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▪There are long monsoon periods with heavy rain. But the
breezes, especially in coastal areas, can increase
discomfort considerably.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF WARM AND
HUMID CLIMATE
➢TEMPERATURE
• IN SUMMER, 30-35ºC DURING DAY & 25-30ºC AT NIGHT.
• IN WINTER, 25-30ºC DURING DAY & 20-25ºC AT NIGHT.
➢HUMIDITY
• HUMIDITY IS VERY HIGH RANGING FROM 70-90%
➢PRECIPITATION
• PRECIPITATION IS VERY HIGH ABOUT 1200 MM/YR.
➢SKY CONDITIONS
• SKY IS FAIRLY CLOUDY.
• CLOUD COVER 60-90%.
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CHARACTERISTICS OF WARM AND HUMID
CLIMATE
➢SOLAR RADIATION
• THE INTENSITY OF SOLAR RADIATION IS HIGH DURNING SUMMERS AND MODERATE DURNING WINTERS.
➢WIND
• WIND VELOCITY IS LOW, CALM AND PERIODIC. BUT MAY BE STRONG DURNING RAIN SQUALLS.
➢VEGETATION
• GROWS QUICKLY DUE TO FREQUENT RAINS.
• DIFFICULT TO CONTROL.
• HIGH HUMIDITY ACCELARATES MOULD AND ALGAE GROWTH, RUSTING AND ROTTING.
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• Resisting heat gain:
Measures that are convenient to avoid heat gain are:
(a)Decreasing surface area of the building exposed to the outside.
2. CROSS VENTILATION IS VERY IMPORTANT. LARGE OPENINGS TO UNOBSTRUCT AIR PATH AND TO ENSURE PROPER
VENTILATION.
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WARM AND HUMID CLIMATE
BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS
(a)Landform:
• For flat sites, design consideration for the
landform is immaterial.
• In case of slopes and depressions, the
building should be located on the wind ward
side or crests to take advantage of cool
breezes.
(b) Waterbodies:
• Waterbodies are not essential as they would tend to further
increase the humidity.
(c) Street width and orientation:
• Major streets should be oriented parallel to or within 30 of the
prevailing wind direction during summer months to encourage
ventilation in warm and humid regions.
• A north-south direction is ideal from the point of view of blocking solar
radiation.
• The width of the streets should be such that the intense solar radiation
during late mornings and early afternoon is avoided during the
summers.
(C) Open spaces and built form:
• Buildings should be spread out with large open spaces in between for unrestricted air
movement.
• In cities, buildings on stilts can promote ventilation and cause cooling at the ground
level.
▪Shade in the afternoon: Keep west and east sides short to let
less of the hot, low angle morning and afternoon sun heat up
walls, especially during the hottest season. Be sure you are
considering whether the sun is in the northern or southern sky
at this time of year.
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ORIENTATION
Orientation to minimize sun
radiation impact.
STONE PILLARS
CENTRAL
COURTYARDS
• The advantage of courtyard and veranda is proper ventilation and controlled humidity.