United States Merchant Marine Academy UNITED STATES MERCHANT MARINE ACADEMY A STUDY OF THE UTILIZATION OF TRACTOR TUGS TO AID SHIPHANDLING IN CHARLESTON HARBOR A RESEARCH ANALYSIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DEPARTMENT OF MARINE TRANSPORTATION IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DESIGNATION AS KINGS POINT SCHOLAR pris QUALITY Im BY MIDN STEPHEN RUSSELL SMITH, 1/C KINGS POINT, NEW YORK 6 MAY, 1997 19970811 102 ‘The great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me. 1New Text Document.txt 8 Aug 97 This paper was downloaded from the Internet. Distribution Statement A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. POC: MIDN Stephen Russell United States Merchant Marine Academy Kings Point, New York‘The great ocean of truth lay all undiscovered before me. Sir Isaac Newton CONTENTS, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ABSTRACT * PART I. PORT DESCRIPTION AND FACILITIES o Physical Features of Charleston Harbor Channel Dimensions and Orientation in Relation to Vessel Transits Efforts to Improve Harbor Channels Economic Analysis Environmental Analysis Expansion of Port Facilities Changes in Shiphandling 000000 * PART Il. SHIPHANDLING WITH TUGS © Propulsion Steered Tug Configurations m The Tractor Tug au The Reverse Tractor Tug = Configurations Compared © Propulsion Units ‘© Cycloidal Propulsion mw Azimuthing Thrusters co Applications and Towing ww Direct Arrest Transverse Arrest Dynamic Arrest Indirect Arrest = Combination Arrest © Operation Modes Compared w Direct Arrest wm Transverse Arrest, ww Indirect Arrest = Combination Arrest © Operation Training « PART Il. CONCLUDING ANALYSIS co Conclusions © Update WORKS CITED SELECTED LIST OF WORKS CONSULTED ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Lwould like to extend my greatest thanks to Commander Craig Flinn, U.S. Maritime Service, Mr. Ted Haendel, and Dr. Jane Brickman for their guidance and support as my 2