotic lesions.
Potassium gluconate/ mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and Confusion, restlessness,
Kaon, Kaylixir, K-G replacements symptoms of hypokalemia weakness, arrhythmias, ECG
Elixir supplements and hyperkalemia during changes, abdominal pain,
therapy. Monitor serum diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,

176
Rev. 08/21/08
 potassium before and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor renal function,
serum bicarbonate, and pH.
Potassium gluconate/ mineral electrolyte Assess for signs and
Potassium chloride// replacements symptoms of hypokalemia
Kolyum supplements and hyperkalemia during
therapy. Monitor serum
potassium before and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor renal function,
serum bicarbonate, and pH.
Potassium iodide/ antithyroid agents Assess for signs and
Pima, iodine containing symptoms of iodism;
SSKI, ThyroSafe, agents symptoms of
ThyroShield hyperthyroidism; and
hypersensitivity reaction
before and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
thyroid function before and
periodically during therapy.
Potassium phosphate/ mineral electrolyte Assess patient for signs and
Neutra-Phos-K replacements symptoms of hypokalemia
supplements and hypophosphatemia;
pulse, blood pressure, and
ECG; intake and output
ratios and daily weight prior
to and periodically
throughout IV therapy.
Monitor serum phosphate,
potassium, and calcium
levels; and renal function
prior to and periodically
throughout therapy.
Pralidoxime/ antidotes Monitor neuromuscular
Protopam cholinesterase status; respirations, pulse,
reactivators and blood pressure before
and periodically throughout
therapy. Determine type of
insecticide and time of
patient's exposure. Therapy
should begin as soon as
possible within 24 hr.
Pramipexole/ Mirapex antiparkinson Assess patient for confusion
agents or hallucinations; ECG and
dopamine agonists blood pressure; drowsiness
and sleep attacks; signs and
symptoms of Parkinson's
disease; sleep patterns and
frequency of restless leg
disturbances before and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Pramlintide/ Symlin antidiabetics Assess hemoglobin A1c,
hormones recent blood glucose
Rev. 08/21/08
vomiting, paralysis,
paresthesia.
Tablets, capsules only—GI
ulceration, stenotic lesions.
Confusion, restlessness,
weakness, arrhythmias, ECG
changes, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, flatulence, nausea,
vomiting, paralysis,
paresthesia.
Tablets, capsules only—GI
ulceration, stenotic lesions.
Confusion, weakness, GI
bleeding, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, acneiform eruptions,
hypothyroidism, goiter,
hyperthyroidism,
hyperkalemia, tingling, joint
pain, hypersensitivity, iodism.
Confusion, listlessness,
weakness, arrhythmias,
cardiac arrest, ECG changes,
hypotension, bradycardia,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
flatulence, nausea, vomiting,
hyperkalemia,
hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia,
hypomagnesemia, irritation at
IV site, phlebitis, muscle
cramps, tremors, flaccid
paralysis, heaviness of legs,
paresthesias.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, blurred vision,
diplopia, rash, impaired
accommodation, nausea,
laryngospasm, muscle
weakness, hyperventilation,
tachycardia, pain at injection
site, muscle rigidity,
neuromuscular blockade.
Sleep attacks, amnesia,
dizziness, drowsiness,
hallucinations, weakness,
confusion, dyskinesia,
extrapyramidal syndrome,
headache, insomnia, postural
hypotension, constipation, dry
mouth, dyspepsia, nausea,
tooth disease, urinary
frequency, leg cramps,
hypertonia,
unsteadiness/falling.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
cough, nausea, abdominal
177
 monitoring data, history of
insulin-induced
hypoglycemia, current
insulin regimen, and body
weight prior to initiation of
therapy. Assess for signs
and symptoms of
hypoglycemia, occurs within
3 hr of injection. Monitor
blood glucose frequently,
including pre- and post-
meals and at bedtime.
Pramoxine/Fleet anesthetics topical Assess type, location, and
Relief, ProctoFoam local intensity of pain before and
NS, Tronolane, a few minutes after
Tronothane administration of anesthetic.
Assess integrity of involved
skin and mucous
membranes before and
periodically throughout
course of therapy.
Pravastatin/ Pravachol lipid-lowering Obtain a diet history,
agents especially with regard to fat
hmg coa reductase consumption. Obtain a diet
inhibitors history, especially with
statins regard to fat consumption.
Monitor liver function tests,
including AST, prior to, at
6–12 wk after initiation of
therapy or after dose
elevation, and then every 6
mo.
Prazosin/ Minipress antihypertensives Monitor intake and output
peripherally acting ratios and daily weight and
antiadrenergics assess for edema daily;
blood pressure and pulse
frequently; urinary
symptoms at beginning and
throughout therapy.
Prednicarbate/ anti inflammatories Assess affected skin prior to
Dermatop steroidal and daily during therapy.
immune modifiers Note degree of inflammation
corticosteroids and pruritus. Periodic
topical adrenal function tests may
be ordered to assess for
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
topical therapy if suspected.
Prednisolone/ Flo- anti inflammatories Assess patient for signs of
Pred, steroidal adrenal insufficiency; intake
Orapred, Pediapred, (intermediate- and output ratios and daily
Prelone acting) weights; peripheral edema,
immune modifiers steady weight gain,
rales/crackles, or dyspnea
prior to and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
serum electrolytes and
Rev. 08/21/08
pain, anorexia, vomiting,
hypoglycemia, local allergy,
arthralgia, injection site
reactions, systemic allergic
reactions.
Mucosal use—decreased or
absent gag reflex.
Topical use—burning, edema,
irritation, stinging, tenderness,
urticaria.
Allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Dizziness, headache, rhinitis,
bronchitis, chest pain,
peripheral edema, abdominal
cramps, rashes, constipation,
diarrhea, flatus, heartburn,
altered taste, dyspepsia,
elevated liver enzymes,
nausea, pancreatitis, pruritus,
rhabdomyolysis, arthralgia,
arthritis, myalgia, myositis,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Dizziness, headache,
weakness, first-dose
orthostatic hypotension,
palpitations, angina, edema,
abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
dry mouth, nausea, vomiting,
erectile dysfunction, priapism.
Allergic contact dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, pruritis,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, adrenal
suppression
Depression, euphoria,
increased intracranial
pressure, restlessness,
cataracts, increased
intraocular pressure,
hypertension, peptic
ulceration, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, acne, decreased
wound healing, ecchymoses,
178
 glucose. Periodic adrenal
function tests may be
ordered to assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal axis suppression in
systemic and chronic topical
therapy.
Prednisone/ Sterapred anti inflammatories Assess patient for signs of
steroidal adrenal insufficiency; intake
(intermediate and output ratios and daily
acting) weights; peripheral edema,
immune modifiers steady weight gain,
rales/crackles, or dyspnea
before and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
serum electrolytes and
glucose. Periodic adrenal
function tests may be
ordered to assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal axis suppression in
systemic and chronic topical
therapy.
Pregabalin/ Lyrica analgesics Assess location,
anticonvulsants characteristics, and intensity
gamma of pain periodically during
aminobutyric acid therapy. Assess location,
gaba analogues duration, and characteristics
nonopioid of seizure activity.
analgesics
Primidone/ Myidone, anticonvulsants Assess location, duration,
Mysoline frequency, and
characteristics of seizure
activity; allergy to
Phenobarbital; signs of folic
acid deficiency at beginning
of and during therapy. CBC
and sequential multiple
analysis–12 (SMA-12) tests
should be monitored every 6
mo throughout course of
therapy. Monitor serum
folate concentrations
periodically during therapy.
Probenecid/ Probalan antigout agents Assess involved joints for
uricosurics pain, mobility, and edema
throughout course of
therapy. Monitor intake and
output ratios. CBC, serum
uric acid levels, and renal
function should be
monitored routinely during
long-term therapy. Serum
and urine uric acid
determinations may be
measured periodically when
Rev. 08/21/08
fragility, hirsutism, petechiae,
adrenal suppression, fluid
retention, hypokalemia,
hypokalemic alkalosis,
thromboembolism, weight
gain, weight loss, muscle
wasting, osteoporosis, aseptic
necrosis of joints, muscle pain.
Depression, euphoria,
increased intracranial
pressure, increased intraocular
pressure, hypertension, peptic
ulceration, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, acne, decreased
wound healing, ecchymoses,
fragility, hirsutism, petechiae,
adrenal suppression, fluid
retention, weight gain,
thromboembolism, weight
loss, thrombophlebitis, muscle
wasting, muscle pain,
osteoporosis, cushingoid
appearance, increased
susceptibility to infection.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
impaired attention/
concentration/thinking,
edema, blurred vision, dry
mouth, constipation, ↑
appetite, vomiting, ↓ platelet
count, weight gain, allergic
reactions, fever.
Ataxia, drowsiness, vertigo,
excitement, visual changes,
dyspnea, edema, orthostatic
hypotension, anorexia, drug-
induced hepatitis, nausea,
vomiting, alopecia, rash, blood
dyscrasias, megaloblastic
anemia, folic acid deficiency.
Headache, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, drug-induced
hepatitis, sore gums, uric acid
stones, urinary frequency,
flushing, rashes, aplastic
anemia, anemia.
179
 probenecid is used to treat
hyperuricemia.
Procainamide/ antiarrhythmics Monitor ECG, pulse, and
Pronestyl (class IA) blood pressure continuously
throughout IV
administration. Monitor CBC
every 2 wk during the first 3
mo of therapy. Monitor ANA
periodically during
prolonged therapy or if
symptoms of lupus-like
reaction occur.
Procaine penicillin G/ anti-infectives Assess for infection;
Wycillin penicillins reactions to penicillins,
cephalosporins, or other
beta-lactam antibiotics; and
signs and symptoms of
anaphylaxis at beginning of
and during therapy. Monitor
serum sodium
concentrations in patient
with hypertension or CHF.
Procarbazine/ antineoplastics Monitor blood pressure,
Matulane alkylating agents pulse, and respiratory rate;
nutritional status; bone
marrow depression;
bleeding; Signs and
symptoms of hypertensive
crisis during therapy.
Monitor hemoglobin,
hematocrit, WBC,
differential, reticulocytes,
and platelet count prior to
and every 3–4 days during
therapy. Monitor urinalysis,
AST, ALT, alkaline
phosphatase, and BUN at
least weekly during therapy.
Prochlorperazine/ antiemetics Monitor blood pressure
Compazine, Ultrazine antipsychotics (sitting, standing, lying
phenothiazines down), ECG, pulse, and
respiratory rate; level of
sedation; onset of akathisia
and extrapyramidal side
effects; tardive dyskinesia;
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome; fluid
intake and bowel function;
degree and manifestations
of anxiety and mental status
before and frequently during
therapy. Assess patient for
nausea and vomiting before
and 30–60 min after
administration.
Progesterone/ hormones Monitor intake and output
Crinone, progestins ratios and weekly weight;
Endometrin, BP; usual menstrual history;
Rev. 08/21/08
Seizures, confusion, dizziness,
asystole, heart block,
ventricular arrhythmias,
hypotension, diarrhea,
anorexia, bitter taste, nausea,
vomiting, rashes,
agranulocytosis, eosinophilia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
chills, drug-induced systemic
lupus syndrome, fever.
Seizures, diarrhea, epigastric
distress, nausea, vomiting,
eosinophilia,
pseudomembranous colitis,
interstitial nephritis, rash,
urticaria, leucopenia, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and serum sickness,
superinfection, pain at IM site,
phlebitis at IV site.
Seizures, confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, hallucinations,
headache, mania, mental
depression, nightmares,
psychosis, syncope, tremor,
nystagmus, photophobia,
retinal hemorrhage, cough,
pleural effusions, edema,
hypotension, tachycardia,
nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
dysphagia, hepatic
dysfunction, stomatitis,
gonadal suppression, alopecia,
gynecomastia, anemia,
neuropathy, paresthesia,
ascites, secondary malignancy.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, extrapyramidal
reactions, sedation, tardive
dyskinesia, blurred vision, dry
eyes, lens opacities, ECG
changes, hypotension,
tachycardia, constipation, dry
mouth, anorexia, drug-induced
hepatitis, ileus, pink or
reddish-brown discoloration of
urine, urinary retention,
photosensitivity, pigment
changes, rashes, galactorrhea,
agranulocytosis, leucopenia,
hyperthermia, allergic
reactions.
Depression, pulmonary
embolism, changes in
menstrual flow, weight gain,
180
 Prochieve, pattern and amount of
Prometrium vaginal bleeding before and
throughout therapy. Monitor
hepatic function before and
periodically during therapy.
Promethazine/ antiemetics Monitor blood pressure,
Antinaus, antihistamines pulse, and respiratory rate;
Pentazine, Phenadoz, sedative/hypnotics level of sedation; onset of
Phenergan, Promacot, phenothiazines extrapyramidal side effects;
Promet, Prorex adverse anticholinergic
effects; allergy symptoms;
nausea and vomiting before
and periodically throughout
course of therapy. If
administered IV, assess for
burning and pain at IV site;
may cause severe tissue
injury. CBC should be
evaluated periodically during
chronic therapy.
Propafenone/ Rythmol antiarrhythmics Monitor ECG or use Holter
(class IC) monitor; blood pressure and
pulse; intake and output
ratios and daily weight;
signs of CHF prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor prothrombin level in
patients taking warfarin;
may ↑ effects of warfarin
Propantheline/ Pro- antiulcer agents Assess for abdominal pain
Banthine anticholinergics prior to and periodically
antimuscarinics throughout therapy.
Antagonizes effects of
pentagastrin and histamine
during gastric acid secretion
test. Avoid administration
for 24 hr preceding the test.
Propofol/ Diprivan general anesthetics Assess respiratory status,
pulse, and blood pressure
continuously throughout
propofol therapy. Assess
level of sedation and level of
consciousness throughout
and following
administration. Assess level
of sedation and level of
consciousness throughout
and following
administration. Monitor for
propofol infusion syndrome.
Propoxyphene opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
hydrochloride/ Darvon opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
2 hr (peak) following
administration. Assess blood
pressure, pulse, and
respirations; bowel function;
Rev. 08/21/08
thromboembolism, cervical
erosions, chloasma, rashes,
melasma, breast tenderness,
amenorrhea, edema, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and angioedema, weight loss.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, confusion,
disorientation, sedation,
dizziness, extrapyramidal
reactions, fatigue, insomnia,
nervousness, blurred vision,
diplopia, tinnitus, bradycardia,
hypertension, hypotension,
tachycardia, constipation,
drug-induced hepatitis, dry
mouth, photosensitivity,
severe tissue necrosis upon
infiltration at IV site, rashes,
blood dyscrasias.
Dizziness, shaking, weakness,
blurred vision, supraventricular
arrhythmia, ventricular
arrhythmias, conduction
disturbances, angina,
bradycardia, hypotension,
altered taste, constipation,
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
dry mouth, rash, joint pain.
Confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, excitement,
blurred vision, mydriasis,
photophobia, tachycardia,
orthostatic hypotension,
palpitations, constipation, dry
mouth, rash, urinary
hesitancy, urinary retention,
decreased sweating.
Dizziness, headache, apnea,
cough, bradycardia,
hypotension, hypertension,
abdominal cramping, hiccups,
nausea, vomiting, flushing,
burning, pain, stinging,
coldness, numbness, tingling
at IV site, involuntary muscle
movements, perioperative
myoclonia, discoloration of
urine (green), propofol
infusion syndrome, fever.
Dizziness, weakness,
dysphoria, euphoria,
headache, insomnia,
paradoxical excitement,
sedation, blurred vision,
hypotension, nausea,
181
 CNS effects before and
periodically during therapy.
Propoxyphene opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
hydrochloride/ opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
acetaminophen// opioid agonists 2 hr (peak) following
Wygesic nonopioid analgesic administration. Assess blood
combinations pressure, pulse, and
respirations; bowel function;
CNS effects before and
periodically during therapy.
Propoxyphene opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
hydrochloride/aspirin/ opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
caffeine// Darvon opioid agonists 2 hr (peak) following
Compound-65 nonopioid analgesic administration. Assess blood
combinations pressure, pulse, and
respirations; bowel function;
CNS effects before and
periodically during therapy.
Propoxyphene opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
napsylate/ opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
Darvon N 2 hr (peak) following
administration. Assess blood
pressure, pulse, and
respirations; bowel function;
CNS effects before and
periodically during therapy.
Propoxyphene opioid analgesics Assess type, location, and
napsylate/ opioid agonists intensity of pain prior to and
acetaminophen// opioid agonists 2 hr (peak) following
Darvon nonopioid analgesic administration. Assess blood
A500, Darvocet-N 50, combinations pressure, pulse, and
Darvocet-N 100 respirations; bowel function;
CNS effects before and
periodically during therapy.
Propranolol/ Inderal, antianginals Monitor blood pressure and
Inderal LA, InnoPran antiarrhythmics pulse; ECG monitoring and
XL (Class II) may have pulmonary
antihypertensives capillary wedge pressure
vascular headache (PCWP) or central venous
suppressants pressure (CVP); orthostatic
beta blockers hypotension; intake and
output ratios and daily
weight; evidence of fluid
overload; frequency and
characteristics of anginal
attacks; frequency, severity,
characteristics, and location
of vascular headaches
Rev. 08/21/08
abdominal pain, rash,
constipation, vomiting,
physical or psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Dizziness, weakness,
dysphoria, euphoria,
headache, insomnia,
paradoxical excitement,
sedation, blurred vision,
hypotension, nausea,
abdominal pain, rash,
constipation, vomiting,
physical or psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Dizziness, weakness,
dysphoria, euphoria,
headache, insomnia,
paradoxical excitement,
sedation, blurred vision,
hypotension, nausea,
abdominal pain, rash,
constipation, vomiting,
physical or psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Dizziness, weakness,
dysphoria, euphoria,
headache, insomnia,
paradoxical excitement,
sedation, blurred vision,
hypotension, nausea,
abdominal pain, rash,
constipation, vomiting,
physical or psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Dizziness, weakness,
dysphoria, euphoria,
headache, insomnia,
paradoxical excitement,
sedation, blurred vision,
hypotension, nausea,
abdominal pain, rash,
constipation, vomiting,
physical or psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Fatigue, weakness, anxiety,
dizziness, drowsiness,
insomnia, memory loss,
mental depression, mental
status changes, nervousness,
nightmares, blurred vision, dry
eyes, nasal stuffiness,
bronchospasm, wheezing,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
CHF, pulmonary edema,
orthostatic hypotension,
peripheral vasoconstriction,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
erectile dysfunction, decreased
182
 before and periodically libido, itching, rashes,
during therapy. Abrupt hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia,
withdrawal of propranolol arthralgia, back pain, muscle
may precipitate life- cramps, paresthesia, drug-
threatening arrhythmias, induced lupus syndrome.
hypertension, or myocardial
ischemia. Drug should be
tapered over a 2 week
period before
discontinuation. Assess
patient carefully during
tapering and after
medication is discontinued.
Propylthiouracil/ PTU antithyroid agents Monitor response of Drowsiness, headache,
symptoms of vertigo, nausea, vomiting,
hyperthyroidism or diarrhea, drug-induced
thyrotoxicosis; development hepatitis, loss of taste, rash,
of hypothyroidism; skin rash skin discoloration, urticaria,
or swelling of cervical lymph hypothyroidism,
nodes prior to and during agranulocytosis, leukopenia,
therapy. arthralgia, thrombocytopenia,
fever, lymphadenopathy,
parotitis.
Protamine sulfate antidotes Assess for bleeding and Dyspnea, bradycardia,
antiheparins hemorrhage; allergy to fish hypertension, hypotension,
(salmon), previous reaction pulmonary hypertension,
to or use of protamine nausea, vomiting, flushing,
insulin or protamine sulfate; warmth, bleeding, back pain,
signs and symptoms of hypersensitivity reactions
hypersensitivity reaction including anaphylaxis,
prior to and during therapy. angioedema, and pulmonary
Assess for hypovolemia edema.
before initiation of therapy.
Monitor clotting factors,
activated clotting time
(ACT), activated partial
thromboplastin time (aPTT),
and thrombin time (TT) 5–
15 min after therapy and
again as necessary.
Prussian blue antidotes Assess patient for signs of Constipation, hypokalemia.
(insoluble)/ radiation radiation toxicity. Measure
ferric (III) protectants and record radioactivity
hexacyanoferrate (II), insoluble complex counts in urine and fecal
Radiogardase samples at baseline and
weekly to monitor 137Cs
elimination rate. Monitor
CBC, serum chemistry and
electrolytes closely during
therapy.
Pseudoephedrine/ allergy, cold and Assess congestion, pulse Seizures, anxiety,
Cenafed, Congestaid, cough remedies and blood pressure; lung nervousness, dizziness,
Decofed, Dimetapp nasal drying agents sounds and character of drowsiness, excitability, fear,
Maximum Strength decongestants bronchial secretions before hallucinations, headache,
12– and periodically during insomnia, restlessness,
Hour Non-Drowsy therapy. Maintain fluid weakness, respiratory
Extentabs, Dimetapp intake of 1500–2000 ml/day difficulty, cardiovascular
Decongestant to decrease viscosity of collapse, palpitations,

183
Rev. 08/21/08
 Pediatric, secretions. hypertension, tachycardia,
Drixoral 12 Hour Non- anorexia, dry mouth, dysuria,
Drowsy Formula, diaphoresis.
Efidac
24, Genafed, Halofed,
Kid
Kare, Medi-First Sinus
Decongestant,
PediaCare
Infants' Decongestant
Drops, Pediatric Nasal
Decongestant, Simply
Stuffy, Sinustop,
Silfedrine, Sudafed,
Sudafed Childrens's
Non-
Drowsy, Sudafed 12
Hour, Sudafed Non-
Drowsy Maximum
Strength, Sudodrin,
Triaminic Allergy
Congestion Softchews,
Unifed
Psyllium/ Alramucil, laxatives Assess patient for abdominal Bronchospasm, cramps,
Cillium, Effer-Syllium, bulk forming distention, presence of intestinal or esophageal
Fiberall, Fibrepur, agents bowel sounds, and usual obstruction, nausea, vomiting.
Hydrocil, Konsyl, pattern of bowel function.
Metamucil, Modane Assess color, consistency,
Bulk, and amount of stool
Mylanta Natural Fiber produced.
Supplement, Naturacil
Caramels, Perdiem,
Pro-
Lax, Reguloid Natural,
Serutan, Siblin,
Syllact,
Vitalax, V-Lax
Pyridostigmine/Mestin antimyasthenics Assess pulse, respiratory Seizures, dizziness, weakness,
on, cholinergics rate, and blood pressure; lacrimation, miosis,
Mestinon Timespan, overdose, underdose, or bronchospasm, excessive
Regonol resistance prior to and secretions, bradycardia,
during therapy. Assess hypotension, abdominal
neuromuscular status, cramps, diarrhea, excessive
including vital capacity, salivation, nausea, vomiting,
ptosis, diplopia, chewing, sweating, rashes.
swallowing, hand grasp, and
gait before administering
and at peak effect.
Pyridoxine/ Beesix, vitamins Assess patient for signs of Sensory neuropathy,
Doxine, Nestrex, Pyri, water soluble vitamin B6 deficiency before paresthesia, pyridoxine-
Rodex, Vitabee 6, vitamins and periodically throughout dependency syndrome.
vitamin therapy.
B6
Pyrimethamine/ antimalarials Assess patient for Seizures, arrhythmias,
Daraprim antiprotozoals improvement in signs and atrophic glossitis, fever,
symptoms of infection daily megaloblastic anemia,
during therapy. Monitor CBC headache, insomnia, light-
and platelet count headedness, malaise, mental

184
Rev. 08/21/08
 periodically during therapy; depression, dry throat,
semiweekly in patients with pulmonary eosinophilia,
toxoplasmosis. anorexia, diarrhea, nausea.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be Common Side Effects
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration

Quazepam/ Doral sedative/hypnotics Assess sleep patterns before
benzodiazepines and periodically throughout
course of therapy.
Prolonged therapy may lead
to psychological or physical
dependence.
Quetiapine/ Seroquel, antipsychotics Monitor mental status;
Seroquel XR mood stabilizers suicidal tendencies; weight
and BMI; blood pressure
(sitting, standing, lying) and
pulse; onset of
extrapyramidal side effects;
tardive dyskinesia; and
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome before
and periodically during
therapy.
Quinapril/Accupril antihypertensives Monitor BP, pulse, and signs
ace inhibitors of angioedema. Monitor
weight and assess patient
routinely for resolution of
fluid overload. Monitor renal
function.
Quinine/ Qualaquin antimalarials Assess patient for
improvement in signs and
symptoms of condition daily
during therapy.
Quinupristin/dalfoprist anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
in// Synercid streptogramins pain or inflammation at the
infusion site; signs and
symptoms of anaphylaxis;
myalgia and arthralgia at
beginning of and throughout
therapy.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Abnormal thinking, behavior
changes, daytime drowsiness,
palpitations, abdominal pain,
itching, constipation, muscle
spasm, ataxia, trembling,
allergic reactions, tolerance.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, seizures, dizziness,
cognitive impairment,
extrapyramidal symptoms,
sedation, tardive dyskinesia,
ear pain, rhinitis, pharyngitis,
cough, dyspnea, palpitations,
peripheral edema, postural
hypotension, anorexia,
constipation, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, sweating,
leucopenia, weight gain,
hyperglycemia, flu-like
syndrome.
dizziness, fatigue, headache,
cough, hypotension, chest
pain, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
impaired renal function,
rashes, hyperkalemia, back
pain, myalgia, dyspnea,
angioedema.
Abdominal cramps/pain,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
cinchonism, hypersensitivity
reactions including fever and
anaphylaxis, hemolytic uremic
syndrome, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome.
Headache, pruritus, rash,
thrombophlebitis,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
edema/inflammation/pain at
infusion site, infusion site
reactions, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis, pain.
Common Side Effects

Rabeprazole/ Aciphex antiulcer agents Assess routinely for Dizziness, headache, malaise,
proton pump epigastric or abdominal pain abdominal pain, constipation,
inhibitors and frank or occult blood in diarrhea, nausea,
185
Rev. 08/21/08
 the stool, emesis, or gastric
aspirate. Monitor CBC with
differential periodically
during therapy.
Raloxifene/ Evista bone resorption Assess patient for bone
inhibitors mineral density with x-ray,
selective estrogen serum, and urine bone
receptor turnover markers before
modulators and periodically during
therapy.
Raltegravir/ Isentress antiretrovirals Assess patient for change in
integrase strand severity of HIV symptoms
transfer inhibitor and for symptoms of
(INSTI) opportunistic infections
during therapy. Monitor viral
load and CD4 counts
regularly during therapy.
Ramelteon/ Rozerem sedative/hypnotics Assess sleep patterns before
melatonin receptor and periodically throughout
agonists therapy.
Ramipril/Altace antihypertensives Monitor BP, pulse, and signs
ace inhibitors of angioedema. Monitor
weight and assess patient
routinely for resolution of
fluid overload. Monitor renal
function.
Ranibizumab/ Lucentis ocular agents Assess eye for signs of
monoclonal infection frequently during
antibodies week following injection.
Increases in intraocular
pressure have been seen
within 30 min of injection.
Ranitidine/ Zantac histamine h2 Assess patient for epigastric
antagonists, anti- or abdominal pain and frank
ulcer agents or occult blood in the stool,
emesis, or gastric aspirate
Ranolazine/ Ranexa antianginals Assess location, duration,
intensity, and precipitating
factors of anginal pain; and
ECG at baseline and
periodically during therapy.
Rasagiline/ Azilect antiparkinson Assess signs and symptoms
agents of Parkinson's disease;
monoamine blood pressure; and skin for
oxidase type b melanomas prior to and
inhibitors during therapy.
Rasburicase/ Elitek Anti-gout agents Monitor patients for signs of
antihyperuricemics allergic reactions and
enzymes anaphylaxis during therapy.
Monitor patients for
Rev. 08/21/08
photosensitivity, rash, neck
pain, allergic reactions, chills,
fever.
Stroke, deep vein thrombosis,
pulmonary embolism, retinal
vein thrombosis, leg cramps,
hot flashes.
Headache, dizziness, fatigue,
weakness, MI, diarrhea,
abdominal pain, gastritis,
hepatitis, vomiting, renal
failure/ impairment, anemia,
neutropenia, lipodystrophy,
hypersensitivity reactions,
immune reconstitution
syndrome, fever.
Abnormal thinking, behavior
changes, dizziness, fatigue,
hallucinations, headache,
insomnia, sleep—driving,
nausea, ↑ prolactin levels, ↓
testosterone levels.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
vertigo, weakness, cough,
hypotension, chest pain,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
impaired renal function,
rashes, hyperkalemia,
angioedema.
Conjunctival hemorrhage, eye
pain, ↑ intraocular pressure,
intraocular inflammation,
vitreal floaters,
endophthalmitis, retinal
detachment, arterial
thromboembolic events.
confusion, arrhythmias,
agranulocytosis, aplastic
anemia
Dizziness, headache, tinnitus,
palpitations, QTc prolongation,
abdominal pain, constipation,
dry mouth, nausea, vomiting.
Depression, chest pain,
albuminuria, ↓ libido, alopecia,
ecchymosis, ↑ melanoma risk,
rash, dyskinesia, allergic
reactions, flu-like syndrome, ↑
fall risk, fever.
Headache, abdominal pain,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, mucositis, rash,
hemolysis,
186
 hemolysis; and
methemoglobinemia during
therapy.
Remifentanil/ Ultiva opioid analgesics Monitor respiratory rate and
opioid agonists blood pressure frequently
during therapy. Assess type,
location, and intensity of
pain before and 3–5 min
after administration when
used to treat pain.
Repaglinide/ Prandin antidiabetics Observe patient for signs
meglitinides and symptoms of
hypoglycemic reactions
during therapy. Monitor
fasting serum glucose and
glycosylated hemoglobin
periodically during therapy
to evaluate effectiveness.
Reserpine/Novoreserpi antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and
ne, peripherally acting pulse; intake and output
Reserfia antiadrenergics ratios and daily weight and
assess for edema daily;
depression; early morning
insomnia, anorexia, erectile
dysfunction, and self-
deprecation periodically
throughout course of
therapy.
Retapamulin/ Altabax anti-infectives Assess lesions before and
pleuromutilins daily during therapy.
Monitor for application site
irritation.
Reteplase/ Retavase thrombolytics Monitor vital signs, including
plasminogen temperature, continuously
activators for myocardial infarction and
at least every 4 hr during
therapy for other
indications. Assess patient
carefully for bleeding every
15 min during the 1st hr of
therapy, every 15–30 min
during the next 8 hr, and at
least every 4 hr for the
duration of therapy. Assess
patient for hypersensitivity
reaction; ECG; intensity,
character, location, and
radiation of chest pain;
heart sounds and breath
sounds; and neurologic
status throughout therapy.
rho(d) immune vaccines/immunizin Monitor patient for signs and
globulin g agents symptoms of intravascular
standard dose IM/ immune globulins hemolysis (IVH), anemia,
HyperRHO S/D Full and renal insufficiency.
Rev. 08/21/08
methemoglobinemia,
neutropenia, fever, sepsis,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis.
Confusion, blurred/double
vision, apnea, shivering,
laryngospasm, allergic
bronchospasm, respiratory
depression, arrhythmias,
bradycardia, circulatory
depression, hypotension,
skeletal and thoracic muscle
rigidity.
Angina, chest pain,
hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia.
Depression, drowsiness,
lethargy, nasal stuffiness,
conjunctival congestion,
miosis, bradycardia, angina,
arrhythmias, edema, diarrhea,
cramps, dry mouth, GI
bleeding, nausea, vomiting,
erectile dysfunction, flushing,
galactorrhea, gynecomastia,
sodium and water retention.
Application site irritation.
Intracranial hemorrhage,
epistaxis, gingival bleeding,
bronchospasm, hemoptysis,
reperfusion arrhythmias,
hypotension, recurrent
ischemia, thromboembolism,
GI bleeding, nausea,
retroperitoneal bleeding,
vomiting, GU tract bleeding,
ecchymoses, flushing,
urticaria, bleeding,
hemorrhage at injection site,
phlebitis at injection site,
musculoskeletal pain, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever.
Dizziness, headache,
hypertension, hypotension,
rash, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, arthralgia, anemia,
187
 Dose,
RhoGAM
rho(d) immune vaccines/immunizin Monitor patient for signs and
globulin g agents symptoms of intravascular
microdose IM/ immune globulins hemolysis (IVH), anemia,
HyperRHO and renal insufficiency.
S/D Mini-Dose,
MICRhoGAM, Mini-
Gamulin R
rho(d) immune vaccines/immunizin Assess vital signs
globulin g agents periodically during therapy
IV/ WinRho SDF immune globulins in patients receiving IV
Rho(D) immune globulin.
rho(d) immune vaccines/immunizin Monitor patient for signs and
globulin g agents symptoms of intravascular
microdose IM, IV / immune globulins hemolysis (IVH), anemia,
Rhophylac and renal insufficiency.
Assess vital signs
periodically during therapy
in patients receiving IV
Rho(D) immune globulin.
Ribavirin/ Copegus, antivirals Assess patient for infection;
Rebetol, Virazole nucleoside respiratory; symptoms of
analogues hepatitis; signs of
depression; cardiovascular
disorders; signs of colitis;
pancreatitis; pulmonary
status; and fluid status at
beginning and during
therapy. Monitor CBC with
differential and platelet
count prior to initiation, at
week 2, and week 4, and
regularly during therapy.
Monitor liver function tests
and thyroid stimulating
hormone prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor liver function tests
and thyroid stimulating
hormone prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Riboflavin/ vitamin B2 vitamins Assess patient for signs of
water soluble vitamin B2 deficiency prior
vitamins to and periodically
throughout therapy.
Rifabutin/ Mycobutin agents atypical Monitor patient for signs of
mycobacterium active tuberculosis and
bowel function throughout
therapy. Monitor CBC
periodically during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
intravascular hemolysis,
myalgia, pain at injection site,
fever.
Dizziness, headache,
hypertension, hypotension,
rash, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, arthralgia, anemia,
intravascular hemolysis,
myalgia, pain at injection site,
fever.
Dizziness, headache,
hypertension, hypotension,
rash, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, arthralgia, anemia,
intravascular hemolysis,
myalgia, pain at injection site,
fever.
Dizziness, headache,
hypertension, hypotension,
rash, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, arthralgia, anemia,
intravascular hemolysis,
myalgia, pain at injection site,
fever.
Dizziness, faintness, blurred
vision, conjunctivitis, erythema
of the eyelids, ocular irritation,
photosensitivity, cardiac
arrest, hypotension, rash,
hemolytic anemia (with
interferon alpha 2b),
reticulocytosis, emotional
lability (↑ in children), fatigue
(↓ in children), impaired
concentration (↓ in children),
insomnia (↓ in children),
iritability (↓ in children), dry
mouth, dyspnea(↓ in children),
anorexia (↑ in children),
dyspepsia (↓ in children),
vomiting (↑ in children),
hemolytic anemia, pruritus (↓
in children), arthralgia (↓ in
children), fever (↑ in children).
Yellow discoloration of urine.
Brown-orange discoloration of
tears, ocular disturbances,
dyspnea, chest pain, chest
pressure, pseudomembranous
colitis, brown-orange
discoloration of saliva, altered
taste, drug-induced hepatitis,
brown-orange discoloration of
188

Rifampin/ Rifadin, antituberculars Assess lung sounds and
Rimactane rifamycins character and amount of
sputum periodically during
therapy. Perform
mycobacterial studies and
susceptibility tests prior to
and periodically during
therapy to detect possible
resistance. Evaluate renal
function, CBC, and urinalysis
periodically and during
therapy. Monitor hepatic
function at least monthly
during therapy.
Rifapentine/ Priftin agents amyotrophic Assess lung sounds and
lateral sclerosis character and amount of
antituberculars sputum periodically
throughout therapy. Assess
hepatic enzymes, bilirubin,
CBC, and platelet count
prior to therapy. Monitor at
least monthly, especially in
relation to adverse
reactions.
Rifaximin/ Xifaxan anti-infectives Assess frequency and
rifamycins consistency of stools and
bowel sounds prior to and
during therapy. Assess fluid
and electrolyte balance and
skin turgor for dehydration.
Rilonacept/ Arcalyst orphan drugs Assess for signs of infections
fusion proteins and signs of hypersensitivity
interleukin reactions during therapy.
antagonists Monitor lipid profiles every
2–3 months during therapy.
Riluzole/ Rilutek agents amyotrophic Assess patient for
lateral sclerosis aggravation reaction
causing worsening of ALS
symptoms. Monitor AST,
ALT, serum bilirubin, and
GGT before and during
therapy.
Rimantadine/ antivirals Monitor respiratory status
Flumadine (rate, breath sounds,
sputum) and temperature
periodically.
Rev. 08/21/08
urine, rash, skin discoloration,
hemolysis, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, arthralgia,
myositis, brown-orange
discoloration of body fluids,
flu-like syndrome.
Ataxia, confusion, drowsiness,
fatigue, headache, weakness,
red discoloration of tears,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
flatulence, heartburn, nausea,
vomiting, drug-induced
hepatitis, red discoloration of
saliva, red discoloration of
urine, hemolytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, arthralgia,
myalgia, red discoloration of
all body fluids, flu-like
syndrome.
Dizziness, headache,
hemoptysis, hypertension,
pseudomembranous colitis,
anorexia, diarrhea, dyspepsia,
increased liver enzymes,
nausea, vomiting, hematuria,
proteinuria, pyuria, urinary
casts, acne, pruritus, rash,
anemia, leukopenia,
lymphopenia, neutropenia,
thrombocytosis, arthralgia,
pain.
Dizziness, pseudomembranous
colitis.
Upper respiratory tract
infections, cough, injection site
reactions, changes in lipid
profile, hypoesthesia, serious
life-threatening infections,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Dizziness, weakness,
headache, decreased lung
function, hypertension,
peripheral edema, abdominal
pain, anorexia, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, flatulence, nausea,
vomiting, weight loss,
arthralgia, back pain,
circumoral paresthesia.
Seizures, agitation, dizziness,
fatigue, headache, impaired
concentration, insomnia,
mental depression, tinnitus,
dyspnea, abdominal pain,
189

Risedronate/ Actonel bone resorption Assess patients via bone
inhibitors density study for low bone
biphosphonates mass; and symptoms of
Paget's disease before and
periodically during therapy.
Assess serum calcium and
alkaline phosphatase before
and periodically during
therapy.
Risperidone/ Benzisoxazoles/ Monitor patient's mental
Risperdal, mood stabilizers/ status; weight and BMI;
Risperdal M-TAB, Antipsychotics mood changes; suicidal
Risperdal Consta tendencies; blood pressure
(sitting, standing, lying
down) and pulse; onset of
extrapyramidal side effects;
tardive dyskinesia; and
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome before
and periodically during
therapy. Obtain fasting
blood glucose and
cholesterol levels initially
and periodically during
therapy
Ritodrine/ Yutopar tocolytic Assess uterine activity,
adrenergics gestational age and fetal
maturity to determine
premature labor, maternal
blood pressure and pulse
and fetal heart rate, intake
and output ratios
throughout therapy. Assess
patient frequently during IV
infusion for signs and
symptoms of pulmonary
edema. Blood glucose and
electrolytes should be
monitored carefully during
prolonged therapy.
Ritonavir/ Norvir antiretrovirals Assess patient for change in
protease inhibitors severity of HIV symptoms
and for symptoms of
opportunistic infections
during therapy. Monitor viral
load and CD4 counts
regularly during therapy.
Rituximab/ Rituxan antineoplastics Monitor patient for fever,
monoclonal chills/rigors, nausea,
antibodies urticaria, fatigue, headache,
pruritus, bronchospasm,
Rev. 08/21/08
anorexia, diarrhea, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
rash.
Weakness, amblyopia,
conjunctivitis, dry eyes, eye
pain/inflammation, tinnitus,
chest pain, edema, abdominal
pain, diarrhea, belching,
colitis, constipation,
dysphagia, esophagitis,
esophageal ulcer, gastric ulcer,
nausea, rash, arthralgia,
musculoskeletal pain,
osteonecrosis, flu-like
syndrome.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, aggressive
behavior, dizziness,
extrapyramidal reactions,
headache, increased dreams,
increased sleep duration,
insomnia, sedation,
pharyngitis, rhinitis, visual
disturbances, cough,
constipation, diarrhea, dry
mouth, nausea, weight gain,
decreased libido,
dysmenorrhea/
menorrhagia, itching/skin
rash.
Headache, anxiety,
nervousness, pulmonary
edema, angina, hypotension,
tachycardia (maternal and
fetal), nausea, vomiting, drug-
induced hepatitis, erythema,
hyperglycemia,
agranulocytosis, leucopenia,
tremors.
Seizures, abnormal thinking,
weakness, angioedema, heart
block, abdominal pain, altered
taste, anorexia, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting,
hypersensitivity reactions
including Stevens-Johnson
syndrome and anaphylaxis.
Progressive multifocal
leukoencephalopathy,
headache, bronchospasm,
cough, dyspnea, arrhythmias,
190
 dyspnea, sensation of
tongue or throat swelling,
rhinitis, vomiting,
hypotension, flushing,
hypersensitivity reactions,
ECG, signs of progressive
multifocal
leukoencephalopathy, and
pain at disease sites.
Monitor patient for tumor
lysis syndrome due to rapid
reduction in tumor volume
usually occurring 12–24 hr
after first infusion. Monitor
CBC and platelet count
regularly during therapy.
Rivastigmine/ Exelon, anti-Alzheimers's Assess cognitive function
Exelon Patch agents periodically throughout
cholinergics therapy. Monitor patient for
cholinesterase nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
inhibitors and weight loss.
Rizatriptan/ Maxalt, vascular headache Assess pain location,
Maxalt-MLT suppressants character, intensity, and
five ht1 agonists duration and associated
symptoms during migraine
attack.
Rocuronium/ Zemuron neuromuscular Assess respiratory status;
blocking agents ECG, heart rate, and blood
nondepolarizing pressure; residual muscle
weakness and respiratory
distress; infusion site
throughout therapy and
administration.
Romiplostim/ Nplate Antithrombocytope Assess for bruising and
nic bleeding throughout
thrombopoetin therapy. Monitor CBC,
receptor agonists including platelet counts and
periperal blood smears,
prior to, weekly until a
stable platelet count is
achieved, and at least
monthly thereafter. Monitor
peripheral blood for signs of
marrow fibrosis.
Ropinirole/ Requip, antiparkinson Assess blood pressure;
Requip XL agents drowsiness and sleep
dopamine agonists attacks; signs and
symptoms of Parkinson's
disease; sleep patterns and
frequency of restless leg
disturbances periodically
during therapy.
Ropivacaine/ Naropin epidural local Assess for systemic toxicity;
anesthetics BP, HR, and respiratory rate
anesthetics topical continuously during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
hypotension, peripheral
edema, abdominal pain,
altered taste, dyspepsia,
mucocutaneous skin reactions,
flushing, urticaria,
hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia,
anemia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, arthralgia,
back pain, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis and
angioedema, infections,
infusion reactions, tumor lysis
syndrome, fever/chills/rigors
Weakness, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache,
sedation, edema, heart failure,
hypotension, anorexia,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
weakness, coronary artery
vasospasm, MI, ventricular
fibrillation, ventricular
tachycardia, hypersensitivity
reactions including
angioedema.
Bronchospasm, rash, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Dizziness, insomnia, headache,
abdominal pain, dyspepsia,
bone marrow fibrosis,
thrombosis/
thromboembolism, extremity
pain, myalgia, arthralgia,
shoulder pain, paresthesia.
Sleep attacks, dizziness,
syncope, confusion,
drowsiness, abnormal vision,
orthostatic hypotension,
peripheral edema,
constipation, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
increased sweating.
Seizures, cardiovascular
collapse, arrhythmias,
hypotension, tachycardia,
191

Rosiglitazone/ Avandia
Rosuvastatin/ Crestor
Rota virus vaccine live
oral/Rotarix
Rufinamide/ Banzol
Name: Dose,
Generic/Trade and Times
Saliva substitutes/
Entertainers' Secret,
Moi-
Stir, Mouthkote,
Optimoist, Salivart,
Salix
Salmeterol/ Serevent
Rev. 08/21/08
local Monitor for return of
sensation after procedure.
antidiabetics Observe patient taking
thiazolidinediones concurrent insulin for signs
and symptoms of
hypoglycemia. Assess
patient for edema and signs
of CHF; and signs of lactic
acidosis during therapy.
lipid-lowering Obtain a diet history,
agents especially with regard to fat
hmg coa reductase consumption. Evaluate
inhibitors serum cholesterol and
statins triglyceride levels before
initiating, after 2–4 wk of
therapy, and periodically
thereafter. Monitor liver
function tests, including
AST, before, at 12 wk after
initiation of therapy or after
dose elevation, and then
every 6 mo.
vaccines/immunizin Determine current health
g agents status and previous
active immunizer vaccination history of infant,
including any reactions to
previous dose of rotavirus
vaccine. Delay
administration in infants
with acute diarrhea and
vomiting.
anticonvulsants Assess location, duration,
triazoles and characteristics of
seizure activity. Monitor
closely for notable changes
in behavior that could
indicate the emergence or
worsening of suicidal
thoughts or behavior or
depression.
Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
saliva substitutes Assess patient for
xerostomia (dry mouth) or
dry throat before and
periodically throughout
therapy. Assess gingiva and
oral mucosa for stomatitis.
bronchodilators Assess lung sounds, pulse,
adrenergics and blood pressure;
pulmonary function tests;
nausea, vomiting, anemia,
paresthesia, dyspnea, allergic
reactions, fever.
CHF, edema, new onset and
worsening diabetic macular
edema, urticaria, hepatitis, ↑
liver enzymes, anemia, lactic
acidosis, ↑ total cholesterol,
LDL and HDL, weight gain,
angioedema (rare), fractures
(arm, hand, foot) in female
patients.
Weakness, abdominal pain,
constipation, nausea, rash,
rhabdomyolysis, myalgia.
Cough, runny nose, flatulence,
loss of appetite, rotavirus
shedding in stool, vomiting,
fussiness/irritability.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
somnolence, ↑ suicidal
thoughts/behavior, diplopia,
QT prolongation, nausea,
changes in appetite, urinary
frequency, rash, anemia,
ataxia, coordination
abnormalities, gait
disturbances, multi-organ
hypersensitivity reactions.
Common Side Effects
Excessive absorption of
electrolytes.
Headache, nervousness,
palpitations, tachycardia,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
192
 and paradoxical
bronchospasm before
initiating therapy and
periodically throughout.
Salsalate/ Amigesic, antipyretics Assess pain and limitation of
Anaflex, Disalcid, nonopioid movement; note type,
Marthritic, Mono- analgesics location, and intensity
Gesic, salicylates before and at the peak after
Salflex, Salgesic, administration. Assess fever
Salsitab and note associated signs.
Monitor hepatic function;
and serum salicylate levels
before antirheumatic
therapy.
Samarium Sm 153 nonopioid Assess pain (intensity,
lexidronam/ analgesics location) periodically
Quadramet radiopharmaceutica throughout therapy.
ls
SAMe/Ademetionine, antidepressants Assess mental status for
S-adenosylmethionine symptoms of depression and
symptoms of pain and
fatigue prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Sapropterin/ Kuvan antihyperphenylala Assess diet prior to and
ninemics during therapy. Monitor for
synthetic BH4 signs of allergic reaction.
Monitor blood Phe levels
after 1 wk of treatment and
periodically for up to 1
month.
Saquinavir/ Invirase antiretrovirals Assess for change in
protease inhibitors severity of symptoms of HIV
and for symptoms of
opportunistic infections
during therapy. Monitor viral
load and CD4 count
regularly during therapy.
Monitor hematologic and
hepatic function before and
periodically during therapy.
Sargramostim/ colony stimulating Monitor heart rate, blood
Leukine, factors pressure, and respiratory
rHu GM-CSF biologic response status during and
(recombinant human modifiers immediately after infusion.
granulocyte/macropha Assess for peripheral edema
ge daily; first-dose reaction;
colony-stimulating fever daily; arthralgias and
factor) myalgias throughout
therapy.
Saw palmetto/ Assess patient for symptoms
American of benign prostatic
Dwarf Palm Tree, hypertrophy (BPH) before
Cabbage Palm, Ju- and periodically throughout
Zhong, therapy.
Palmier Nain, Sabal,
Sabal Fructus, Saw
Palmetto Berry,
Serenoa
Rev. 08/21/08
nausea, muscle
cramps/soreness, trembling,
paradoxical bronchospasm,
cough.
Tinnitus, GI bleeding,
dyspepsia, epigastric distress,
nausea, abdominal pain,
anorexia, hepatotoxicity,
vomiting, exfoliative
dermatitis, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis, allergic reactions
including anaphylaxis and
laryngeal edema.
Arrhythmias, hypertension,
anemia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, transient
increase in bone pain.
Agitation, dizziness, mild
insomnia, manic reactions (in
patients with bipolar disorder),
vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence.
Headache, pharyngolaryngeal
pain, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
neutropenia.
Seizures, confusion, headache,
abdominal discomfort,
diarrhea, increased liver
enzymes, jaundice, nausea,
severe cutaneous reactions,
hyperglycemia, acute
myeloblastic leukemia,
hemolytic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, ataxia,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Headache, malaise, weakness,
dyspnea, pericardial effusion,
peripheral edema, transient
supraventricular tachycardia,
diarrhea, itching, rash,
arthralgia, bone pain, myalgia,
chills, fever, first-dose
reaction.
Dizziness, headache, nausea,
vomiting, constipation and
diarrhea.
193
repens
Scopolamine/ Isopto antiemetics Assess patient for signs of
Hyoscine, Transderm- anticholinergics urinary retention; heart
Scop rate; pain; nausea and
vomiting periodically during
therapy.
Secobarbital/ Seconal sedative/hypnotics Assess sleep patterns;
barbiturates respiratory status, pulse,
and blood pressure; and
pain prior to and periodically
throughout therapy.
Selegiline/Apo- antiparkinson Assess patient for signs and
Selegiline, agents symptoms of Parkinson's
Carbex, Eldepryl, monoamine disease prior to and during
Gen- oxidase type b therapy. Assess blood
Selegiline, Nu- inhibitors pressure periodically during
Selegiline, therapy.
SD-Deprenyl, Zelapar
Selegiline antidepressants Assess mental status, mood
transdermal/ monoamine changes, and anxiety level
Emsam oxidase type b frequently; suicidal
inhibitors tendencies, agitation,
irritability, and unusual
changes in behavior; blood
pressure and pulse rate
especially during early
therapy. Monitor pediatric
patients face-to-face weekly
during first 4 wks, every
other week for 4 wks, at 12
weeks, and as clinically
indicated during therapy.
Sennosides/Black- laxatives Assess patient for abdominal
Draught, Ex-Lax, Ex- stimulant laxatives distention, presence of
Lax bowel sounds, and usual
Chocolated, Fletchers' pattern of bowel function.
Castoria, Maximum Assess color, consistency,
Relief and amount of stool
Ex-Lax, Sena-Gen, produced.
Senexon, Senokot,
SenokotXTRA
Sertaconazole/ antifungals Inspect involved areas of
Ertaczo imidazoles skin and mucous
membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Increased skin irritation may
indicate need to discontinue
medication.
Sertraline/ Zoloft antidepressants Assess for suicidal
selective serotonin tendencies, especially
reuptake inhibitors during early therapy.
ssris Monitor appetite and
nutritional intake; weigh
weekly; mood changes;
frequency of obsessive-
compulsive behaviors;
Rev. 08/21/08
Drowsiness, confusion, blurred
vision, mydriasis, tachycardia,
dry mouth, urinary hesitancy,
urinary retention.
Excess sedation, excitation,
hallucinations, mental
depression, vertigo,
respiratory depression,
arthralgia, myalgia, neuralgia,
rashs, urticaria.
Confusion, dizziness, fainting,
hallucinations, insomnia, vivid
dreams, nausea, abdominal
pain, dry mouth.
Insomnia, tinnitus, ↑ cough,
hypertensive crisis, chest pain,
orthostatic hypotension,
peripheral edema, diarrhea,
altered taste, anorexia,
constipation, flatulence,
gastroenteritis, vomiting,
dysmenorrhea, metrorrhagia,
urinary frequency, application
site reactions , acne,
ecchymoses, pruritus,
sweating, mylagia, neck pain,
pathologic fracture,
paresthesia.
Cramping, diarrhea, nausea,
pink-red or brown-black
discoloration of urine,
electrolyte abnormalities,
laxative dependence.
Application site reactions,
burning, contact dermatitis,
dry skin, tenderness.
Suicidal thoughts, dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
insomnia, diarrhea, dry mouth,
nausea, sexual dysfunction,
urinary disorders, urinary
frequency, increased sweating,
hot flashes, rash,
hyponatremia, back pain,
194
 frequency and severity of
panic attacks; feelings of
fear, helplessness, and
horror; symptoms of social
anxiety disorder; and
symptoms of premenstrual
dysphoric disorder
periodically during therapy.
Sevelamer/ Renagel, electrolyte Assess patient for GI side
Renvela modifiers effects periodically during
phosphate binders therapy. Monitor serum
phosphorous, calcium,
bicarbonate, and chloride
levels periodically during
therapy.
Sibutramine/ Meridia weight control Monitor patients for weight
agents loss and adjust concurrent
appetite medications as needed.
suppressants Monitor blood pressure and
heart rate regularly during
therapy.
Sildenafil/Revatio, erectile dysfunction Determine erectile
Viagra agents dysfunction before
phosphodiesterase administration. Monitor
type 5 inhibitors hemodynamic parameters
and exercise tolerance prior
to and periodically during
therapy.
Silodosin/ Rapaflo benign prostatic Assess patient for symptoms
hyperplasia bph of benign prostatic
agents hyperplasia; orthostatic
alpha adrenergic reaction and syncope; BP
blockers (lying and standing) before
and periodically during
therapy.
Silver anti-infectives Assess burned tissue for
sulfadiazine/Flint (topical) infection and sepsis;
SSD, Sildimac, sulfonamides hypersensitivity reaction
Silvadene, prior to and throughout
Thermazene course of therapy.
Simethicone/Degas, antiflatulent Assess patient for abdominal
Extra Strength Gas-X, pain, distention, and bowel
Flatulex, Gas-X, sounds prior to and
Genasyme, Maximum periodically throughout
Strength Mylanta Gas, course of therapy.
Mylanta Gas, Mylicon, Frequency of belching and
Phazyme passage of flatus should also
be assessed.
Simvastatin/ Zocor hmg coa reductase Obtain a diet history,
inhibitors especially with regard to fat
statin, lipid- consumption
lowering agents
Sirolimus/ Rapamune immunosuppressan Monitor blood pressure and
ts hyperlipidemia closely
during therapy. Monitor
sirolimus blood levels when
Rev. 08/21/08
myalgia, tremor, hypertonia,
hypoesthesia, paresthesia,
twitching, fever, thirst,
impaired concentration, manic
reaction, nervousness,
weakness, yawning, agitation,
anxiety.
Diarrhea, dyspepsia, vomiting,
constipation, flatulence,
nausea.
Seizures, headache, insomnia,
CNS stimulation, anorexia,
constipation, dry mouth,
altered taste, increased
appetite, increased sweating,
rash.
Headache, dizziness, insomnia,
hearing loss, vision loss,
epistaxis, nasal congestion,
MI, sudden death,
cardiovascular collapse,
dyspepsia, diarrhea, priapism,
urinary tract infection,
flushing, rash, mylagia,
paresthesias.
Dizziness, headache,
orthostatic hypotension,
diarrhea, retrograde
ejaculation.
Burning, itching, pain, rash,
skin discoloration, skin
necrosis, leukopenia.
None significant.
abdominal cramps,
constipation, diarrhea, flatus,
heartburn, rashes,
rhabdomyolysis
Insomnia, interstitial lung
disease, edema, hypotension,
hepatic toxicity, renal
impairment, acne, rash,
195
 dose forms are changed and
in patients likely to have
altered drug metabolism,
patients >=13 yr who weigh
<40 kg, patients with
hepatic impairment, and
during concurrent
administration of drugs that
may interact with sirolimus.
Sitagliptin/ Januvia antidiabetics Observe patient for signs
enzyme inhibitors and symptoms of
hypoglycemic reactions
during therapy. Monitor
hemoglobin A1C prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor renal function prior
to and periodically during
therapy.
Sodium bicarbonate/ antiulcer agents Assess fluid balance, signs
Baking Soda, Bell- alkalinizing agents of acidosis, epigastric or
Ans, abdominal pain and frank or
Citrocarbonate, Neut, occult blood in the stool,
Soda Mint emesis, or gastric aspirate
throughout therapy.
Sodium citrate and antiurolithics Assess patient for signs of
citric acid/ Bicitra, mineral electrolyte alkalosis or hypernatremia
Oracit, Shohl's replacements throughout therapy. Monitor
Solution supplements patients with renal
modified alkalinizing agents dysfunction for fluid
overload. 24-hr urine for
citrate.
Sodium chloride mineral electrolyte Assess fluid balance;
(IV/oral)/ Slo-Salt replacements symptoms of hyponatremia
supplements or hypernatremia
throughout therapy.
Sodium ferric antianemics Assess bowel function for
gluconate iron supplements constipation or diarrhea;
complex/ Ferrlecit blood pressure and heart
rate; signs and symptoms of
anaphylaxis; nutritional
status and dietary history
during therapy.
Sodium fluoride dental caries Examine teeth for staining
(oral)/ prophylactic agents or mottling periodically.
Flura-Drops, Luride, minerals
Pharmaflur, Phos-Flur electrolytes
Sodium oxybate/ anticataplectic Assess respiratory status,
Xyrem, hydroxybutyrate sleep patterns, and number
gamma of cataplexy attacks before
hydroxybutyrate starting sodium oxybate.
(GHB) Patients must be monitored
at least every 3 months for
effectiveness and side
effects.
Rev. 08/21/08
thrombocytopenic purpura,
hypokalemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
hyperlipidemia, arthralgias,
tremor, ↑ risk of infection, ↑
risk of lymphoma, ↑ risk of
lymphocele, mucosal herpes
simplex infections, ↓ wound
healing, lymphocele.
Headache, nausea, diarrhea,
upper respiratory tract
infection, nasopharyngitis,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis,
angioedema, and exfoliative
skin conditions (Stevens-
Johnson syndrome), rash,
urticaria.
Edema, flatulence, gastric
distention, metabolic alkalosis,
hypernatremia, hypocalcemia,
hypokalemia, sodium and
water retention, irritation at IV
site, tetany.
Diarrhea, fluid overload,
hypernatremia (severe renal
impairment), hypocalcemia,
metabolic alkalosis (large
doses only), tetany.
CHF, pulmonary edema,
edema, hypernatremia,
hypervolemia, hypokalemia, IV
—extravasation, irritation at IV
site.
Dizziness, headache, syncope,
hypotension, hypertension,
chest pain, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, flushing, urticaria,
pain or erythema at injection,
arthralgia, myalgia, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever,
lymphadenopathy.
Nausea, vomiting, atopic
dermatitis, mottling of teeth.
Seizures, dizziness, pain,
headache, somnolence,
confusion, depression,
insomnia, nervousness,
weakness, respiratory
depression, nausea, vomiting,
urinary incontinence, arthritis,
myalgia, hyperhidrosis.
196
Sodium Assess neurological status
phenylacetate/sodium and infusion site frequently
benzoate// Ammonul during therapy. Monitor
plasma ammonia levels
frequently during therapy.
Sodium phosphate mineral electrolyte Assess patient for signs and
replacements symptoms of
supplements hypophosphatemia; and
phosphate intake and output ratios and
supplements daily weight throughout
therapy. Monitor serum
phosphate, potassium,
sodium, and calcium levels
prior to and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
renal function studies prior
to and periodically
throughout therapy.
Sodium polystyrene hypokalemic Monitor response of
sulfonate/Kayexalate, electrolyte symptoms of hyperkalemia;
SPS modifiers intake and output ratios and
cationic exchange daily weight; symptoms of
resins fluid overload; symptoms of
digitalis toxicity; abdomen
and note character and
frequency of stools during
course of therapy.
Solifenacin/ VESIcare urinary tract Monitor voiding pattern and
antispasmodics assess symptoms of
anticholinergics overactive bladder to and
periodically during therapy.
Somatrem/ Protropin hormones Monitor bone age annually
growth hormones and growth rate
determinations, height, and
weight every 3–6 mo during
therapy. Monitor blood
glucose periodically during
therapy.
Somatropin hormones Monitor bone age annually
(recombinant)/ Saizen growth hormones and growth rate
determinations, height, and
weight every 3–6 mo during
therapy. Monitor thyroid
function; blood glucose; and
alkaline phosphatase prior
to and during therapy.
Monitor for development of
neutralizing antibodies if
growth rate does not exceed
2.5 cm/6 mo.
Sorafenib/ Nexavar antineoplastics Monitor blood pressure
kinase inhibitors weekly during first 6 wks
and then periodically during
therapy. Assess for
dermatologic toxicities;
Rev. 08/21/08
Seizures, mental impairment,
vomiting, hyperglycemia,
hypokalemia.
Confusion, listlessness,
weakness, hypernatremia—
shortness of breath,
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest,
ECG changes, hypotension;
hypernatremia—edema,
diarrhea, abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting,
hyperkalemia, hypernatremia,
hyperphosphatemia,
hypocalcemia,
hypomagnesemia, irritation at
IV site, phlebitis, hypocalcemia
—tremors, flaccid paralysis,
heaviness of legs, paresthesias
of extremities.
Constipation, fecal impaction,
anorexia, gastric irritation,
nausea, vomiting,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia,
sodium retention,
hypomagnesemia.
Blurred vision, constipation,
dry mouth, dyspepsia, nausea.
Edema of the hands and feet,
hyperglycemia,
hypothyroidism, insulin
resistance, pain at injection
site, local lipoatrophy or
lipodystrophy with
subcutaneous use, arthralgia.
Edema of the hands and feet,
exacerbation of pre-existing
psoriasis, hyperglycemia,
hypothyroidism, insulin
resistance, pain at injection
site, local lipoatrophy or
lipodystrophy with
subcutaneous use, arthralgia,
musculoskeletal pain, swelling,
stiffness.
Depression, fatigue, weakness,
hoarseness, hypertension,
constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, dysphagia,
myalgia, mucositis/stomatitis,
197
 bleeding; and chest pain
during therapy.
Sotalol/ Betapace, antiarrhythmics Monitor blood pressure and
Betapace AF, Sorine (classes II and III) pulse frequently; orthostatic
beta blockers hypotension; intake and
output ratios and daily
weight; evidence of fluid
overload during dosage
adjustment period and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Spironolactone/ diuretics Monitor intake and output
Aldactone potassium sparing ratios and daily weight;
diuretics signs and symptoms of
hypokalemia during therapy.
Evaluate serum potassium
levels prior to and routinely
during therapy.
St. John's wort antidepressants Assess patient for
(Hypericum depression periodically
Perforatum)/ throughout therapy. Assess
Amber, Demon skin or skin lesions
chaser, periodically throughout
Goatweed, Hardhay, therapy.
Klamath weed, Rosin
rose, Tipton weed
Stavudine/ d4T, Zerit, antiretrovirals Assess patient for change in
Zerit XR nucleoside reverse severity of symptoms of HIV
transcriptase infection and for symptoms
inhibitors of opportunistic infection
during therapy. Monitor
patient for signs and
symptoms of peripheral
neuropathy; signs of
pancreatitis periodically
throughout therapy.
Streptokinase/ thrombolytics Monitor vital signs, including
Kabbikinase, plasminogen temperature, continuously
Streptase activators for myocardial infarction.
Assess patient carefully for
bleeding every 15 min
during the 1st hr of therapy,
every 15–30 min during the
next 8 hr, and at least every
4 hr for the duration of
therapy. Assess patient for
Rev. 08/21/08
nausea, anorexia, acne,
erythema, exfoliative
dermatitis, flushing, hand-foot
skin reaction, pruritus, rash,
hypophosphatemia, anemia,
bleeding, leukopenia,
neuropathy,
thrombocytopenia,
lymphopenia, athralgia, pain.
Fatigue, weakness,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
CHF, pulmonary edema,
erectile dysfunction, itching,
rashes, hyperglycemia,
hypoglycemia, arthralgia, back
pain, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, drug-induced
lupus syndrome.
Dizziness, clumsiness,
headache, arrhythmias, GI
irritation, erectile dysfunction,
dysuria, gynecomastia (in
males), breast tenderness,
deepening of voice, increased
hair growth (in females),
hyperkalemia, hyponatremia,
hyperchloremic metabolic
acidosis, agranulocytosis,
muscle cramps, allergic
reactions.
Dizziness, restlessness, sleep
disturbances, hypertension,
abdominal pain, bloating,
constipation, dry mouth,
feeling of fullness, flatulence,
nausea, vomiting, allergic skin
reactions, phototoxicity.
Headache, insomnia,
weakness, hepatic toxicity,
pancreatitis, anorexia,
diarrhea, lactic acidosis,
anemia, arthralgia, myalgia,
peripheral neuropathy.
Intracranial hemorrhage,
epistaxis, gingival bleeding,
bronchospasm, hemoptysis,
reperfusion arrhythmias,
hypotension, recurrent
ischemia/thromboembolism,
GI bleeding, hepatotoxicity,
nausea, retroperitoneal
bleeding, vomiting, GU tract
bleeding, ecchymoses,
198
 hypersensitivity reaction;
recent streptococcal
infection; ECG continuously;
intensity, character,
location, and radiation of
chest pain; heart sounds
and breath sounds; pulse,
blood pressure,
hemodynamics, and
respiratory status; and
neurologic status
throughout therapy.
Streptomycin anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
aminoglycosides eighth cranial nerve
function; intake and output
and daily weight to assess
hydration status and renal
function; and signs of
superinfection at beginning
of and throughout therapy.
Streptozocin/ Zanosar antineoplastics Monitor vital signs; intake
antitumor and output and daily
antibiotics weight; IV site; bone
marrow depression; and
hydration status, appetite,
and nutritional intake prior
to and periodically during
therapy. Monitor for
hepatotoxicity; serum uric
acid; and CBC and
differential prior to and
weekly during therapy.
Strontium-89 nonopioid Assess pain (intensity,
chloride/ analgesics location) periodically
Metastron radiopharmaceutica throughout therapy.
ls
Succimer/ Chemet antidotes Assess patient and family
chelating agents members for evidence of
lead poisoning prior to and
frequently throughout
therapy. Monitor strict
intake and output and daily
weight; neurologic status;
and signs of allergic
reactions during therapy.
Monitor blood and urine lead
levels prior to and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Succinylcholine/Anecti neuromuscular Assess respiratory status;
ne, blocking agents neuromuscular response;
Quelicin depolarizing ECG, heart rate, and blood
Rev. 08/21/08
flushing, urticaria, bleeding,
hemorrhage at injection site,
phlebitis at injection site,
musculoskeletal pain, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever.
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity,
hypomagnesemia, muscle
paralysis, hypersensitivity
reactions.
Confusion, lethargy, mental
depression, drug-induced
hepatitis, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, duodenal ulcer,
nephrotoxicity, gonadal
suppression, proteinuria,
hypophosphatemia, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
eosinophilia, phlebitis at IV
site, injection site reactions,
hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia,
fever.
Anemia, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, transient
increase in bone pain.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, cloudy film in eye,
otitis media, plugged ears,
watery eyes, cough, nasal
congestion, rhinorrhea, sore
throat, arrhythmias, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal cramps,
anorexia, diarrhea, elevated
liver function tests,
hemorrhoidal symptoms,
metallic taste, oliguria,
proteinuria, voiding difficulty,
mucocutaneous eruptions,
pruritus, rashes, eosinophilia,
chills, fever, thrombocytosis,
back, rib, flank pain, leg pain,
paresthesia, sensorimotor
neuropathy, flu-like syndrome,
moniliasis.
Apnea, bronchospasm,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
hypotension, hyperkalemia,
199
 pressure; signs of malignant
hyperthermia; residual
muscle weakness and
respiratory distress
throughout therapy.
Sucralfate/ Carafate antiulcer agents Assess patient routinely for
gi protectants abdominal pain and frank or
occult blood in the stool.
Sufentanil/ Sufenta opioid analgesics Monitor respiratory rate and
analgesic adjuncts blood pressure frequently
opioid agonists throughout therapy. Assess
type, location, and intensity
of pain before and 3–5 min
after IV administration when
sufentanil is used to treat
pain.
Sulconazole/ antifungals Inspect involved areas of
Exelderm (topical) skin and mucous
membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Increased skin irritation may
indicate need to discontinue
medication.
Sulfamethoxazole/ anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
Gantanol, Urobak sulfonamides allergy to sulfonamides; and
intake and output ratios at
beginning of and throughout
therapy. Monitor CBC and
urinalysis periodically
throughout therapy.
Sulfasalazine/ antirheumatics Assess patient for allergy to
Azulfidine, (DMARD) sulfonamides and
Azulfidine EN-tabs gastroinestinal anti salicylates. Monitor intake
inflammatories and output ratios;
abdominal pain and
frequency, quantity, and
consistency of stools; range
of motion and degree of
swelling and pain in affected
joints before and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor urinalysis, BUN, and
serum creatinine before and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor CBC before and
every 3–6 mo during
prolonged therapy.
Sulfinpyrazone/ Anti-gout agents Assess involved joints for
Anturane uricosurics pain, mobility, and edema;
and intake and output ratios
throughout course of
therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
rhabdomyolysis, muscle
fasciculation, malignant
hyperthermia, myoglobinemia,
myoglobinuria, tachyphylaxis.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
constipation, diarrhea, dry
mouth, gastric discomfort,
indigestion, nausea, pruritus,
rashes.
Confusion, postoperative
depression, postoperative
drowsiness, apnea, cardiac
arrest, laryngospasm, allergic
bronchospasm, respiratory
depression, arrhythmias,
bradycardia, hypotension,
biliary spasm, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Burning, itching, local
hypersensitivity reactions,
redness, stinging.
Nausea, anorexia, fever,
crystalluria, rashes,
agranulocytosis, aplastic
anemia, eosinophilia,
thrombocytopenia, peripheral
neuropathy, hypersensitivity
reactions including Stevens-
Johnson syndrome and serum
sickness, superinfection.
Headache, pneumonitis,
anorexia, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, drug-induced
hepatitis, crystalluria,
oligospermia, orange-yellow
discoloration of urine, rashes,
exfoliative dermatitis,
photosensitivity, yellow
discoloration, agranulocytosis,
aplastic anemia, blood
dyscrasias, eosinophilia,
megaloblastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, peripheral
neuropathy, hypersensitivity
reactions including serum
sickness and Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, fever.
GI bleeding, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, rash, blood
dyscrasias, fever.
200
Sulfisoxazole/ Apo- anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
Sulfisoxazole, sulfonamides allergy to sulfonamides; and
Gantrisin intake and output ratios at
beginning of and throughout
therapy. Monitor CBC prior
to and monthly during
prolonged therapy. Monitor
urinalysis prior to and
periodically throughout
therapy for crystalluria and
formation of urinary calculi.
Sulindac/ Clinoril antirheumatics Patients who have asthma,
nonsteroidal anti aspirin-induced allergy, and
inflammatory nasal polyps are at
agents increased risk for developing
hypersensitivity reactions.
Monitor for rhinitis, asthma,
and urticaria; pain and
range of movement before
and after 1–2 wk of therapy.
Evaluate BUN, serum
creatinine, CBC, and liver
function periodically in
patients receiving prolonged
therapy.
Sumatriptan/ Imitrex, vascular headache Assess pain location,
Imitrex STATdose suppressants intensity, duration, and
five ht1 agonists associated symptoms during
migraine attack. Monitor
blood pressure before and
for 1 hr after initial
injection. If angina occurs,
monitor ECG for ischemic
changes.
Sunitinib/ Sutent antineoplastics Monitor for signs of CHF;
kinase inhibitors left ventricular ejection
fraction (LVEF); and
hypertension during
therapy. Monitor CBC with
platelet count and serum
chemistries including
phosphate at the beginning
of each treatment cycle.
Monitor thyroid function in
patients with symptoms of
hypothyroidism.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Tacrine/ Cognex anti-Alzheimers's Assess cognitive function
agents and heart rate periodically
cholinergics throughout therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
Ataxia, confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, mental
depression, psychosis,
restlessness, nausea, diarrhea,
anorexia, hepatitis, vomiting,
crystalluria, rash, exfoliative
dermatitis, photosensitivity,
agranulocytosis, aplastic
anemia, eosinophilia,
thrombocytopenia, peripheral
neuropathy, hypersensitivity
reactions including serum
sickness and Stevens-Johnson
syndrome, fever,
superinfection.
Dizziness, headache, tinnitus,
edema, GI bleeding, drug-
induced hepatitis, constipation,
diarrhea, discomfort,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
anorexia, renal failure,
exfoliative dermatitis, Stevens-
Johnson syndrome, toxic
epidermal necrolysis, rashes,
blood dyscrasias, prolonged
bleeding time, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and hypersensitivity
syndrome.
Dizziness, vertigo, tingling,
warm sensation, injection site
reaction, MI, angina, chest
pressure, chest tightness,
coronary vasospasm, ECG
changes, transient
hypertension, jaw discomfort,
muscle cramps, numbness.
Fatigue, dizziness,
myalgia,headache, CHF, back
pain, hypertension, peripheral
edema, fever, thromboembolic
events, diarrhea, dyspepsia,
nausea, stomatitis, vomiting,
rash, skin discoloration,
adrenal insufficiency,
hemorrhage, anemia,
lymphopenia, neutropenia,
limb pain, thrombocytopenia,
hyperuricemia, arthralgia.
Common Side Effects
Dizziness, headache,
bradycardia, GI bleeding,
anorexia, diarrhea, drug-
201
 cholinesterase
inhibitors
Tacrolimus (oral, IV)/ immunosuppressan Monitor blood pressure
Prograf ts closely during therapy.
Observe patients receiving
IV tacrolimus for the
development of anaphylaxis
for at least 30 min and
frequently thereafter.
Monitor CBC, serum
creatinine, potassium, and
glucose closely.
Tacrolimus (topical)/ immunosuppressan Assess skin lesions prior to
Protopic ts and periodically during
therapy.
Tadalafil/ Cialis erectile dysfunction Determine erectile
agents dysfunction before
phosphodiesterase administration. Tadalafil has
type 5 inhibitors no effect in the absence of
sexual stimulation.
Tamoxifen/ Soltamox antineoplastics Assess for an increase in
antiestrogens bone or tumor pain. Monitor
CBC, platelets, and calcium
levels before and during
therapy. Monitor serum
cholesterol and triglyceride
concentrations in patients
with pre-existing
hyperlipidemia.
Tamsulosin/ Flomax peripherally acting Assess patient for symptoms
antiadrenergics of prostatic hyperplasia;
first-dose orthostatic
hypotension and syncope;
intake and output ratios and
daily weight, and assess for
edema daily before and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Tapentadol/ Nucynta analgesics Assess type, location, and
(centrally acting) intensity of pain before and
opioid analgesics 1 hr (peak) after
opioid agonists administration. Assess blood
pressure and respiratory
rate; bowel function;
seizures; serotonin
Rev. 08/21/08
induced hepatitis, dyspepsia,
nausea, vomiting.
Seizures, dizziness, headache,
insomnia, tremor, cough,
pleural effusion, hypertension,
peripheral edema, GI bleeding,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
ascites, constipation, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, increased liver
function studies, nausea,
vomiting, nephrotoxicity,
urinary tract infection,
pruritus, rash, arthralgia,
hyperglycemia, fever,
hyperkalemia, generalized
pain, hyperlipidemia,
hypokalemia, leukopenia,
hypomagnesemia,
hypophosphatemia, anemia,
leukocytosis,
thrombocytopenia, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Erythema, pruritis, skin
infection, flu-like symptoms,
increased risk of
lymphoma/skin cancer.
Headache, hearing loss, vision
loss, nasal congestion,
hypotension, dyspepsia,
priapism, flushing, back pain,
limb pain, myalgia.
Confusion, depression,
headache, weakness, blurred
vision, pu.monary embolism,
stroke, edema, nausea,
vomiting, uterine
malignancies, vaginal
bleeding, hypercalcemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
hot flashes, bone pain, tumor
flare.
Dizziness, headache, rhinitis,
orthostatic hypotension,
retrograde/diminished
ejaculation.
Seizures, dizziness, headache,
somnolence, respiratory
depression, nausea, vomiting.
202
 syndrome during therapy.
Tegaserod/ Zelnorm anti irritable bowel Assess patient for symptoms
syndrome agents of IBS (abdominal pain or
five ht4 agonists discomfort, bloating,
constipation).
Telbivudine/ Tyzek antivirals Monitor signs of hepatitis
nucleoside and signs of myopathy
analogues during therapy.
Telithromycin/ Ketek anti-infectives Assess for infection (vital
ketolides signs; sputum, WBC) and
signs or symptoms of
hepatitis at beginning of and
during therapy. Monitor liver
function periodically during
therapy and if signs of
hepatitis occur.
Telmisartan/ Micardis antihypertensives Assess blood pressure
angiotensin ii (lying, sitting, standing) and
receptor pulse; and signs of
antagonists angioedema frequently
during initial dosage
adjustment and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
renal function.
Temazepam/ Restoril sedative/hypnotics Assess mental status; sleep
benzodiazepines patterns before and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Temozolomide/Temod antineoplastics Monitor patient for seizures.
ar alkylating agents Monitor CBC with differential
and platelet count.
Temsirolimus/ Torisel antineoplastics Assess for signs of
enzyme inhibitors hypersensitivity reactions;
kinase inhibitors signs of infection, including
opportunistic infection; and
signs of interstitial lung
disease during therapy.
Monitor CBC and platelet
count prior to and during
therapy. Monitor serum
glucose; cholesterol and
triglycerides; and liver
enzymes prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Tenecteplase/ TNKase thrombolytics Assess patients for bleeding
plasminogen every 15 min during the 1st
activators hr, every 15–30 min during
Rev. 08/21/08
Headache and diarrhea.
Fatigue, headache, ↑
hepatomegaly, neutropenia,
lactic acidosis, myopathy,
fever.
Loss of consciousness, visual
disturbances, arrhythmias,
QTc prolongation,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, hepatitis, HEPATIC
FAILURE, nausea,
exacerbation of myasthenia
gravis.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
hypotension, sinusitis,
hyperkalemia, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, dyspepsia, impaired
renal function, back pain,
myalgia, angioedema.
Abnormal thinking, behavior
changes, hangover, dizziness,
drowsiness, hallucinations,
lethargy, paradoxic excitation,
sleep—driving, blurred vision,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, rashes, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Seizures, fatigue, headache,
nausea, vomiting, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia.
Weakness, conjunctivitis,
hypertension, venous
thromboembolism, interstitial
lung disease, bowel
perforation, anorexia, ↑ liver
enzymes, mucositis, nausea,
renal failure, rash, abnormal
wound healing, hyperglycemia,
edema, hypophosphatemia,
anemia, leukopenia,
lymphopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hyperlipidemia,
hypertriglyceridemia,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis, ↑ risk of
infections.
Arrhthymias, cardiogenic
shock, cardiac tamponade,
embolism, heart failure,
203
 the next 8 hr and at least
every 4 hr for the duration
of therapy. Monitor vital
signs, including
temperature, every 4 hr
during course of therapy.
Assess neurologic status
throughout therapy. Monitor
ECG continuously in patients
with coronary thrombosis
for significant arrhythmias.
Assess intensity, character,
location, and radiation of
chest pain. Monitor heart
and breath sounds
frequently. Monitor
hematocrit, hemoglobin,
platelet count, prothrombin
time, thrombin time,
activated partial
thromboplastin time, and
fibrinolytic activity prior to
and frequently throughout
therapy.
Teniposide/Vumon, antineoplastics Monitor blood pressure prior
VM-26 podophyllotoxin to and every 15 min during
derivatives infusion. Monitor for
hypersensitivity reaction;
bone marrow depression;
intake and output, appetite,
and nutritional intake;
infusion and infusion site
during therapy. Monitor CBC
and differential prior to and
periodically throughout
therapy.
Tenofovir/ Viread antiretrovirals Monitor for change in
nucleoside reverse severity of HIV symptoms
transcriptase and for symptoms of
inhibitors opportunistic infection
before and during therapy.
Terazosin/ Hytrin antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure
peripherally acting (lying and standing) and
antiadrenergics pulse; first-dose orthostatic
reaction and syncope;
intake and output ratios and
daily weight; symptoms of
prostatic hyperplasia; and
edema frequently during
initial dose adjustment and
periodically during therapy.
Terbinafine/ Lamisil antifungals Inspect involved areas of
AT (topical) skin and mucous
membranes before and
Rev. 08/21/08
myocardial infarction,
myocardial rupture,
pericarditis, pericardial
effusion, pulmonary edema,
recurrent myocardial ischemia,
thrombosis, hypotension,
nausea, vomiting, bleeding,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever.
Acute CNS depression,
hypotension, diarrhea,
mucositis, nausea, vomiting,
alopecia, rashs, gonadal
suppression, neutropenia,
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, phlebitis at
IV site, peripheral
neurotoxicity, allergic
reactions including
anaphylaxis, fever.
Depression, headache,
weakness, hepatomegaly,
diarrhea, nausea, abdominal
pain, anorexia, vomiting,
flatulence, renal impairment,
lactic acidosis,
hypophosphatemia, rash, ↓
bone mineral density.
Dizziness, headache,
weakness, drowsiness,
nervousness, nasal congestion,
blurred vision, conjunctivitis,
sinusitis, dyspnea, first-dose
orthostatic hypotension,
arrhythmias, chest pain,
palpitations, peripheral edema,
tachycardia, nausea,
abdominal pain, paresthesia,
fever.
Burning, itching, local
hypersensitivity reactions,
redness, stinging.
204
 frequently during therapy.
Increased skin irritation may
indicate need to discontinue
medication.
Terbutaline/ bronchodilators Assess lung sounds, pulse,
Brethaire, Bricanyl adrenergics and blood pressure;
pulmonary function tests;
and paradoxical
bronchospasm before
initiating therapy and
periodically throughout.
Observe patient for drug
tolerance and rebound
bronchospasm.
Terconazole/ Terazol- antifungals Inspect involved areas of
3, Terazol-7 (vaginal) skin and mucous
membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Increased skin irritation may
indicate sensitization and
warrant discontinuation of
medication.
Teriparatide/ Forteo hormones Assess patient for bone
parathyroid mineral density before and
hormones periodically during therapy.
rDNA origin
Testosterone buccal hormones Monitor intake and output
system, androgens ratios, weigh patient twice
mucoadhesive/ Striant weekly, and assess patient
for edema. Monitor for
breast enlargement,
persistent erections, and
increased urge to urinate in
men. Monitor for difficulty
urinating in elderly men,
because prostate
enlargement may occur.
Testosterone hormones Monitor intake and output
cypionate/ Depo- androgens ratios, weigh patient twice
Testosterone weekly, and assess patient
for edema. Monitor for
precocious puberty in boys;
breast enlargement,
persistent erections, and
increased urge to urinate in
men; difficulty urinating in
elderly men, because
prostate enlargement may
occur.
Testosterone hormones Monitor intake and output
enanthate/ Delatestryl androgens ratios, weigh patient twice
weekly, and assess patient
for edema. Monitor for
precocious puberty in boys;
breast enlargement,
persistent erections, and
Rev. 08/21/08
Nervousness, restlessness,
tremor, headache, insomnia,
paradoxical bronchospasm
(excessive use of inhalers),
angina, arrhythmias,
hypertension, tachycardia,
nausea, vomiting,
hyperglycemia.
Abdominal pain,
dysmenorrhea, irritation,
itching, vulvovaginal burning,
fever.
Orthostatic hypotension and
muscle spasms.
Anxiety, fatigue, headache,
edema, abdominal cramps,
bitter taste, gingivitis, gum
edema, gum tenderness, liver
function test elevation,
nausea, taste perversion,
vomiting, priapism, prostatic
enlargement, acne,
gynecomastia,
hypercholesterolemia.
Deepening of voice, edema,
cholestatic jaundice, drug-
induced hepatitis, liver
function test elevation,
nausea, vomiting, change in
libido, erectile dysfunction,
priapism, prostatic
enlargement, gynecomastia,
hirsutism, oligospermia,
hypercholesterolemia,
hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia,
hyperphosphatemia, male
pattern baldness, pain at
injection site.
Deepening of voice, edema,
cholestatic jaundice, drug-
induced hepatitis, liver
function test elevation,
nausea, vomiting, women-—
change in libido, clitoral
enlargement, menstrual
205
 increased urge to urinate in
men; difficulty urinating in
elderly men, because
prostate enlargement may
occur.
Testosterone gel/ hormones Monitor intake and output
Androgel, Testim androgens ratios, weigh patient twice
weekly, and assess patient
for edema. Monitor for
breast enlargement,
persistent erections, and
increased urge to urinate in
men. Monitor for difficulty
urinating in elderly men,
because prostate
enlargement may occur.
Testosterone pellets/ hormones Monitor intake and output
Testopel androgens ratios, weigh patient twice
weekly, and assess patient
for edema. Monitor for
precocious puberty in boys;
breast enlargement,
persistent erections, and
increased urge to urinate in
men; difficulty urinating in
elderly men, because
prostate enlargement may
occur.
Testosterone hormones Monitor intake and output
transdermal system/ androgens ratios, weigh patient twice
Androderm weekly, and assess patient
for edema. Monitor for
breast enlargement,
persistent erections, and
increased urge to urinate in
men. Monitor for difficulty
urinating in elderly men,
because prostate
enlargement may occur.
Tetrabenazine/ antichoreas Assess signs of Huntington's
Xenazine reversible disease; new or worsening
monoamine depression or suicidality;
depleters signs of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome; onset
of akathisia; tardive
dyskinesia; blood pressure
sitting and standing
periodically during therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
irregularities, men-—erectile
dysfunction, priapism,
prostatic enlargement,
hypercholesterolemia, women-
—hirsutism, men-—
gynecomastia, oligospermia,
hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia,
hyperphosphatemia, male
pattern baldness, pain at
injection site.
Edema, hot flashes,
hypertension, liver function
test elevation, nausea,
vomiting, nocturia, priapism,
prostatic enlargement, urinary
hesitancy, urinary
incontinence, acne, breast
pain, change in libido,
gynecomastia,
hypercholesterolemia,
alopecia, dry skin, pruritis,
anemia, chronic skin irritation.
Deepening of voice, edema,
cholestatic jaundice, drug-
induced hepatitis, liver
function test elevation,
nausea, vomiting, change in
libido, erectile dysfunction,
priapism, prostatic
enlargement, gynecomastia,
hirsutism, oligospermia,
hypercholesterolemia,
hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia,
hyperphosphatemia, male
pattern baldness, pain at
implantation site.
Anxiety, confusion, depression,
fatigue, headache, vertigo,
edema, hypertension,
bleeding, increased appetite,
dysuria, erectile dysfunction,
priapism, prostatic
enlargement, urinary
incontinence, application site
reactions (e.g. pruritis,
blisters, erythema, burning),
rash, acne, decreased libido,
gynecomastia, paresthesia,
chronic skin irritation.
Anxiety, fatigue, insomnia,
depression, sedation/
somnolence, cognitive defects,
dizziness, headache, shortness
of breath, hypotension, QTc
prolongation, nausea,
dysphagia, akathisia, balance
difficulty, dysarthria,
parkinsonism, unsteady gait,
206

Tetracaine/Pontocaine anesthetics topical Assess type, location, and
, Viractin local intensity of pain before and
a few minutes after
administration of anesthetic.
Assess integrity of involved
skin and mucous
membranes before and
periodically throughout
course of therapy.
Tetracycline/ anti-infectives Assess patient for infection.
Achromycin, Renal and hepatic functions
Panmycin, Sumycin, and CBC should be
Robitet, Tetracyn monitored periodically
during long-term therapy.
Thalidomide/ immunosuppressan Assess patient monthly for
Thalomid ts initial 3 months and
periodically during therapy
to detect early signs of
peripheral neuropathy.
Monitor for signs of
hypersensitivity reaction;
venous thromboembolism;
and side effects periodically
during therapy.
Theophylline/Elixophyl bronchodilators Assess blood pressure,
lin, xanthines pulse, respiratory status;
Quibron-T, Theochron, intake and output ratios for
Theo-24, Uniphyl an increase in diuresis or
fluid overload; chest pain
and ECG changes; and
pulmonary function tests
before and periodically
during therapy.
Thiamine/ Biamine, vitamins Assess patient for signs and
vitamin B1 water soluble symptoms of thiamine
vitamins deficiency; andnutritional
status prior to and
throughout therapy. Monitor
patients receiving IV
thiamine for anaphylaxis
(wheezing, urticaria,
edema).
Thiethylperazine/Norzi antiemetics Assess patient for nausea
ne, phenothiazines and vomiting prior to and
Torecan 30–60 min following
administration. Monitor
blood pressure (sitting,
standing, lying down),
pulse, and respiratory rate;
level of sedation; onset of
akathisia; tardive
dyskinesia; development of
neuroleptic malignant
Rev. 08/21/08
neuroleptic malignant
syndrome.
mucosal use—decreased or
absent gag reflex, topical use
—burning, edema, irritation,
stinging, tenderness, urticaria,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Benign intracranial
hypertension (increased in
children), dizziness, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, esophagitis,
hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis,
photosensitivity, rashes, blood
dyscrasias, hypersensitivity
reactions, superinfection.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
bradycardia, edema,
orthostatic hypotension,
thromboembolic events,
constipation, rash,
photosensitivity, neutropenia,
peripheral neuropathy, severe
birth defects, hypersensitivity
reactions, increased HIV viral
load.
Seizures, anxiety, headache,
insomnia, irritability,
arrhythmias, tachycardia,
angina, palpitations, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, tremor.
Restlessness, weakness,
tightness of the throat,
pulmonary edema, respiratory
distress, vascular collapse,
hypotension, vasodilation, GI
bleeding, nausea, cyanosis,
pruritus, sweating, tingling,
urticaria, warmth,
angioedema.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, sedation, cerebral
vascular spasm,
extrapyramidal reactions,
headache, restlessness,
tardive dyskinesia, dry eyes,
blurred vision, lens opacities,
tinnitus, hypotension,
peripheral edema,
constipation, dry mouth,
altered taste, anorexia, drug-
207
 syndrome prior to and
frequently during initial
therapy. CBC and liver
function tests should be
evaluated periodically
throughout course of
prolonged therapy.
Thioguanine/ antineoplastics Monitor for bone marrow
6-thioguanine antimetabolites depression; bleeding; intake
and output, appetite, and
nutritional intake; increased
fatigue, dyspnea, and
orthostatic hypotension;
signs of infection; and
symptoms of tumor lysis
syndrome during therapy.
Monitor CBC and differential
at least weekly, daily in
patients with elevated
leukocyte counts.
Thioridazine/ Mellaril, antipsychotics Assess mental status;
Mellaril-S phenothiazines positive (delusions,
hallucinations, agitation)
and negative (social
withdrawal) symptoms of
schizophrenia; weight and
BMI; blood pressure (sitting,
standing, lying), ECG, pulse,
and respiratory rate; level of
sedation; intake and output
ratios and daily weight;
onset of akathisia; tardive
dyskinesia; and
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome before
and periodically during
therapy.
Thiotepa/ Thioplex antineoplastics Monitor vital signs; bone
alkylating agents marrow depression;
bleeding; intake and output,
appetite, and nutritional
intake; and symptoms of
tumor lysis syndrome prior
to and periodically during
therapy. Monitor CBC and
differential prior to and
weekly during therapy and
for at least 3 wk after
therapy.
Thiothixene/ Navane antipsychotics Assess mental status;
(conventional) positive (delusions,
thioxanthenes hallucinations, agitation)
and negative (social
withdrawal) symptoms of
schizophrenia; weight and
BMI; blood pressure (sitting,
standing, lying), ECG, pulse,
Rev. 08/21/08
induced hepatitis, ileus,
urinary retention,
photosensitivity, pigment
changes, rashes, galactorrhea,
agranulocytosis, leucopenia,
hyperthermia, trigeminal
neuralgia, allergic reactions.
Loss of vibratory sense,
diarrhea, hepatotoxicity,
jaundice, nausea, stomatitis,
vomiting, anorexia, hepatic
veno-occlusive disease,
gonadal suppression,
dermatitis, rash, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
pancytopenia, hyperuricemia,
unsteady gait.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, sedation,
extrapyramidal reactions,
tardive dyskinesia, blurred
vision, dry eyes, lens
opacities, pigmentary
retinopathy, arrhythmias, QTC
prolongation, hypotension,
tachycardia, constipation, dry
mouth, anorexia, drug-induced
hepatitis, ileus, weight gain,
urinary retention, priapism,
photosensitivity, pigment
changes, rashes, galactorrhea,
amenorrhea, agranulocytosis,
leucopenia, hyperthermia,
allergic reactions.
Dizziness, headache, blurred
vision, throat tightness,
anorexia, nausea, stomatitis,
vomiting, gonadal suppression,
dysuria, urinary retention,
alopecia, hives, pruritus, rash,
anemia, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, pain at IV
site, pain at site of
intracavitary instillation,
hyperuricemia, allergic
reactions, fever, fatigue,
weakness.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, extrapyramidal
reactions, sedation, tardive
dyskinesia, seizures, blurred
vision, dry eyes, lens
opacities, hypotension,
tachycardia, non-specific ECG
changes, constipation, dry
208
 and respiratory rate; level of
sedation; intake and output
ratios and daily weight;
onset of akathisia; tardive
dyskinesia; and
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome before
and periodically during
therapy.
Thyroid/ Armour hormones Assess apical pulse and
thyroid, thyroid blood pressure prior to and
Thyrar, Thyroid preparations periodically during therapy.
Strong, Assess for tachyarrhythmias
Westhroid and chest pain. Monitor
thyroid function studies
prior to and during therapy.
Monitor blood and urine
glucose in diabetic patients.
Tiagabine/ Gabitril anticonvulsants Assess location, duration,
and characteristics of
seizure activity. Assess
mental status.
Ticarcillin/clavulanate/ anti-infectives Assess patient for infection
/ extended spectrum (vital signs; appearance of
Timentin penicillins wound, sputum, urine, and
stool; WBC); determine use
of and reactions to
penicillins or
cephalosporins; and signs
and symptoms of
anaphylaxis at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Evaluate renal and hepatic
function, CBC, serum
potassium, and bleeding
times prior to and routinely
throughout therapy
Ticlopidine/ Ticlid antiplatelet agents Assess patient for symptoms
platelet of stroke periodically
aggregation throughout therapy. Monitor
inhibitors bleeding time throughout
therapy. Monitor CBC with
differential and platelet
count every 2 wk from the
2nd wk to the end of the 3rd
mo of therapy; more
frequently if absolute
neutrophil count (ANC) is
declining or <30% of
baseline.
Tigecycline/ Tygacil anti-infectives Assess patient for infection
glycylcyclines (vital signs; appearance of
wound, sputum, urine, and
stool; WBC) at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Tiludronate/ Skelid bone resorption Assess for symptoms of
inhibitors Paget's disease (bone pain,
Rev. 08/21/08
mouth, anorexia, ileus,
nausea, urinary retention,
photosensitivity, pigment
changes, rashes, breast
enlargement, galactorrhea,
leukocytosis, leucopenia,
hyperpyrexia, allergic
reactions.
Insomnia, irritability,
headache, arrhythmias,
tachycardia, angina pectoris,
abdominal cramps, diarrhea,
vomiting, hyperhidrosis,
hyperthyroidism, menstrual
irregularities, weight loss, heat
intolerance, accelerated bone
maturation in children.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
nervousness, weakness, chest
pain, edema, ataxia, tremors,
epistaxis.
Seizures, confusion, lethargy,
CHF, arrhythmias,
pseudomembranous colitis,
diarrhea, nausea, hematuria
(children only), rashes,
urticaria, hypokalemia,
hypernatremia, bleeding,
blood dyscrasias, increased
bleeding time, phlebitis,
metabolic alkalosis,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis,
superinfection.
Dizziness, headache,
weakness, epistaxis, tinnitus,
diarrhea, abnormal liver
function tests, anorexia, GI
fullness, GI pain, nausea,
vomiting, hematuria, rashes,
ecchymoses, pruritus,
urticaria, agranulocytosis,
aplastic anemia, intracerebral
bleeding, neutropenia,
bleeding, thrombocytopenia,
hypercholesterolemia,
hypertriglyceridemia.
Pseudomembranous colitis,
nausea, vomiting, changes in
heart rate, vasodilation,
injection site reactions, allergic
reactions, anorexia, dry
mouth, jaundice.
Anxiety, drowsiness, cataracts,
rhinitis, chest pain, abdominal
209
 biphosphonates headache, decreased visual
and auditory acuity,
increased skull size).
Monitor alkaline
phosphatase prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Timolol/ Blocadren antihypertensives Monitor blood pressure and
vascular headache pulse frequently during dose
suppressants adjustment; orthostatic
beta blockers hypotension; intake and
output ratios and daily
weight; and evidence of
fluid overload period and
periodically during therapy.
Assess frequency, severity,
characteristics, and location
of vascular headaches
periodically during therapy.
Tinidazole/ Tindamax antiprotozoals Assess patient for symptoms
imidazoles of infection (discharge,
itching); and neurologic
status during and after IV
infusions prior to and during
therapy.
Tinzaparin/ Innohep anticoagulants Assess for signs of bleeding
antithrombotics and hemorrhage; and
neurological status
frequently for signs of
neurological impairment
during therapy.
Tioconazole/1–Day, antifungals Inspect involved areas of
Monistat-1Day, (vaginal) skin and mucous
Vagistat-1 membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Increased skin irritation may
indicate need to discontinue
medication.
Tiotropium/ Spiriva bronchodilators Assess respiratory status
anticholinergics (rate, breath sounds, degree
of dyspnea, pulse) before
administration and at peak
of medication. If paradoxical
bronchospasm (wheezing)
occurs, withhold medication
and notify physician or other
health care professional
immediately.
Tipranavir/ Aptivus antiretrovirals Assess for change in
protease inhibitors severity of HIV symptoms
and for symptoms of
opportunistic infections
during therapy. Monitor for
hepatitis and sulfa allergy.
Monitor viral load and CD4
counts; triglyceride and
Rev. 08/21/08
pain, anorexia, urinary tract
infection, flushing,
musculoskeletal pain,
arthrosis, paresthesia, dry
mouth, dysphagia,
hypertension, peripheral
edema.
Fatigue, weakness,
arrhythmias, bradycardia,
CHF, pulmonary edema,
erectile dysfunction,
anaphylaxis, arthralgia, back
pain, muscle cramps,
paresthesia, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, anxiety,
depression, dizziness,
drowsiness, insomnia, memory
loss, mental status changes,
nervousness, nightmares,
itching, rashes, nasal
stuffiness.
Dizziness, headache, malaise,
constipation, dyspepsia,
metallic/bitter taste, vomiting,
transient
leukopenia/neutropenia.
Increased liver function tests,
bleeding, thrombocytopenia,
ecchymoses, hematoma, local
irritation, pain,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Irritation, vulvovaginal
burning.
Glaucoma, paradoxical
bronchospasm, ↑ heart rate,
dry mouth, constipation,
urinary difficulty, urinary
retention, hypersensitivity
reactions including
angioedema.
Intracranial hemorrhage,
fatigue, headache,
hepatotoxicity, abdominal
pain, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, rash (↑ in women
and peds), hyperglycemia, ↑
cholesterol, ↑ triglycerides,
allergic reactions, bleeding, fat
210
 cholesterol levels; and blood
glucose prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Tirofiban/ Aggrastat antiplatelet agents Assess patient for bleeding
glycoprotein iib iiia and signs of
inhibitors thrombocytopenia during
therapy. Assess hemoglobin,
hematocrit, and platelet
count prior to tirofiban
therapy, within 6 hr
following loading infusion,
and at least daily during
therapy.
Tizanidine/ Zanaflex antispasticity Assess muscle spasticity;
agents blood pressure and pulse;
(centrally acting) and drowsiness, dizziness,
adrenergics and asthenia before and
periodically during therapy.
Monitor liver function tests
before and at 1, 3, and 6
mo of therapy.
Tobramycin/Nebcin, anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
TOBI aminoglycosides eighth cranial nerve
function; intake and output
and daily weight to assess
hydration status and renal
function; and signs of
superinfection at beginning
of and throughout therapy.
Tocainide/ Tonocard antiarrhythmics ECG, pulse, lungs, and blood
(class IB) pressure should be
monitored before and
periodically throughout
therapy. CBC and WBC with
differential and platelet
counts should be monitored
weekly during the first 3 mo
of therapy and frequently
thereafter.
Tolazamide/ Tolamide, antidiabetics Observe patient for signs
Tolinase sulfonylureas and symptoms of
hypoglycemic reactions.
Assess patient for allergy to
sulfonamides; intake and
output ratios and daily
weight during therapy.
Monitor CBC periodically
throughout therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
redistribution, fever, immune
reconstitution syndrome.
Dizziness, headache,
bradycardia, coronary
dissection, edema, vasovagal
reaction, nausea, hives, rash,
bleeding, thrombocytopenia,
leg pain, fever,
hypersensitivity reactions,
pelvic pain, sweating.
Anxiety, depression, dizziness,
sedation, weakness,
dyskinesia, hallucinations,
nervousness, blurred vision,
pharyngitis, rhinitis,
hypotension, bradycardia,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry
mouth, dyspepsia,
constipation, hepatocellular
injury, increased liver
enzymes, vomiting, urinary
frequency, rash, skin ulcers,
sweating, back pain,
myasthenia, paresthesia,
fever, speech disorder.
Ototoxicity (vestibular and
cochlear)Ophth only : burning,
stinging, blurred vision (oint
only), Inhalation only—
tinnitus, voice alteration,
nephrotoxicity,
hypomagnesemia, muscle
paralysis, hypersensitivity
reactions.
Seizures, changes in mood,
drowsiness, hallucinations,
headache, restlessness,
tremor, blurred vision,
pulmonary fibrosis, sinus
arrest, CHF, arrhythmias,
bradycardia, hypotension,
palpitations, tachycardia,
anorexia, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, agranulocytosis.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, weakness,
constipation, cramps, diarrhea,
drug-induced hepatitis,
dyspepsia, increased appetite,
nausea, vomiting,
photosensitivity, rashes,
hypoglycemia, hyponatremia,
aplastic anemia,
agranulocytosis, leukopenia,
pancytopenia,
211

Tolbutamide/ Orinase, antidiabetics Observe patient for signs
Tol-Tab sulfonylureas and symptoms of
hypoglycemic reactions.
Assess patient for allergy to
sulfonamides; intake and
output ratios and daily
weight during therapy.
Monitor CBC periodically
throughout therapy.
Tolcapone/ Tasmar antiparkinson Assess patient for signs and
agents symptoms of Parkinson's
catechol o disease and blood pressure
methyltransferase periodically throughout
inhibitors therapy. Monitor liver
function tests monthly
during the first 3 mo of
therapy and every 6 wk for
the next 6 wk of treatment.
Tolmetin/ Tolectin, antirheumatics Patients who have asthma,
Tolectin DS nonsteroidal anti aspirin-induced allergy, and
inflammatory nasal polyps are at
agents increased risk for developing
hypersensitivity reactions.
Monitor for rhinitis, asthma,
and urticaria; pain and
range of motion prior to and
weekly during therapy.
Evaluate BUN, serum
creatinine, CBC, and liver
function periodically in
patients receiving prolonged
therapy.
Tolnaftate/ Podactin, antifungals Inspect involved areas of
Q- (topical) skin and mucous
Naftate, Tinactin, Ting membranes before and
frequently during therapy.
Increased skin irritation may
indicate need to discontinue
medication.
Tolterodine/ Detrol, urinary tract Assess patient for urinary
Detrol LA antispasmodics urgency, frequency, and
anticholinergics urge incontinence
periodically throughout
therapy.
Topiramate/ Topamax anticonvulsants Assess location, duration,
mood stabilizers and characteristics of
seizure activity; pain
location, intensity, duration,
and associated symptoms;
Rev. 08/21/08
thrombocytopenia.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, weakness,
constipation, cramps, diarrhea,
drug-induced hepatitis,
heartburn, increased appetite,
nausea, vomiting,
photosensitivity, rashes,
hypoglycemia, hyponatremia,
aplastic anemia,
agranulocytosis, leukopenia,
pancytopenia,
thrombocytopenia.
Headache, sleep disorder,
hallucinations, syncope,
orthostatic hypotension,
hepatotoxicity, hepatic failure,
constipation, diarrhea,
anorexia, elevated liver
enzymes, nausea, vomiting,
hematuria, yellow discoloration
of urine, increased sweating,
dyskinesia, dystonia.
Dizziness, headache,
drowsiness, mental
depression, sleep
disturbances, tinnitus, visual
disturbances, edema,
hypertension, drug-induced
hepatitis, GI bleeding,
diarrhea, discomfort,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
constipation, flatulence, renal
failure, exfoliative, dermatitis,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome,
toxic epidermal necrolysis,
rashes, prolonged bleeding
time, muscle weakness,
allergic reactions including
anaphylaxis.
Burning, itching, local
hypersensitivity reactions,
redness, stinging.
Headache, dizziness, blurred
vision, dry eyes, dry mouth,
constipation, dyspepsia.
Increased seizures, dizziness,
drowsiness, fatigue, impaired
concentration/memory,
nervousness, psychomotor
slowing, speech problems,
212
 and manic symptoms
throughout therapy. Monitor
CBC with differential and
platelet count before
therapy to determine
baseline levels and
periodically during therapy.
Hepatic function should be
monitored periodically
throughout therapy.
Evaluate serum bicarbonate
prior to and periodically
during therapy.
Topotecan/ Hycamtin antineoplastics Monitor vital signs; bone
enzyme inhibitors marrow depression;
bleeding; signs of infection;
Nausea and vomiting; IV
site frequently for
extravasation during
therapy. Monitor CBC with
differential and platelet
count prior to administration
and frequently during
therapy. Monitor liver
function.
Toremifene/ Fareston antineoplastics Assess for an increase in
antiestrogens bone or tumor pain.
Gynecologic examinations
should be done regularly;
may cause variations in
Papanicolaou and vaginal
smears. Monitor CBC,
platelets, and calcium levels
prior to and throughout
therapy. Monitor hepatic
function tests periodically
during therapy.
Torsemide/ Demadex antihypertensives Assess fluid status; daily
loop diuretics weight, intake and output
ratios, amount and location
of edema, lung sounds, skin
turgor, and mucous
membranes; blood pressure
and pulse; anorexia,
nausea, vomiting, muscle
cramps, paresthesia, and
confusion; tinnitus and
hearing loss; and allergy to
sulfonamides during
therapy. Monitor
electrolytes, renal and
hepatic function, serum
glucose, and uric acid levels
before and periodically
during therapy.
Tositumomab (I 131 antineoplastics Observe patient for signs
tositumomab)/ Bexxar monoclonal and symptoms of
Rev. 08/21/08
sedation, abnormal vision,
diplopia, nystagmus, nausea,
weight loss, ataxia,
paresthesia, suicide attempt,
aggressive reaction, agitation,
anxiety, cognitive disorders,
confusion, depression,
malaise, mood problems,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
constipation, dry mouth,
kidney stones, tremor, fever,
leukopenia.
Headache, fatigue, weakness,
dyspnea, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
anorexia, constipation,
increased liver enzymes,
stomatitis, alopecia, anemia,
leukopenia, thrombocytopenia,
arthralgia.
Depression, dizziness,
headache, lethargy, blurred
vision, cataracts, corneal
keratopathy, dry eyes,
glaucoma, CHF, MI, pulmonary
embolism, angina,
arrhythmias, edema,
thrombophlebitis, nausea,
elevated liver enzymes,
vomiting, vaginal discharge,
vaginal bleeding, sweating,
hypercalcemia, anemia, hot
flashes, tumor flare.
Dizziness, headache,
nervousness, hearing loss,
tinnitus, hypotension,
constipation, diarrhea, dry
mouth, dyspepsia, nausea,
vomiting, excessive urination,
photosensitivity, rash,
hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia,
dehydration, hypocalcemia,
hypochloremia, hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia,
hyponatremia, hypovolemia,
metabolic alkalosis, arthralgia,
muscle cramps, myalgia,
increased BUN.
Dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, weakness, edema,
213
 antibodies anaphylaxis; infusional
radiolabled toxicity during or within 48
monoclonal hr of infusion; and signs of
antibodies hypothyroidism periodically
during therapy. Monitor CBC
prior to and at least weekly
for at least 10–12 wks or
until severe cytopenias have
resolved. Monitor serum
creatinine levels
immediately prior to
administration.
Trace metal mineral electrolyte Assess nutritional status by
combination replacements 24-hr recall prior to therapy.
additive/ supplements Monitor patient for signs and
Concentrated symptoms of trace metal
Multiple Trace deficiencies prior to and
Element, throughout therapy.
ConTE-PAK-4, M.T.E.- Chromium—glucose
4, intolerance, ataxia,
M.T.E.-4 peripheral neuropathy,
Concentrated, confusion. Copper—
M.T.E.-5, M.T.E.-5 leukopenia, neutropenia,
Concentrated, M.T.E.- anemia, iron deficiency,
6, skeletal abnormalities,
M.T.E.-6 defective tissue formation.
Concentrated, Iodine—impaired thyroid
M.T.E.-7, MulTE-PAK- function, goiter, cretinism.
4, Manganese—nausea,
MulTE-PAK-5, Multiple vomiting, weight loss,
Trace Element, dermatitis, changes in hair.
Multiple Molybdenum—tachycardia,
Trace Element tachypnea, headache, night
Neonatal, blindness, nausea, vomiting,
Multiple Trace edema, lethargy,
Element disorientation, coma,
Pediatric, Neotrace 4, hypouricemia,
PedTE-PAK-4, hypouricosuria. Selenium—
Pedtrace- cardiomyopathy, muscle
4, P.T.E.-4, P.T.E.-5 pain, kwashiorkor, Keshan
disease. Zinc—diarrhea,
apathy, depression,
anorexia, hypogonadism,
growth retardation, anemia,
hepatosplenomegaly,
impaired wound healing,
decreased sense of taste
and smell.
Tramadol/ Ultram, Analgesics Assess type, location, and
Ultram ER (centrally acting) intensity of pain before and
2–3 hr (peak) after
administration. Assess blood
pressure and respiratory
rate; bowel function;
seizures; serotonin
syndrome; serotonin
syndrome; neuromuscular
aberrations; gastrointestinal
Rev. 08/21/08
hypotension, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
hypothyroidism, neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
weight loss, arthralgia, back
pain, myalgia, neck pain,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis,
infusional toxicity, fever, pain,
secondary malignancies.
Chromium—COMA, Seizures,
GI ulceration, hepatic damage,
nausea, renal damage,
vomiting, Copper—behavioral
changes, diarrhea, peripheral
edema, photophobia,
progressive marasmus,
weakness, Iodine—acneiform
skin lesions, headache,
increased salivation, metallic
taste, parotitis, runny nose,
sneezing, sore mouth, swelling
of eyelids, Manganese—
anorexia, apathy, gait
disturbances, headache,
erectile dysfunction, irritability,
speech difficulties,
Molybdenum—gout-like
syndrome, Selenium—garlic-
like breath, garlic-like sweat,
GI discomfort, hair loss,
mental depression, metallic
taste, nervousness, vomiting,
weak nails, Zinc—blurred
vision, hypotension, jaundice,
loss of consciousness, oliguria,
pulmonary edema,
tachycardia, toxicity poorly
defined but may include
hypothermia, vomiting.
Seizures, dizziness, headache,
somnolence, anxiety, CNS
stimulation, confusion,
coordination disturbance,
euphoria, malaise,
nervousness, sleep disorder,
weakness, visual disturbances,
vasodilation, constipation,
nausea, abdominal pain,
anorexia, diarrhea, dry mouth,
214
 symptoms before and
periodically during
administration.
Trandolapril/ Mavik antihypertensives Monitor BP, pulse, and signs
ace inhibitors of angioedema. Monitor
weight and assess patient
routinely for resolution of
fluid overload. Monitor renal
function.
Tranexamic acid/ hemostatic agents Observe site of surgery for
Cyklokapron antifibrinolytics excessive bleeding. Patients
plasminogen taking tranexamic acid for
inactivators more than several days
should have ophthalmologic
examinations to detect
visual abnormalities prior to
and at regular intervals
during and after therapy.
Tranylcypromine/ antidepressants Assess mental status, mood
Parnate monamine oxidase changes, and anxiety level;
inhibitors intake and output ratios and
daily weight; peripheral
edema and urinary
retention; blood pressure
and pulse rate before and
frequently during therapy.
Assess hepatic function
periodically during
prolonged or high-dose
therapy. Monitor serum
glucose closely in diabetic
patients
Trastuzumab/ antineoplastics Assess for infusion-related
Herceptin monoclonal symptoms; severe
antibodies reactions; signs and
symptoms of HF; and signs
of pulmonary
hypersensitivity reactions
prior to and frequently
during therapy.
Trazodone/Trialodine Antidepressant Assess mental status,
suicidal tendencies, blood
pressure and pulse rate
before and during initial
therapy.
Treprostinil/ vasodilators Monitor patient for signs of
Remodulin prostacyclins improvement in pulmonary
arterial hypertension and
infusion site reactions
periodically throughout
therapy.
Tretinoin (oral)/ antineoplastics Monitor patient for retinoic
Vesanoid retinoids acid–acute promyelocytic
Rev. 08/21/08
dyspepsia, flatulence,
vomiting, menopausal
symptoms, urinary
retention/frequency, pruritus,
sweating, hypertonia, physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance.
Weakness, cough,
hypotension, hyperuricemia,
diarrhea, dyspepsia, impaired
renal function, rashes,
hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia,
myalgia, angioedema.
Dizziness, visual abnormalities,
hypotension,
thromboembolism, thrombosis,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting.
Seizures, confusion, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache,
insomnia, restlessness,
tremor, paresthesia,
weakness, blurred vision,
tinnitus, hypertensive crisis,
edema, orthostatic
hypotension, tachycardia,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
rashes, constipation, diarrhea,
dry mouth, hepatitis, nausea,
sexual dysfunction, urinary
retention, agranulocytosis,
leukopenia, muscle spasm,
thrombocytopenia, alopecia.
Abdominal pain, anorexia,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
rash, back pain, chills, fever,
infection, pain, interstitial
pneumonitis, pulmonary
edema, pulmonary fibrosis,
arrhythmias, HF,
hypersensitivity reactions.
drowsiness, confusion,
hypotension, dry mouth,
constipation
Dizziness, headache,
vasodilation, hypotension,
edema, diarrhea, nausea,
rash, pruritus, flushing,
infusion site pain/reaction, jaw
pain.
Seizures, anxiety, confusion,
depression, dizziness, fatigue,
215
 leukemia (RA-APL)
syndrome, and risk is
increased if leukocytosis
occurs during therapy.
Monitor WBC frequently
during therapy; may cause
rapidly progressing
leukocytosis. Monitor
hepatic function tests;
Cholesterol and triglyceride
concentrations frequently
during therapy.
Tretinoin (topical)/ antiacne agents Assess skin prior to and
Altinac, Avita, Retin- retinoids periodically during therapy.
A, Transient worsening of acne
Retin-A Micro, may occur at initiation of
Renova, therapy.
vitamin A Acid
Triamcinolone/ anti inflammatories Monitor respiratory status
Azmacort steroidal and lung sounds; signs of
corticosteroids adrenal insufficiency;
withdrawal symptoms; and
growth rate in children
during therapy. Periodic
adrenal function tests may
be ordered to assess degree
of hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
therapy.
Triamcinolone (nasal)/ anti inflammatories Monitor degree of nasal
Nasacort AQ, Tri- steroidal stuffiness, amount and color
Nasal of nasal discharge, and
frequency of sneezing.
Patients on long-term
therapy should have
periodic otolaryngologic
examinations to monitor
nasal mucosa and passages
for infection or ulceration
Triamcinolone anti inflammatories Assess patient for signs of
(systemic)/ steroidal adrenal insufficiency; intake
Aristospan, (intermediate- and output ratios and daily
Kenalog, Trivaris acting) weights; peripheral edema,
immunosuppressan steady weight gain, rales/
ts crackles, or dyspnea prior to
and periodically throughout
therapy. Monitor serum
electrolytes and glucose.
Periodic adrenal function
tests may be ordered to
assess degree of
hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal axis suppression in
systemic and chronic topical
therapy.
Rev. 08/21/08
headache, insomnia, malaise,
pseudotumor cerebri,
weakness, cardiac failure, MI,
stroke, arrhythmias, chest
discomfort, edema,
hypertension, hypotension,
peripheral edema, phlebitis,
renal insufficiency,
disseminated intravascular
coagulation, hemorrhage,
leukocytosis, weight gain,
weight loss, paresthesias,
fever, infections, pain.
Photosensitivity, redness,
blistering, edema, crusting,
hyperpigmentation,
hypopigmentation.
Headache, rash, pharyngitis,
dysphonia, oropharyngeal
fungal infections, sinusitis,
bronchospasm, wheezing,
abdominal pain, diarrhea, dry
mouth, vomiting, adrenal
suppression, decreased growth
(children), weight gain, vaginal
moniliasis, back pain, myalgia,
flu-like syndrome.
Headache, epistaxis, nasal
burning, nasal irritation,
nasopharyngeal fungal
infection, otitis media,
pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis,
sneezing, vomiting, adrenal
suppression (increased dose,
long-term therapy only),
cough.
Depression, euphoria,
hypertension, peptic
ulceration, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, acne, decreased
wound healing, ecchymoses,
fragility, hirsutism, petechiae,
adrenal suppression,
hyperglycemia, fluid retention,
hypokalemia,
thromboembolism,
thrombophlebitis, weight gain,
weight loss, muscle wasting,
osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis
of joints, muscle pain,
cushingoid appearance,
increased susceptibility to
infection.
216
Triamcinolone anti inflammatories Assess affected skin prior to
(topical)/ steroidal and daily during therapy.
Aristocort, Delta- Note degree of inflammation
Tritex, corticosteroids and pruritus. Periodic
Flutex, Kenalog, adrenal function tests may
Kenonel be ordered to assess degree
of hypothalamic-pituitary-
adrenal (HPA) axis
suppression in chronic
topical therapy if suspected.
Triamterene/ diuretics Monitor intake and output
Dyrenium (potassium- ratios and daily weight;
sparing) signs and symptoms of
hypokalemia or
hyperkalemia during
therapy. Evaluate serum
potassium levels; BUN,
serum creatinine, and
electrolytes; platelet count
and total and differential
leukocyte count prior to and
routinely during therapy.
Triazolam/ Halcion sedative/hypnotics Assess sleep patterns prior
benzodiazepines to and periodically
throughout therapy. Assess
CNS effects and risk of falls
in elderly. Prolonged high-
dose therapy may lead to
psychological or physical
dependence.
Trifluoperazine/ antipsychotics Assess mental status and
Stelazine (conventional) degree of anxiety; weight
phenothiazines and BMI; positive
(hallucinations, delusions,
agitation) and negative
(social withdrawal)
symptoms of schizophrenia;
blood pressure (sitting,
standing, lying), ECG, pulse,
and respiratory rate; level of
sedation; intake and output
ratios and daily weight;
onset of akathisia; tardive
dyskinesia; and
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome prior to
and periodically during
therapy.
Trihexyphenidyl/ antiparkinson Assess parkinsonian and
Artane, Trihexane, agents extrapyramidal symptoms;
Trihexy anticholinergics intake and output ratios and
assess patient for urinary
retention prior to and
throughout therapy.
Trimethoprim/ anti-infectives Assess patient for urinary
Primsol, folate antagonists tract infection or other signs
Proloprim, Trimpex of infection; and intake and
Rev. 08/21/08
Allergic contact dermatitis,
atrophy, burning, dryness,
edema, folliculitis,
hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertrichosis,
hypopigmentation, irritation,
maceration, miliaria, perioral
dermatitis, secondary
infection, striae, adrenal
suppression
Dizziness, arrhythmias,
nausea, vomiting, erectile
dysfunction, bluish urine,
nephrolithiasis,
photosensitivity,
hyperkalemia, hyponatremia,
blood dyscrasias, muscle
cramps, allergic reactions.
Dizziness, excessive sedation,
hangover, headache, blurred
vision, constipation, diarrhea,
nausea, vomiting, rashes,
physical dependence,
psychological dependence,
tolerance, confusion,
hallucinations.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, extrapyramidal
reactions, sedation, tardive
dyskinesia, dry eyes, blurred
vision, lens opacities,
hypotension, tachycardia,
constipation, anorexia, dry
mouth, hepatitis, ileus, urinary
retention, priapism,
photosensitivity, pigment
changes, rashes, galactorrhea,
amenorrhea, agranulocytosis,
leucopenia, hyperthermia,
allergic reactions.
Dizziness, nervousness,
confusion, drowsiness,
headache, psychoses,
weakness, blurred vision,
mydriasis, orthostatic
hypotension, tachycardia, dry
mouth, nausea.
Altered taste, epigastric
discomfort, glossitis, nausea,
vomiting, drug-induced
217
 output ratios at beginning of
and throughout therapy.
Monitor CBC and urinalysis
periodically throughout
therapy.
Trimethoprim/ anti-infectives Assess for infection; IV site;
sulfamethoxazole// antiprotozoals allergy to sulfonamides;
Bactrim, Bactrim DS, folate antagonists intake and output ratios at
Cofatrim, Cotrim, sulfonamides beginning of and during
Cotrim therapy. Monitor CBC and
DS, Septra, Septra urinalysis periodically during
DS, therapy.
SMZ/TMP, Sulfatrim,
Sulfatrim DS,
TMP/SMX,
TMP/SMZ
Trimipramine/ antidepressants Monitor blood pressure and
Surmontil tricyclic pulse; ECG; mental status
antidepressants and affect; suicidal
tendencies; bipolar disorder
before and during initial
therapy. Assess leukocyte
and differential blood
counts, liver function, and
serum glucose before and
periodically during therapy.
Triprolidine antihistamines Assess symptoms (rhinitis,
conjunctivitis, hives); and
lung sounds and character
of bronchial secretions prior
to and periodically
throughout therapy.
Triptorelin/Trelstar antineoplastics Assess patient for symptoms
Depot hormones of prostate cancer; signs
and symptoms of
anaphylaxis; bone pain,
neuropathy, hematuria,
urethral or bladder outlet
obstruction prior to and
throughout therapy. Monitor
response by measuring
serum testosterone and
prostate-specific antigen
levels periodically during
therapy.
Trospium/ Sanctura, urinary tract Monitor voiding pattern and
Sanctura XR antispasmodics intake and output ratios.
antimuscarinics
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Urokinase/ thrombolytics Assess patient carefully for
Abbokinase plasminogen bleeding every 15 min
activators during the 1st hr of therapy,
every 15–30 min during the
Rev. 08/21/08
hepatitis, pruritus, rash,
megaloblastic anemia,
neutropenia,
thrombocytopenia, fever.
Pseudomembranous colitis,
hepatic necrosis, nausea,
vomiting, toxic epidermal
necrolysis, rashes, aplastic
anemia, agranulocytosis,
phlebitis at IV site, allergic
reactions including erythema
multiforme, Stevens-Johnson
syndrome.
Lethargy, sedation, blurred
vision, dry eyes, dry mouth,
arrhythmias, hypotension, ECG
changes, constipation,
hepatitis, paralytic ileus,
increased appetite, weight
gain, urinary retention, ↓
libido, photosensitivity,
changes in blood glucose ,
gynecomastia, blood
dyscrasias.
Sedation, dizziness, excitation,
blurred vision, arrhythmias,
hypertension, hypotension,
palpitations, dry mouth,
constipation, urinary
hesitancy, urinary retention.
Dizziness, emotional lability,
fatigue, headache, insomnia,
hypertension, diarrhea,
vomiting, erectile dysfunction,
urinary retention, urinary tract
infection, pruritus, anemia,
injection site pain,
musculoskeletal pain, allergic
reactions including anaphylaxis
and angioedema.
Headache, constipation, dry
mouth, urinary retention,
urinary tract infection.
Common Side Effects
Intracranial hemorrhage,
epistaxis, gingival bleeding,
bronchospasm, hemoptysis,
reperfusion arrhythmias,
218
 next 8 hr, and at least every hypotension, recurrent
4 hr; neurologic status; and ischemia/thromboembolism,
hypersensitivity reaction for GI bleeding, nausea,
the duration of therapy. retroperitoneal bleeding,
Frank bleeding may occur vomiting, GU tract bleeding,
from sites of invasive ecchymoses, flushing,
procedures or from body urticaria, bleeding,
orifices. Monitor vital signs, hemorrhage at injection site,
including temperature, phlebitis at injection site,
continuously for myocardial musculoskeletal pain, allergic
infarction and at least every reactions including
4 hr during therapy for anaphylaxis, fever
other indications.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be Common Side Effects
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration

Valacyclovir/ Valtrex antivirals Assess lesions before and Headache, dizziness,

daily during therapy. weakness, nausea, abdominal
Monitor patient for signs of pain, anorexia, constipation,
thrombotic thrombocytic diarrhea, thrombotic
purpura/hemolytic uremic thrombocytopenic purpura/
syndrome. hemolytic uremic syndrome
Valdecoxib/ Bextra nonsteroidal anti Patients who have asthma, Increased blood pressure,
inflammatory aspirin-induced allergy, and edema, fluid retention, GI
agents nasal polyps are at bleeding, abdominal pain,
nonopioid increased risk for developing rash, anemia, allergic
analgesics hypersensitivity reactions. reactions including
cox 2 inhibitors Assess for rhinitis, asthma, anaphylactoid reactions,
and urticaria. Assess pain, anaphylaxis, angioedema,
range of motion, and degree Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
of swelling in affected joints
prior to and 2–3 hr following
administration.
Valerian/ Amantilla, antianxiety agents Assess degree of anxiety Drowsiness, headache,
All- sedative/hypnotics and level of sedation; sleep Benzodiazepine-like
Heal, Baldrian, patterns; and loss of withdrawal symptoms with
Baldrianwurzel, balance prior to and discontinuation after long-term
Belgium periodically throughout use.
Valerian, Common therapy.
Valerian, Fragrant
Valerian, Garden
Heliotrope, Garden
Valerian, Indian
Valerian, Mexican
Valerian, Pacific
Valerian, Tagara,
Valeriana, Valeriana
officinalis, Valerianae
radix, Valeriana
rhizome, Valeriane
Valganciclovir/ Valcyte antivirals Assess for signs of infection Seizures, headache, insomnia,
and bleeding prior to and agitation, confusion, dizziness,
throughout therapy. hallucinations, psychosis,
Diagnosis of CMV retinitis sedation, abdominal pain,
should be determined by diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
ophthalmoscopy prior to renal impairment, neutropenia,

219
Rev. 08/21/08
 treatment with ganciclovir.
Monitor BUN and serum
creatinine at least once
every 2 wk throughout
therapy. Monitor neutrophil
and platelet count closely
throughout therapy.
Valproate sodium/ anticonvulsants Assess location, duration,
Depacon vascular headache and characteristics of
suppressants seizure activity. Assess
mood, ideation, and
behavior frequently. Monitor
frequency of migraine
headaches. Monitor hepatic
function (LDH, AST, ALT,
and bilirubin) and serum
ammonia concentrations
prior to and periodically
during therapy. Monitor
CBC, platelet count, and
bleeding time prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Valproic acid/ anticonvulsants Assess location, duration,
Depakene vascular headache and characteristics of
suppressants seizure activity. Assess
mood, ideation, and
behavior frequently. Monitor
frequency of migraine
headaches. Monitor hepatic
function (LDH, AST, ALT,
and bilirubin) and serum
ammonia concentrations
prior to and periodically
during therapy. Monitor
CBC, platelet count, and
bleeding time prior to and
periodically during therapy.
Valsartan/ Diovan antihypertensives Assess blood pressure
angiotensin ii (lying, sitting, standing) and
receptor pulse; signs of angioedema;
antagonists daily weight; and resolution
of fluid overload throughout
therapy. Monitor renal
function.
Vancomycin/ anti-infectives Assess patient for infection;
Lyphocin, IV site; blood pressure;
Vancocin, Vancoled eighth cranial nerve
function; intake and output
ratios and daily weight; and
signs of superinfection at
beginning of and throughout
therapy.
Vardenafil/ Levitra erectile dysfunction Determine erectile
agents dysfunction before
phosphodiesterase administration. Vardenafil
type 5 inhibitors has no effect in the absence
Rev. 08/21/08
paresthesia,
thrombocytopenia, anemia,
aplastic anemia, bone marrow
depression, pancytopenia,
ataxia, peripheral neuropathy,
fever, hypersensitivity
reactions, infections.
Agitation, dizziness, headache,
insomnia, sedation, confusion,
depression, peripheral edema,
visual disturbances,
hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
anorexia, diarrhea, indigestion,
nausea, vomiting,
constipation, increased
appetite, alopecia, rashes,
weight gain, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hyperammonemia,
hypothermia, tremor, ataxia.
Agitation, dizziness, headache,
insomnia, sedation, confusion,
depression, peripheral edema,
visual disturbances,
hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis,
abdominal pain, anorexia,
anorexia, diarrhea, indigestion,
nausea, vomiting,
constipation, increased
appetite, alopecia, rashes,
weight gain, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia,
hyperammonemia,
hypothermia, tremor, ataxia.
Dizziness, fatigue, headache,
hypotension, edema, rhinitis,
sinusitis, pharyngitis,
hyperkalemia, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, nausea, impaired
renal function, arthralgia, back
pain, angioedema.
Ototoxicity, hypotension,
nausea, vomiting,
nephrotoxicity, rashes,
eosinophilia, leucopenia,
phlebitis, back and neck pain,
hypersensitivity reactions
including anaphylaxis, chills,
fever, "red man" syndrome
(with rapid infusion),
superinfection.
Headache, amnesia, dizziness,
hearing loss, vision loss,
rhinitis, sinusitis, dyspepsia,
nausea, priapism, flushing, flu
220
 of sexual stimulation. syndrome.

Varenicline/ Chantix smoking deterrents Assess for desire to stop ↓ attention span, anxiety,
nicotine agonists smoking. Assess for nausea. depression, insomnia,
irritability, dizziness,
restlessness, diarrhea,
gingivitis, nausea, flushing,
hyperhydrosis, arthralgia, back
pain, musculoskeletal pain.
Vecuronium/ Norcuron neuromuscular Assess respiratory status; Bronchospasm, rash, allergic
blocking agents ECG, heart rate, and blood reactions including
nondepolarizing pressure; residual muscle anaphylaxis.
weakness and respiratory
distress; infusion site
throughout therapy and
administration.
Verapamil/ Apo- antianginals Monitor blood pressure and Abnormal dreams, anxiety,
Verap, antiarrhythmics pulse before therapy, during confusion, drowsiness,
Calan, Calan SR, (class IV) dosage titration, and headache, blurred vision,
Covera- antihypertensives periodically throughout disturbed equilibrium,
HS, Isoptin, Isoptin vascular headache therapy. Monitor ECG epistaxis, tinnitus, cough,
SR, suppressants periodically during dyspnea, shortness of breath,
Verelan, Verelan PM calcium channel prolonged therapy. Monitor arrhythmias, CHF,
blockers intake and output ratios and bradycardia, chest pain,
daily weight; signs of CHF; hypotension, palpitations,
location, duration, intensity, peripheral edema, syncope,
and precipitating factors of tachycardia, abnormal liver
patient's anginal pain during function studies, anorexia,
therapy. Monitor serum urinary frequency, dermatitis,
potassium periodically. erythema multiforme, flushing,
Monitor renal and hepatic increased sweating, rash,
functions periodically during thrombocytopenia, weight
long-term therapy. gain, joint stiffness, muscle
cramps, paresthesia, tremor,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
Vitamin B complex vitamins Assess patient for signs of Bright-yellow urine,
with vitamin C/ Albee- water soluble vitamin deficiency and anaphylaxis (vitamin B1-
T, Albee with C, vitamins anaphylaxis throughout thiamine), allergic reactions to
Arcobee with C, B- therapy. preservatives.
Complex/Vitamin C,
Beminal, Econo B & C,
Enviro-Stress, Farbee
with Vitamin C, Gen-
bee with C, High
Potency N-Vites, Nion
B Plus C, Probec-T,
Sublingual B Total
Liquid, Surbex T,
Surbu-Gen-T,
Surplex-
T, Therapeutic B
Complex with C,
ThexForte, T-Vites,
Vicon-C, Viogen-C,
Vita-Bee with C, Key
Plex, Neurodep, Vicam

221
Rev. 08/21/08
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Warfarin/Coumadin anticoagulants Assess for signs of bleeding
coumarins and hemorrhage; evidence
of additional or increased
thrombosis during therapy.
PT, INR and other clotting
factors should be monitored
frequently during therapy.
Name: Dose, Route Drug Dosage Indications for Use in Assessments to be
Generic/Trade and Times Classification Calculations this Client Done Prior to
Administration
Zafirlukast/Accolate antiasthmatics Assess lung sounds and
bronchodilators respiratory function before
leukotriene and periodically during
antagonists therapy. Monitor liver
function periodically during
therapy.
Zalcitabine/ ddC, antiretrovirals Assess patient for change in
Dideoxycitidine, HIVID nucleoside reverse severity of symptoms of
transcriptase AIDS and for symptoms of
inhibitors opportunistic infections;
signs and symptoms of
peripheral neuropathy; and
symptoms of pancreatitis
throughout therapy. Monitor
serum amylase, lipase,
triglyceride, and calcium
throughout therapy. Monitor
viral load and CD4 levels
prior to and periodically
throughout therapy. Monitor
liver function.
Zaleplon/ Sonata sedative/hypnotics Assess mental status, sleep
patterns, and potential for
abuse; alertness at time of
peak effect; pain during
therapy.
Zanamivir/ Relenza antivirals Assess patient for signs and
neuramidase symptoms of influenza
inhibitors (fever, headache, myalgia,
cough, sore throat) before
administration.
Ziconotide/ Prialt analgesics Assess level of pain; mental
n type calcium status; signs of meningitis
channel blockers prior to and periodically
during therapy. Monitor
serum CK levels every other
week for the first month,
monthly thereafter.
Zidovudine/ AZT, antiretrovirals Assess patient for change in
azidothymidine, nucleoside reverse severity of symptoms of HIV
Rev. 08/21/08
Common Side Effects
Cramps, nausea, dermal
necrosis, bleeding, fever.
Common Side Effects
headache, dizziness,
weakness, hepatotoxicity,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
arthralgia, back pain, myalgia,
Churg-Strauss syndrome,
fever, infection, pain
Confusion, dizziness, fatigue,
headache, impaired
concentration, pharyngitis,
cardiomyopathy, CHF, chest
pain, pancreatitis/
hepatomegaly/steatosis, oral
ulcers, abdominal pain,
anorexia, diarrhea, dysphagia,
esophageal ulcerations
increased liver enzymes,
nausea, vomiting, dermatitis,
pruritus, rash, lactic acidosis,
leukopenia, neutropenia,
arthralgia, myalgia, peripheral
neuropathy, hypersensitivity
reactions, weight loss.
Abnormal vision, ear pain,
epistaxis, hearing sensitivity,
ocular pain, altered sense of
smell, peripheral edema,
abdominal pain, anorexia.
Seizures, abnormal behavior,
agitation, delirium,
hallucinations, nightmares,
bronchospasm, allergic
reactions.
Meningitis, confusion,
dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, impaired memory,
weakness, nystagmus, nausea,
hypertonia, urinary retention,
abnormal gait, ataxia.
Seizures, headache, weakness,
anxiety, confusion, decreased
222
 Retrovir transcriptase and for symptoms of
inhibitors opportunistic infections
during therapy. Monitor viral
load and CD4 counts prior to
and periodically during
therapy. Monitor CBC every
2 wk during the first 8 wk of
therapy in patients with
advanced HIV disease, and
decrease to every 4 wk after
the first 2 mo if zidovudine
is well tolerated or monthly
during the first 3 mo and
every 3 mo thereafter.
Zileuton/ Zyflo CR bronchodilators Assess lung sounds and
leukotriene respiratory function prior to
antagonists and periodically during
therapy. Monitor ALT prior
to therapy, monthly for the
first 3 mo, every 2 mo for
the 1st yr of therapy, and
periodically thereafter.
Zinc sulfate/ Orazinc, mineral electrolyte Monitor progression of zinc
Verazinc, Zinc 220, replacements deficiency symptoms
Zincate, Zinkaps supplements (impaired wound healing,
trace metals growth retardation,
decreased sense of taste,
decreased sense of smell)
during therapy.
Ziprasidone/ Geodon antipsychotics Monitor patient's mental
mood stabilizers status; weight and BMI;
piperazine blood pressure (sitting,
derivatives standing, lying) and pulse
rate; rash; onset of
akathisia; tardive
dyskinesia; frequency and
consistency of bowel
movements; and
development of neuroleptic
malignant syndrome prior to
and periodically during
therapy.
Zoledronic acid/ bone resorption Monitor intake and output
Reclast, inhibitors ratios; acute-phase reaction
Zometa electrolyte (fever, mylagia, flu-like
modifiers symptoms, headache,
hypocalcemics arthralgia); symptoms of
biphosphonates hypercalcemia; evidence of
hypocalcemia; Paget's
disease during therapy.
Monitor serum creatinine
prior to each treatment.
Rev. 08/21/08
mental acuity, dizziness,
insomnia, mental depression,
restlessness, syncope,
abdominal pain, diarrhea,
nausea, anorexia, drug-
induced hepatitis, dyspepsia,
oral mucosa pigmentation,
vomiting, nail pigmentation,
gynecomastia, anemia,
granulocytopenia, pure red-cell
aplasia, thrombocytosis, back
pain, myopathy, tremor.
Headache, dizziness, insomnia,
malaise, nervousness,
somnolence, weakness,
conjunctivitis, chest pain,
abdominal pain, constipation,
dyspepsia, flatulence,
increased liver enzymes,
nausea, vomiting, urinary tract
infection, vaginitis, pruritus,
arthralgia, myalgia, neck pain,
hypertonia, fever,
lymphadenopathy.
Gastric irritation (oral use
only), nausea, vomiting.
Neuroleptic malignant
syndrome, seizures, dizziness,
drowsiness, restlessness,
extrapyramidal reactions,
syncope, tardive dyskinesia,
cough/runny nose, prolonged
QT interval, orthostatic
hypotension, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, dysphagia,
rash, urticaria.
Agitation, anxiety, confusion,
insomnia, conjunctivitis,
hypotension, chest pain, leg
edema, abdominal pain,
constipation, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, dysphagia, renal
failure, pruritus, rash,
hypophosphatemia,
hypocalcemia, hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia, anemia,
musculoskeletal pain,
osteonecrosis, fever, flu-like
223

Zolmitriptan/ Zomig, vascular headache Assess pain location,
Zomig- ZMT suppressants intensity, duration, and
five ht1 agonists associated symptoms
(photophobia, phonophobia,
nausea, vomiting) during
migraine attack.
Zolpidem / Ambien Sedative, hypnotics For pain, mental status,
sleep patterns, and potential
for abuse prior to
administration; alertness at
time of peak effect
Zonisamide/ Zonegran anticonvulsants Monitor frequency, duration,
sulfonamides and characteristics of
seizures; development of
skin rash; and allergy to
sulfa drugs during therapy.
Zoster vaccine live/ vaccines/immunizin Assess patient for
Zostavax g agents immunosuppressant
active immunizer medications or reactions to
previous vaccines.
Administration may result in
a more extensive vaccine-
associated rash or
disseminated disease in
immunocompromised
patients.
Rev. 08/21/08
syndrome.
Dizziness, drowsiness, vertigo,
weakness, throat
pain/tightness/pressure, chest
pain/pressure/ tightness/
heaviness, hypertension,
palpitations, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, dysphagia, nausea,
sweating, warm/cold
sensation, myalgia,
myasthenia, hypesthesia,
paresthesia, feeling of
heaviness, pain.
abnormal thinking, amnesia,
behavior changes, daytime
drowsiness, dizziness,
"drugged" feeling,
hallucinations, sleep-driving;
nausea, vomiting; physical
dependence, psychological
dependence, tolerance
Drowsiness, fatigue,
amblyopia, tinnitus, allergic
reactions including Stevens-
Johnson syndrome, abnormal
gait, hyperasthesia,
incoordination, tremor.
Swelling, redness, pain.
224
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Rev. 08/21/08