BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND PLANNING LAB MANUAL

LABORATORY MANUAL

INDEX

S.NO. CONTENTS PAGE NO.

E01 Conventional Signs 02

E02 Plan, Section and Elevation of Doors and Windows 04

E03 English and Flemish bonds King-post and Queen-post trusses 10

E04 Plan, Section and Elevation of a single storied residential building 17

E05 Plan, Section and elevation of a two storied residential building 24

E06 Plan, Section and elevation of a post-office/Bank 28

E07 Basic commands of CAD software 31

E08 Line Diagram of Door, Window by Auto CAD 36

E09 Plan, section and elevation of a single storied residential building 38

by Auto CAD

1
 E01 Conventional Signs
AIM: To know the conventional signs used for various building materials

Theory: Building material is any material which is used for construction purposes. Many
naturally occurring substances, such as clay, rocks, sand, tiles, bricks, glass, wood etc., have
been used to construct buildings. Apart from naturally occurring materials, many man-made
products are in use, some more and some less synthetic. The use of these materials is
typically segmented into specific specialty trades, such as carpentry, insulation, plumbing,
and roofing work. They provide the make-up of habitats and structures including homes. To
avoid greater confusion in drawing each material is given a specific sign which is followed
by all the engineers.

Conventional Signs:

2
3
 E02 Plan, Section and Elevation of Doors and Windows
Aim: To generate plan, section and elevation of door and window

Theory: A door is a framework of wood, steel, aluminium, glass, low cost materials or a
combination of these materials, the purpose of door is to provide access to the inside of a
building or rooms of a building. A door basically consists of two parts, a door frame and door
shutter. Door frame is used to hold a door in position. The door shutter is and of two vertical
members called styles and two or three horizontal members between styles called rails. The
enclosed space between rails is called panel

Windows are provided for light and ventilation in the building. The frame of the window is
made of two vertical members called posts provided in between two horizontal members, the
upper horizontal member called as head and while lower one is called as sill. The window
shutter consists of vertical members called styles and horizontal members called rails in
between them.

Door Frame:

4
Panelled Door:

5
Glazed Door:

6
Window Frame:

7
Glazed Window:

8
Panelled Window:

9
 E03 English and Flemish Bonds, King Post and Queen Post Trusses
Aim:
To learn about various brick bonds those are widely used.
To know the detailing of King post and queen post trusses.

Theory:
Brick Bonds:
There are various types of bonds in brick works such as Header Bond, Stretcher Bond,
English Bond, Flemish Bond.

Header bond consists of headers only. Alternate courses commence with a pair of ¾ brick
bats to break the vertical joint. It is adopted for curved walls as the header face can easily
take the curvature. The wall is one brick thick.

Stretcher bond consists of only stretchers. Alternate courses commence with a half brick bat
to break the vertical joint and create 100mm of overlap. It is adopted for partition walls of
half a brick thick.

English bond is the most common bond. A horizontal layer of bricks or stones is a course.
One course of headers and one course of stretchers are laid alternatively. In brick masonry
with modular bricks, thickness of a course will generally be equal to 100mm. A queen closer
is placed after the first header in the header course to eliminate continuous vertical joints in
successive courses. The width and length of queen closer are 50mm and 200 mm
respectively.

In stretcher bond, each course comprised of alternate headers and stretchers. Every alternate
course starts with a header at the corner (Quoin header). Queen closers are placed next to the
quoin header in order to break the continuity of the vertical joint. Each header is centrally
supported over the stretcher below it.

Relative advantages of English and Flemish bonds

S. No. English Bond Flemish Bond

For walls thicker than 1 brick, English Less compact and less stronger
1
bond is stronger
Facing not presenting pleasing More attractive and presents pleasing
2
appearance appearance of the facing
No strict supervision and skill required Good workmanship and careful
3
for its construction supervision is necessary
Costlier than Flemish bond Large number of brick bats are
4 consumed and hence, the bond is
economical

10
Header and Stretcher Bond:

11
English Bond:

12
Flemish Bond:

13
King Post Truss:

14
Details of King Post Truss:

15
Queen Post Truss:

16
 E04 Plan, Section and Elevation of a Single Storied Residential Building
Aim: To generate plan, section and elevation of a single storied residential building with the
knowledge of building bye laws from the given line plan and specifications.

Theory: (Common for experiments E04, E05& E06)

The detailed drawings of a building (may be residential, public building like schools, college,
hostels, offices, hospitals, factory buildings, buildings meant for business) shall include.
Plan: Plan of a building represents a horizontal section of building at given height seen from
top. For buildings, it is a general convention to imagine that the building has been cut down
by a horizontal plane at the sill level of the windows and is seen from the top after removal of
the so cut part.
Thus plan of a building means the details that can be seen which are below the window sill
level. This plan shows the arrangement of rooms, veranda or corridor, position of doors and
windows and other opening along with their respective sizes. All horizontal dimensions like
size of each room and these dimensions of rooms are indicated as breadth x length.
Note:
1. In case of veranda, the given dimension is upto the end of veranda retaining wall.

2. The position of beams, sunshades, portico, ventilators which are above the sill level of
windows are shown with dotted or broken lines.
Line diagram: Line diagram is a sketch generally not drawn to a particular scale also known
as line sketch. The relative positions of all the elements like living / drawing, bed room, guest
room, kitchen, dining, toilets, verandas, position of doors, windows, openings etc. are clearly
shown with their sizes or dimensions.
The dimensions shown in a line diagram are inside to inside dimensions. From the given
specifications, the thickness of wall in super structure shall be taken to draw the fully
dimensioned plan to a convenient scale.

Section: Section means vertical section. It is imagined that a finished building is cut
vertically along a line so that the building is separated into two portions along the imagined
vertical plane right from top of the building to the lowest part of the foundation. The view
that can be seen while travelling along this imaginary vertical plane when looking towards
left is drawn

17
to the same scale as that adopted for the plan and this view is called as sectional elevation, cross
section or simply section.
Thus it is necessary to draw a line on the plan to indicate the sectional line. Then the building is
imagined as cut into two portions along this line vertically. These section lines are named as A –
B or x – x. If it is indicated by A B, it means the view shall be drawn while travelling from A to B
and looking towards left of the line. When the sectional line is named as x – x; then arrow heads
shall be marked to indicate the way in which the sectional view is to be drawn. In some cases an
off – set is given to indicate the necessary details, but the offset in only to shift the vertical plane
from one position to another position (as shown below).

The necessity of the section is to indicate all vertical dimensions like, details of foundation viz;
width and depth of C.C bed; masonry footings, basement, details of flooring, thickness of flooring,
sub floor, sand or gravel depth in the basement, height of super structure, sizes of doors, windows,
almairahs, cupboards, other openings, thickness of roofing, width and depth of parapet wall,
lintels, sunshades, portico and such other details. All these details are very much required to work
out the quantities of all items of works and to execute the process of construction.
Elevation: Elevation is the outward view of a completed building along any side of the building.
When a building is seen by standing in front of it, the view that can be viewed is known as front
elevation. Similarly, building can be viewed from back side is known as rear elevation, or from
any side of it which is known as side elevation.

18
Development of Plan: The plan should be drawn at the bottom portion on left side of the drawing
sheet. To start with, extreme left hand corner of the building should be taken and the thickness of
walls, length of walls along length wise (vertically upward lines) and breath wise (horizontally
from the corner) shall be drawn with light pencil in order to complete in all respects by drawing
cross – wall to show the position of the elements, and to locate the position of doors, windows,
etc.
Finally, the dimensions are shown in each room, width of wall etc. and plan can be obtained by
accurate and sharp pencil lines.
Development of Sections: The section view is drawn on the top right side of the drawing sheet. It
is to be seen that the foundation details will be above the boundaries of the plan. The view shall be
started from starting point of the section line and the horizontal dimensions along the section are
represented in sequence in developing the sectional elevation.
Accordingly, the section of wall from bottom to top, position of doors or windows that are viewed
shall be drawn. From the given specifications, the foundation details, flooring details roofing
details are neatly drawn and such information is to be mentioned in the section. But the different
materials used in the construction shall be indicated by drawing the respective conventional signs.
Development of elevation: The elevation is obtained by projecting the details from the plan
vertically upwards and similarly projecting the details from section horizontally towards left side.
The inter section of these projections from plan and section helps to draw the elevation. Hence the
front elevation shall be exactly above the top of plan and is accommodated in the top left side of
the drawing sheet.
The first projection line shall be from plinth offset. The projections from sunshades, super
structure wall, and to end points for doors, windows shall be made both from plan and section to
show the detailed drawing.

Problem: The line diagram of a residential building is shown in the fig. From the given
specification draw the following views to a scale of 1: 50.

a) Fully dimensional detailed plan

b) Section along A – A
c) Front elevation and
d) Site plan to a scale of 1: 100

19
Specification:

1. Foundation: All the main walls are taken to a depth of 1000 mm below ground level and
rest on C.C. (1:4:8) bed 800 mm wide and 300 mm deep. The remaining portions consist
of two footings 500 mm and 400 mm wide and are 400 mm and 300 mm deep. The footing
of brick masonry in C.M. (1:4).
2. Basement: All the walls are 300 mm wide and the height of basement is 600 mm above
general G.L.

3. Steps: Steps of 1200 mm wide are provided with brick masonry in C.M. (1:6) on both
front and rear side and rest on C.C bed (1:4:8) 150 mm thick and having off set on the
three sides equal to 100 mm. Tread of each step = 300 mm & rise = 150 mm.

4. Superstructure: All the walls are 200 mm thick except two partition walls between bed
and toilet and dining & toilet which are constructed on the floor with a thickness of 100
mm. The height of wall 3300 mm to the bottom of R.C.C roof slab.

5. Lintels & sun-shades: R.C.C (1:2:4) lintels are provided on all opening with 150 mm
thickness and same 150 mm bearing on either side of opening.

R.C.C sun-shades are provided on all exterior doors, windows and ventilations with 90 mm
thickness at wall face and 75 mm thickness at free end. The projection of sun-shades
beyond the wall surface is 700 mm.

6. Front veranda: Front veranda is 1200 mm wide and a square brick pillar 200 x 200 mm is
provided on right side corner. A R.C.C beam 200 x 250 mm is provided on both sides of
veranda resting on brick pillar, the height being 2100 mm from floor level to the bottom of
R.C.C beam. The remaining portion between top of beam and bottom of R.C.C slab is of
brick masonry in C.M. (1:6).

A continuous sunshade as given in item no. 5 is provided in front side of building and on
right side of the veranda extending from bottom of the R.C.C beam.

7. Roofing: 120 mm thick R.C.C (1:2:4) slab is provided over the entire building.
8. Parapet wall: Brick masonry parapet wall in C.M. (1:6) is of 100 mm thick and 700
mm height. A coping with 50 mm projection is provided at the top of the parapet wall.

9. Flooring: Flooring consists of mosaic tiled flooring over 100 mm thick C.C bed 1:4:8
The remaining depth of basement is filled with sand and gravel and thoroughly compacted.

20
10. Doors and windows: Doors, windows, ventilators and cupboards shall be provided as
per the schedule given.
SCHEDULE OF DOORS, WINDOWS, VENTILATORS AND CUPBOARDS

Designation/Name Particulars Size and Type No Sill

10 DT 21 Fully panelled 1000 x 2100 D = 2 No. 0000

10 DS 21 Flushed door 1000 x 2100 D1 = 2 No. 0000

9 DS 18 Flushed door 900 x 1800 D2 = 3 No. 0000

15 WQ 12 Glazed window 1500 x 1200 W1 = 1 No. + 0900

10 WT 12 Glazed window 1000 x 1200 W2 = 7 No. + 0900

15 CBT 18 Flushed shutters 1500 x 1800 C.B = 2 No. + 0150

10 V 6 Glazed Ventilator 1000 x 600 V = 3 No. + 1500

Site Plan: The proposed building is to be constructed in plot no. 12 with east facing
rd
having an approach to 10 m wide road in vidya nagar 3 line. The compound wall
around the plot is 200 mm thick and 1.5 m height. The inside dimensions of the plot
are 15.3 m wide and 17.7 m in length. Open spaces to be provided all around the
building are as front side = 5m, rear side = 3m north side = 3.5m and south side =
2.5m. Boundaries of the site = 10 m wide road on Eastern side; plot no. 13 on
Northern side; plot no. 11 on southern side and plot no. 19 on western side. Area table
can calculate base on theory mention in these chapter:

21
 AREA TABLE

Sr. No. Description Quantity

1 Plot area 270.81 sq. m

2 Permissible built up area (40%) 108.324 sq. m

3 Proposed built up area at G.F. 90.21 sq. m

4 Total built up area 90.21 sq. m

5 F.S.I permissible at G.F. 0.4

6 F.S.I used at G.F 0.33

7 Open Land area 180.6 sq. m

Line Plan:

22
23
 E05 Plan, Section and Elevation of a Two Storied Residential Building
Aim: To generate plan, section and elevation of a two storied residential building with the
knowledge of building bye laws from the given line plan and specifications.

Problem: The line diagram of a residential building is shown in the fig. From the given
specification draw the following views to a scale of 1: 50.

e) Fully dimensional detailed plan

f) Section along A – A
g) Front elevation

Specification:

8. Foundation: All the main walls are taken to a depth of 1000 mm below ground level and
rest on C.C. (1:4:8) bed 800 mm wide and 200 mm deep. The remaining portions consist
of one footing 600 mm wide and are 800 mm deep. The footing of brick masonry in C.M.
(1:4).
9. Basement: All the walls are 400 mm wide and the height of basement is 400 mm above
general G.L.

10. Steps: Steps of 2300 mm wide are provided with brick masonry in C.M. (1:6) on front side
Tread of each step = 300 mm & rise = 150 mm.

11. Superstructure: All the walls are 200 mm thick. The height of wall 3000 mm to the
bottom of R.C.C roof slab.

12. Lintels & sun-shades: R.C.C (1:2:4) lintels are provided on all opening with 150 mm
thickness and same 150 mm bearing on either side of opening.

R.C.C sun-shades are provided on all exterior doors, windows and ventilations with 90 mm
thickness at wall face and 75 mm thickness at free end. The projection of sun-shades
beyond the wall surface is 700 mm.

13. Roofing: 120 mm thick R.C.C (1:2:4) slab is provided over the entire building.
11. Parapet wall: Brick masonry parapet wall in C.M. (1:6) is of 100 mm thick and 800
mm height. A coping with 50 mm projection is provided at the top of the parapet wall.

12. Flooring: Flooring consists of mosaic tiled flooring over 100 mm thick C.C bed 1:4:8

The remaining depth of basement is filled with sand and gravel and thoroughly compacted.

24
 13. Doors and windows: Doors, windows, ventilators and cupboards shall be provided as
per the schedule given.
SCHEDULE OF DOORS, WINDOWS, VENTILATORS AND CUPBOARDS

Mark Item Size No.s

D1 Door 1000X 2000 11
D2 Door 800X 2000 4
W1 Window @ 0.9m above 1500X 1200 8
floor level
W2 Window @ 0.9m above 1000X 1200 5
floor level
V1 Ventilator @ 1.5m 1000X 600 7
above floor level
W3 Window @ 0.9m above 3600X 1200 1
floor level

25
26
27
 E06 Plan, Section and Elevation of a Post Office
Aim: To generate plan, section and elevation of a two storied residential building with the
knowledge of building bye laws from the given line plan and specifications.

Problem: The line diagram of a post office is shown in the fig. From the given specification
draw the following views to a scale of 1: 2000

h) Fully dimensional detailed plan

i) Section along A – A
j) Front elevation

Specification:

1. Foundation: All the main walls are taken to a depth of 1000 mm below ground level and
rest on C.C. (1:4:8) bed 1000 mm wide and 200 mm deep. The remaining portions consist of
two footings 800 mm wide and 600 mm wide and are 400 mm deep each. The footing of
brick masonry in C.M. (1:4).
2. Basement: All the walls are 400 mm wide and the height of basement is 600 mm above
general G.L.

3. Superstructure: All the walls are 300 mm thick. The height of wall 3000 mm to the bottom
of R.C.C roof slab.

4. Lintels & sun-shades: R.C.C (1:2:4) lintels are provided on all opening with 150 mm
thickness and same 150 mm bearing on either side of opening.

R.C.C sun-shades are provided on all exterior doors, windows and ventilations with 90
mm thickness at wall face and 75 mm thickness at free end. The projection of sun-shades
beyond the wall surface is 700 mm.

5. Roofing: 100 mm thick R.C.C (1:2:4) slab is provided over the entire building.

6. Flooring: Flooring consists of mosaic tiled flooring over 100 mm thick C.C bed 1:4:8

The remaining depth of basement is filled with sand and gravel and thoroughly compacted.

7. Doors and windows: Doors, windows, ventilators and cupboards shall be provided as
per the schedule given.

28
 SCHEDULE OF DOORS, WINDOWS, VENTILATORS AND CUPBOARDS

Mark Item Size No.s

D Panelled Door 1000X 2100 9
W Panelled Window @ 0.9m above 2000x1200 5
floor level
W1 Panelled Window @ 0.9m above 7500x1200 1
floor level
V Ventilator @ 1.5 m above floor 800x300 2
level

29
30
 E07 Basic Commands of CAD Software
Measuring Commands

GRID: Displays a grid of dots at a desired spacing on the screen.

Command: GRID (enter)
On/Off/Tick spacing(x)/Aspect: (enter value) (enter)
SNAP: Specifies a "round off" interval so that points entered with the mouse an
be locked into alignment with the grid spacing.
Command: SNAP (enter)
On/Off/Value/Aspect/Rotate/Style: (enter value) (enter)

Basic Draw Commands

CIRCLE: Draws circles of any size.
Command: Circle (enter)
3P/2P/TTR/<center point>: (pick a center point)
Diameter or <Radius>: (Pick a point on the circle)
LINE: Draws straight lines between two points
Command: LINE (enter)
From Point: (pick a point using the mouse)
To Point: (Pick a point using the mouse)
To Point: (Press return to end the command)
ARC: Draws an arc (any part of a circle or curve) through three known points.
Command: ARC (enter)
Center/ < Start point > : (pick the first point on the arc)
Center/End/ < Second point > : C
Center: (pick the arc's center point)
Angle/Length of chord/ <End point > : (pick the arc endpoint)
Display Commands
LIMITS: Sets the size of the drawing paper. For size "A" drawing paper the limits
should be set for 10.5 x 8.
Command: LIMITS (enter)
On/Off/Lower left corner <0.0000> (enter)
Upper right corner: 10.5,8 (enter)

ZOOM: Enlarges or reduces the display of a drawing.

Command: ZOOM (enter)
All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Left/Previous/Vmax/Window/<Scale(x/XP)>:
(pick a point to define one corner of a rectangular viewing window then pick a
point to define the second point to define the opposite diagonal corner of the
viewing window)

Pan: Allows you to move your view point around the drawing without changing the
magnification factor.
Command: PAN (enter)

31
Editing Commands
CHANGE: Alters properties of selected objects
Command: CHANGE (enter)
Select objects or window or Last (select objects to be changed)
Properties/<Change point>: (type P)
Change what property (Color/Elev/LAyer/LType/Thickness)? (type Layer)
New Layer: (enter new layer name and press enter)
ERASE: Erases entities from the drawing.
Command: ERASE (enter)
Select objects or Window or Last: (Select objects to be erased and press enter
when finished)
EXTEND: Lengthens a line to end precisely at a boundary edge.
Command: Extend (enter)
Select boundary edge(s)...
Select Objects (pick the line which represents the boundary edge which lines
will be extended to)
(press enter when finished selecting cutting edges)
<Select object to extend>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need to be extended
TRIM: Trims a line to end precisely at a cutting edge.
Command: Trim (enter)
Select cutting edge(s)...
Select Objects (pick the line which represents the cutting edge of line in
which objects will be trimmed to)
(press enter when finished selecting cutting edges)
<Select object to trim>/Undo: (pick the line(s) that need to be trimmed)
GRIPS
You can edit selected objects by manipulating grips that appear at defining points on the
object. Grips is not a command. To activate grips simply pick the object. Small squares
will appear at various entity-specific positions. By selecting an end grip you can stretch the
entity to change its size. By selecting the center grip you can move the entity to a new
location. To remove grips press CTL-C twice. You can perform the following using grips:
Copy, Multiple Copy, Stretch, Move, Rotate, Scale, and Mirror.
Creating Layers
LAYER:Creates named drawing layers and assigns color and linetype properties to those layers.
Command: LAYER (enter)
A Layer & Linetype Properties dialog box will be displayed. To add a new layer, pick the New
button. A new layer listing appears, using a default name of Layer1. the layer name can be
changed by highlighting the layer name. Colors and Linetypes can be assigned to each new layer
by picking the color box to assign a color and picking the linetype box to assign a line type.
Standard AutoCAD colors
1 = Red 2 = Yellow 3 = Green 4 = Cyan 5= blue 6 = magenta 7 = white

Standard AutoCAD linetypes

Hidden2 = hidden lines Center2 = center lines Phantom2 = phantom or
cutting-plane lines
Construction Commands
ARRAY: Makes multiple copies of selected objects in a rectangular or circular pattern
Command: ARRAY (enter)
Select objects or Window or Last: (select object to array)
Rectangular or Polar array (R/P) <current>: (P)
32
 Center point of array: (pick the point around which to form the array)
Angle to fill (+=CCW, -=Cw) <360>: (enter)

COPY: Draws a copy of selected objects.

Command: COPY (enter)
Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to be copied)
Base point or displacement: (pick a point on the object to be use as a
reference point) Second point of displacement: (pick a point which
represents the new location of the copied object)

MIRROR: Makes mirror images of existing objects.

Command: MIRROR (enter)
Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to be mirrored)
First point of mirror line: (pick a point on top of the mirror line)
Second point: (pick a point on the bottom of the mirror line)
Delete old objects? <N> y or n (enter)

MOVE: Moves designated entities to another location.

Command: MOVE (enter)
Select objects or Window or Last: (select objects to move)
Base point or displacement: (pick a point on the object to be use as a reference
point)
Second point of displacement: (pick a point which represents the new location
of the object)

OFFSET: Constructs an entity parallel to another entity at a specified distance. Offset

can be used with lines, circles, arcs, and polylines.
Command: OFFSET (enter)
Offset distance or Through <last>: (enter a distance value)
Select object to offset: (select object to offset)
Side to offset: (Pick any point on the side of the object you wish to offset)
FILLET: Changes any corner to a rounded corner.
Command: FILLET
Polyline/Radius/Angle/Trim/Method/ <Select first line > : (pick the first line)
Select second line: (pick the second line)
CHAMFER: Changes any corner to an angled corner.
Command: CHAMFER
Polyline/Distance/Angle/Trim/Method/ < Select first line > : (pick the first
line)
Select second line: (pick the second line)

OSNAP
Instantly locates exact points relative to existing objects (points).
Object Snap Modes: Endpoint, Midpoint, Center, Quadrant, Intersection, Insertion,
Perpendicular, Tangent, Nearest, Node, and None.

33
Placing lettering on a drawing
TEXT: Draws text characters of any size.
Command: TEXT (enter)
Justify/Style/<Start point>: (pick a starting point or enter a justification letter)
Height (0) (enter the height of the lettering)
Rotation Angle (0) (enter)
Text: (enter the desired lettering) (enter)
Summary of Options
<Start Point> Left-Justifies text along its baseline
Justify Justifies text according to the alignment options
Enters a new text
Style style
Null reply Enters a new line of text below the previous text.
(space or Enter key will give a Null reply)

Text Alignment Options

Alignment Abbreviation Orientation
Aligned A Aligns text between two points. Text
height will adjust automatically
Fit F Fits text between two points. Text height
will not change
Centered C Centers text at the baseline of a specified
point
Middle M Centers text horizontally and vertically at
the baseline of a specified point
Right R Right Justify text at the baseline of a
specified point
Alignment Abbreviation Orientation
Top
Left TL Left Justifies text at the top of text
Top Center TC Centers text at the top of text
Top Right TR Right justifies text at the top to text
Middle Left ML Left justifies text at the middle of text
Middle Center MC Centers text both horizontally and vertica lly
at the middle of the text
Middle Right MR Right justifies text at the middle of text
Bottom Left BL Left justifies text at the bottom of text
Bottom Center BC Centers text a the bottom of text
Bottom Right BR Right justifies text at the bottom of text

The SPELL command will check the spelling of a group of text.

Crosshatching a drawing
BHATCH: Allows the user to crosshatch areas of a section view.
Command: BHATCH (enter)
The Boundary Hatch dialogue Box will be displayed. Select the Hatch Options box.

The Hatch Options box will be displayed. Select the Patterns box.

34
The Choose Hatch Pattern box will be displayed. Select the desired hatch pattern.
The Hatch Options box will be displayed again. You can select a scale and rotation angle for the
crosshatch pattern. Select the OK box when finished.
The Boundary Hatch dialogue box will be displayed again. Select the Pick Points box. When
prompted select the internal point of the are to be crosshatched. Press the enter key when
finished.
The Boundary Hatch dialog box will be displayed again. Select the Apply box to add the
crosshatching to the drawing.

35
 E08 Line diagram of Door, Window by Auto CAD
Aim: To draw line diagram of door and window Using Auto CAD

Problem:

Window:

36
Door:

37
E09 Plan, Section and Elevation of a single storied residential building by Auto
CAD
Aim: To draw plan, section and elevation of a single storied residential building Using Auto CAD

Plan:

38