PART 7 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR BOLTS SCOPE eer anncboce oe GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOLTED JOINTS ..........- Fastener Components : Proper Selection of Bolt Length... Washer Requirements Nut Requirements. . Bolted Parts Gonesbsoseeeno PROPER SPECIFICATION OF JOINT TYPE . Snug-Tightened Joints ........... Pretensioned Joints ....... Slip-Critical Joints DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Shear Tension Combined Shear and Tension Bearing Strength at Bolt Holes Slip Resistance 0.00... eeeceeeeeeeeeeees ECCENTRICALLY LOADED BOLT GROUPS ...... Eccentricity in the Plane of the Faying Surface Instantaneous Center of Rotation Method ........ Elastic Method . Eecentricity Normal to the Plane of the Faying Surface cee SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR HOLLOW STRUCTURAL SECTIONS Throwgh-Bolting to HSS ........... Blind Bolts. Flow-Drilling .. ‘Threaded Studs to HSS... Nailing OHSS ....0....e eee oe Screwing to HSS AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF StEEL, CONSTRUCTION, INC. 73 7-3 7-3 -73 1-612 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR BOLTS OTHER SPECIFICATION REQUIREMENTS AND. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS . coven ee Placement of Bolt Groups ... Bolts in Combination with Welds or Rivets Galvanizing High-Strength Bolts and Nuts Reuse of Bolts... 00... 0.000 Fatigue Applications Entering and Tightening Clearances Fully Threaded ASTM A325 Bolts ASTM A307 Bolts ASTM A449 Bolts DESIGN TABLES Table 7-1. Available Shear Strength of Bolts Table 7-2. Available Tensile Strength of Bolts . Tables 7-3 and 74. Available Resistance to Slip Tables 7-5 and 7-6. Available Bearing Strength at Bolt Holes ‘Tables 7-7 through 7-14. Coefficients C for Eccentrically Loaded Bolt Groups Table 7-15. Dimensions of High-Strength Fasteners ‘Tables 7-16 and 7-17. Entering and Tightening Clearances . . Table 7-18. Threading Dimensions for High Strength and Non-High-Strength Bolts, cece Table 7-19. Weights of High-Strength Fasteners Table 7-20. Dimensions of Non-High-Strength Fasteners Tables 7-21, 7-22, and 7-23, Weights of Non-High-Strength Fasteners PART 7 REFERENCES AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC. - 7-16 7-16 7-16 I-16 7-16 7-16 716 IAT 7-17 717 7-17 AT 7-17 77 TAT 718 -TA9 719 719 7-20 7-20 7-20 7-21GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOLTED JOINTS. 13 SCOPE ‘The specification requirements and other design considerations summatized in this Part apply to the design of bolts in stee!-to-steel structural connections. Additional guidance on bolt design isavailable in AISC Design Guide 17, High Strength Bols~A Primer for Structural Engineers, (Kulak, 2002). For the design of steel-to-concrete anchorage, see Part 14. For the design of con- nection elements, see Part 9. For the design of simple shear, moment, bracing, and other connections, see Parts 10 through 15. For bolted joints that are part of a seismic force resisting system in which the seismic response modification factor, R, is taken greater than 3, the require- ‘ments in the AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings also apply. The AISC Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings is available in Part 6 of the AISC Seismic Design Manual from the American Institute of Steel Construction, Inc. at www.aise.org. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR BOLTED JOINTS Fastener Components ‘The applicable material specifications for fastener components are as given in Part 2. Material and storage requirements fastener components are as given in AISC Specification Section A3.3 and RCSC Specification Section 2. The compatibility of ASTM A563 nuts and F436 washers with ASTM A325, F1852, and A490 bolts is as given in RCSC Specification Table 2.1. These products are given identifying marks, as illustrated in RCSC Specification Figure C-2.1. Alerative-design fasteners, including twist-off-type tension-control bolt assemblies with a strength level matching that of ASTM A490 bolts, and alternative washer- type indicating devices are permitted, subject to the requirements in RCSC Specification Sections 2.8 and 2.6.2, respectively. Mixing grades of fasteners raises inventory and quality control issues associated with the ‘use of multiple fastener grades. When both ASTM A325 and A490 bolts are used on a proj- ect, different diameters can be specified for each to help ensure that the ASTM A490 bolts are installed in the proper location. Regardless of the bolt type selected, the typical sizes of ¥4-in., ’/s-in., 1-in. and 1'¥s-in, diameter are usually preferred. Diameters above | in. require special consideration for avail- ability as well as installation, when pretensioned installation is required, Special equipment may be required to pretension large-diameter ASTM A490 bolts. Proper Selection of Bolt Length Per RCSC Specification Section 2.3.2, adequate thread engagement is developed when the ‘end of the bolt is at least flush with or projects beyond the face of the nut. To provide for this, the ordered length of ASTM A325, F1852, and A490 bolts should be calculated as the arip (see Figure 7-1) plus the nominal thickness of washers and/or direet-tension indicators if used, plus the allowance from Table 7-15, with the total rounded to the next higher inere- ment of '/4 in, up to a5 in. length and the next higher 2 in. over a 5 in. length. Note that bolts longer than five inches are generally available only in '2-in, increments, except by spe- cial arrangement with the manufacturer or vendor. While longer lengths may be ordered, an 8-in. length is generally the maximum stock length available. Requirements for a minimum stick-through greater than zero are discouraged because of the risk of jamming the nut on the thread runout, particularly in the bolt length range available only in 'V2-in, increments. See Carter (1996) for further information. AMERICAN INSTITUTE oF STEEL CONSTRUCTION, INC.